初中英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí) 專題43+自由填空-三年（2020-2022）中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編（全國(guó)通用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?專題43 短文填空—自由填空

【2022年】

（一）（2022·山西·中考真題）
請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使短文通順、連貫。每空一詞。
???????Kids’ Body LanguageDo you want to know your kids well? If so, just start with their body language.
We all talk, but most of the talking is body language. You may not notice it, ___35___ we use body language much more than we think.
Usually kids’ body language is the same ___36___ adults’, and sometimes it sends a different message. Here are some examples. Let’s see what they mean.
Not standing straightA kid ___37___ doesn’t stand straight may feel unhappy or just feel a bit down. He might not feel very good about himself, or ___38___ might just be thinking about something else! It’s not always easy to say, and most of the time he won’t tell you ___39___ is the matter.
My advice: if there are no health problems, don’t care.
Not looking you in the eyeA kid who doesn’t look you in the eye may not believe in himself, or he may be afraid ___40___ his elders. He may also feel uncomfortable looking at anybody. There ___41___ a few things that you can do. Try to do things with them that don’t require looking at you. You could also pretend(假裝) not to notice it.
My advice: ___42___ they are smart, friendly and polite, it’ll probably be OK.
If you are interested ___43___ kids’ body language, welcome to my corner. We will talk more about it from 8:00 ___44___ 9:00 p.m. on Monday.

【答案】35．but
36．a(chǎn)s
37．who##that
38．he
39．what
40．of
41．a(chǎn)re
42．if
43．in
44．to
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文是一篇說明文，介紹孩子們的肢體語(yǔ)言，并針對(duì)不同情況給出一些建議。
35．
句意：你可能沒有注意到，但我們使用肢體語(yǔ)言的次數(shù)比我們想象的要多。前后兩句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用but連接，故填but。
36．
句意：通常孩子們的肢體語(yǔ)言和成年人的是一樣的，有時(shí)它傳遞的是不同的信息。the same as“與……相同”，故填as。
37．
句意：一個(gè)不站直的孩子可能會(huì)感到不開心或只是感到有點(diǎn)沮喪。此處是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是人，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，用who/that連接，故填who/that。
38．
句意：他可能對(duì)自己感覺不太好，或者他可能只是在想別的事情！結(jié)合前句中的“He”可知，此處也用he作主語(yǔ)，故填he。
39．
句意：說出來總是不容易，大多數(shù)時(shí)候他也不會(huì)告訴你發(fā)生了什么事。此處是賓語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“什么”，用what連接，故填what。
40．
句意：一個(gè)不直視你眼睛的孩子可能不相信他自己，或者他害怕長(zhǎng)輩。be afraid of“害怕……”，故填of。
41．
句意：有一些你可以做的事情。此處是there be句型，時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)a few things，故填are。
42．
句意：我的建議是：如果他們聰明、友好、有禮貌，這可能是沒問題的?！皌hey are smart, friendly and polite”是“it’ll probably be OK”的肯定條件，用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，故填if。
43．
句意：如果你對(duì)孩子的肢體語(yǔ)言感興趣，歡迎來到我的角落。be interested in“對(duì)……感興趣”，故填in。
44．
句意：我們將在周一晚上8點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)詳細(xì)討論。from...to...“從……到……”，故填to。

（二）（2022·湖南岳陽(yáng)·中考真題）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文中空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。

How does the tea plant grow? This term, some students got their answers in the school’s rooftop(屋頂) garden. Many schools have built small gardens on their teaching building’s rooftop. Some students planted tea plants there. While taking ___46___ of tea plants, they also did experiments to learn more about tea.
How to ___47___ egg soup and sandwiches? Some students learned to cook in an after-school cooking club. To parents’ __48__, their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time.
In the past, Chinese children were sometimes busier after school ___49___ they had to take so many after-school classes. Now, students join all kinds of clubs. Why do students have free time to ___50___ up their hobbies? Because China has introduced the “double reduction” policy(雙減政策). It hopes to ease(減輕) students’ learning burden(負(fù)擔(dān)) __51__ reducing homework and after-school classes.
Students’ lives have changed a lot since the policy was carried out. On the one hand, their homework is clearly ___52___ than before, they aren’t encouraged to buy workbooks(練習(xí)冊(cè)) any more. Teenagers have more chances to get knowledge from the real life. This is a much better way than just hitting the books. On the other hand, students spend more time ___53___ after-school clubs. They get lots of life skills from these colorful clubs and have enough time to relax and think for ___54___. It’s believed ___55___ the “double reduction” policy makes a difference to students’ lives.
【答案】46．care
47．make
48．surprise
49．because
50．take
51．by
52．less
53．joining
54．themselves
55．that
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文主要講述了“雙減政策”之后，孩子們課外生活和學(xué)習(xí)生活的變化。
46．
句意：在照顧茶樹的同時(shí)，他們也做實(shí)驗(yàn)來了解更多關(guān)于茶的知識(shí)。根據(jù)“Some students planted tea plants there.”可知，照顧植物，take care of“照顧”；故填care。
47．
句意：怎樣做雞蛋湯和三明治？根據(jù)“egg soup and sandwiches”可知，制作雞蛋湯和三明治；結(jié)合How to do，需要?jiǎng)釉~原形；故填make。
48．
句意：令父母驚訝的是，他們的孩子可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)做一些簡(jiǎn)單的菜。根據(jù)“their kids could cook some simple dishes in a short time”可知，孩子們短時(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)會(huì)了簡(jiǎn)單的菜，父母很驚訝，to one’s surprise“令人驚訝的是”；故填surprise。
49．
句意：在過去，中國(guó)的孩子放學(xué)后有時(shí)更忙，因?yàn)樗麄円獏⒓雍芏嗾n外班。根據(jù)“they had to take so many after-school classes”可知，此句是前句的原因，because符合句意；故填because。
50．
句意：為什么學(xué)生有空閑時(shí)間從事他們的愛好？take up“從事（某一種興趣愛好）”，結(jié)合have time to do，需要?jiǎng)釉~原形；故填take。
51．
句意：它希望通過減少家庭作業(yè)和課外課程來減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)。根據(jù)“reducing homework and after-school classes”可知，通過減少家庭作業(yè)和課外班來減輕負(fù)擔(dān)，by“通過”符合句意；故填by。
52．
句意：一方面，他們的作業(yè)明顯比以前少了。根據(jù)“than before”可知，作業(yè)比之前少，less“更少”符合句意；故填less。
53．
句意：另一方面，學(xué)生花更多的時(shí)間參加課外俱樂部。根據(jù)“after-school clubs”可知，參加課外俱樂部，結(jié)合spend sth doing sth，需要?jiǎng)用~，joining符合句意；故填joining。
54．
句意：他們從這些豐富多彩的俱樂部獲得了很多生活技能，有足夠的時(shí)間放松和獨(dú)立思考。根據(jù)“have enough time to relax and think”可知，有時(shí)間獨(dú)立思考，主語(yǔ)是they，其反身代詞是themselves；故填themselves。
55．
句意：據(jù)說，“雙減”政策對(duì)學(xué)生的生活產(chǎn)生了影響。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，是主語(yǔ)從句，需要that作引導(dǎo)詞，故填that。

（三）（2022·重慶A卷·中考真題）
根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文的空格處填上一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。
Miss Wang recently had a worrying experience.
One morning, just as she arrived at her ____44____, Wang noticed some missed calls from her mother. “It must be something very important,” she thought to herself.
Right away, she called her mother ____45____ quite worriedly. To her surprise, Wang found her mother only wanted her charger (充電器), which Wang took to the office by mistake.
When Wang hurried home from her office, she found her mother’s ____46____ was still 70% charged. And her mother was worried that it would run out of power as she continued using it.
Now Wang realizes the seriousness of the problem. Her mother ____47____ eight hours a day playing games, reading news and watching short videos online. And her mother has problems like poor eyesight, headache and so on.
This story is not special and Wang’s mother is not ____48____. She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones. As the old have ____49____ chances to join in social activities, a smart phone is the best way to kill time.
But too much time on phone can cause many problems. “Be careful when using your phones, ____50____ you will be easily fooled!” Although the old are always warned like this, online frauds (欺騙) still happen to them. Now there are more family problems. Action should be taken.
For the old, they should control their screen time and get enough rest. The young, for their part, should often visit the old, and help them learn more about online safety so that they can ____51____ themselves. Also, the young can do more activities with the old like talking, walking and traveling, or encourage them to learn something at the universities for the aged.
【答案】44．office
45．back
46．phone
47．spends
48．a(chǎn)lone
49．fewer
50．or
51．protect
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文通過王小姐和她母親的經(jīng)歷告訴我們老人現(xiàn)在過度使用手機(jī)，這樣會(huì)引起很多問題，所以作者建議年輕人要多拜訪老人，老人也要多做一些其他活動(dòng)。
44．
句意：一天早上，她剛到辦公室，就注意到她媽媽的一些未接電話。根據(jù)“When Wang hurried home from her office”可知她到達(dá)了辦公室，office“辦公室”。故填office。
45．
句意：馬上，她很著急的給媽媽回了電話。根據(jù)“she called her mother...”以及上文可知，看到媽媽的未接電話，會(huì)回電話，call sb. back“給某人回電話”。故填back。
46．
句意：王小姐從辦公室趕回家時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽的手機(jī)還有70%的電量。根據(jù)“she found her mother’s...was still 70% charged”以及上文可知她媽媽的手機(jī)還有電，phone“電”，指她媽媽的手機(jī)，名詞用單數(shù)。故填phone。
47．
句意：她的母親每天花八個(gè)小時(shí)玩游戲、閱讀新聞和在線觀看短視頻。根據(jù)“eight hours a day playing games...”可知是花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事，主語(yǔ)是人，用spend“花費(fèi)”，描述一般情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填spends。
48．
句意：這個(gè)故事并不特別，王的母親并不是唯一的例子。根據(jù)“This story is not special”以及“She is just one in a growing population of the old who lose themselves in playing with phones”可知王小姐的母親不是唯一的一個(gè)沉迷手機(jī)的例子，alone“單獨(dú)的”。故填alone。
49．
句意：由于老年人參加社交活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)較少，智能手機(jī)是打發(fā)時(shí)間的最佳方式。根據(jù)“a smart phone is the best way to kill time”可知他們用手機(jī)打發(fā)時(shí)間，因?yàn)樗麄儏⒓由缃换顒?dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)相較于年輕人來說更少，故此處用比較級(jí)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用fewer“更少”。故填fewer。
50．
句意：使用手機(jī)時(shí)要小心，否則很容易上當(dāng)！根據(jù)“Be careful when using your phones...you will be easily fooled”可知此處是結(jié)構(gòu)“祈使句+or+陳述句”，表示“用手機(jī)時(shí)要小心，否則很容易被欺騙”。故填or。
51．
句意：對(duì)于年輕人來說，他們應(yīng)該經(jīng)常拜訪老年人，并幫助他們更多地了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，以便他們能夠保護(hù)自己。根據(jù)“help them learn more about online safety so that they can...themselves”可知讓老人了解網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，這樣老人能保護(hù)自己，protect“保護(hù)”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后加動(dòng)詞原形。故填protect。

（四）（2022·重慶B卷·中考真題）
根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文的空格處填上一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。
As students, you should study hard. More importantly, you should study in a smart way. Try these methods below.
Spaced Repetition
According to Ebbinghaus, you’ll ____44____ easily if you don’t review in time. After you read your study material for the first time, you’d better come back to it 6 hours later, then 24 hours later, 3 days later, 7 days later or even 14 days later and above. Repeat it ____45____ least 5 times, and you can almost remember everything.
Jim Kwik's Technique(方法)
According to Jim Kwik,???an expert on reading and the memory, the key to understanding your reading material is to ask question. You can put a line down the ____46____ of a piece of paper. On the left, take notes of key information,while on the right, write down 3 kinds of questions—how, when and why. Among the questions, the most important ____47____ is how you can use the key information. Connect it with the knowledge you’ve ____48____ known. And think about what real life problems you can solve by using it. This helps to keep the information your mind.
The Feynman Technique
Studies show students can understand what they’ve learned better when they ____49____ someone else. The Feynman technique includes 4 basic steps. First, study. Second, teach what you’ve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in ____50____ words. Third, find out which parts you can explain well and which parts you can’t. Go back to the book and try to understand the topic once again. Fourth, repeat the steps above???____51____ you can explain the topic without looking at the book.
【答案】44．forget
45．a(chǎn)t
46．middle
47．one
48．a(chǎn)lready
49．teach
50．other
51．until
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文主要講述了三種學(xué)習(xí)方法。
44．
句意：根據(jù)艾賓浩斯的說法，如果你不及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)，你很容易忘記。根據(jù)“easily if you don’t review in time”以及常識(shí)可知不及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)容易遺忘，forget“忘記”，will后加動(dòng)詞原形。故填forget。
45．
句意：重復(fù)至少5次，你幾乎可以記住所有內(nèi)容。根據(jù)“l(fā)east 5 times”可知是至少5次，at least“至少”。故填at。
46．
句意：你可以在一張紙的中間畫一條線。根據(jù)“You can put a line down the...of a piece of paper. On the left...while on the right...”可知是在紙的中間畫一條線，the middle of“……的中間”。故填middle。
47．
句意：在這些問題中，最重要的是如何使用關(guān)鍵信息。根據(jù)“Among the questions, the most important”可知是最重要的問題，此處用one代指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故填one。
48．
句意：將它與你已經(jīng)知道的知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來。根據(jù)“Connect it with the knowledge you’ve...known”可知是把問題和已經(jīng)知道的知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來，already“已經(jīng)”，副詞。故填already。
49．
句意：研究表明，當(dāng)學(xué)生教別人時(shí)，他們可以更好地理解他們學(xué)到的東西。根據(jù)“Second, teach what you’ve just learned to...”可知當(dāng)學(xué)生教別人時(shí)，他們學(xué)得更好，teach“教”，描述一般情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是they，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。故填teach。
50．
句意：其次，用其他的語(yǔ)言把你剛剛學(xué)到的東西教給對(duì)這個(gè)主題知識(shí)為零的人。根據(jù)“teach what you’ve just learned to someone with zero knowledge of the subject in...words”可知是用其他的話把自己學(xué)到的知識(shí)教給別人，other“其他的”，后加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填other。
51．
句意：第四，重復(fù)上面的步驟，直到你不用看書就能解釋這個(gè)話題。根據(jù)“repeat the steps above...you can explain the topic without looking at the book”可知是重復(fù)這些步驟直到可以解釋，until“直到”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故填until。

【2021年】

A
（2021·湖南岳陽(yáng)市·中考真題）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文中空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。

No one can live without sleep. Experts believe that sleep is 1 food and water. Good health needs good sleep. Scientists have found that people who sleep for less than 6 hours and a half at night are more often ill than people 2 sleep for 8 hours.
How 3 hours do you sleep every night? Most students have less than 8 hours of sleep every night. Some teachers complain that a few students feel sleepy or even fall asleep in class. These students can 4 concentrate(集中注意力）on their study.
Why are so many students short (缺少）of sleep? Recently, a reporter did a survey in No. 21 Middle School. The result shows that there are two main 5 about this problem. One is that students have too much homework at night. Some students have to 6 up late to finish their homework till 11:00 p.m. The 7 reason is about the use of Internet. Some students are crazy about playing games on the phones.
Many parents worry about this problem. The Ministry of Education （教育部）has paid more attention 8 this problem and required that students in primary schools should 9 at least 10 hours a day, 9 hours for junior high and 8 hours for senior high. Schools are expected to give less homework to students 10 that they can have more time to sleep.
【答案】
1．like
2．who
3．many
4．not/hardly
5．reasons
6．stay
7．other
8．to
9．sleep
10．so
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文，討論目前青少年的睡眠時(shí)間不夠等問題。
1．句意：專家認(rèn)為，睡眠就像食物和水。根據(jù)“No one can live without sleep.”可知，睡眠像食物和水一樣重要，be like“像”，故填like。
2．句意：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，晚上睡眠少于6個(gè)半小時(shí)的人比睡眠8個(gè)小時(shí)的人更容易生病。本句是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是people指人，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填who。
3．句意：你每晚睡幾個(gè)小時(shí)？根據(jù)“Most students have less than 8 hours of sleep every night.”可知，此處對(duì)數(shù)量提問，hours是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，how many多少，故填many。
4．句意：這些學(xué)生不能集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“Some teachers complain that a few students feel sleepy or even fall asleep in class.”可知，學(xué)生不能集中，用not/hardly表示否定，故填not/hardly。
5．句意：結(jié)果表明，造成這一問題的主要原因有兩個(gè)。根據(jù)“Why are so many students short (缺少）of sleep?”可知，此處表示“原因”，可用reason表示，此前有two修飾，使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填reasons。
6．句意：有些學(xué)生不得不熬夜直到晚上11點(diǎn)才完成作業(yè)。stay up late“熬夜很晚”，用于have to do sth短語(yǔ)中，使用動(dòng)詞原形，故填stay。
7．句意：另一個(gè)原因是關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用。根據(jù)“The result shows that there are two main…”可知，是兩個(gè)原因，one…the other…“一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……”，故填other。
8．句意：教育部已經(jīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問題給予了更多的關(guān)注，要求小學(xué)生每天至少睡10小時(shí)，初中9小時(shí)，高中8小時(shí)。pay attention to“關(guān)注，注意”，故填to。
9．句意：教育部已經(jīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問題給予了更多的關(guān)注，要求小學(xué)生每天至少睡10小時(shí)，初中生9小時(shí)，高中生8小時(shí)。根據(jù)“students in primary schools should…at least 10 hours a day”可知，此處表示“睡覺”，可用sleep表示，should后加動(dòng)詞原形，故填sleep。
10．句意：學(xué)校希望給學(xué)生少布置作業(yè)，這樣他們就可以有更多的時(shí)間睡覺。“they can have more time to sleep”是目的，so that“以便，為了”，故填so。
B
（2021·重慶中考真題）
A study has been done at a university. Scientists divided a class into two groups. They made each group take notes 11 different ways. The first group took notes by hand. The second one did it on the computer. The 12 of the study was to find out which method would help the students learn better. The scientists thought Group Two would win. But to their surprise, Group One did a better job. Since you take notes by hand, stick to it!
Good notes can 13 to less stress（壓力）when test time comes around. Then how can you improve your note-taking skill? The following advice can help you.
Firstly, try to get yourself ready 14 class begins. Be familiar（熟悉的）with the material that you are going to learn. Make sure you have your notebooks and pens on the desk.
Secondly, take notes wisely while listening in class. Many students become 15 taking notes and they may fail to follow the teacher. So it is important to know when to take notes. And remember to write down the key words and use shorthand（速記法） if necessary.
Thirdly, check your notes after class. You can add some details（細(xì)節(jié)）yourself first. If there is still something missing, compare your notes with 16 . Do it with those who take notes carefully. These checks will also 17 your chances of understanding what you’ve written.
Try the advice above. When you can take notes 18 than before, you will find your lessons easier and more enjoyable.
【答案】
11．in
12．purpose
13．lead
14．before
15．busy
16．others’
17．increase
18．better
【分析】
本文通過一項(xiàng)研究來證明記筆記的好處，本文著重介紹了如何提高記筆記技巧。
11．句意：他們讓每個(gè)小組用不同的方法做筆記。此處表示“用不同的方法”，用介詞in表示“用……方法”，故填in。
12．句意：這項(xiàng)研究的目的是找出哪種方法能幫助學(xué)生更好地學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“to find out which method would help the students learn better”可知，此處介紹這項(xiàng)研究的目的，purpose“目的”，根據(jù)“was”可知，此空應(yīng)填名詞的單數(shù)形式，故填purpose。
13．句意：好的筆記可以減少考試時(shí)的壓力。根據(jù)“Good notes can … to less stress（壓力）when test time comes around”可知，此處表示“導(dǎo)致”，英文表達(dá)為lead to，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填lead。
14．句意：首先，在上課前做好準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)“try to get yourself ready… class begins”可知，是在上課前做好準(zhǔn)備，故填before。
15．句意：許多學(xué)生變得忙于記筆記，他們可能不能跟上老師。根據(jù)“they may fail to follow the teacher”可知，學(xué)生忙著記筆記以至于跟不上老師講的內(nèi)容，be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，故填busy。
16．句意：如果還缺少什么，把你的筆記和別人的進(jìn)行比較。此處表示把你的筆記和其他人的筆記進(jìn)行比較，others“其他人”，用名詞所有格表示“其他人的筆記”，故填others’。
17．句意：這些檢查也會(huì)增加你理解你所寫內(nèi)容的機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)“These checks will also …your chances of understanding what you’ve written”可知，在檢查筆記的過程中，也是增加了理解自己所記的內(nèi)容的機(jī)會(huì)，increase“增加”，will后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填increase。
18．句意：當(dāng)你能記筆記比以前更好，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的課更容易和更愉快。根據(jù)“than”可知，此處應(yīng)填比較級(jí)，根據(jù)“you will find your lessons easier and more enjoyable”可知，筆記比之前記得更好了，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)課程很容易，用副詞的比較級(jí)better修飾動(dòng)詞take notes，故填better。
C
（2021·重慶中考真題）
Nowadays we often work as a team. By leading a group of people can be difficult. People want team leaders they can trust. Would you like to be a good leader? Here’s some 19 for you.
Ask to know your team
Learn about each person on your team. You can’t be a successful leader 20 you know your team. Be a “l(fā)earner” instead of a “knower” as you don’t have all of the answers. Try to get close to them by 21 questions. For example as you pass someone, you can ask, “Hi! Do you enjoy doing these projects?” or “Do you have any ideas about how to do it better?”
Talk to your team
Be as active as you can when you stay with your team. It’s a good practice to talk 22 with everyone on your team. Tell them what you’re thinking about and what new projects you’re considering. The more you talk to them, the more comfortable they will feel when they give you their opinions.
23 to your team
Let your team feel you’re a good listener. Whenever they have problems at work or at home, listen to what they want to say. Be patient and 24 trying to interrupt（打斷）them. Make your team feel they can talk to you. Care about your team.
Show your team you care about them as 25 are friends. People will work harder for their leaders if they feel they are really cared about. If someone comes to you 26 a problem, always be ready to help. That will make your team trust and respect you more.
【答案】
19．a(chǎn)dvice
20．unless
21．a(chǎn)sking
22．a(chǎn)ctivly
23．Listen
24．never
25．they
26．with
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文，向我們介紹做一個(gè)好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的建議。
19．句意：這是給你的一些建議。根據(jù)后文介紹可知，是給出建議，根據(jù)“Here’s”可知，用不可數(shù)名詞advice，故填advice。
20．句意：除非你了解你的團(tuán)隊(duì)，否則你不可能成為一個(gè)成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。分析“You can’t be a successful leader…you know your team.”可知，此處表示“除非”，用unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，故填unless。
21．
句意：試著通過提問來接近他們。根據(jù)“Try to get close to them by…questions.”可知，此處表示提問，用ask表示，用在介詞by后，使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填asking。
22．句意：積極地與團(tuán)隊(duì)中的每個(gè)人交談是一個(gè)很好的練習(xí)。根據(jù)“Be as active as you can when you stay with your team.”可知，此處表示“積極”，在句中修飾動(dòng)詞talk，使用副詞形式activly，故填activly。
23．句意：傾聽你的團(tuán)隊(duì)。根據(jù)“Let your team feel you’re a good listener.”可知，此處表示“傾聽”，用listen表示，在句首大寫首字母，故填Listen。
24．句意：要有耐心，不要試圖打斷他們。分析“Be patient and…trying to interrupt（打斷）them.”可知，此處表示否定含義，可用never表示，故填never。
25．句意：向你的團(tuán)隊(duì)顯示你像朋友一樣關(guān)心他們。分析“Show your team you care about them as…are friends.”可知，此處指“他們”，在句中作主語(yǔ)，用主格they，故填they。
26．句意：如果有人找你有問題，隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備幫助他。根據(jù)“If someone comes to you…a problem, always be ready to help.”可知，此處表示伴隨，可用介詞with表示，故填with。
【2020年】
2020年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題19 短文填空
考點(diǎn)2自由填空
Passage 1（2020 ?重慶市A卷）

根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文的空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。
We all want to live the life we dream of. However, at times, some negative (消極的) ideas may stop us. Hope the following suggestions can help to ignore those___54___ and go ahead.
Do What We Can Control
One thing we can control is doing what we can—eating healthily, exercising, reading and getting enough sleep. Doing the right things can help___55___ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the___56___direction. However, we should also accept that there are many things we can't control.
Take Calculated (預(yù)料到的) Risks
Success doesn't come___57___risks. We all have to take risks in life, but try to make sure those risks are calculated. For example, you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up and ___58___ your own business. The thought is a start. But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan. This is such a big risk that it will probably make you___59___want to take a risk again. So just start with a small risk.
Don't Be Afraid of Failure
Thomas Edison is one of the greatest inventors in history. However, he___60___many times. Did you know Edison created an electric pen? A ghost machine? Probably not. Well, that's because they were complete failures. But those failures put him one step___61___to success. Think of failures as milestones (里程碑) towards success.
【文章大意】
我們都想過我們夢(mèng)想的生活，但有時(shí)候一些消極的想法會(huì)阻止我們前進(jìn)。這篇短文中作者給我們提出了一些建議，告訴我們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待這些消極想法，讓我們的生活繼續(xù)前行，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的夢(mèng)想。
54. ideas【解析】句意：希望下面的建議能幫助你忽略這些想法，繼續(xù)前行。
上句話“However, at times, some negative (消極的) ideas may stop us.”提到，一些消極的想法會(huì)阻止我們前進(jìn)，這句話是告訴我們?nèi)绾魏雎阅切┫敕?，該空指代的是ideas。故答案為ideas。
55. us【解析】句意：做正確的事情可以幫助我們獲得最大的幸福。
根據(jù)上句話“One thing we can control is doing what we can”可知，這個(gè)建議是讓我做我們能做到的事情，使用的是第一人稱we來敘述的，因此這里表示“可以幫助我們”，在句中作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用賓格形式。故答案為us。
56. right【解析】句意：同時(shí)，它可以讓我們朝著正確的方向前進(jìn)。
根據(jù)上文“Doing the right things can help ______ to achieve the most happiness. Also, it can make us move on in the ______ direction.”可知，這兩句話介紹的是做正確的事情的好處。結(jié)合常識(shí)，我們做正確的事情，就能使我們朝著正確的方向前進(jìn)，故答案為right。
57. without【解析】句意：成功不是沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。
根據(jù)這一段的標(biāo)題“Take Calculated (預(yù)料到的) Risks”以及下文“We all have to take risks in life”可知，我們要接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此這句話是表示“沒有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成功就不會(huì)到來”，這里考查without，是一個(gè)介詞，意為“沒有”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案為without。
58. starting【解析】句意：例如，你正在做一份你討厭的工作，你夢(mèng)想著放棄它，開始自己的事業(yè)。
根據(jù)句意“you are working at a job that you hate, and you are dreaming of giving it up”，你討厭你的工作，想要放棄它，根據(jù)常理，下面應(yīng)該是開創(chuàng)自己的事業(yè)。start開始，是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，符合語(yǔ)境。該空與前面的giving it up并列，也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。故答案為starting。
59. never【解析】句意：這是一個(gè)很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可能會(huì)讓你永遠(yuǎn)不想再冒險(xiǎn)。
根據(jù)上文“But one day, you can't stand your job any more, so you leave it even though you haven't really had a plan.”可知，在沒有計(jì)劃之前，就放棄了你的工作，這種冒險(xiǎn)是不可取的，其結(jié)果是會(huì)讓你永遠(yuǎn)不想再冒險(xiǎn)。never“永遠(yuǎn)不，從不”，是否定副詞，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案為never。
60. failed【解析】句意：然而，他失敗了很多次。
這一段的標(biāo)題是“Don't Be Afraid of Failure”“不要害怕失敗”，文章以愛迪生為例，告訴我們即使偉大的人也經(jīng)歷了很多失敗。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，考查fail，且應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，這里填過去式。故答案為failed。
61. closer【解析】句意：但這些失敗讓他離成功又近了一步。
句子But表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此這里是想要告訴我們，失敗并不是沒有任何意義的，它是我們走向成功的里程碑。這里考查close to…“離……近”，且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，失敗的經(jīng)歷讓我們離成功更近了，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式。故答案為closer。
Passage 2（2020 ?重慶市B卷）

根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容, 在短文的空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~, 使短文完整、通順。
It's normal for the human mind to wander(走神). So many things may fill your mind and pull your thoughts in different directions. This isn't always ___54___. Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation. However, wandering thoughts can also stop you ___55___ getting things done, keep you up at night, or hurt your health. Don't worry. Try the following practice.
Doing Exercise and Activities
Slow down and let your mind focus(專注) on your breathing. By controlling your breathing, you bring your ___56___ to work together with your body. Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it. Go for a walk, do some exercise, take a shower or even lie down and think about___57___. These activities help a lot.
Focusing on Tasks You're Doing
Do one task at a time, it won't slow you down. Instead, it keeps your mind focused and you’ll be able to get more done ___58___. While doing tasks, don't look around from time to time. If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan. ___59___ the time is up, refocus on your next task.
Controlling Worrying Thoughts
Writing down or sharing your worries helps to get them out of your head. When there's a big task, it's understandable to put it off. But by ___60___ it bravely and trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts. If it doesn't work after you've tried everything, ___61___that there are always things you can't change.
【文章大意】
本文主要講的是有時(shí)候，走神可以帶來新的創(chuàng)造；然而，走神也會(huì)妨礙你完成工作，讓你夜不能寐，或者損害你的健康，并給出了改善走神的方法：做運(yùn)動(dòng)和活動(dòng)；專注于你正在做的事情；控制焦慮的想法。
54. bad【解析】句意：這并不總是壞的。
分析句子，空出需要一個(gè)形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“Sometimes a wandering mind can lead to a new creation.” （有時(shí)候，走神可以帶來新的創(chuàng)造。）可知，走神并不總是壞事，bad壞的，故答案是bad。
55. from【解析】句意：然而，走神也會(huì)妨礙你完成工作，讓你夜不能寐，或者損害你的健康。
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事,固定短語(yǔ)，故答案是from。
56. mind【解析】句意：通過控制你的呼吸，讓大腦與你的身體一起工作。
根據(jù)“Slow down and let your mind focus(專注) on your breathing.”（慢一點(diǎn)，讓你的大腦集中到你的呼吸上）可知，這里指的是讓大腦與身體一起運(yùn)作，故答案是mind。
57. nothing【解析】句意：去散散步，做一些鍛煉，洗個(gè)澡，甚至躺下來什么都不去想。
根據(jù)“Once you lose interest in what you’re doing, you can take a break from it.”（一旦你對(duì)你正在做的事情失去興趣，你可以休息一下。）可知，這里指的是躺下來什么都不去想，nothing沒有什么；無(wú)。故答案是nothing。
58. quickly【解析】句意：相反，它能讓你集中注意力，你能快速地完成更多的事情。
分析句子可知，空處需要一個(gè)副詞來修飾動(dòng)詞get，根據(jù)“Do one task at a lime, it won't slow you down.” （一次做一件事，它不會(huì)減慢你的速度。）可知，集中注意力可以使你快速完成事情，quickly快速地，故答案是quickly。
59. When【解析】句意：當(dāng)時(shí)間到了，就重新集中注意力到下一個(gè)任務(wù)上。
根據(jù)上一句“If there's something keeping your mind wandering, allow yourself a specific(特定的）time to worry, think or plan.”（如果有什么讓你心不在焉,允許自己在特定的時(shí)間內(nèi)去擔(dān)心，思考或計(jì)劃。）可知，這里指的是當(dāng)時(shí)間到了，when當(dāng)……時(shí)，句首首字母大寫，故答案是When。
60. facing【解析】句意：但通過勇敢地面對(duì)，并努力解決它，你就可以擺脫你的擔(dān)憂。
根據(jù)“ trying to solve it, you can get away from your worrying thoughts”可推斷，此處指的是勇敢面對(duì)，face面對(duì)，“and”連接的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞形式要一致，由trying可知，此處填facing，故答案是facing。
61. accept【解析】句意：如果你嘗試了所有的方法還是不奏效，那么就接受那些你無(wú)法改變的事情。
根據(jù)句意結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，如果無(wú)法改變，那么就只能接受，所以應(yīng)該是accept接受，這里是省略了主語(yǔ)you的祈使句，故用動(dòng)詞原形，故答案是accept。
2020年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題20 短文填空
考點(diǎn)3 自由填空
Passage 1（2020 ?廣東省）

五、短文填空
請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文，并把所缺單詞填寫在答題卡指定的位置上。每個(gè)空只能填寫一個(gè)形式正確、意義相符的單詞。
Jane is a warm-hearted girl. She is only ten years old, ____36____ she has big ideas of helping other kids.
Jane took part in a winter camp ____37____ the age of eight. During her stay in the camp, she went to visit some kids in poor areas. She felt sad that the kids there didn’t have new clothes to ____38____ and toys to play with. After she returned home, she kept thinking about ____39____ to do to help those kids.
One morning Jane saw some elder kids selling lemon juice by the street. They wanted to raise ____40____ to help their friends. Then she came up with an ____41____.
With the help of her mother, Jane ____42____ up her first lemonade stand (攤檔). In a week, it made $52. Although it was only a ____43____ money, she helped 12 kids with it! She felt very excited when she saws smiles on ____44____ faces.
After that, her mother helped her start a program called Jane’s Lemonade for Love. Up till now, she has already raised ____45____ than $17,000! She is going to spend the money on clothes, toys and books for the poor kids.
文章大意：本文主要講了一個(gè)熱心的小女孩Jane在8歲時(shí)拜訪一些貧困地區(qū)的孩子之后開始想辦法幫助他們，她在媽媽的幫助下擺攤賺錢幫助貧困孩子，之后媽媽幫她開始了一個(gè)慈善項(xiàng)目，到目前為止，已經(jīng)籌到多于一萬(wàn)七千美元，她打算用這些錢為貧困孩子們買衣服、玩具和書本。
36. but 【解析】句意：她只有十歲，但她有幫助其他孩子的偉大想法。
空前講“她只有十歲”，空后講“她有幫助其他孩子的偉大想法”，前后句意出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，用but表轉(zhuǎn)折。故答案為but。
37. at 【解析】句意：簡(jiǎn)八歲時(shí)參加了一個(gè)冬令營(yíng)。根據(jù)空后“the age of eight”可知此處用at the age of ... 表示“在……歲時(shí)”，是固定搭配。故答案為at。
38. wear【解析】句意：孩子們沒有新衣服穿，沒有玩具玩，她感到很傷心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，結(jié)合空前“new clothes to ____”可推出是要穿的新衣服，用動(dòng)詞wear表示“穿”，與前面的to構(gòu)成不定式。故答案為wear。
39. what【解析】句意：回家后，她一直在想該做些什么來幫助那些孩子。根據(jù)句意“她一直在想該做____來幫助那些孩子”可推出此處用what表示“什么”，此處是說該做些什么，what作do的賓語(yǔ)。故答案為what。
40. money【解析】句意：他們想籌集資金來幫助他們的朋友。結(jié)合題干中“raise ____ to help their friends”可推出此處用raise money表示“籌錢”，是固定搭配。故答案為money。
41. idea【解析】句意：然后她想出了一個(gè)主意。上文講到她在想該做什么來幫助那些孩子，結(jié)合空前“came up with”可推出是想出一個(gè)主意，再由不定冠詞an可知要填一個(gè)以元音音素開頭的名詞單數(shù)，由此可推出要用idea表示“主意”。故答案為idea。
42. set【解析】句意：在媽媽的幫助下，簡(jiǎn)擺起了自己的第一個(gè)檸檬水?dāng)?。根?jù)題干中“her first lemonade stand”可推出此處是說建路邊攤，結(jié)合空后“up”可知要用set up表示“建立”。故答案為set。
43. little【解析】句意：雖然只是一點(diǎn)錢，她卻用這筆錢幫助了12個(gè)孩子！
根據(jù)題干中“ Although it was only a ____ money”可知句子是讓步關(guān)系，由此可推出只是一點(diǎn)錢卻幫了12個(gè)孩子，money是不可數(shù)名詞，此處用a little表示“一點(diǎn)”。故答案為little。
44. their【解析】句意：當(dāng)她看到他們臉上的笑容時(shí)，她感到非常興奮。
根據(jù)上文“she helped 12 kids with it”可知此處是說孩子們臉上的笑容，用their表示“他們的”。故答案為their。
45. more【解析】句意：到目前為止，她已經(jīng)籌集了超過17000美元！
根據(jù)題干中"has already raised”可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)籌錢之多，結(jié)合空后“than”可推出要用more than表示“多于”。故答案為more。
Passage 2（2020 ?吉林省）
(b) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，補(bǔ)全下面的語(yǔ)段，每空一詞。
New Greeting Ways
The novel coronavirus has made a big difference ___61___ our lives. In many countries, it has also changed the ___62___ people greet each other. To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways. Let's ___63___ at them.
In France and Italy, people learn to use their ___64___ to greet people instead of kissing or hugging. In Iran, people try to shake ___65___ rather than shake hands. An official from the WHO gives us three suggestions: waving hands, Thai "wai" and bumping elbows.
What do you think of these new greetings?
本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了在新冠病毒影響下，各個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)明了新的、更為安全的問候方式。
61. to【解析】句意：新型冠狀病毒給我們的生活產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。
根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，新冠病毒給我們的生活產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響， make a difference to對(duì)……有影響，固定短語(yǔ)。故答案為to。
62. way (s) /style (s) 【解析】句意：在許多國(guó)家，它也改變了人們互相問候的方式。
根據(jù)下文“To help stop the spread of coronavirus, people give up their usual greeting styles and invent safe ways”可知，新冠病毒的爆發(fā)改變了人們互相問候的方式。way、style均有“方式”的意思，均為可數(shù)名詞，此處用其單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。故答案為way (s) /style (s)。
63. look【解析】句意：讓我們看看它們。根據(jù)下文列舉的“In France and Italy…”人們之間問候的方式可知，此處應(yīng)為“讓我們看看這些問候的方式”。look看，動(dòng)詞，其中l(wèi)et sb do sth讓某人做某事，故此處應(yīng)用其原形。故答案為look。
64. eyes【解析】句意：在法國(guó)和意大利，人們學(xué)會(huì)用眼睛問候別人，而不是親吻或擁抱。
根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，在法國(guó)和意大利，人們學(xué)會(huì)了用眼睛來問候他人。句中空前their為形容詞性物主代詞，其后應(yīng)接名詞。eye眼睛，可數(shù)名詞，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故答案為eyes。
65. feet【解析】句意：在伊朗，人們?cè)噲D搖腳而不是握手。
根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，伊朗人現(xiàn)在嘗試著搖腳，而不是握手。foot腳，此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故答案為feet。Passage 3（2020 ?吉林省）
某校計(jì)劃舉行一次文藝表演活動(dòng)，負(fù)責(zé)人Sandy向全校同學(xué)發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的海報(bào)，幫助Jack和Alice補(bǔ)全其回復(fù)的內(nèi)容，每空一詞。
Students Wanted for School Show
Time: From 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.
Friday, August 28th
Place: In the school music hall
Email: Sandy0717@qq. com
Come and show us!

Dear Sandy,
I am happy to get the information about the school show on ___71___, August 28th. I want to ___72___ in it. I'm good at singing and I can play the guitar, ___73___. Could I get a chance please?
Looking forward to your reply!
Jack

Dear Sandy,
I'd like to take part in the school show in the music ___74___. I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance. I really hope to ___75___ myself. Can I be a member?
Please reply to me soon.
Alice

【答案】71. Friday 72. join /be 73. too 74. hall
75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax
這是一則學(xué)校的海報(bào)，介紹了學(xué)校演出活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、聯(lián)系方式并號(hào)召大家參加。杰克和愛麗絲想要參加演出，寫信給桑迪介紹自己的才能。
71. Friday【解析】句意：很高興得知學(xué)校演出將在8月28日周五舉行。
根據(jù)“Friday, August 28th”可知舉辦的時(shí)間是周五，此處填Friday。故答案為Friday。
72. join /be【解析】句意：我想要參加。
表示“想要做某事”用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)want to do，此處表示“加入”用join in或者be in。故答案為join/be。
73. too【解析】句意：我擅長(zhǎng)唱歌，而且我也會(huì)玩吉他。
此處是肯定句，放在句末表示“也”用副詞too。故答案為too。
74. hall【解析】句意：我想要參加在音樂廳舉行的學(xué)校演出。
根據(jù)“Place: In the school music hall”可知地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)是在音樂廳，此處用名詞hall。故答案為hall。
75. show /enjoy /challenge /improve /relax
【解析】句意：我真的很希望展示我自己/玩得開心/挑戰(zhàn)自己/提升自己/放松自己。
表示“希望做某事”用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)hope to do，此處填動(dòng)詞原形。根據(jù)“school show”及“I'm in the school band. I can play the drums. And I can also dance”可知此處可以用動(dòng)詞show表示“展示自己的才能”；或者enjoy oneself表示“玩得開心”；或者challenge表示“挑戰(zhàn)自己” ；或者improve表示“提升自己”；或者relax表示“讓自己放松”。故答案為show/enjoy/challenge/ improve/relax。
Passage 4（2020 ?河南?。?br /> One day, I was reading my favorite magazine. My little girl 46． playing around me, which made my reading impossible. To get some peace, I tried a trick 47． keep her busy for a little while. I took a page out from my magazine with a printed map on it. I cut the map into pieces and handed them over to her, asking her to put those pieces together and make 48． complete map again.
But within several minutes, she was standing49． front of me with a perfect map in her little hands. Surprised, I asked her how she did it so quickly and easily.
She smiled and said." Oh, Dad,50． is a man's face on the other side of the map. I just tried to make his face completely."
Then she turned and ran outside to play, leaving me eyes wide and mouth open.

Word Bank
trick 把戲

文章講述了作者一天在看雜志，孩子在旁邊玩，作者為了讓孩子能安靜一會(huì)兒，把雜志上的一頁(yè)地圖取下來弄碎讓孩子再拼回去，而不一會(huì)兒小女孩就拼好了，作者感到很驚訝，原來地圖的背面是一張人臉，女孩只是拼好了人臉，所以地圖也拼好了。
46．was【解析】句意：我在看我最喜歡的雜志，我的小女兒在我身邊玩耍。根據(jù)句意理解及前句中的I was reading my favorite magazine可知，這里表達(dá)的是“我正在……”，前面用的是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以這里也用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，空格后面是ing形式，且句子主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞，所以這里應(yīng)該用was，47．to
故答案為was。
47．to【解析】句意：我耍了個(gè)花招讓她忙一會(huì)兒。根據(jù)句意理解可知，這里表達(dá)的是“為了……”，英語(yǔ)中用不定式來表示目的狀語(yǔ)，所以空格應(yīng)該用to，故答案為to。
48．a(chǎn)【解析】句意：我把地圖弄成碎片，交給她，讓她把這些碎片拼在一起，再做成一張完整的地圖。
根據(jù)句意理解可知，這里表達(dá)的是“一張完整的地圖”，空格表達(dá)的是“一個(gè)”，英語(yǔ)是不定冠詞a/ an，而空格后面的詞是complete，是一個(gè)輔音音標(biāo)開頭的單詞，所以這里應(yīng)該用a，故答案為a。
49．in【解析】句意：但幾分鐘后，她就站在我面前，小手拿著一張完美的地圖。根據(jù)句意理解可知，這里表達(dá)的是“在前面”，英語(yǔ)是in front of，表示在外部的前面，所以空格缺的是in，故答案為in。
50．there【解析】句意：哦，爸爸，地圖的另一邊有一張男人的臉。根據(jù)句意理解可知，這里表達(dá)的是“有……”，英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)“某地有某物”要用there be句型，所以這里應(yīng)該用there，故答案為there。
Passage 5（2020 ?湖南省岳陽(yáng)市）

E）閱讀填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文中空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。

Road-side business has become a hot topic recently. Premier （總理）Li Keqiang once said that road-side business can reflect common people’s life lively.
Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___41___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.
In the morning, they had to ___42___ up at 3 o’clock. First, they went to the farm near the city to buy different ___43___ of vegetables. To reduce （減少） the cost, they learn to bargain （講價(jià)） with the farmers. Then they went back to the city as soon as ___44___ to take up a street stall（攤位）.At about 6：30 a.m. after putting vegetables in order and nicer ones on top, they began to_____45_____ vegetables. They peddled （吆喝）loudly and actively to attract customers. When the vegetables were not sold out, they gave them ____46____ to homeless people. Two days ____47____ , they earned （掙得） about 300 yuan.
After this unusual experience, they shared their feelings with each _____48_____ . “We were tired, ____49____ we gained a lot. Compared with hanging out, such social practice makes us learn _____50_____ difficult it is to make money.” said Wang Wen, who came up with this idea.
最近，路邊生意成為了一個(gè)熱門話題。文章中五個(gè)大學(xué)生決定體驗(yàn)一下這種地?cái)偵饽Ｊ?，他們一起去路邊擺攤賣菜。通過這個(gè)不尋常的經(jīng)歷，他們懂得了生活的不易。
41. by【解析】句意：上周末，5名大學(xué)生決定一起在路邊賣菜，體驗(yàn)一下這種生意模式和生活的艱辛。
空后selling是動(dòng)名詞形式，結(jié)合句意可知，這5名大學(xué)生決定通過賣菜這種方式來體驗(yàn)路邊生意。by是介詞，意為“通過……方式”，符合語(yǔ)意，后面跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式。故答案為by。
42. get【解析】句意：早上，他們必須在3點(diǎn)鐘起床。根據(jù)句中提到的時(shí)間at 3 o’clock以及空后的up可知，這里考查的是get up這一短語(yǔ)，意為“起床”。空前had to意為“不得不，必須”，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。故答案為get。
43. kinds【解析】句意：首先，他們?nèi)コ鞘懈浇霓r(nóng)場(chǎng)買各種蔬菜。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，一個(gè)攤位上總是賣很多種蔬菜，因此這里考查的是kind，意為“種類”?？涨坝衐ifferent修飾，表示“不同的”，這里應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故答案為kinds。
44. possible【解析】句意：然后他們盡快回到城里，占領(lǐng)一個(gè)攤位。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里考查的是短語(yǔ)as…as possible，意為“盡可能……”，故答案為possible。
45. sell【解析】句意：大約在早上6點(diǎn)半，他們把蔬菜擺放整齊，把更好的放在上面，然后開始賣蔬菜。
根據(jù)上文“Last weekend, 5 college students decided to taste the trade pattern and difficulties of life outside school ___1___ selling vegetables on the side of the road together.”可知，這些大學(xué)生是在路邊賣菜，因此擺放好了之后就開始賣菜了。這里考查sell，是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，意為“賣”。句中使用了句型begin to do sth.“開始做某事”，因此這里用動(dòng)詞的原形。故答案為sell。
46. away【解析】句意：當(dāng)蔬菜沒有賣完的時(shí)候，他們就把它們都送給無(wú)家可歸的人。give away捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送。根據(jù)homeless people可知，這5名大學(xué)生非常有愛心，把賣不了的蔬菜捐贈(zèng)給那些無(wú)家可歸的人，故答案為away。
47. later【解析】句意：兩天后，他們掙了大約300元?？涨癟wo days是一段時(shí)間，結(jié)合句意可知，這里表示“兩天后”，考查later，是一個(gè)副詞，常放在一段時(shí)間的后面。故答案為later。
48. other【解析】句意：在這段不尋常的經(jīng)歷之后，他們彼此分享了自己的感受。根據(jù)句意和空前的each可知，這里考查each other，意為“互相，彼此”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案為other。
49. but【解析】句意：“我們很累，但我們收獲很多。”根據(jù)句意可知，空前的tired與空后gained a lot是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，因此這里考查的是but，是一個(gè)連詞，意為“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。故答案為but。
50. how【解析】句意：與閑逛相比，這樣的社會(huì)實(shí)踐讓我們了解到賺錢是多么的困難。根據(jù)句中子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，作空前l(fā)earn的賓語(yǔ)；空后difficult是形容詞，因此應(yīng)用how修飾，意為“多么”。故答案為how。
【2019年】
2019年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題19 短文填空
考點(diǎn)3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 ?廣東?。?br /> 請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文,并把所缺單詞填寫在答題卡指定的位置上。每個(gè)空只能填寫一個(gè)形式正確、意義相符的單詞。
Last winter holiday,I visited a village with only 11 houses. __71__ the village was very small, I spent a whole day in it.
The village became popular because __72__ Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years __73__, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of __74__ own house and other houses. He painted things that he liked. In the village, there were many paintings of __75 __, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my __76__?singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to __77__ a photo of that painting and me. On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted __78__ lot of well-known Chinese sayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy __79__.
I really had a good time in the village __80__?wished to visit it again.
【答案與解析】
71．Although/Though 此句的前后內(nèi)容之間存在讓步關(guān)系，故用表示讓步關(guān)系的although和though。此句意為“雖然這個(gè)村子很小，但我在里面度過了一天的時(shí)光?！?br /> 72. of 短語(yǔ)because of意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，后接名詞（短語(yǔ)）、代詞或動(dòng)名詞等。Grandpa Huang's hard work是名詞短語(yǔ)。
73. ago 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，此處指在30多年前，黃爺爺在那里買了一所房子。ago意為“以前，以往”，與一般過去時(shí)連用。
74. his 結(jié)合空格后的“own house and other houses”可推知，此處指黃爺爺他自己的房子，故用his。
75. animals 結(jié)合空格后的“such as cats and birds”，此處指很多動(dòng)物的畫。
76. favo(u)rite 結(jié)合下一句“I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to... a photo of that painting and me.”可推知，Andy是“我”最喜愛的歌手。
77. take 短語(yǔ)take a photo of...意為“給……拍照片”。此處指給“我”和那幅畫拍一張照片。
78. a 短語(yǔ)a lot of意為“很多”。
79. life 結(jié)合上一句可推知，黃爺爺從這些中國(guó)諺語(yǔ)中學(xué)習(xí)去過長(zhǎng)壽且幸福的生活。live a long and happy life意為“過著長(zhǎng)壽且幸福的生活”。
80. and and在此處表示并列，連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
Passage 2（2019 ?重慶市A卷）
I recently turned 30. Thinking back what I’ve experienced, I took some time to write myself some advice.
Trust
Even if it kills your relationship. Even if you lose your friends. Even if it means you end up getting hurt. __74__ people even if they give you a reason not to.
But don’t be too naive(幼稚). Some people are out to hurt you.
People
People are the best and __75__ thing that will happen to you. Some will help you go further and faster. Others will pull you down to their level and make you lose.
Most are OK. Many are average. Some are excellent. You don’t need a lot of people or friends around you. You need amazing people who help you just __76__ you help them. Only a few people will change your life forever. Find __77__.
Value time
Don’t waste time on people who cheat you.
Value other people’s __78__. Don’t be late. That means that if you’re late, you don’t care about them or their time. And that also means you think you’re worth more and therefore(因此) keep them __79__. Some people will tell you that it’s OK to be late. It’s not.
Fail
Fail. Fail a lot. Fail often. Fail in making friends. Fail in work. __80__ please don’t lose your heart! Learn a lesson.
If you don’t learn something when you fail, then all you’ve done is failed. If you learn something, then you’ve grown. Every time you grow and fail and learn, you become better at finding out the way to __81__.
【答案與解析】
74. Trust 結(jié)合本段的小標(biāo)題“Trust”和內(nèi)容尤其是空格后表示讓步關(guān)系的even if可推知，此處指即使人們給你理由讓你不去信任他們，你也要去信任他們。
75. worst 結(jié)合本段的后兩句可推知，（遇見）不同的人會(huì)對(duì)你不同的影響，一些人會(huì)幫你走得更好或更快，一些人會(huì)拉低你的層次并讓你遭受損失，故此處指（遇見不同的）人是將會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上最好和最壞的事情。
76. as/like 結(jié)合空格前后內(nèi)容可推知，此處指你需要了不起的人，他們幫助你就像你幫助他們一樣。連詞as/like在此意為“如同；像……一樣”。
77. them 此處用them指代上文提到的那些將會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)改變你的生活的極少數(shù)的人。
78. time 結(jié)合本段的小標(biāo)題“Value time”和空格后面的兩句話可推知，此處指要珍惜他人的時(shí)間。
79. waiting 結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容可推知，此處指遲到意味著你認(rèn)為你值得更多并且因此讓他們等你，故此處填waiting。
80. But 空格前后的內(nèi)容之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。此處指盡管在失敗多次，經(jīng)常失敗，在交友和工作中遇到失敗，但請(qǐng)不要失去你的信心。
81. success/succeed 結(jié)合上文可推知，此處指如果你能從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)并成長(zhǎng)，那么你就更善于尋找到成功的道路。the way to success/succeed意為“成功之道”。
2019年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題19 短文填空
考點(diǎn)3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 ?重慶市B卷）
根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容，在短文的空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。
You’ve been here in China for a few days, and you may notice that Chinese people can sometimes be very direct. But don’t be fooled into thinking you can___54___anything you like to them. Here are a few things foreigners____55____China should never say.
Have you been on vacation? You look so tanned (曬黑的)!
While many people in the West grow up with the idea that dark skin is a sign of beauty, this is not true in China. That explains___56___umbrellas are just as common on sunny days as they are on rainy days here.
I really love China, but…
Don’t finish that___57___. No place can be perfect. It’s fine if you say something impolite about your___58___country, but don’t do it about someone else’s. This doesn’t just happen in China, but it’s fair to say the Chinese people show more love to their country.
I think Chinese food is the best food in the world.
What’s that? As everyone in China should already know this, saying that you love Chinese food is like saying that sugar is___59___or ice is cold. It’s won’t hurt anybody, but they may think you know___60___about their food culture. Since there are many different kinds of Chinese food, it sounds better to talk about the local food that you like most.
Keep them in mind and___61___your stay in China!
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】短文介紹了外國(guó)游客在中國(guó)不應(yīng)該說的一些話。例如：“你度假了嗎？你看起來很黑！”、“我真的很喜歡中國(guó)，但是…”、“我認(rèn)為中國(guó)食物是世界上最好的食物?！蓖瑫r(shí)文章也暗示我們，每個(gè)國(guó)家都有自己國(guó)家的習(xí)俗，一定要入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
54. say 句意：但不要愚昧地認(rèn)為你對(duì)他們想說什么就說什么。根據(jù)后面的句子“Here are a few things foreigners____54____China should never say.”可知，短文介紹了外國(guó)人在中國(guó)最忌諱說的一些話，不是想說什么就說什么，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞say后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為say。
55. in 句意：這里有一些外國(guó)人在中國(guó)不應(yīng)該說的話。in China在中國(guó)，故答案為in。
56. why 句意：這就解釋了為什么雨傘在晴天和雨天一樣常見。explain“解釋”，中國(guó)人不喜歡皮膚黑，在晴天也打著雨傘，這也是雨傘在晴天和雨天一樣常見的原因，故答案為why。
57. sentence(complaint) 句意：不要說出那樣的話（抱怨）。that是指前面的“I really love China, but…”，是一句抱怨的話，故答案為sentence(complaint)。
58. own 句意：如果你對(duì)自己的國(guó)家說些不禮貌的話沒關(guān)系。在形容詞性物主代詞所修飾的名詞前面加上own，表示“某人自己的”，故可以添加own。
59. sweet 句意：說你喜歡中國(guó)菜，就像說出糖很甜或冰很冷一樣。根據(jù)“ice is cold”判斷，此處是讓你說出事物的屬性特征，糖給我們的印象肯定會(huì)是甜的，故答案為sweet。
60. nothing/little 句意：但他們可能會(huì)認(rèn)為你對(duì)他們的飲食文化一無(wú)所知。根據(jù)前面的句意“說你喜歡中國(guó)菜，就像說出糖很甜或冰很冷一樣”理解可知，好像說出這樣的話跟沒說一樣，會(huì)讓中國(guó)人認(rèn)為自己對(duì)他們的飲食文化一無(wú)所知。故答案為nothing/little。
61. enjoy 句意：要記住它們，祝你在中國(guó)過得愉快！并列連詞and前后連接的是兩個(gè)祈使句，需要填寫動(dòng)詞原形，短文是寫給外國(guó)游客的，最后要獻(xiàn)上祝福的話：祝您在中國(guó)過得愉快！enjoy“享受……的樂趣，過得快活”。
Passage 2（2019 ?湖南省岳陽(yáng)市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文中空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。
Music is good for us． According to the new study（研究）from the World Health Organization（WHO）， music can（1）　　us happier and healthier． For example， when I feel tired， listening to some classical music helps me relax． When I'm down， I prefer pop music（2）　　 of hope and energy （能量）．（3）　　is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music． Some doctors have found a fact — people （4）　　love music may live longer．
Near my neighborhood， a man and （5）　　 wife own a small music house with mood music（情調(diào)音樂）． Teenagers like to spend time here while musicians are（6）　　different kinds of music． Sometimes， we are lucky to hear some famous singers sing songs written（7）　　themselves． The songs are （8）　　 beautiful that we sing along with them． We communicate with one another in this special language． The most moving music is Chinese folk music． It（9）　　only reminds us of the old days but also brings us sweet memories．
Every one of us， rich or poor， young or old， may have at（10）　　one favorite song． Music will be together with us forever．
【答案與解析】
（1）make 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)意思：音樂可以使我們更快樂、更健康。make +adj．can后面加動(dòng)詞原形，故填make。
（2）full 考查形容詞。根據(jù)意思：當(dāng)我情緒低落時(shí)，我喜歡充滿希望和能量的流行音樂。充滿full of，故填full。
（3）It 考查代詞。根據(jù)意思：我很容易在輕柔的音樂中入睡．it is +adj．+for sb to do 對(duì)某人來說干某事是……的，故填I(lǐng)t．。
（4）who 考查疑問代詞。根據(jù)意思：一些醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)事實(shí)——熱愛音樂的人可能活得更長(zhǎng)。定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是人，故用who。
（5）his 考查代詞。根據(jù)意思：在我家附近，一個(gè)男人和他的妻子擁有一個(gè)有情調(diào)音樂的小音樂屋。他的妻子，故用his。
（6）playing 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)意思：音樂家則在這里演奏不同種類的音樂?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，be doing，故填playing。
（7）by 考查介詞。根據(jù)意思：有時(shí)，我們很幸運(yùn)地聽到一些著名的歌手唱自己寫的歌。某人自己by oneself，故填by。
（8）so．考查形容詞。根據(jù)意思：這些歌是如此美，我們與他們一起唱．so... that 如此……以至于……，故填so。
（9）not 考查副詞。根據(jù)意思：它不僅讓我們想起過去的日子，而且?guī)Ыo我們美好的回憶。not only...but also 不但……而且……，故填not。
（10）least 考查形容詞。根據(jù)意思：我們每個(gè)人，無(wú)論貧富，無(wú)論老少，都可能至少有一首最喜歡的歌。至少at least，故填least。
2019年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題19 短文填空
考點(diǎn)3自由填空
Passage 1（2019 ?岳陽(yáng)市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文中空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。

Music is good for us. According to the new study (研究) from the World Health Organization (WHO), music can ___41___ us happier and healthier. For example, when I feel tired, listening to some classical music helps me relax. When I’m down, I prefer pop music ___42___ of hope and energy (能量). ___43___ is easy for me to fall asleep with soft music. Some doctors have found a fact—people ___44___ love music may live longer.
Near my neighborhood, a man and ___45___ wife own a small music house with mood music (情調(diào)音樂). Teenagers like to spend time here while musicians are ___46___ different kinds of music. Sometimes, we are lucky to hear some famous singers sing songs written ___47___ themselves. The songs are ___48___ beautiful that we sing along with them. We communicate with one another in this special language. The most moving music is Chinese folk music. It ___49___ only reminds us of the old days but also brings us sweet memories.
Every one of us, rich or poor, young or old, may have at ____50____ one favorite song. Music will be together with us forever.
【答案與解析】很多人都喜歡音樂，有一項(xiàng)研究也表明，音樂可以使人們更快樂、更健康。音樂的類型有很多，不同的人喜歡的類型也是不一樣的。短文中作者給我們介紹了他不同時(shí)刻喜歡的不同音樂，還提到了他家附近的一個(gè)音樂館。
41. make 句意：根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的一項(xiàng)新研究，音樂能使我們更快樂、更健康。根據(jù)句意和空后us happier and healthier可知，這里應(yīng)表示“使…怎么樣”，應(yīng)用使用動(dòng)詞make，空前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，故這里填動(dòng)詞原形make。
42. full 句意：當(dāng)我情緒低落的時(shí)候，我喜歡充滿希望和能量的流行音樂。根據(jù)句意和空后的of可知，這里考查短語(yǔ)full of…充滿…。故這里填full。
43. It 句意：對(duì)于我來說聽輕音樂很容易就能睡著。這句話使用的句型是It is+形容詞+for sb. to do sth.“對(duì)于某人來說做某事是…的”，其中It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式。故這里應(yīng)填I(lǐng)t。
44. who 句意：一些醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)事實(shí)—喜愛音樂的人可能更長(zhǎng)壽。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，…love music是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾名詞people，指人，故應(yīng)填關(guān)系代詞who，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
45. his 句意：在我住的附近，一個(gè)男人和他的妻子擁有一個(gè)小的音樂屋，里面有情調(diào)音樂。根據(jù)句意可知，這個(gè)空指代那個(gè)男人的妻子，故應(yīng)填形容詞性物主代詞his，意為“他的”。
46. singing 句意：青少年們喜歡來這里消磨時(shí)間，同時(shí)音樂家唱著各種各樣的音樂。根據(jù)句意musicians are… different kinds of music可知，這里應(yīng)表示“演唱…”，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中使用的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故這里填現(xiàn)在分詞singing。
47. by 句意：有時(shí)候我們會(huì)非常幸運(yùn)聽到一些著名的歌手演唱他們自己寫的歌。根據(jù)句意songs written“被寫的歌”，這里應(yīng)填介詞by，表示“被…”。
48. so 句意：這些歌曲如此優(yōu)美以至于我們都會(huì)跟著一起唱。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這句話中使用的是句型so…that…如此…以至于…，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，故這里填so。
49. not 句意：它不僅使我們想起了過去的好時(shí)光，而且給我們帶來了甜美的回憶。根據(jù)句意可知，這句話中使用了連詞短語(yǔ)not only…but also，意為“不但…而且…”，因此這里應(yīng)填not。
50. least 句意：我們每一個(gè)人，不管富有還是貧窮，年輕還是年老，可能都至少有一首最喜歡的歌。根據(jù)句意可知，這里考查的是短語(yǔ)at least，意為“至少”，故這里應(yīng)填least。
【點(diǎn)睛】
這篇短文的話題是音樂，是一個(gè)學(xué)生們都非常熟悉的話題，因此文意比較容易理解。題型是根據(jù)文意在空格上填寫適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，題目中沒有給出關(guān)于單詞的任何提示，學(xué)生們只能通過上下文的意思進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，還需要注意單詞的適當(dāng)形式。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)先通讀短文，將空格隔過去，了解文章的大概意思；然后再確切理解每句話想要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，填寫適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、固定短語(yǔ)等，也是解題的關(guān)鍵。例如第3小題，這句話使用的句型是It is+形容詞+for sb. to do sth.“對(duì)于某人來說做某事是…的”，其中It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式。故這里應(yīng)填I(lǐng)t。再如第9小題，而且給我們帶來了甜美的回憶。根據(jù)句意可知，這句話中使用了連詞短語(yǔ)not only…but also，意為“不但…而且…”，因此這里應(yīng)填not。

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