七年級英語下冊必備知識清單
一、詞匯知識清單
I、課標(biāo)詞匯[注意英譯漢]
up [?p] adv.向上
get up起床；站起
dress ['dres] v.穿衣服n.連衣裙
get dressed穿上衣服
brush [br??] v.刷；刷凈n.刷子
tooth [tu?θ] n. (pl. teeth[ti?θ])牙齒
shower ['?a??] n.&v.淋浴; n.淋浴器（間）
take a shower淋??；洗澡
usually ['ju?u?li] adv.通常地；一般地
forty ['f??(r)t?] num.四十
wow [wa?] interj.（表示驚奇或敬佩）哇；呀
never ['nev?] adv.從來；絕不
early ['??l?] adv.&adj.早（的）
fifty ['f?ft?] num.五十
job [d??b] n.工作；職業(yè)
work [w??k] n.&v.工作
station ['ste??(?)n] n.電（視）臺；車站
radio station廣播電臺
o'clock adv.（表示整點(diǎn)）……點(diǎn)鐘
night [na?t] n.晚上；夜晚
funny ['f?n?] adj.奇怪的；滑稽好笑的
exercise ['eks?sa?z] v.&n.鍛煉；練習(xí)
on weekends（在）周末
best [best] adj.最好的 adv.最好地；最
group [gru?p] n.組；群
half [hɑ?f] n.&pron.一半；半數(shù)
past [pɑ?st] prep.晚于；過（時間）adj.過去的
quarter ['kw??t?] n.一刻鐘；四分之一
homework ['h??mw??k] n.家庭作業(yè)
do (one’s) homework做作業(yè)
run [r?n] v.跑；奔
clean. [kli?n] v.打掃；弄干凈；adj.干凈的
walk [w??k] n.&v.行走；步行
take a walk散步；走一走
quickly ['kw?kl?] adv.很快地
either ['a?e?] adv.或者；也（用在否定詞組后）
either…or…要么……要么……；或者……或者……
lot [l?t] pron.大量；許多
lots of大量；許多
sometimes [?s?mta?mz] adv.有時
taste [te?st] v.有…的味道；品嘗；n..味道；
life [la?f] n.(pl. lives [la?vz])生活;生命
II、語法詞匯知其變[注意詞性變化]
1. dress ['dres] v.穿衣服--- adj.dressed穿好衣服的；穿著……衣服的---n.dresser梳妝臺；化妝師
2. brush [br??] v.刷；刷凈n.刷子---ing形式brushing---pl.brushes
3. tooth [tu?θ] n.牙齒--- pl.teeth
4. usually ['ju?u?li] adv.通常地；一般地---adj.usual通常的，平常的
5. work [w??k] n.&v.工作---3pl.works---ing形式working
6. funny ['f?n?] adj.奇怪的；滑稽好笑的---n.fun樂趣，享受
7. exercise ['eks?sa?z] v.&n.鍛煉；練習(xí)---3pl.exercises---ing形式exercising
8. best [best] adj.最好的 adv.最好地；最---（原級）adj.good好的，優(yōu)良的---（原級）adv.well有益的；合理的
9. half [hɑ?f] n.&pron.一半；半數(shù)---pl.halves
10. quarter ['kw??t?] n.一刻鐘；四分之一---pl.quarters
11. run [r?n] v.跑；奔 ---ing形式running---n.runner跑步者
12. clean. [kli?n] v.打掃；弄干凈；adj.干凈的---ing形式cleaning---n.cleaner清潔工；清潔劑
13. walk [w??k] n.&v.行走；步行---ing形式walking---n.walker步行者
14. quickly ['kw?kl?] adv.很快地---adj.quick迅速的，快的
15. sometimes [?s?mta?mz] adv.有時---adv.sometime某個時候
16. life [la?f] n.生活;生命---pl.lives
III、重點(diǎn)短語知搭配[注意固定短語的英漢互譯]
get up 起床
get dressed 穿上衣服
take a shower 洗淋浴
radio station 廣播臺
on weekends 在周末
what time 什么時間
go to school 去上學(xué)
do one’s homework 做某人的家庭作業(yè)
take a walk 散步
either…or… 要么……要么……；或者……或者……
lots of…= a lot of 很多；大量
brush (my) teeth 刷（我的）牙
get to 到達(dá)
go home 回家
eat breakfast 吃早餐
go to work 去上班
get home 到家
go to bed 上床睡覺
at night 在晚上
be late for 遲到
IV、核心單詞知用法[注意固定短語、句型和詞塊]
Section A
1. What time do you usually get up? 你通常什么時候起床？(P. 7)
When do you go to work? 你的朋友們什么時候鍛煉？(P. 8)
(1)what time意為“何時；什么時候”。如果詢問主語什么時候做某事，可以用“What time/When do/does+主語+動詞原形+...?”句型；如果詢問主語什么時候發(fā)生，可以用“What time/When be +主語+…?”其中，what time用來提問具體的時間，此時的what time可以用when 替換。
例如：What time do you get up?(=When do you get up?)
What time does she often watch TV?(=When doesshe often watch TV?)
What time is the party?=(When is the party?)
What time is the English class?=(When is the English class?)
【拓展】what time 與 when 都可以對時間進(jìn)行提問，表示“什么時候”。what time用來詢問具體的時間點(diǎn)；when既可以用來詢問具體的時間點(diǎn)，也可以用來詢問時間段（年，月，日，星期等）。具體用法如下：
①對時間狀語提問時，有時兩者可以互換。
例如：What time/When do you usually go to school?
What time does he eat breakfast?
What time do you get up?
What time does Tom take a shower?
②向?qū)Ψ皆儐柧唧w時間，即幾點(diǎn)幾分時，只能用what time,不能用when。
(2)time是名詞，意為“時間”，是不可數(shù)名詞。
例如：I don’t have time to do my homework.
Do you have free time on weekends?
time也可作“次數(shù)”講（可數(shù)名詞），three times 三次
例如：I watch TV three times a week.
How many times do you go to the museum?
We have meals three times a day.
time還有“時機(jī)，機(jī)會”的意思，常用句型：It’s time for sth./to do sth.“到了干某事的時機(jī)了”。
例如：It’s time to go to bed.
Don’t talking! It’s time to have math class.
It’s time to go out for dinner.
It’s time for lunch/class/fun.
2. From twelve o’clock at night to six o’clock in the evening. (P. 8)
(1)介詞短語from… to… 意為“從……到……”，可以跟時間或者地點(diǎn)。
例如：from home to school
from here to there
from bus station to the park
from Monday to Friday
(2)o’clock (=of the clock)意為“……點(diǎn)鐘”，只能用于整點(diǎn)，構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)“基數(shù)詞+o’clock”。

例如：10 o’clock
twelve o’clock
4 o’clock
two o’clock
7 o’clock
nine o’clock

3. That’s a funny time for breakfast. 這個時間吃早餐真有趣。(P. 8)
形容詞funny，意為“奇怪的；滑稽好笑的”。派生詞fun作名詞，意為“樂趣，享受；嬉戲，玩笑”，常用搭配“have fun (doing) sth.”,意為“（做）某事獲得高興”。
例如：This is a funny book.
My grandfather tells me a funny story.
Let’s have fun playing basketball.
The little girl has fun reading books with her friends.
4. At eleven o’clock, so I’m never late for work. 11點(diǎn)，所以我上班從不遲到。 (P. 8)
(1) so作連詞時，意為“因此，所以”，不能和“because”連用；so作副詞時，意為“如此，這么；確是如此”。
例如：It’s raining now, so we have to stay at home.
I am late, so I have to go to Mr. Smith’s office.
My friend thinks the music is beautiful, but I don’t think so.
(2)短語be late for，意為“遲到”。
例如：Don’t be late for school!
Are you late for your work again?
I’m so sorry that I’m late for your class, Mr. zhang.
(3)never作頻率副詞，意為“從來；絕不”。
常用頻率副詞：usually（通常）, always（總是）, often（經(jīng)常，時常）, sometimes（有時），hardly（幾乎不），never。頻率副詞可位于句首或句中，在句中位于be動詞之后或行為動詞前。
例如：My grandmother is always at the park.
The uncle is never late for work.
The man often goes to the library to read books.
I usually have breakfast at seven o’clock.
My cousin hardly eats vegetables.
Section B
1. They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.他們通常晚上6:45吃晚餐。
quarter作可數(shù)名詞，意為“一刻鐘；四分之一”?？捎糜跁r間的表達(dá)，亦可作數(shù)量的表達(dá)，可用結(jié)構(gòu)“a quarter of +n.四分之一；two quarters of +n.二分之一，一半；three quarters of +n.四分之三”。數(shù)量+名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
例如：It’s at two quarters past ten o’clock. Why don’t you go to bed?
We want to watch TV at a quarter to nine in the evening.
A quarter of students play games with Mrs. Wang.
Three quarter of students play the guitar with Mr. Wang.
Two quarters of water is used up by the child.
A quarter of apple is eaten by the mouse.
2. After school, I sometimes play basketball for half an hour.放學(xué)后，我有時打半個小時的籃球。(P. 11)
(1)短語after school意為“放學(xué)后”。其中after可作介詞，意為“在……之后”后跟名詞，代詞，動名詞做賓語，構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)“after+n./pron./v.ing”;也可做連詞，意為“在……以（之）后”后跟句子構(gòu)成時間狀語從句。
例如：After dinner, I watch TV with my family.
After that, he goes back to school.
After reading this book, Rick sits besides the desk to write a letter.
After having dinner, we watch TV.
(2)sometimes副詞，意為“有時”，相當(dāng)于at times。
例如：I sometimes play computer games.(=I play computer games at times.)
My family sometimes go out for dinner.(= My family go out for dinner at times.)
【拓展】辨析:sometimes, some times幾次, sometime某個時候與some time一段時間：
記憶口訣：“有時”相聚加-s，“幾次”分開帶-s， 相聚為“某個時候”，分開為“一段時間”。
例如：The man has gone to Beijing some times.
I will go there sometime in August.
We will meet each other sometime.
It takes some time to read the whole book.
He stayed in Beijing for some time.
3.In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.在晚上，我要么看電視，要么玩電腦游戲。(P. 11)
本句是簡單句，either …or… 連接兩個并列成分。
either作連詞，意為“或者，要么；兩者都（不），既（不）”；作代詞，意為“（兩者之中）任意一個；兩者都（不）”；作副詞，意為“也（不），亦（不）；而且，還”。常構(gòu)成短語：“either …or …要么……要么……；或者……或者……”，使用時如果連接兩個主語，謂語動詞要與or后面的主語保持一致。
例如：Either you or I am right on this question.
Either Tom or his parents cook dinner.
I want to drink either some beer or some juice.
He doesn’t like to listen pop music, either.
---Which color do you like, red or blue?
---Either is ok.
【拓展】作副詞“也”講，用在否定句末加強(qiáng)語氣。注意辨析either, too, also的用法。
單詞
用法
either
否定句，放句末，用逗號隔開。
too
肯定句，放句末，用逗號隔開。
also
肯定句，放句中（be動詞后面，實(shí)義動詞前面）。
例如：She doesn’t like singing, and she doesn’t like dancing, either.
Scott is a student, and Jim is a student, too.
My parents also like shopping online.
Unluckily, she is also late for class.
4. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good! 她知道這對她身體不好，但是它太好吃了。(P. 11)
(1)短語be good for意為“有益處，對……有好處”，后可跟名詞，代詞，動名詞。
例如：Eating fruit is good for our health.
He likes reading books, because he thinks it’s good for him.
They will be good for you.
【拓展】注意辨析：be good at擅長，be good with善于應(yīng)付于。
例如：My brother is good at swimming.
The man is good with children.
(2)taste作實(shí)義動詞，意為“嘗，品嘗”；作感官動詞，意為“嘗起來”，后跟形容詞；亦可作名詞，意為“味道，滋味”。
例如：The fish tastes delicious.
Do you want to taste the fish?
The taste of the fish is delicious.
5. I get home from school at half past four and do my homework. 我四點(diǎn)半從學(xué)校到家，做家庭作業(yè)(P. 12)
短語get home意為“回家，到家”。home作名詞，意為“家，住宅”；作地點(diǎn)副詞，前不加介詞。
例如：I have to stay at home before my mom comes home.
I love my home, because it’s sweet.
【拓展1】get作不及物動詞，意為“到達(dá)”，后需跟to做固定搭配。reach和arrive at/in也可以表示到達(dá)，作同義短語替換。reach為及物動詞，直接跟賓語。arrive為不及物動詞，后跟介詞at（加小地方）或in（加大地方）。
例如：We finally get to/reach/arrive in Chongqing in the evening.
My aunt gives me a call as soon as she gets to/reaches/arrives at bus station.
The monkey gets to/reaches/arrives at the zoo.
【拓展2】home/here/there都可作地點(diǎn)副詞，前不加介詞。
例如：The party is so boring, I want to go home.
Please come here and join us.
I don’t want to go there. It’s scary.
6. You need to brush your teeth after eating to have good teeth. 吃完東西后要刷牙，這樣牙齒才會好。(P. 12)
need意為“需要，必要”?？勺鲗?shí)義動詞，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：“need sb./sth.：需要某人/某物；need (sb.) to do sth.：需要（某人）做某事。”亦可作情態(tài)動詞，后跟動詞原形，多用于否定句和疑問句中。注意在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中的情態(tài)動詞和實(shí)義動詞的變換。
例如： People need air to breath in the earth.
（變否定句） People don’t need air to breath in the earth.
（變一般疑問句） Do people need air to breath in the earth?
（肯定和否定回答）Yes, they do./No, they don’t.
You needn’t do your homework right now.
（變一般疑問句） Need I do my homework right now?
（肯定和否定回答）Yes, you need./No, you needn’t.
7. I don’t have time to clean my room from Monday to Friday. 從星期一到星期五我沒有時間打掃我的房間。(P. 12)
短語have time to do sth.意為“有時間去做某事”。否定的短語有“don’t/doesn’t have time to do sth.”或“have no time to do sth.”
例如： My father has time to help me with my homework.
（否定句）My father doesn’t have time to help me with my homework.
(= My father has no time to help me with my homework.)
The students have time to do exercise.
（否定句）The students don’t have time to do exercise.
(=The students have no time to do exercise.)
二、語法知識清單
（一）時間的表達(dá)(Time)
1.整點(diǎn)法：整點(diǎn)數(shù)（基數(shù)詞）+o'clock，其中o'clock可以省略

例如：8：00～eight (o'clock)八點(diǎn)鐘
6：00～six (o'clock)六點(diǎn)鐘
3：00～three (o'clock)三點(diǎn)鐘
5：00～five (o'clock)五點(diǎn)鐘
9：00～nine (o'clock)九點(diǎn)鐘
12：00～twelve (o'clock)十二點(diǎn)鐘

2.非整點(diǎn)法
（1）順讀法（直接讀法）：鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)+分鐘數(shù)，從左往右依次讀出表示時間的數(shù)字

例如：7：10～seven ten七點(diǎn)十分
6：30～six thirteen 六點(diǎn)半
3：18～three eighteen三點(diǎn)十八分
9：40～nine forty九點(diǎn)四十分
11：55～eleven fifty five十一點(diǎn)五十五分
2：10～two ten兩點(diǎn)十分

（2）逆讀法（間接讀法）：先說分鐘數(shù)再說點(diǎn)鐘數(shù)
①分鐘數(shù)小于30（30分鐘以內(nèi)）時，借用past表示時間，past意為幾點(diǎn)過幾分，即分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)。
例如：8：10～ten past eight八點(diǎn)一十分，八點(diǎn)超過十分鐘
4：13～thirteen past four四點(diǎn)十三分，四點(diǎn)超過十三分鐘
10：20～twenty past ten十點(diǎn)二十分，十點(diǎn)超過二十分鐘
②分鐘數(shù)等于30時，用half表示，half意為幾點(diǎn)半，即分鐘數(shù)+half+鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)。
例如：6：30～half past six六點(diǎn)半，六點(diǎn)超過三十分鐘
3：30～half past three三點(diǎn)半，三點(diǎn)超過三十分鐘
8：30～half past eight八點(diǎn)半，八點(diǎn)超過三十分鐘
③分鐘數(shù)超過30時，用to表示，to意為幾點(diǎn)鐘差幾分鐘，即所差分鐘數(shù)（60-原有分鐘數(shù)）+to+下一時刻（原有鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)+1）。
例如：11:50~ten to twelve十一點(diǎn)五十分，十二點(diǎn)差十分鐘
8：40～twenty to nine八點(diǎn)四十分，九點(diǎn)差二十分鐘
5：56～four to six五點(diǎn)五十六分，六點(diǎn)差四分鐘
注意：當(dāng)分鐘數(shù)等于15時，順讀用fifteen，逆讀用 a quarter past/to +鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)。
例如：9：15——順讀：nine fifteen
——逆讀：a quarter past nine
7：45——順讀：nine fifteen
——逆讀：a quarter to eight
（二）when和what time引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句
1.when和what time的區(qū)別
when：什么時候，既可以用來詢問年月日，（對時間段提問），又可以問具體時間點(diǎn)，（對時間點(diǎn)提問）
what time：什么時候，詢問具體時間點(diǎn)，幾點(diǎn)幾分（對時間點(diǎn)提問）
詢問時間：What time is it？=What's the time？現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了？
回答：It's+時間
例如：①——When is your birthday?你的生日是什么時候？
——It’s on May1st.五月一日
②——What time do you usually get up?(= When do you usually get up?)你通常什么時候起床？
——I usually get up at six thirty.我通常六點(diǎn)半起床
2.句型：What time do/does sb. do sth.?
When do/does sb. do sth.?
（三）三、時間介詞in，on，at的用法
at+具體時刻：幾點(diǎn)幾分（小的時間）
in+年份/月份/季節(jié)/早中晚/固定搭配（大的時間）
on+具體某一天，幾月幾號/星期/某一天的上下午/有形容詞修飾的時間
at seven在七點(diǎn)
at night在在晚上;在夜里
at noon在正午
in 2023在2023年
in July在七月
in summer在夏天
in the morning在早上
on May 1st在五月一日
on Monday在星期一
on Monday afternoon在星期一的下午
on a sunny morning在一個晴朗的早晨逆讀：
三、語篇知識清單
本單元主要話題是談?wù)撟约汉退说娜粘；顒印Ｔ趯懽魃弦髮W(xué)生根據(jù)本單元所學(xué)來寫書信、日記、活動介紹、行程介紹等。同時要求正確使用頻率副詞never, sometimes, usually, always和時間表達(dá)日常生活的習(xí)慣。寫作過程中可以使用時間先后順序敘事，同時注意時態(tài)以及數(shù)詞的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用。
寫作步驟
◆ 步驟一：在第一部分直奔主題，可簡單使用一句話來描述主題。
◆ 步驟二：在第二部分按照時間先后順序講活動或行動介紹完整。
◆ 步驟三：結(jié)尾可用感嘆句進(jìn)行結(jié)尾。
【審清題目】
內(nèi)容：3W——誰（who）在什么時候（what time/when）做了什么事（what）?？辞逡?，不要有遺漏。
文體：日記，記敘文
人稱：第一人稱I或we；第二人稱you；第三人稱he/she/they。
【頭腦風(fēng)暴】

【提供素材】
◆語塊
時間
日常活動
In the morning
I usually get up at six. Then I brush my teeth.
I listen to English in the radio for half an hour.
I have bread or noodles for breakfast.
I often go to school with my sister after breakfast.
In the afternoon
At twelve, I have lunch at school.
After lunch, I sometimes go to the library with my classmates.
I always get home at six o’clock.
I have to do my homework on weekdays.
In the evening
I usually have dinner with my family at eight.
I never watch TV, because it’s not useful for my study.
After dinner, I either read some books or play sports with my family.
I go to bed after brushing my teeth.
◆句型
I usually/never/sometimes/always……, then……
After reading books/having dinner/brushing my teeth, I……
I either…… or……
It’s (not) useful for……
I never……, because it’s……
When I get home, I……
I think it’s useful/healthy/good/important for sb. to……
What a busy/happy/relaxing/lovely day!
What a busy/happy/relaxing/lovely day I have!
How busy/happy/relaxing/lovely the day is!

【謀篇布局】

【點(diǎn)評范文】
1.內(nèi)容：本文章按照時間先后順序詳細(xì)描述了上學(xué)日一天的日常生活。
2.語言：文章靈活地運(yùn)用時刻鐘以及頻率副詞清晰準(zhǔn)備的詳述了從早到晚的日常生活，語言豐富，邏輯清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)清楚。文章中的佳句有時間狀語從句“When I get home, I always do my homework first.”和含并列連詞的“After dinner, I either wash the dishes or read books.”。
例文：
每個人都應(yīng)該熟知自己的媽媽，你的媽媽每天都在忙什么呢？請以“My Mother’s Busy Day”為題，向我們描述一下媽媽一天的活動吧！0詞左右。
要求：條理清晰，表意明確。詞數(shù)80詞左右。
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【思路導(dǎo)航】
文體：記敘文；人稱：第三人稱。
【佳作展示】
My Mother’s Busy Day
My mother is busy every day.
She gets up at six o’clock and then she brushes her teeth. She has breakfast at half past six and she goes to work at seven.
She works for eight hours a day. She gets home at six thirty p.m. Then she cooks dinner for me. After dinner, she sometimes watches TV. But usually, she helps me with my homework. She goes to bed at about twenty to eleven in the evening.
What a busy day my mother has! I love her.
【名師點(diǎn)評】
【高分句型一】
But usually, she helps me with my homework. 但是通常她會幫我做家庭作業(yè)。句型：but表轉(zhuǎn)折，連接讓步狀語從句。
【高分句型二】
What a busy day my mother has! 媽媽的一天真忙碌呀！句型：感嘆句。
【亮點(diǎn)短語】
get up起床；brush her teeth刷牙；have breakfast吃早餐；go to work去上班；at half past six在六點(diǎn)半；for eight hours八小時；get home到家；cook dinner做晚餐；after dinner晚餐后；help me with my homework幫我做家庭作業(yè)；go to bed上床睡覺。

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