專題02 必修一 Unit3--Unit5 ——2023年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試專項(xiàng)精講+測試（新教材人教版）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?必|修|第一冊
UNIT 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS
主題語境體育運(yùn)動、大型體育賽事、體育與健康、體育精神

***重點(diǎn)單詞***
1、honour n.?榮譽(yù)；尊敬；榮幸
(1)in honour of 為了表示對……的敬意；為了紀(jì)念……
(2)have the honour to do/of doing... 有幸做……
=be/feel honoured to do/of doing... 為做……而感到榮幸
(3) It's an honour to do...? 很榮幸做……
2、honour v.?尊敬(某人); 給予表揚(yáng)(或獎勵、頭銜、稱號)?
(4)honour sb.with sth.for...? 因……授予某人某物
(5)be honoured as...? 被尊稱為……
→honourable adj.光榮的；高尚的

3、determine vt.決定；判決
(1)determine to do...? 決定做……(表示動作)
(2)be determined to do...? 決心做……(表示狀態(tài))
(3)determine on/upon? 決定
→determination n．決心；決定
with determination 堅(jiān)決地；果斷地
→determined adj. ?堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)定的；果斷的
4、injure vt. (使)受傷；損害
→injured adj.受傷的；有傷的
(1)the injured 傷員
→injury n．傷害；損傷
(2)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.? 害某人

5、strength n．力量；體力
(1)build up one's strength/body 強(qiáng)身健體
(2)strengths and weaknesses 優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)
(3)The strength of...is that...? ……的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是……
→strong adj. 強(qiáng)壯的
→strengthen vt. 加強(qiáng)；鞏固
6、fail v．失?。徊患案?br /> (1)fail to do...? 未能做……
(2)fail in doing sth ...? 在(做）……失敗
→failure n．失??；失敗的人(或事物)
(3)end in failure 以失敗告終
[易錯點(diǎn)撥]　
(1)failure表示抽象意義的“失敗”時(shí)，不可數(shù)；表示具體意義“失敗的人或事”時(shí)，則可數(shù)。
(2)failure后可接不定式作定語，但不接of doing...。

7、compete vi. 競爭；對抗
(1)compete in ?參加……比賽；在……方面競爭
(2)compete for 為……而競爭
(3)compete with/against...for...?為爭取……而與……對抗/競爭
→competition n．競爭
→competitive adj.競爭的；有競爭性的
→competitor n．競爭者
8、pretend vi.&vt.假裝；裝扮
pretend to be＋n./adj. 假裝是……
pretend?to do sth.? 假裝做某事
pretend?to be doing sth.? 假裝正在做某事
pretend?to have done sth.? 假裝已經(jīng)做了某事
pretend?that ...? 假裝……
[拓展]　
和pretend有類似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的動詞還有happen，appear，seem，claim等及be said to結(jié)構(gòu)。

9、diet n．規(guī)定飲食；日常飲食? vi.節(jié)食
a balanced diet? 平衡膳食
be on a diet 節(jié)食
go on a diet 節(jié)食

10、stress n．壓力；緊張；重音
(1)under stress 在壓力之下
(2)put sb.under great stress 使某人感到沉重的壓力
(3)lay/place/put stress on sth.? 強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物

11、stress vt.?強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀；使焦慮不安 vi.焦慮不安
stress the importance of ... 強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性
→stressful adj.緊張的；有壓力的

12、positive adj.積極的；正面的；樂觀的；肯定的
(1)on the positive side 　從好的方面看
(2)be positive about sth.? 對某事有信心/樂觀
(3)be positive that... 對……有把握；信心

***重點(diǎn)短語***
1、come短語
come along 跟隨；到達(dá)；進(jìn)步；趕快；出現(xiàn)
come up with 想出；提出
come about 發(fā)生
come across 穿過(路、橋)；(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)
come out 出來；(書等)出版；發(fā)行
come to 蘇醒；總計(jì)；達(dá)到；談到
When it comes to...? 當(dāng)談到……

2、work短語
work out 鍛煉；計(jì)算出；解決；理解；(有預(yù)期的)結(jié)果
work on 從事……；繼續(xù)……
work at 從事，致力于……
work as 充當(dāng)，作為……而工作
at/out of work 在工作/失業(yè)

3、make 短語
make a difference 對……有作用/有影響
make use of 利用；使用
make it 獲得成功；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)
manage it 能做到

4、example短語
set an example (for sb) （為...某人）樹立榜樣
follow sb.'s example 學(xué)某人的樣子
be an example to sb. 成為某人的榜樣
for example 例如
5、fall短語
fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩潰
fall down 　　　摔倒
fall off 從……掉下來
fall behind 落后，跟不上
fall over 跌倒，絆倒
fall into 養(yǎng)成，染上
fall out (頭發(fā)等)脫落；吵架
[語境助記]　
A banana skin fell off the table.The little girl didn't see it.She stepped on it and fell over.What's worse，her bowl broke into pieces.Quickly，her mother ran in and picked her up.If she falls into the habit of depending on parents in everything，the girl will fall behind others in time.

香蕉皮從桌子上掉下來。小女孩沒有看見。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔成了碎片。她媽媽立刻跑進(jìn)來扶起她。如果小女孩養(yǎng)成事事依賴父母的習(xí)慣，她遲早會落后于其他孩子的。

6、lose heart 喪失信心；泄氣
(1)put one's heart into ... 一心撲在……上
learn sth. by heart 背誦；記牢……
strike ... into one's heart? 使……刻骨銘心
from the bottom of sb.'s heart? ?從某人的心底
(2) heart and soul 全心全意地

7、give短語
give up 放棄；投降
give away ?分發(fā)；贈送；泄露
give back 歸還
give off 發(fā)出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等)
give out 分發(fā)；用完；耗盡
give in 屈服；投降；讓步；上交

8、make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表達(dá)清楚
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense? ?沒意義
(2)in a sense ?在某一方面；就某種意義來說
in no sense? 決不(用在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)
common sense? 常識
There is no/little sense in doing sth.? ?做某事沒道理
9、make a difference 有作用或影響；有差別，造成影響，起作用
make some difference to 對……有些關(guān)系
make no/little difference 沒影響，不重要
tell the difference between...and...? 辨別出……

10、rather than 而不是
(1)rather than 而不是
rather sb.than sb. 不想做別人要去做的事
(2)or rather 更確切地說；更準(zhǔn)確地講
(3)would rather do sth.than do sth.would do sth.rather than do sth.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.寧愿……而不愿……；與其……倒不如……
(4)would rather ＋從句用過去時(shí)，表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M用過去完成時(shí)，表示對過去的虛擬
11、cut短語
cut out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下
cut in 插嘴，打斷講話
cut across 抄近路穿過；橫越
cut down 砍倒；縮減
cut off 切斷；割掉；截?cái)?退路等)
cut up 切碎；傷心

12、“有時(shí)，偶爾”英語短語
now and then 有時(shí)，偶爾
now and then ?有時(shí)；偶爾
sometimes 有時(shí)
at times 有時(shí)；偶爾
occasionally 偶爾
once in a while 偶爾，有時(shí)

13、compare...with/to ……與……比較

***重點(diǎn)句型***
1、It's up to?sb.?to do?sth.做某事由某人來決定。
up to 多達(dá)……
be up to (doing)sth. ?? ? 正在(做)……；從事于……；勝任做……
up to now? ? ? 到目前為止

2、when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。
when，while和as都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句
其具體含義和用法如下：
(1)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，可與延續(xù)性動詞或短暫性動詞連用；從句動作可以發(fā)生在主句動作之前、之后或與主句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生
(2)while “當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，一般只可與延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生
(3)as “一邊……一邊……”常與延續(xù)性動詞連用，從句動作與主句動作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生
①When you apply for a job，you must present your credentials.
當(dāng)你申請工作時(shí)，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證書。
②Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.
客人們就要吃完的時(shí)候，瑪麗去煮咖啡了。
③As he grew older，he became less active.
隨著他逐漸長大，他變得不那么活潑了。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　
如果主句表示的是短暫性動作，而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作時(shí)，when，while與as可互換使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend.
我正沿著大街走時(shí)，碰巧遇到了我的一個老朋友。

3、even if/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，語氣較強(qiáng)，此外，if，though，although也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；意為“雖然，盡管”。
①If life there was full of hardships，it was also full of joy and excitement.
雖然那兒的生活非常艱苦，但是也非常愉快和令人興奮的。(這里的if相當(dāng)于even if)
②Air exists everywhere although we can't see it.
盡管我們看不見空氣，但它卻無處不在。
③Even though/if I understand what you say，I can't agree with you.
雖然我理解你說的話，但我不同意你的意見。
4、once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一旦……就……”
once在本句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一旦……就……”。如果once引導(dǎo)的從句的主語與主句的主語一致，且從句中的謂語動詞含有be動詞的某種形式時(shí)，或從句為“it be...”形式時(shí)，從句中的“主語＋be”或“it be”可以省略。
①Once trust is lost，what is left?
一旦失去了信任，還剩下什么呢？
②Once the song is heard，it will never be forgotten.
一旦被聽過，這首歌很難被忘記。
③Once seen，the picture is difficult to forget.
一旦看見，這幅畫很難被忘記。

***鞏固練習(xí)***

單句語法
1．An ______ (injure) policeman was led away by colleagues.
【答案】injured
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：一名受傷的警察被同事帶走了。分析句子成分可知，空后為名詞，所以空處應(yīng)為形容詞作定語修飾名詞。故填injured。
2．Comparing Chinese cultures _______________ overseas cultures is a challenging job, but you will learn a lot from it.
【答案】to/with
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：將中國文化與海外文化進(jìn)行比較是一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，但你會從中學(xué)到很多東西。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短語“compare…to/with…”，意為“把……和……進(jìn)行比較”，故空格處應(yīng)用介詞“to”或“with”。故填to/with。
3．The twins are so alike; it’s difficult to tell the difference _______________ them.
【答案】between
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：這對雙胞胎太像了；很難區(qū)分他們之間的區(qū)別。 tell the difference between區(qū)分。根據(jù)句意，故填between。
4．_______________ no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.
【答案】In
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：你決不應(yīng)該灰心；堅(jiān)持嘗試，你的努力最終會有回報(bào)的。in no sense“決不”，置于句首，句子部分倒裝。故填I(lǐng)n。
5．There is no sense in _______________ (complain). We should take action now.
【答案】complaining
【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：抱怨是沒有意義的。我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該采取行動。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“There is no sense in doing sth.”，意為“做某事沒有意義”，“complain”意為“抱怨”，動詞詞性，動名詞形式為“complaining”。故填complaining。
6．She was a brave and _______________(determine) girl with rich imagination.
【答案】determined
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：她是一個勇敢果斷、想象力豐富的女孩。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)用形容詞，作定語，“determine”意為“決定”，動詞詞性，“girl”指人，故空格處應(yīng)用“determined”，意為“果斷的，堅(jiān)決的”，形容詞詞性，修飾人。故填determined。
7．Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines _______________ (write) a book.
【答案】to write
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：天曉得是什么動機(jī)驅(qū)使，他決定寫一本書。determine to do sth. “決定做某事”，動詞不定式作賓語。故填to write。
8．But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress _______________ the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
【答案】on
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動的奇怪形式確實(shí)給腳踝和臀部帶來了相當(dāng)大的壓力，因此有此類受傷史的人可能希望在進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動時(shí)謹(jǐn)慎一些。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短語“place stress on…”，意為“在……上用力，給……帶來壓力”，故空格處應(yīng)用介詞“on”。故填on。
9．It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and _______________(stress) society.
【答案】stressful
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：寬恕和遺忘也是一種美德，尤其是在這樣一個競爭激烈、壓力重重的社會里。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)用形容詞，作定語，“stress”意為“壓力”，名詞詞性，“society”指物，故空格處應(yīng)用“stressful”，意為“壓力大的”，形容詞詞性，“stressful society”表示“壓力重重的社會”。故填stressful。
10．When her mother came in, she pretended _______________ (fall) asleep.
【答案】to have fallen
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當(dāng)她媽媽進(jìn)來時(shí)，她假裝睡著了。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短語“pretend to have done sth.”，意為“假裝已經(jīng)做某事”，應(yīng)用不定式的完成式“to have done”作賓語，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng)完成，“fall”的過去分詞為“fallen”，故空格處應(yīng)填“to have fallen”。故填to have fallen。
11．Nobody can entirely keep away from this _______________ (compete) world.
【答案】competitive
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：沒有人能完全遠(yuǎn)離這個競爭激烈的世界。空格處用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞world，compete的形容詞是competitive，意為“競爭激烈的”，故填competitive。
12．I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my _______________ (compete).
【答案】competitors
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我想證明,如果不是更好的話,我可以和我的競爭對手一樣好。as 后接名詞compete的名詞competitor作賓語，表示多個競爭對手，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填competitors。
13．Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength _______________ (do) the most difficult thing in my life.
【答案】to do
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：夏天讓我充滿活力，我覺得我有力量去做我生命中最困難的事情。短語 have the strength to do sth.表示“有力量做某事”。故填to do。
14．Write a poem about how courage, determination, and _______________ (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life.
【答案】strength
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：寫一首詩，講述勇氣、決心和力量如何幫助你面對生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。分析句子可知，句子為賓語從句，“courage, determination, and_____”在從句中作主語，故空格處應(yīng)用名詞，“strong”意為“強(qiáng)壯的”，形容詞詞性，對應(yīng)的名詞為“strength”，意為“力量”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填strength。
15．A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles _______________ (injure) and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train.
【答案】was injured
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在我第一次馬拉松比賽的前一個月，我的一個腳踝受傷了，這意味著我有兩周沒有跑步，只剩下兩周的訓(xùn)練時(shí)間。根據(jù)句中“A month before my first marathon”可知，句子陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事，“injure”意為“使受傷”，“one of my ankles”和“injure”為被動關(guān)系，故句子應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，“one of my ankles”與“was”連用，“injure”的過去分詞為“injured”，故空格處應(yīng)填“was injured”。故填was injured。
16．Even________he faced great challenges in his work, he finally made it.
【答案】if/though
【詳解】考查連詞。句意：即使他在工作中面對很多挑戰(zhàn)，他最終還是成功了。根據(jù)句意可知，前后兩句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填入轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。短語even if/ even though意為“雖然，即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，符合題意。故填if/though。
17．The great players can always help the team to play better and it is their help that makes a difference________the team.
【答案】to
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：偉大的球員總是能幫助球隊(duì)踢得更好，正是他們的幫助讓球隊(duì)變得不同。make a difference to是固定短語，意為“對……有影響”。故填to。
18．The water supply has been cut________temporarily (暫時(shí)) because the workers are repairing the main pipes.
【答案】off
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：由于工人們正在維修供水管道，供水暫時(shí)被切斷了。根據(jù)語境“工人們在維修供水管道”可知供水被切斷，故用動詞短語cut off，故填off。
19．He pretended________(read) an important paper when the boss entered.
【答案】to be reading
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：當(dāng)老板進(jìn)來時(shí)，他假裝正在看一份重要的文件。根據(jù)句中的“when the boss entered”可知他假裝正在看，故用pretend to be doing結(jié)構(gòu)，故填to be reading。
20．________(compare) with other athletes, he is much more graceful.
【答案】Compared
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：與其他運(yùn)動員相比，他要優(yōu)雅得多。compare為及物動詞，在句中作狀語，與邏輯主語he 為被動關(guān)系，compared with 意為“與……相比”，該空應(yīng)用過去分詞形式，句首字母大寫。故填Compared。
21．We all feel greatly honoured________(take) part in the event.
【答案】to take
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：能參加這次活動，我們都感到非常榮幸。分析句子可知，“　　　(take) part in the event”作狀語，be/feel 加上情緒性形容詞之后需要動詞不定式形式作原因狀語，feel honoured to do sth.可表示“覺得做某事很榮幸”，符合句意。故填to take。
22．As he________(injure) his leg before, he had to quit the game.
【答案】had injured
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：因?yàn)樗郧皞^腿，所以他不得不退出比賽。從句謂語所表示的動作先于主句謂語之前發(fā)生，表過去的過去，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填had injured。
23．As I know, never can________(fail) make the host lose confidence.
【答案】failure
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我知道，失敗永遠(yuǎn)不會讓主人失去信心。never處于句首，所以本句使用了部分倒裝，設(shè)空在句中作主語，應(yīng)用名詞failure，不可數(shù)名詞，故填failure。
24．Are you sure you really want all our friends to come _______?
【答案】along
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：你確定你真的想讓我們所有的朋友一起去嗎？分析句子可知，此處考查固定短語come along，意為“跟隨”，故此處應(yīng)填副詞作狀語修飾動詞come。故填along。
25．Things can easily go wrong when people are________ stress.
【答案】under
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)人們處于壓力之下時(shí)，事情很容易出錯。分析句子可知，此處為介詞短語under stress“處于壓力之下”，滿足句意要求。故填under。

必|修|第一冊
UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
主題語境自然災(zāi)害與防范安全常識與自我保護(hù)

***重點(diǎn)單詞***
1.?rescue?vt.營救；救援
(1)把某人從......營救出來: rescue sb from
rescue?n.營救；救援
(2)進(jìn)行營救: attempt a rescue
(3)設(shè)法（實(shí)行）營救: make/perform a rescue?
(4)他答應(yīng)在我有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候會來救我。
He promised to come to my rescue if I was in danger.

2.?damage?vt.損壞、迫害。n.損失；損害
?(1)彌補(bǔ)損失: recover a damage
(2)賠償損失: pay for damage
(3)遭受損失、蒙受損害: suffer damage
(4)洪水對莊稼造成重大的損毀。
The flood did/caused great damage to the crop.

3.survive?vi.生存；存活 vt幸存、艱難度過
(1)靠......活下來；靠......生存: survive on
(2)比某人多活......survive sb by
(3)在這次空難中沒有人幸免于難。
Nobody survived the disaster.
→?survivor?n. 幸存者；生還者

4.?destroy?vt. 摧毀；毀滅
(1)你的話會破壞孩子的自信心。
Your words will destroy your child’s confidence.
(2)我們不能再繼續(xù)破壞環(huán)境了。
We can’t continue to destroy the environment.
→?destruction?n. 破壞；毀滅

5.affect?vt影響;（疾?。┣忠u；深深打動；使感染（疾?。?br /> (1)我們被他的真誠深深打動。
We were affected by his sincerity.
(2)如今科技極大地影響了我們的生活。
Nowadays technology has greatly affected our life.
6.shelter n避難所；居所；庇護(hù) vt 保護(hù) 掩蔽躲避
(1)那棵大樹使我們免受大雨的侵襲.
The big tree sheltered us from the heavy rain.
(2)這個計(jì)劃是為無家可歸的人提供住所。
The plan is to provide shelter for the homeless.
→?effect?n. 影響；效果；結(jié)果

7.ruin?vt. 破壞；毀壞
(1)毀掉某人的希望、健康:ruin ones hope/health
ruin?n. 破壞；毀壞
(2)坍塌 fall into ruin
(3)災(zāi)難過后，一切都成了廢墟。
After the disaster, everything was in ruins.

8.shock?n. 震驚；令人震驚的事；休克?
(1)文化沖擊: culture shock
(2)震驚；吃驚: in shock
shock?vt.?使震驚
(3)對......感到吃驚: be shocked at/by...
(4)我們非常震驚地得知我們喜愛的這位作家已經(jīng)去世。
We were shocked to learn that our favorite writer had passed away

9.?trap?vt. 使落入險(xiǎn)境；是陷入圈套 n 陷阱；險(xiǎn)境
(1)用......捕捉；使困于......: trap sb/sth in sth
(2)誘騙某人使之采取某種行動: trap sb into sth/doing
(3)震后，很多人被困于廢墟下。
After earthquake, many people were trapped under the ruins.

10.?bury?vt. 埋葬；安葬
(1)專心于（某事）：陷入，沉浸于；藏于:bury … in...
(2)埋頭于；專心于 bury oneself in ...
(4)她以手掩面，痛哭起來。
She buried her face in her hands and cried bitterly,

11.effort?n. 努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力
(1)努力做某事: make an effort/efforts to do sth
(2)不遺余力: spare no effort
(3)值得努力: be worth the effort
(4)毫不費(fèi)力地: without effort
(5)他努力地說英語。
He spoke in English with effort.

12.?suffer?vt.遭受；蒙受（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦?
(1)遭受: suffer from
(2)遭受疼痛: suffer pain
(3)他們公司去年生意虧損。
Their company suffered loss in business last year,
→?suffering?n. 痛苦；苦難

13.?supply?n.供應(yīng)量；補(bǔ)給；補(bǔ)給品。
(1)食物供應(yīng) food supply
(2)供應(yīng)不足 in short supply
?supply?vt.供應(yīng)；供給
(3)提供給某人某物 supply sb with sth
(4)把某物提供給某人 supply sth to sb
(5)這家商店向顧客提供各種商品。
The shop supplies all kinds of goods to customers.

14.?power?n. 電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力
(1)某人有權(quán)、能力 within one’s power
(2)掌權(quán) come into power
(3)有權(quán)力做某事 have the power to do sth
(4)停電 power failure?
(6)這里沒有人有權(quán)在文件上簽名。
Nobody here has the power to sign the paper.
→?powerful?adj. 強(qiáng)有力的；強(qiáng)大的

15.calm?n.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的
(1)保持冷靜: stay/keep/remain calm
她在危險(xiǎn)面前能保持鎮(zhèn)靜。
She can keep calm in the face of danger.
calm? vt. 使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜
(2)使某人鎮(zhèn)靜下來: calm sb down
→?calmly adv.?平靜地；冷靜地

16.aid?n. 援助；幫助；救援物資?
(1)（對某人）實(shí)施急救 do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid
(2)幫某人的忙 come to the aid of sb
(3)為了幫助:in aid of
為了幫助洪災(zāi)地區(qū)舉行了一場音樂會。
A?concert was given in aid of the flooded areas.
(4)在......的幫助下: with the aid of

aid?v.幫助；援助
(5)幫助某人做某事: aid sb in doing sth/aid sb to do sth
(6)在某方面幫助某人:aid sb with sth

17.sweep?vt/vi. 打掃；清掃( swept ?swept)
(1)消滅；徹底清除: sweep away
(2)打掃干凈，清掃干凈: sweep out
(3)席卷；輕易通過:? sweep through
(4)打掃；清掃: sweep up
(5)晚會結(jié)束后，她被留下來打掃衛(wèi)生。
She was left to sweep up after the party.

18.wave?n ?海浪；波浪?
(1)一波......，一陣...... a wave of
wave??vt/vi 揮手；招手
(2)向......揮手: wave at/to ...
她從街對面向我招手。
She waved at me from across the street.
(3)揮手告別: wave off
→??wavy?adj 波浪形的

19.?strike?vt/vi. 侵襲；突擊；擊打
(1)打一個男孩: strike a boy
(2)鐘敲了十二下 : strike twelve
(3)打擊敵人: strike the enemy
(4)某人忽然想起: It strikes sb that…
(5)我忽然想起家里一個人也沒有。
It struck me that there was no one at home.
strike? n. 罷工；罷課；襲擊
開始罷工、罷課 : be/go on strike

20.?deliver. vt遞送，傳達(dá)，發(fā)表?
(1)發(fā)貨: deliver the goods
(2)作報(bào)告: deliver a speech
(3)接生: deliver a baby
(4)送某人到家: deliver to sb’s house
(5)大衛(wèi)會一大早起來送報(bào)紙。
David would get up early in the morning to deliver newspaper.
→?delivery?n 遞送，分娩

21.?summary?n. 總結(jié)；概括；概要
(1)…的摘要、總結(jié): summary of
(2)作總結(jié): make a summary
(3)總的來說，總之: in summary
總之，這次運(yùn)動取得了巨大的成功。
In summary, the campaign has been a great success.
→?summarize?vt 概述；總結(jié)

22.?effect?n. 影響；結(jié)果；效果
(1)實(shí)行: bring/ put sth into effect
(2)產(chǎn)生效果: bring about effect
(3)生效；開始實(shí)施: come into effect/ take effect
(4)實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上: in effect
(5)從......起開始生效: with effect from
(6)這反過來又對狼的食物供應(yīng)產(chǎn)生了影響。
This in turn has effect on the food supply for wolves.
→?effective?adj ? 有效的；生效的

23.?length?n. 長；長度
(1)最后，最終: at length
(2)長度: in length.
(3)十分詳盡地: at great/full length.
(4)桌子的長度是它的寬度的兩倍。
The length of the table is twice its breadth.
→?lengthen?v（使）變長

***重點(diǎn)短語***
1.as if/though?似乎，好像；仿佛
(1)引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或?yàn)槭聦?shí)?？捎藐愂稣Z氣；若為事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣。
(2)他老愛說大話，就仿佛他是一位要人似的。
He likes to talk big as if he was an important person.
(3)聽起來好像有人在敲門。
It sounds as if/though there is a knock at the door.

2.in the open air?露天；在戶外
(1)乘飛機(jī): by air
(2)在傳播中: in the air
(3)正在廣播: on the air
(4)停止廣播: off the air
(5)他正在戶外散步。
He is now taking a walk in the open air.

3.on hand?現(xiàn)有（尤指幫助）
(1)交上；提交: hand in
(2)分發(fā): hand out
(3)交出；移交: hand over
(4)交付，傳遞: hand on?
(5)在手邊；可能很快發(fā)生的: at hand
(6)用手工: by hand
(7)握手: shake hands
(8)手拉手；密切關(guān)聯(lián): hand in hand
(9)如今的女性非常忙碌。一方面，她們要照顧家庭；另一方面，許多婦女又選擇外出工作。
Women today are very busy. On the one hand, they have to take care of their families; on the other hand, many women choose to go out to work.

***重點(diǎn)句型***
1. 主語+be+adj+(+for sb ) +to do
課本原句
(1)水、食物和電都很難獲得.
Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
句式仿寫
(2)火山噴發(fā)本身的確是很壯觀的，我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我第一次看見火山噴發(fā)時(shí)的情景。
The volcanic eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.
2. be doing……when…正在做......,這時(shí)......

課本原句
(1)我和我的三個孩子吃早餐的時(shí)候。水開始充滿了我的家。
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
(2)我正往家走，老師好心地讓我搭個便車。
?I was walking home when my teacher kindly gave me a lift.
句式拓展
(3)她正要舉手，這時(shí)下課了。
?She was about to raise her hand when class was over.

***鞏固練習(xí)***

單句語法
1．Many people suffer________ mental health problems at some point in their lives.
【答案】from
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：許多人在他們生命中的某個時(shí)刻都有心理健康問題。suffer是不及物動詞，后面需要加上介詞才能接賓語，suffer from“遭受，患……病”符合題意。故填from。
2．The children of Nome would be helpless if the infectious disease_________(strike) the town.
【答案】struck
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果傳染病侵襲該鎮(zhèn)，諾姆的孩子們將無助。根據(jù)句意和句中“would be helpless”可知，句子為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去式，“strike”意為“侵襲”，動詞詞性，過去式為“struck”。故填struck。
3．Lisa is an outstanding graduate ______ life stories have greatly inspired her fellow schoolmates.
【答案】whose
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：麗莎是一位優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)生，她的人生故事極大地鼓舞了她的同學(xué)們。分析可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是graduate，從句缺少定語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。
4．Drunk driving not only ruined _______________ (he) but also killed several passers-by.
【答案】himself
【詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：酒后駕駛不僅毀了他自己，還殺死了幾個路人。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短語“ruin oneself”，意為“毀掉自己，自取滅亡”，故空格處應(yīng)用“he”對應(yīng)的反身代詞“himself”。故填himself。
5．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood _______________ ruins.
【答案】in
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：第二天，當(dāng)他們返回洛克韋時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的鄰居已成廢墟。短語in ruins表示“成為廢墟”。故填in。
6．After the new president came _______________ power, he took a series of measures to improve people's life.
【答案】to/into
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：新總統(tǒng)上臺后，他采取了一系列措施來改善人民的生活。此處為短語come to/into power表示“掌權(quán)”。故填to/into。
7．Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect _______________ everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life.
【答案】on
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：最重要的是，幽默能激發(fā)你的活力，它會影響你在學(xué)校、工作或個人生活中的一切。have an effect on“對……有影響”。故填on。
8．__________ the aid of rescue workers, they have all managed to rebuild their houses.
【答案】With
【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：在救援人員的幫助下，他們都設(shè)法重建了自己的房子。with the aid of為固定搭配，表示“在……援助下”，設(shè)空處位于句首，需首字母大寫。故填With。
9．She prefers to walk________the open air for half an hour after supper.
【答案】in
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：她喜歡晚飯后在戶外散步半小時(shí)。in the open air “在戶外，露天”。故填in。
10．________ (effect) measures have been taken to rescue those trapped under the damaged building.
【答案】Effective
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：已采取有效措施營救被困在受損建筑物下的人。設(shè)空在句中做定語，修飾名詞measures，表“有效的”，填形容詞effective，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Effective。
11．In the face of the disaster, he________(calm) arranged for a car to pick up her children.
【答案】calmly
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：面對災(zāi)難，他鎮(zhèn)定地安排了一輛車來接她的孩子?？崭裉幱酶痹~calmly修飾動詞arranged，作狀語，故填calmly。
12．Up to now enough food and water ________ (deliver) to the disaster-hit area.
【答案】have been delivered
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，已經(jīng)向受災(zāi)地區(qū)運(yùn)送了足夠的食物和飲用水。根據(jù)句意和句中“Up to now”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，“deliver”意為“遞送”，動詞詞性，“food and water”和“deliver”為被動關(guān)系，故句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成的被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞為“has/have been done”，主語“food and water”是復(fù)數(shù)意義，“deliver”的過去分詞為“delivered”，故填have been delivered。
13．You will be shocked at the________(long) of the amazing river.
【答案】length
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：你會被這條驚人的河的長度所驚訝到。根據(jù)上文定冠詞the和后文介詞of可知，該空應(yīng)填名詞，表示“長度”length作賓語。故填length。
14．At this point, it suddenly________(strike) me that I was wasting my time.
【答案】struck
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這時(shí)，我突然感覺到我是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。分析句子可知，that后的從句中謂語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)，故主句謂語用一般過去時(shí)符合語境；根據(jù)英文提示，故填struck。
15．________ (bury) in her study, she paid no attention to what was happening.
【答案】Buried
【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：她埋頭學(xué)習(xí)，沒有注意正在發(fā)生的事。be buried in “埋頭于”，在句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。置于句首，首字母大寫。故填Buried。
16．The door was locked and they________(trap) in the building.
【答案】were trapped
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：門是鎖著的，他們被困在大樓里。本處是and連接的兩個并列句，空處在句中作謂語，且與and前面的句子中謂語時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；主語they與trap是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；由主語they可知其后面謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式；故填were trapped。
17．They were________(shock) to find the house completely destroyed.
【答案】shocked
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他們震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)房子完全被毀了。設(shè)空在句中作表語，表主語They “感到震驚的”，應(yīng)用形容詞shocked。故填shocked。
18．The little child and her parents lived in a shelter because their house ________ (destroy) in the flood.
【答案】had been destroyed
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這個小孩和她的父母住在一個庇護(hù)所里，因?yàn)樗麄兊姆孔釉诤樗斜粴Я恕７治鼍渥涌芍?，句子為“because”引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，根據(jù)句中“l(fā)ived”可知，主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句中“destroy”的動作發(fā)生在“l(fā)ived”的動作之前，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，且“house”和“destroy”為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞為“had been done”，“destroy”意為“摧毀”，動詞詞性，過去分詞為“destroyed”，故空格處應(yīng)填“had been destroyed”。故填had been destroyed。
19．Several ________ (survive) of the accident have been taken to the hospital in a state of shock.
【答案】survivors
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：幾名事故幸存者在震驚中被送往醫(yī)院。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)用名詞，作主語，“survive”意為“幸存”，動詞詞性，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)用“survivor”，意為“幸存者”，為可數(shù)名詞，“Several”后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，“survivor”的復(fù)數(shù)形式為“survivors”。故填survivors。
20．Her heart was slightly __________(damage) as a result of her long illness.
【答案】damaged
【詳解】考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：由于長期生病，她的心臟受到了輕微的損傷。damage與主語是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，此處使用過去分詞，與was構(gòu)成一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。故填damaged。
21．What followed was a ________(summarise)of the day filled with a strong feeling such as love or hate.
【答案】summary
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：接下來是對這一天的總結(jié)，充滿了愛或恨等強(qiáng)烈的感覺。根據(jù)句意和空格前的冠詞a以及所給動詞summarize可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入可數(shù)名詞summary的單數(shù)形式作表語。故填summary。
22．The president _______(wave) at the crowd from the steps of the plane.
【答案】waved
【詳解】考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：總統(tǒng)從飛機(jī)臺階上向人群揮手。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入謂語動詞。由句意可知，該動作發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。故填waved。
23．It ________(shock) her to hear that her good friend was attacked with cancer.
【答案】shocked
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：聽到她的好朋友患了癌癥，她很震驚。分析句子成分可知，空處在主句中作謂語，應(yīng)用動詞shock表示“使震驚”，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)“was attacked”，所以主句的時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)，應(yīng)填shock的過去式shocked。故填shocked。
24．I felt a wave of panic, but forced myself to leave the office ________ (calm).
【答案】calmly
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：我感到一陣恐慌，但還是強(qiáng)迫自己平靜地離開了辦公室。分析句子可知，“l(fā)eave”為動詞，空格處應(yīng)用副詞，作狀語，“calm”意為“鎮(zhèn)靜的”，形容詞詞性，對應(yīng)的副詞為“calmly”，意為“鎮(zhèn)靜地”。故填calmly。
25．The _________power of modern weapons is far beyond our imagination. (destroy)
【答案】destructive
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：現(xiàn)代武器的破壞力遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出我們的想象。根據(jù)空格后的名詞power可知，此處應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語修飾名詞，destroy的形容詞形式為destructive。故填destructive。

必|修|第一冊
UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
主題語境語言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律、方法等

***重點(diǎn)單詞***

1、native adj.本國的；本地的 n．本地人；本國人
(1)one's native country/land/language 某人的祖國/故鄉(xiāng)/母語
be native to?? 原產(chǎn)于……
(2)be a native of... ??……的人；生長于……的動物或植物
attitude n．態(tài)度；看法；姿態(tài)
attitude to/towards...　對……的態(tài)度/看法
have/take a(n)．..attitude to/towards... 對……持/采取……的態(tài)度
2、despite prep.即使；盡管，為介詞，后常跟名詞或v.ing

3、even if 即使；盡管，為連詞，后跟從句

4、refer to提及；查閱；參考；把…稱作…；指的是
→reference n.? 提及；參考；查閱
refer to...as...　　把……稱作……
5、based adj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的→basic adj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的
(1)base...on/upon　　把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上
be based on/upon?? 以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)
(2)at the base of?? 以……為基點(diǎn)；在……的底部
6、date back(to...)追溯(到……)
(1)date back to＝date from　　追溯到……
(2)out of date?? 過時(shí)的，陳舊的
7、variety n．(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化→various adj. ?不同的；各種各樣的→vary vt.&vi. ? 改變；變化
(1)a variety of＝varieties of　種類繁多的
(2)for various reasons?? 由于種種原因
(3)vary from...to...?? 從…到…不等；在…到…之間變動

8、major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修課程；主修學(xué)生 vi.主修；專門研究
→majority n. ?大多數(shù)；→minority 少數(shù)....
(1)major in　　　　　　主修……；以……為專業(yè)
(2)the majority of?? 大多數(shù)……
be in the majority?? 構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù)

9、means n．方式；方法；途徑
(1)a means of communication 一種通訊/交流工具
(2)by this means?? 通過這種方法
by means of?? 用……辦法；借助……
by no means 決不，一點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)
(3)mean vi.?? 意味著
mean doing sth.? ? 意味著做某事
mean to do sth? 打算做某事
10、regard ?n．尊重；關(guān)注 vt.把……視為；看待
(1)regard/consider...as...　認(rèn)為……是……
(2)have high/no regard for...?? 高度關(guān)注/無視……
with/in regard to sth.?? 關(guān)于某事
?
11、appreciate ?vt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會vi.增值→appreciation n.欣賞；感激
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing　　重視/感激……
I would appreciate it if...?? 假如……，我將不勝感激
(2)express one's appreciation/thanks to sb.for sth. 表達(dá)對某人的感激之情

12、struggle ?n．&vi.斗爭；奮斗；搏斗
struggle for　　　　　　努力爭取……；為……而斗爭
struggle against/with?? 與……作斗爭
struggle to do sth.?? 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet?? 掙扎著站起來

13、point of view 觀點(diǎn)；看法
from one's point of view in one's view/opinionas far as sb.is concerned 依某人來看

14、equal ?n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；equally adv. →同樣地；平等地
(1)be equal to　　　　　　　等于
be equal to sth./doing sth.?? 勝任(做)某事
(2)A equals B in sth.?? A在某方面比得上B

15、demand ?n．要求；需求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問
→demanding adj. ?高要求的；要求嚴(yán)格的
(1)be in (great) demand　　? (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one's demands?? 滿足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth.?? 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do...?? 要求……

16、description ?n．描寫(文字)；形容→describe vt. 描述；形容；描繪
(1)be beyond description　無法形容，難以描述
(2)give a description of...?? 介紹……

17、relate ?vt.聯(lián)系；講述→relation n．關(guān)系
(1)relate sth.to sb.　　　向某人講述
relate to?? 與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到
(2)be related to?? 與……有關(guān)
(3)in relation to?? 關(guān)于

***重點(diǎn)短語***
1．refer to ?指的是；描述；提到；查閱
2．ups and downs? ? 浮沉；興衰；榮辱
3．date back (to...)? ? 追溯到
4．the attitude to/towards? ? ……對……的態(tài)度
5．pay attention? to? ? 注意
6．be of great importance? ? 很重要
7．be known for? ? 因……而出名
8．lead to? ? 導(dǎo)致
9．be connected with?? 和……有聯(lián)系
10．play a．..role in? ? 起著……的作用
11．point of view 觀點(diǎn)；看法
12．relate to? ? 與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到
13．give up? ? 放棄
14．feel like? ? 感覺像
15．used to? ? 過去常常
16．get/be used to? ? 適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣于
17．compare...with...?? 與……相比較
18．depend on? ? 依靠，取決于
19．be senior to? ? 比……年長
20．a(chǎn)side from? ? 除了……之外

***重點(diǎn)句型***
1、This/That is/was a time when...這是一個……的時(shí)期
There was a time when...曾有一段時(shí)間……
This was a time when I hated to go to school.
這是我最討厭上學(xué)的時(shí)候。
There was a time when I didn't get along well with my classmates.
有一段時(shí)間我和同學(xué)們相處得不好。
2、no matter＋特殊疑問詞(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，
表示不管；無論...，可與特殊疑問詞ever等詞互換。
No matter how difficult the problem is，we should not lose heart.
= However difficult the problem is，we should not lose heart.無論多么困難的問題，我們不應(yīng)該喪失信心。

3、as 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，意為“隨著”
As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.隨著中國在全球事務(wù)中扮演著更為重要的角色，越來越多的國際學(xué)生開始通過漢語這一奇妙的語言了解和欣賞中國的文化和歷史。

4、he＋比較級， the＋比較級越……，就越……
the more...，the less...　　?? 越……，越不……
the more...the better...?? ……越多，……就越好
The more he explained，the more confused I? became.
他越解釋我就越迷惑。
As is known to us，the lazier a person is，the more things he needs to do tomorrow.
眾所周知，一個人越懶，他明天要做的事情越多。
The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越仔細(xì)，你就會越少犯錯誤。

5、have trouble with sth./in doing sth.　做……上有困難
have difficulty with sth.?? 在……上有困難
have difficulty(in)doing sth.?? 做某事有困難
I hope we won't have any trouble with each other.希望我們彼此之間不會有什么不愉快的事情。
I had no difficulty in making myself understood.我毫不費(fèi)力地表達(dá)了自己的意思。
6、動詞＋疑問詞＋to do 結(jié)構(gòu)
I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head，and I certainly can't remember how to use them all properly.
我不能把所有的新詞匯都記在腦子里，當(dāng)然我也記不得如何正確地使用它們。

***鞏固練習(xí)***
單句語法
1．The beauty of nature is beyond _______ (describe).
【答案】description
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：大自然的美是無法形容的。分析句子可知，“beyond”為介詞，空格處應(yīng)用名詞，作賓語，“describe”意為“描述”，動詞詞性，對應(yīng)的名詞為“description”，意為“描述，形容”，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填description。
2．I _____________ (appreciate) it very much if you could post the letter for me.
【答案】would appreciate
【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：如果你能幫我寄一下這封信，我會很感激。固定句型： I would appreciate it if...“如果……我將不勝感激”，故填would appreciate。
3．The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as ________ (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
【答案】reference
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：課本和字典可以作為參考書，而雜志是閱讀材料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為名詞reference作定語修飾名詞books。故填reference。
4．In spite of ups________ downs, she never loses heart.
【答案】and
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：盡管有起起落落，她從不灰心。固定短語ups and downs表示“盛衰沉浮”。故填and。
5．He delivered his speech in a fluent (流利的) way, without referring ________ his draft.
【答案】to
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：他講話很流利，沒有看草稿。refer to“參考；查閱”，固定搭配。故填to。
6．My car demands________ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus.
【答案】to be repaired/repairing
【詳解】考查動名詞和不定式。句意：我的車需要修理，所以我不得不乘公共汽車上班。sth. demand doing/to be done是固定短語，意為“某物需要被做”，動名詞和不定式的被動語態(tài)作賓語，故填to be repaired/repairing。
7．The teacher came to the classroom and demanded________ (tell) what was going on just now.
【答案】to be told
【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：老師來到教室，要求告訴剛才發(fā)生了什么事。demand to do sth. “要求做某事”，又因demand的主語為“The teacher”，老師要求別人告訴他，那老師就是被告訴。所以應(yīng)為demand to be done。故填to be told。
8．Black people had to fight for social and economic________ (equal) with whites.
【答案】equality
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：黑人必須爭取與白人在社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的平等。作賓語，應(yīng)用名詞equality。故填equality。
9．—Why didn’t you give a hand to the boy?
—I’d like to, but he struggled________ his feet before I tried to.
【答案】to
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：——你為什么不幫那個男孩一把?——我很想，但我還沒來得及，他就掙扎著站了起來。struggle to one’s feet(掙扎著站起來)為固定短語，符合句意，故填to。
10．Be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal________ your physical health.
【答案】to
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：要積極開朗，因?yàn)槟愕男睦斫】档扔谀愕纳眢w健康。be equal to是固定短語，意為“等于”，因此空格處是介詞to，故填to。
11．I would like to convey my sincere________ (appreciate) to you for your assistance.
【答案】appreciation
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我想對你的幫助表示衷心的感謝。根據(jù)上文 sincere可知，此處填名詞appreciation“感激”作賓語，不可數(shù)名詞。故填appreciation。
12．Students sometimes support themselves________ means of doing part-time jobs.
【答案】by
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：學(xué)生有時(shí)通過做兼職工作來養(yǎng)活自己。by means of意為“通過某種方式；憑借；依靠”，固定搭配。故填by。
13．The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based________ our present mental register.
【答案】on
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：重讀的美妙之處在于，我們與作品的聯(lián)系是基于我們當(dāng)前的心理記錄。短語be based on表示“基于”。故填on。
14．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be________ respected.(equal)
【答案】equally
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：任何人，無論他是官員還是公共汽車司機(jī)，都應(yīng)該受到同等的尊重。設(shè)空處修飾動詞be respected，應(yīng)用副詞。equal的副詞為equally，意為“（程度）相當(dāng)?shù)兀瑯拥亍?，作狀語。故填equally。
15．I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate________ my students.
【答案】to
【詳解】考查介詞。句意：我熱愛科技，并努力跟上科技的發(fā)展，這樣我就可以和我的學(xué)生建立聯(lián)系。此處是動詞短語relate to表示 “理解，認(rèn)同”，故填to。
16．The closer you are, the________ (much) you will see.
【答案】more
【詳解】考查固定句式。句意：你離得越近，你看到的就越多。設(shè)空所在句是“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)，表“越……越……”，故該處填much的比較級more。故填more。
17．I am not fond of pop music, because I often have trouble________ (understand) the words.
【答案】understanding
【詳解】考查非謂語。句意：我不喜歡流行音樂，因?yàn)槲页３Ｂ牪欢柙~。短語：have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有麻煩或困難”。結(jié)合句中提示，所以空處用動名詞understanding，故填understanding。
18．Calligraphy________ (regard) as an art form, and I really enjoy it.
【答案】is regarded
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：書法被視為一種藝術(shù)形式，我非常喜歡它?？仗帒?yīng)填謂語動詞的形式，主語Calligraphy與regard是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且“書法被看作是一種藝術(shù)形式”是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，be regarded as (被視為)，主語不可數(shù)名詞，謂語單數(shù)形式。故填is regarded。
19．He is always coming late for class for ___________ (variety) reasons.
【答案】various
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：由于各種各樣的原因，他上課總是遲到。分析句子可知，“reasons”為名詞，前面應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，“variety”意為“不同種類”，名詞詞性，對應(yīng)的形容詞為“various”，意為“各種各樣的”，做定語。故填various。
20．Dating ________ to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.
【答案】back
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意：京劇可追溯到18世紀(jì)，距今已有200多年歷史。date back to是固定短語，意為“追溯到”。故填back。
21．Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future____________(refer).
【答案】reference
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：把那家餐館的電話號碼寫下來，以備將來參考?？仗帒?yīng)填名詞作介詞for的賓語，reference參考，查閱，不可數(shù)名詞。故填reference。
22．The people in Syria have been looking forward to the day ______ the conflict will end.
【答案】when
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：敘利亞人民一直期待著沖突結(jié)束的那一天。句中先行詞為the day，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)句意，故填when。
23．The boss demanded that everyone________ (attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow.
【答案】(should) attend
【詳解】考查虛擬語氣。句意：老板要求每個人都參加明天舉行的會議。demand表示要求，后跟賓語從句需用虛擬語氣，謂語用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。故填(should) attend。
24．Their relationship has reached the point ________ they have to divorce.
【答案】where
【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：他們的關(guān)系已經(jīng)到了不得不離婚的地步。如果定語從句的先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞并且在從句中作狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，這一類的名詞有point/situation/case/stage/atmpsphere,etc。此處為定語從句，修飾先行詞point，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填where。
25．The old couple will never forget the days ________ they had a summer camp in Australia.
【答案】when
【詳解】考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：這對老夫婦永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記他們在澳大利亞夏令營的日子。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處缺少定語從句引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是the days，定語從句缺少時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞when。故填when。

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