?1725.山東省濟(jì)南市萊蕪第一中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期第二次核心素養(yǎng)測評英語試題
學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

第一部分、閱讀理解
Virginia and Maryland are ready to welcome travelers this fall
Fresh air, more affordable prices and abundant fun are only a few of the pleasures and reasons to make plans for a vacation this fall. For those who like to learn something new, these locations are ready to welcome travelers from near and far. So, take some time to relax with the people you love at these incredible locations.
COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA
As the largest living history museum in the country, it immerses visitors in authentic 18th-century experiences. Join strolling musicians for the Lighting of the Cressets on Duke of Gloucester Street, and don’t miss the ghost stories of haunted Williamsburg past and present! All the details you need are available at colonialwilliamsburg.org.
FREDERICK, MARYLAND
Enjoy a vast array of dining options or a tasting at one of more than 39 wineries. Bring back memories with boutique shopping on historic Main Street and dive into American history at nationally recognized historic sites and museums. Learn more about everything Frederick offers at visitfrederick.org.
HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAND
History buffs will be delighted with sights like Antietam National Battlefield. If getting outdoors is a priority, take in the views at five national parks and eight state parks, such as Maryland Heights or High Rock. You can hike, bike and paddle through your days. Fall festivals, corn mazes, and family fun workshops make this the season to visit! Learn more at visithagerstown.com.
KENT COUNTY, MARYLAND
Enjoy seasonal activities from leaf-peeping hikes to tranquil paddling adventures in the Chesapeake Bay. Home to five quaint towns, you’ll enjoy gourmet dining experiences, outdoor adventures, and arts activities. Seasonal events include the Chestertown Jazz Festival on September 9-10; Harry Potter Fest on October 14-15. Visit kentcounty.com/visitors for all the details.
1. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. An encyclopedia. B. A travel magazine. C. A science fiction. D. A research report.
2. What can people do in FREDERICK, MARYLAND?
A. Taste delicious wines. B. Enjoy seasonal activities.
C. Join in musical performance. D. Explore haunted Williamsburg.
3. Which place would you choose to visit if you are attracted to the culture in the 18th century?
A. Fredrick Maryland. B. Colonial Williamsburg.
C. Kent County Maryland. D. Hagerstown Maryland.

Freshman year of high school is a big transition(過渡) for any student.
Luckily, you’re not the only person going through this. and plenty of others have made the transition before you too.
One of the ways in which high school is different from middle school or junior high the most is the higher expectations. You’ll find that you’re expected to keep closer track of your own schedule and responsibilities with fewer people checking up on you. At the same time, your classes are likely to become more challenging, and you might be participating in new school activities as well.
Some students find it hard to keep up with everything at first, which is totally normal. One way to prepare in advance for these higher expectations is to make sure that you have organized schedules in place before you start high school.
Another important skill for meeting these higher expectations is building a strong support network. No matter how strong a student you are, at some point you will need some help. Keeping healthy relationships with your friends and teachers is a great way to make sure that you have people who are willing to help when you need them.
Try to get to know at least some of your teachers beyond your classroom communication. Be an active learner during class and stay after class to ask questions. Take advantage of email or class messaging systems. The better your teachers know you, the better prepared they’ll be to help when you need them.
It’s important for you to keep in mind as you start high school that no one is perfect. Transitions are hard for everyone, and starting high school is a big transition. These challenges provide a great chance to reinvent yourself.
4. In the author’s view, the biggest difference between high school and middle school is ________.
A. different relationships B. the higher expectations
C. high academic achievement D. the higher pressure
5. Which of the following suggestion is not mentioned in the text?
A. Careful schedules. B. Healthy relationships.
C. Using network information. D. Reinventing yourself.
6. Who is the article written for?
A. Students in junior school. B. Teachers in high school.
C. Students in senior one. D. Parents of high school students.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. How to Meet Your Teacher’s High Expectations
B. How to Become an Active Learner in High School
C. What to Prepare to Keep up with Everything in High School
D. How to Get Through the Transition of Freshman Year of High School

For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.
For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.
Both high-intensity(高強(qiáng)度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode(一段經(jīng)歷) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”
Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.
8. How did the researchers reach their conclusion?
A. By analyzing a mass of data.
B. By conducting genetic research.
C. By comparing various levels of activity.
D. By tracking the subjects for many years.
9. What does the study show about depression?
A. Physical activity betters medical treatment.
B. Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it.
C. Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same.
D. Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment.
10. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Harmful. B. Complex.
C. Unusual. D. Common.
11. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To discuss a disease.
B. To introduce a method.
C. To analyze a genetic risk.
D. To explain a phenomenon.

The African penguin lives on St. Croix island off the east coast of South Africa. A new study has found that they are leaving their natural environment to escape noisy ship refueling(補(bǔ)給燃料) activities.
The African penguins once mainly raised babies on this island. But the population has dropped sharply since South Africa started permitting ships in the area to refuel at sea six years ago, the study found.
Lorien Pichegru is acting director of the Coastal and Marine Research Institute at Nelson Mandela University, which led the study. She said the organization had found that noise levels in the area had doubled since the refueling activities began. Scientists say high noise levels affect the ability of penguins to find and catch other animals for food. Noise also makes it more difficult for them to communicate with each other and map travel paths. ?“This year we are at 1,200 breeding pairs at St Croix from 8,500 pairs in 2016,” Pichegru said.
The study recently appeared in the publication Science of the Total Environment. The researchers said the study is the first to explore the effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on a seabird.
Nelson Mandela University’s study collected some data to estimate underwater noise from passing ships. Oil-covered penguins were found in 2019 in Algoa Bay after an oil spill from ship-to-ship refueling. Environmental groups have called for the activities to be banned in the bay.
Pichegru said penguins in the area were already struggling to survive because of a series of issues, including industrial fishing activities. She added that the refueling activities did not kill all the penguins. However, ?“It was just the thing that made the whole ecology tip over and then the penguins couldn’t cope with that,” she said.
12. What has the new study found about penguins?
A. They have difficulty in raising babies. B. They can get used to noisy ships easily.
C. Their population is on the increase. D. They are forced to leave the natural environment.
13. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The value of Lorien Pichegru’s job. B. The importance of ship refueling activities.
C. The ability of Penguins to find food. D. Bad effects of noises on Penguins.
14. What might Pichegru agree with?
A. The penguins should be put in control.
B. Fishing activities should be greatly encouraged.
C. Refueling activities should be strictly managed.
D. The penguins should develop their survival abilities.
15. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A textbook. D. A magazine.


二、七選五
What is the best sleep position for your health?
It’s difficult to control what sleeping position we naturally fall into, as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position for us. However, some positions are better for you than others and some could hold back your health and wellbeing. ____16____
If you sleep on your side
More than 60 per cent of people sleep on their side. Often our body naturally moves to this position, which is linked to when we were in the womb in the foetal(胎兒的) position. ____17____ It offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment(脊椎對齊) which can help to prevent back pain to reducing heartburn and snoring(打鼾).
If you sleep on your back
Lying on your back is the second most popular sleeping position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping. When you’re sleeping on your back, it’s easy to keep alignment and to also evenly distribute your weight. ____18____
If you sleep on your stomach
Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleeping position. ____19____ And those who sleep on their stomach could put themselves at risk of a less restful night’s sleep. The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up.
____20____ You should consider various factors such as if you snore or suffer sleep problems, or if you often have back and neck pain. Side sleeping has been noted as the best position for the body, so this is probably one to try and get into the habit of trying, but again, it all depends on you.
A. This also helps to prevent any neck and back pain.
B. Sleeping on your side is probably the best position.
C. Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people.
D. There are more negatives to this position compared to positives.
E. Determining the sleeping position for you is personal preference.
F. Here, this article reveals exactly how your sleep position is affecting your health.
G. This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleeping positions.


三、完形填空
One day, my son Ryan said, ?“I’m going to keep working until everyone in Africa has clean water.” I thought, oh, boy! But I’d heard about encouraging children to be ___21___ and dream big dreams. So I didn’t want to say that he couldn’t make a ___22___.
At first, he planned to make money to build a ___23___ in Africa. But when he ___24___ his first $70 made by doing chores in neighborhood to a charity(慈善機(jī)構(gòu)), he was told that it actually ___25___ $2,000 to build a well. It was a lot of money, but Ryan didn’t ___26___. He persuaded his classmates and neighbors to give money. And I wrote to the local newspaper to make his story go ___27___. After several months, Ryan had ___28___ the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school ___29___ needed to walk for hours to get water. They were ____30____ to him and invited him to visit.
In Uganda, Ryan saw the well with his own eyes and hundreds of students who had turned out to ____31____ him. Seeing that he really had ____32____ these children, he broke into a ____33____ smile.
Now there is a Ryan’s Well Foundation. His dream has ____34____ the lives of so many people, though most of whom we will never meet. Ryan has shown me what the ____35____ of dreams can do.
21. A. free B. confident C. friendly D. curious
22. A. decision B. impression C. difference D. fortune
23. A. well B. house C. factory D. facility
24. A. lent B. paid C. gave D. showed
25. A. cost B. offered C. wasted D. acquired
26. A. carry on B. turn up C. go all out D. give up
27. A. public B. wrong C. ahead D. crazy
28. A. borrowed B. saved C. delivered D. raised
29. A. still B. even C. no longer D. always
30. A. kind B. thankful C. generous D. responsible
31. A. praise B. memorize C. contact D. welcome
32. A. helped B. improved C. troubled D. recognized
33. A. confusing B. calm C. joyful D. bitter
34. A. proved B. started C. reflected D. changed
35. A. habit B. power C. award D. challenge


語法填空
In order to limit damage to Egyptian architecture and prevent the loss of cultural relics, a committee ____36____ (establish). Different departments were expected to make their contributions to the protection of the cultural heritage. Great efforts have also been made by experts and scientists who put forward a proposal for ____37____ these buildings could be saved. After all parties came to ____38____ agreement, a document was signed and the work began in 1960.
語法填空
The Tibetan antelopes experienced a tough time during 1980s and 1990s. On one hand, their population has greatly decreased due to frequent hunting. On the other hand, their ____39____ (live) environment was shrinking under the construction of new roads and railways. In order to save this species from ____40____ (extinct), the Chinese government decided to put it under the national protection. Zhaxi, ____41____ is a villager as well as a volunteer in Changtang, kept a careful watch over these antelopes day and night. Moreover, bridges and gates were used for their free movement and safe environment.

語法填空
China is known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times, ____42____ many ups and downs in the history. One of the key factors has been the Chinese writing system which can date back to the use of longgu ____43____ symbols were carved. Nowadays, Chinese characters are of great importance not only because they serve as a communication tool, but also unite Chinese people and culture. ____44____ China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning ____45____ (appreciate) Chinese culture through this amazing language.


單詞拼寫
46. Mr. Yuan Longping received several international awards for his great c________ to the world’s agriculture.
47. Some animals have a remarkable ability to a________ to changing environments.
48. I’m Lily, a senior student from Shandong University, m________ in medicine.
49. Active measures taken by the government have greatly p________ the spread of the disease.
50. Faced with such an emergency, the policy will be put into action i________.
51. The soldier was badly wounded but he________ (掙扎，奮斗) to his feet.
52. The young lady gave the police a very detailed ________ (描述) of the robber.
53. In today’s society, you need to have ________ (特定的) skills to make a living.
54. They________ (原諒) him for his rudeness at the meeting yesterday.
55. It’s ________ (不合法的) to read other people’s private letters without permission.

書面表達(dá)
目前新冠病毒肆虐，很多人感染了新冠病毒。假設(shè)你是高中生李明，現(xiàn)得知你的美國筆友Jack最近對新冠病毒深感恐懼，他很焦慮不知如何應(yīng)對。請你給他發(fā)一封email，指導(dǎo)他做好個人防護(hù)。
具體內(nèi)容包括：1. 安慰；2. 具體建議（心理方面，日常防護(hù)……）
提示：感染 be infected with
字?jǐn)?shù)：80詞左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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參考答案：
1. B????2. A????3. B
這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了弗吉尼亞州和馬里蘭州幾個供游客放松的地點(diǎn)及其相關(guān)信息。
1. 推理判斷題。由標(biāo)題“Virginia and Maryland are ready to welcome travelers this fall（弗吉尼亞州和馬里蘭州準(zhǔn)備在今年秋天迎接游客）”，第一段“Fresh air, more affordable prices and abundant fun are only a few of the pleasures and reasons to make plans for a vacation this fall. For those who like to learn something new, these locations are ready to welcome travelers from near and far. So, take some time to relax with the people you love at these incredible locations.（新鮮的空氣、更實惠的價格和豐富的樂趣只是計劃今年秋天度假的幾個樂趣和理由。對于那些喜歡學(xué)習(xí)新東西的人來說，這些地方已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好迎接遠(yuǎn)近游客。所以，在這些令人難以置信的地方，花點(diǎn)時間和你愛的人放松一下）”和下文幾個地點(diǎn)可知，文章介紹了弗吉尼亞州和馬里蘭州幾個供游客放松的地點(diǎn)，可得出文章可能取自旅游雜志。故B選項。
2. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由FREDERICK, MARYLAND中的“Enjoy a vast array of dining options or a tasting at one of more than 39 wineries.（您可以在超過39家葡萄酒莊中的一個酒莊享受豐富的餐飲選擇或品嘗）”可知，在FREDERICK，MARYLAND，人們可以品嘗美味的葡萄酒。故選A項。
3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由COLONIAL WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA中的“As the largest living history museum in the country, it immerses visitors in authentic 18th-century experiences.（作為該國最大的活歷史博物館，它讓游客沉浸在真實的18世紀(jì)體驗中）”可知，如果你被18世紀(jì)的文化所吸引，你會選擇去Colonial Williamsburg。故選B項。
4. B????5. D????6. C????7. D
本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了高一時期對任何新生來說都是一個很大的轉(zhuǎn)變，然后介紹了初中和高中的不同并對新的高中生活提出建議。文章旨在引導(dǎo)高一新生積極適應(yīng)新環(huán)境，并且掌握正確有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法。
4. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“One of the ways in which high school is different from middle school or junior high the most is the higher expectations.（高中與初中和初中最大的區(qū)別之一就是更高的期望）”可知，高中與初中最大的不同就是被給予的期望更高。故選B。
5. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句中的“to make sure that you have organized schedules（以確保你有組織的時間表）”可知，高一新生需要有序地安排日程表，可排除A項；第五段第三句中的“Keeping healthy relationships with your friends and teachers（與你的朋友和老師保持健康的關(guān)系）”說明要和朋友、老師保持健康的關(guān)系，排除B項；由第六段第三句“Take advantage of email or class messaging systems.（利用電子郵件或課堂信息系統(tǒng)）”可知，學(xué)生可以利用電子郵件或課堂信息系統(tǒng)，排除C項。最后一段最后一句“provide a great chance to reinvent yourself（提供一個重塑自我的好機(jī)會）”可知，我們有機(jī)會重塑自己，與建議無關(guān)。故選D。
6. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’s important for you to keep in mind as you start high school that no one is perfect. Transitions are hard for everyone, and starting high school is a big transition. These challenges provide a great chance to reinvent yourself.（當(dāng)你開始上高中時，重要的是要記住沒有人是完美的。轉(zhuǎn)變對每個人來說都很難，開始高中生活是一個巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變。這些挑戰(zhàn)提供了一個重塑自我的好機(jī)會）”可知，本文是寫給剛剛開始上高中的高一學(xué)生的。故選C。
7. 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段“Freshman year of high school is a big transition(過渡) for any student.（高中一年級對任何學(xué)生來說都是一個巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變）”可知，高中一年級對任何學(xué)生來說都是一個巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變，下文接著介紹了如何應(yīng)對這一轉(zhuǎn)變。由此可知，How to Get Through the Transition of Freshman Year of High School（如何度過高中一年級的過渡期）適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。
8. A????9. B????10. D????11. B
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關(guān)于鍛煉有助于減少和預(yù)防抑郁癥的研究。
8. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them.”（在這項研究中，研究人員收集了近8000人的信息，在對他們進(jìn)行檢查后發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些擁有相關(guān)基因的人在未來兩年更有可能患上抑郁癥。）可知，研究者們收集和研究了近8000人的信息。由此可推知，他們是通過分析大量資料來得出結(jié)論的。故選A項。
9. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，尤其是“On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”（“平均來說，每天多做35分鐘的體育鍛煉可以幫助人們降低患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險，防止未來抑郁發(fā)作。”）可知，該研究表明體育鍛煉可以幫助人們降低患抑郁癥的風(fēng)險并防止未來抑郁癥的發(fā)作。故選B項。
10. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前提到抑郁癥是一種常見的精神疾病，全球超過2.64億人患抑郁癥，再結(jié)合劃線詞后的“that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,”（這突顯出需要有效的方法來影響盡可能多的人）可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)抑郁癥的普遍性，劃線詞意思與common“常見的，普遍的”接近。故選D項。
11. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段的“For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise.”（對于患有抑郁癥的人來說，他們應(yīng)該采用一種純天然的治療方法——多鍛煉）可知，全文主要講的是鍛煉有助于減少和預(yù)防抑郁癥的發(fā)生。由此可知，本文寫作目的是介紹一種減少和預(yù)防抑郁癥的策略。故選B項。
12. D????13. D????14. C????15. D
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是最近發(fā)表在《全環(huán)境科學(xué)》雜志上的一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)為了逃避嘈雜的船舶加油活動，生活在南非東海岸附近的圣克羅伊島的非洲企鵝正在離開它們的自然環(huán)境。
12. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The African penguin lives on St. Croix island off the east coast of South Africa. A new study has found that they are leaving their natural environment to escape noisy ship refueling(補(bǔ)給燃料) activities.（這種非洲企鵝生活在南非東海岸的圣克羅伊島。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們正在離開他們的自然環(huán)境，以逃避嘈雜的船舶加油活動。）”可知研究發(fā)現(xiàn)為了躲避嘈雜的噪音，企鵝們被迫離開了它們的自然環(huán)境。故選D項。
13. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“She said the organization had found that noise levels in the area had doubled since the refueling activities began. Scientists say high noise levels affect the ability of penguins to find and catch other animals for food. Noise also makes it more difficult for them to communicate with each other and map travel paths.（她說，該組織發(fā)現(xiàn)，自加油活動開始以來，該地區(qū)的噪音水平翻了一番?？茖W(xué)家表示，高噪音水平會影響企鵝尋找和捕捉其他動物作為食物的能力。噪音也使它們之間的交流和繪制旅行路線變得更加困難。）”可知文章第三段主要講的是噪音對于企鵝的不好影響。故選D項。
14. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Pichegru said penguins in the area were already struggling to survive because of a series of issues, including industrial fishing activities. She added that the refueling activities did not kill all the penguins. However, ‘It was just the thing that made the whole ecology tip over and then the penguins couldn’t cope with that,’ she said.（Pichegru說，由于工業(yè)捕魚活動等一系列問題，該地區(qū)的企鵝已經(jīng)難以生存。她補(bǔ)充說，加油活動并沒有殺死所有的企鵝。然而，‘這是一件讓整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰的事情，而企鵝無法應(yīng)對，’她說。）”可以推斷Pichegru認(rèn)為嘈雜的船舶加油活動是一件最終會讓企鵝的無法面對的事情，所以她應(yīng)該贊同對這一類活動進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格管理。故選C項。
15. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The study recently appeared in the publication Science of the Total Environment. The researchers said the study is the first to explore the effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on a seabird.（這項研究最近發(fā)表在《全環(huán)境科學(xué)》雜志上。研究人員表示，這項研究是首次探索海洋交通噪音污染對海鳥的影響。）”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講的是一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)為了逃避嘈雜的船舶加油活動，生活在南非東海岸附近的圣克羅伊島的非洲企鵝正在離開它們的自然環(huán)境，所以文章最有可能出自一篇雜志。故選D項。
16. F????17. B????18. A????19. D????20. E
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了幾種睡姿對人健康的影響。
16. 由下文小標(biāo)題“If you sleep on your side（如果你側(cè)臥著睡覺）”,“If you sleep on your back（如果你仰臥著睡覺）”和“If you sleep on your stomach（如果你趴著睡覺）”可知，后文作者就不同睡覺姿勢進(jìn)行了分析。而F項Here, this article reveals exactly how your sleep position is affecting your health.（在這里，這篇文章揭示了你的睡眠姿勢是如何影響你的健康的。）符合語境，有啟下作用，其中sleep position和下文小標(biāo)題。故選F項。
17. 由下文“It offers a number of benefits to your body, from promoting healthy spine alignment(脊椎對齊) which can help to prevent back pain to reducing heartburn and snoring（打鼾）.（它給你的身體帶來了很多好處，從促進(jìn)健康的脊椎對齊，有助于防止背痛，到減少胃灼熱和打鼾。）”可知，側(cè)睡有很多好處，而B項Sleeping on your side is probably the best position.（側(cè)臥可能是最好的姿勢。）符合語境，其中Sleeping on your side與小標(biāo)題If you sleep on your side對應(yīng)，the best position和后文a number of benefits對應(yīng)。故選B項。
18. 由上文“When you’re sleeping on your back, it’s easy to keep alignment and to also evenly distribute your weight.（當(dāng)你仰臥著睡覺時，很容易保持身體勻稱，也很容易均勻地分配體重。）”可知，這里講仰臥著睡覺的一個好處，而A項This also helps to prevent any neck and back pain.（這也有助于防止任何頸部和背部疼痛。）符合語境，This代指前面sleeping on your back，also表明這里接著上面講臥著睡覺的另一個好處，有承上作用。故選A項。
19. 由下文“And those who sleep on their stomach could put themselves at risk of a less restful night’s sleep.（而那些趴著睡覺的人可能會讓自己晚上睡得不安穩(wěn)。）”可知，這里講趴著睡覺的壞處，而D項There are more negatives to this position compared to positives.（與積極因素相比，這一睡覺方式的消極因素更多。）符合語境，其中negatives和下文舉例內(nèi)容對應(yīng)，有啟下作用。故選D項。
20. 由后文“You should consider various factors such as if you snore or suffer sleep problems, or if you often have back and neck pain. Side sleeping has been noted as the best position for the body, so this is probably one to try and get into the habit of trying, but again, it all depends on you.（你應(yīng)該考慮各種因素，比如你是否打鼾或有睡眠問題，或者你是否經(jīng)常背部和頸部疼痛。側(cè)睡被認(rèn)為是對身體最好的姿勢，所以這可能是一種嘗試并養(yǎng)成嘗試的習(xí)慣，但這一切都取決于你。）”可知，作者建議讀者根據(jù)自身情況決定睡姿。而E項Determining the sleeping position for you is personal preference.（確定你的睡姿是個人喜好。）符合語境，其中Determining the sleeping position和后文it all depends on you對應(yīng)。故選E項。

21. B????22. C????23. A????24. C????25. A????26. D????27. A????28. D????29. C????30. B????31. D????32. A????33. C????34. D????35. B
這是一篇記敘文。瑞恩有一個夢想，那就是要讓非洲的孩子們喝上干凈的水，而這在當(dāng)初的我看來是不可能的，但瑞恩憑借著堅持不懈的努力最終夢想成真，這也讓我見證了夢想的力量是多么偉大。
21. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我聽說過鼓勵孩子們要自信，要有遠(yuǎn)大的夢想。A. free免費(fèi)的；B. confident自信的；C. friendly友好的；D. curious好奇的。根據(jù)空前的“But I’d heard about encouraging children to be”以及空后“and dream big dreams. So I didn’t want to say that he couldn’t make a ___2___.”可知，作者聽說過要鼓勵孩子自信且有遠(yuǎn)大夢想。故選B項。
22. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：所以我不想說他不會有所作為。A. decision決定；B. impression印象；C. difference影響；D. fortune命運(yùn)。根據(jù)前文“I thought, oh, boy! But I’d heard about encouraging children to be ___1___ and dream big dreams. So I didn’t want to say that he couldn’t make a”可知，作者覺得兒子的夢想不現(xiàn)實，所以在作者看來兒子不會有所作為。make a difference意為“有影響，起作用”。故選C項。
23. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，他打算賺錢在非洲打一口井。A. well井；B. house房子；C. factory工廠；D. facility設(shè)施。根據(jù)后文“he was told that it actually ___5___ $2,000 to build a well.”可知，Ryan打算賺錢打一口井。故選A項。
24. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，當(dāng)他把在社區(qū)做雜務(wù)賺來的第一筆70美元捐給一個慈善機(jī)構(gòu)時，他被告知打一口井實際上要花2000美元。A. lent借給；B. paid償還；C. gave給；D. showed展示。根據(jù)后文“his first $70 made by doing chores in neighborhood to a charity(慈善機(jī)構(gòu)), he was told that it actually ___5___ $2,000 to build a well.”可知，兒子把自己賺的70美元捐給了當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)。故選C項。
25. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，當(dāng)他把在社區(qū)做雜務(wù)賺來的第一筆70美元捐給一個慈善機(jī)構(gòu)時，他被告知打一口井實際上要花2000美元。A. cost花費(fèi)；B. offered提供；C. wasted浪費(fèi)；D. acquired獲得。根據(jù)空前“he was told that it actually”以空后“$2,000 to build a well. It was a lot of money,”可知，打一口井的費(fèi)用是2000美元。故選A項。
26. 考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這是一大筆錢，但瑞恩沒有放棄。A. carry on繼續(xù)；B. turn up出現(xiàn)；C. go all out全力以赴；D. give up放棄。根據(jù)后文“He persuaded his classmates and neighbors to give money.”可知，雖然被告知打一口井的費(fèi)用是2000美元，但瑞恩沒有放棄，而是繼續(xù)勸服其他人來捐錢。故選D項。
27. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我給當(dāng)?shù)氐膱蠹垖懶?，想把他的故事公布于眾?A. public公共的；B. wrong錯誤的；C. ahead向前的；D. crazy瘋狂的。根據(jù)空前“And I wrote to the local newspaper to make his story go”以及后文“After several months, Ryan had ___8___ the $2,000,”可知，作者希望通過媒體公開報道這件事來幫助他。go public意為“公開宣布”。故選A項。
28. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個月后，瑞恩籌到了2000美元，用這筆錢在烏干達(dá)的一所小學(xué)附近打了一口井。A. borrowed借；B. saved拯救；C. delivered遞送；D. raised籌集。根據(jù)空前的“He persuaded his classmates and neighbors to give money. And I wrote to the local newspaper to make his story go ___7___. After several months, Ryan had”以及空后“the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.”可知，瑞恩籌集到了2000美元。故選D項。
29. 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)校里的孩子們不再需要走幾個小時去取水。A. still依舊；B. even甚至；C. no longer不再；D. always總是。根據(jù)空前“After several months, Ryan had ___8___ the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school”及空后“needed to walk for hours to get water.”可知，因為烏干達(dá)的一所小學(xué)附近有了一口井，所以孩子們不用再步行幾個小時去取水。故選C項。
30. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們很感激他，并邀請他去參觀。A. kind友好的；B. thankful感激的；C. generous慷慨的；D. responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的；有責(zé)任的。根據(jù)前文“After several months, Ryan had ___8___ the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. The children at the school ___9___ needed to walk for hours to get water.”可知因為瑞恩的努力烏干達(dá)的一所小學(xué)附近終于有了一口井，所以孩子們不用再步行幾個小時去取水，可以推測孩子必定對他很感激。故選B項。
31. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在烏干達(dá)，瑞安親眼看到了這口井，還有數(shù)百名學(xué)生出來歡迎他。A. praise表揚(yáng)；B. memorize記?。籆. contact聯(lián)系；聯(lián)絡(luò)；D. welcome歡迎。根據(jù)前文“They were ___10___ to him and invited him to visit.”可知孩子們邀請瑞恩去參觀這口井，所以孩子們一定會歡迎他的到來。故選D項。
32. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看到自己真的幫助了這些孩子，他露出了愉快的微笑。A. helped幫助；B. improved提高；C. troubled麻煩；D. recognized識別；承認(rèn)。根據(jù)前文“After several months, Ryan had ___8___ the $2,000, with which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.”以及“In Uganda, Ryan saw the well with his own eyes”可知在瑞恩的努力下，當(dāng)?shù)睾⒆觽兘K于有了一口井，所以瑞恩真的幫到了當(dāng)?shù)氐暮⒆觽?。故選A項。
33. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：看到自己真的幫助了這些孩子，他露出了愉快的微笑。A. confusing困惑的；B. calm 鎮(zhèn)靜的；C. joyful開心的；D. bitter苦的。根據(jù)前文“Seeing that he really had ___12___ these children,”可知當(dāng)瑞恩看到自己真的幫助了那些孩子的時候，他一定是開心的。故選C項。
34. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他的夢想改變了很多人的生活，盡管他們中的大多數(shù)人我們永遠(yuǎn)也見不到。A. proved證明；B. started開始；C. reflected反映；D. changed改變。根據(jù)前文“Now there is a Ryan’s Well Foundation. His dream has”以及空后“the lives of so many people, though most of whom we will never meet. Ryan has shown me what the ___15___ of dreams can do.”可知，瑞恩的夢想讓很多人的生活隨之改變。故選D項。
35. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：瑞恩向我展示了夢想的力量。A. habit習(xí)慣；B. power力量；C. award獎?wù)?；D. challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)前文“Now there is a Ryan’s Well Foundation. His dream has ___14___ the lives of so many people, though most of whom we will never meet.”可知，瑞恩最初不被我看好的夢想最終改變了很多人的生活，而這是我最初沒有意料到的，所以說瑞恩讓我見證了夢想的力量。故選B。
36. was established????37. how????38. an
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹埃及為減少對建筑的破壞所作的努力。
36. 考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：為了減少對埃及建筑的破壞，防止文物的流失，成立了一個委員會。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少謂語動詞。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。主語a committee與establish之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填was established。
37. 考查名詞性從句。句意：專家和科學(xué)家也做出了巨大的努力，提出了如何拯救這些建筑的建議。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為賓語從句。從句缺少方式狀語，所以用連接副詞how引導(dǎo)。故填how。
38. 考查冠詞。句意：在各方達(dá)成協(xié)議后，簽署了一份文件，并于1960年開始工作。come to an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議。故填an。
39. living????40. extinction????41. who
這是一篇說明文。講述了藏羚羊在20世紀(jì)80年代和90年代經(jīng)歷了一段艱難的時期。
1. 考查形容詞。句意：另一方面，隨著新公路和鐵路的建設(shè)，他們的生活環(huán)境正在萎縮。分析可知，空處在句中為定語，修飾名詞environment，應(yīng)用形容詞living，意為“居住的，生活的”，故填living。
2. 考查名詞。句意：為了挽救這一物種免于滅絕，中國政府決定將其列入國家保護(hù)范圍。介詞后跟名詞作賓語，空前from為介詞，所以此處用名詞extinction，故填extinction。
3. 考查定語從句。句意：扎西是羌塘的一名村民，也是一名志愿者，他日夜嚴(yán)密地監(jiān)視著這些羚羊。分析句子可知，“________ is a villager as well as a volunteer in Changtang,”為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Zhaxi，指人，在從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞who，故填who。
42. despite????43. where????44. As????45. to appreciate
本文是說明文。文章介紹了中國的書寫系統(tǒng)龍骨符號。
42. 考查介詞。句意：中國以其古老的文明而聞名，它一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)代，盡管在歷史上經(jīng)歷了許多起伏。根據(jù)“continue all the way”和“many ups and downs in the history”可知，上下文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，盡管有起伏，但一直延續(xù)至今，用介詞despite引導(dǎo)讓步狀語，意為“盡管”。故填despite。
43. 考查定語從句。句意：其中一個關(guān)鍵因素是中國的書寫系統(tǒng)，它可以追溯到刻有符號的龍骨的使用。空格后是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞longgu，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，表示“在龍骨上”，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填where。
44. 考查連詞。句意：隨著中國在全球事務(wù)中發(fā)揮越來越大的作用，越來越多的國際學(xué)生開始通過這門神奇的語言欣賞中國文化。根據(jù)“ an increasing number of international students are beginning ____4____ (appreciate) ”可知，越來越多國際學(xué)生欣賞中國文化，是隨著中國在全球事務(wù)中作用越來越大，as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“隨著”。故填A(yù)s。
45. 考查非謂語動詞。句意：隨著中國在全球事務(wù)中發(fā)揮越來越大的作用，越來越多的國際學(xué)生開始通過這門神奇的語言欣賞中國文化。“開始做某事”begin to do，用動詞不定式作賓語。故填to appreciate。
46. contributions/ontributions/contribution/ontribution
考查名詞。句意：袁隆平先生因?qū)κ澜甾r(nóng)業(yè)的巨大貢獻(xiàn)而獲得多項國際獎項。結(jié)合句意和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)使用名詞contribution作賓語，意為“貢獻(xiàn)”，可數(shù)名詞，句中可理解為單數(shù)，也可理解為復(fù)數(shù)。故填contributions或contribution。
47. adapt/dapt
考查動詞。句意：有些動物具有非凡的適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的能力。adapt to doing sth.適應(yīng)做某事。名詞ability后接不定式作定語，所以to后接動詞原形。根據(jù)首字母提示及句意，故填adapt。
48. majoring/ajoring
考查非謂語動詞。句意：我叫莉莉，山東大學(xué)大四學(xué)生，我主修醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，空格處需要表示“主修”對應(yīng)的動詞major的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，表示主動和正在進(jìn)行的動作，是主語I主動發(fā)出的動作，作狀語。故填majoring。
49. prevented/revented
考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：政府采取的積極措施極大地阻止了疾病的傳播。由“Active measures taken by the government”和“the spread of the disease”可知，句子表示“政府采取的積極措施極大地阻止了疾病的傳播”，空格處意為“阻止”，由首字母提示p可知，是prevent，由have可知，句子時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時，空格處填過去分詞，故填prevented。
50. immediately/mmediately
考查副詞。句意：面對這樣的緊急情況，這項政策將立即付諸實施。根據(jù)句意和首字母提示可知，應(yīng)使用副詞immediately“立即，馬上”作狀語，修飾動詞短語put into action。故填immediately。
51. struggled
考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：那個士兵受了重傷，但他掙扎著站了起來?！皰暝?，奮斗”是struggle，由was可知，句子時態(tài)用一般過去時，空格處用過去式，故填struggled。
52. description/account
考查名詞。句意：這位女士向警察詳細(xì)地描述了強(qiáng)盜。由a detailed修飾，應(yīng)用名詞單數(shù)。根據(jù)漢語提示，故填description/account。
53. specific
考查形容詞。在當(dāng)今社會，你需要有特定的技能才能謀生。根據(jù)漢語提示“特定的”，結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處填形容詞specific作skills的前置定語。故填specific。
54. forgave
考查動詞和時態(tài)。句意：他們原諒他昨天在會上的無禮。動詞forgive“原諒”，空處在句中為謂語，結(jié)合句中時間狀語yesterday可知，空處的時態(tài)為一般過去時。所以用過去式forgave，故填forgave。
55. illegal
考查形容詞。句意：未經(jīng)允許看別人的私人信件是違法的。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，illegal不合法的，形容詞作表語，符合題意。故填illegal。
Dear Jack,
Thanks for your email. Recently, many people have been infected with Covid-19, causing great panic. But you needn’t be too concerned about it and I’d like to give you some practical suggestions, which will surely help you a lot.
Firstly, what I want to stress most is that you should keep calm and positive. As we all know, keeping a good mind state is the most important to defeat the virus. Secondly, better self-protection is needed. For example, you’d better wear N95 masks, avoid gathering, wash hands more and prepare some medicine in advance. In addition, eating more fruits and vegetables and drinking more water can’t be forgotten. Of course, proper amount of exercise is necessary to improve our immune system.
Do follow my advice, protect yourself wisely and everything will be Ok.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求寫郵件告知筆友Jack在疫情期間如何防護(hù)。
1. 詞匯積累
引起：cause→lead to
擔(dān)憂：be concerned about→be worried about
強(qiáng)調(diào)：stress→emphasize
此外：in addition→what’s more
2. 句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Proper amount of exercise is necessary to improve our immune system.
拓展句：Proper amount of exercise is necessary, which can improve our immune system.
高分句型1：I’d like to give you some practical suggestions, which will surely help you a lot.（運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）
高分句型2：Firstly, what I want to stress most is that you should keep calm and positive.（運(yùn)用了what引導(dǎo)的主語從句和that引導(dǎo)的表語從句）

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