學(xué)科英語年級(jí)/冊(cè)七年級(jí)(上)教材版本人教版課題名稱《可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞》難點(diǎn)名稱掌握可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法難點(diǎn)分析從知識(shí)角度分析為什么難可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。從學(xué)生角度分析為什么難特殊可數(shù)名詞常考復(fù)數(shù)難點(diǎn)教學(xué)方法課件展示,講解陳述,練習(xí)鞏固教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)教學(xué)過程導(dǎo)入首先在PPT中導(dǎo)入學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo),了解和辨認(rèn)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的概念,再引入一些其它圖片。知識(shí)講解(難點(diǎn)突破)一、名詞的概念:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞。二、名詞的分類:名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞。(一) 普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù),也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。 可數(shù)名詞包括個(gè)體名詞(表示一類人或物的個(gè)體,如:girl;desk;dog;window; book;pen等)和集體名詞(由若干個(gè)體組成的集合體,如:family;class;people等)。 不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物,如:water;paper;silk;honey;cream;money等)和抽象名詞(表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念,如:work;happiness;music;difficulty;beauty; youth;poverty等)。(二) 專有名詞表示個(gè)人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等,如:Tom;the Great Wall;the Spring Festival;France;China;Christmas等。三、名詞的數(shù):(一) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種:1. 規(guī)則變化:(1) 一般情況下,在詞尾加s。例如:book—books;hat—hats;pencil—pencils;girl—girls 以清輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后的s的讀音為/s/,以濁輔音和元音結(jié)尾名詞后的s讀音為/z/。 在/p//t//k//f/等清輔音后→/s/:cups;cats;books;photographs 在/b//d//g//v/等濁輔音后→/z/:cards;bags;knives;labs;lions(2)以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),要在詞尾加-es。例如:beach—beaches,brush—brushes,bus—buses,box—boxes,class—classes, glass—glasses,lunch—lunches(3)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,先變y為i,再加-es。例如:baby—babiescity—cities,family—families,country—countries,strawberry—strawberries(ies讀音為[iz])注意:以“元音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的詞,直接在詞尾加-s。例如:holidays;days;plays;ways;donkeys;boys;toys(4)以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),先把f或fe變?yōu)?/span>v,再加-es。例如:wife—wives,leaf—leaves,half—halves,knife—knives,thief—thievesshelf—shelves(ves讀音為[vz])2. 不規(guī)則變化:(1)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,一般在詞尾加-s。例如:zoo—zoos; radio—radios; photo—photos; piano—pianos, kangaroo—kangaroos而有些在詞尾加-es,它們是“黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿”。negro—negroes; hero—heroes; potato—potatoes; tomato—tomatoes(2)有些名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),不是在詞尾加s或es,而是變換其中的字母。例如:man—men;woman—women;policeman—policemen;Englishman—Englishmen;Frenchman—Frenchmen;foot—feet; tooth—teeth; child—children;mouse—mice;ox—oxen(公牛)(3) 還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。例如:Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese;sheep—sheep;deer—deer(4) 復(fù)合名詞:① 前面的名詞是man或woman,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞的兩個(gè)名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:man teacher—men teachers; woman driver—women drivers② 如果是其他詞,變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:boy student—boy students;apple tree—apple trees③與介詞或副詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)在主體名詞部分加-s。例如:brother-in-law — brothers-in-law;passer-by — passers-by?!?/span>(5) 有些以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞直接加s變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如:roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs(6)某國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù) 口訣:中日不變英法變,其余s加后面。例如:Chinese(中國(guó)人)—Chinese; Japanese(日本人)—JapaneseEnglishman(英國(guó)人)—Englishmen;Frenchman(法國(guó)人)—Frenchmen German(德國(guó)人)—Germans;American(美國(guó)人)—Americans(7)有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:glasses眼鏡;clothes衣服;goods貨物;trousers褲子(8)集體名詞的數(shù):①有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù),如:people;cattle;police②有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù),單數(shù)看作整體,復(fù)數(shù)看作集體的各個(gè)成員。例如:This family is a big family.My family are watching TV.There are 50 students in this class. The class are listening to their teacher.(二) 不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是可以用一些量詞來表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。(1)表不定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用much,(a)1ittle,a lot of/lots of,some,any等詞修飾。例如:much money;a little bread;a lot of ice cream;some juice(2) 表確定數(shù)量時(shí),一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)可以把前面的量詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。例如:a bottle of milk;a glass of water; a can of beer; a piece of paper;two bottles of milk;two pieces of paper; two glasses of water注意:我們也可用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。例如:a box of oranges;two bags of books;a room of students(三)有些詞,單數(shù)形式和復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞義不同,需特別注意。例如:sand沙—sands沙灘;chicken雞肉—a chicken小雞;orange橘汁—an orange橘子;room空間、余地—a room房間;good(好處,益處)—goods(貨物); custom(風(fēng)俗) —customs(海關(guān));spirit(精神) —spirits(情緒);manner(方式) —manners(禮貌);force—forces(武裝力量);communication(通訊)—communications(通訊系統(tǒng),通訊工具);cloth(布)—clothes(衣服);content(內(nèi)容) —contents(目錄);convenience(便利)—conveniences(便利設(shè)備);humanity(人類)—humanities(人文科學(xué));necessity(需要) —necessities(必需品);pain(疼痛)—pains(辛勞);ruin(毀滅)—ruins(廢墟,遺跡);wood(木材)—woods(樹林);work(工作)—works(工廠,著作);air—airs(架子,神氣)。課堂練習(xí)(難點(diǎn)鞏固)、用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some________(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.5. There are five________(people) in his family.6. Let’s take________(photo), OK?7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow.9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their________(dictionary) look new.11. I have three foreign friends. They are ________(American).12. They are________(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.三、將下列詞組譯成漢語。1. 三杯牛奶____________________2. 一袋大米________________________3. 三籃子蘋果 _____________4. 一碗面條________________________5. 四盒子書__________________6. 六片面包________________________7. 五張紙______________8. 三聽橘汁________________________9.八條新聞___________________10. 一箱香蕉_______________________【拓展訓(xùn)練】四、選擇填空。1. The deer has four ______.A. footB. feetC. feetsD. foots2. Her two brothers are both ______.A. policemanB. policemansC. policemenD. policemens3. There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese, GermansD. Japaneses, Germans4. Two ______ will come to the village.A. woman-doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctors5. Can you see nine _____ in the picture?A. sheepB. dogC. pigD. horse6. The _____ has two ______.A. boys, watchesB. boy, watchC. boy, watchesD. boys, watch7. The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths8. The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.A. womanB. womenC. manD. men9. There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.A. tomatosB. tomatoC. tomatoesD. tomatoss10. The cat caught two ______ last night.A. mousesB. miceC. mouseD. mices小結(jié)課后繼續(xù)關(guān)注學(xué)生掌握可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法,讓學(xué)生們能對(duì)這個(gè)語法熟練掌握。