?專題41 短文填空—首字母填空

【2022年】

（一）（2022·廣東廣州·中考真題）
閱讀短文，根據(jù)上下文和所給的首字母寫出所缺單詞。注意使用正確形式，每空限填一詞。答卷時(shí)，要求寫出完整單詞。
Dunbuang is a historic city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an important c ___46___ of trade. As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world. Here, different cultures met and influenced each other. People from f ___47___ countries did business and communicated with the local people.
If you v ___48___ Dunhuang, you will be able to see the Mogao Caves（莫高窟）. If you walk i ___49___ , you will discover some of the wonderful artworks. There are over 45,000 square metres of beautiful paintings on the cave walls, as well as thousands of statues.
Over the years, China has made great efforts to protect the Mogao Caves. Today, you can also find high-quality photos of the artworks on the Internet. People all over the world now have a c ___50___ to see Dunhuang’s treasures online.
【答案】46．(c)entre##(c)enter
47．(f)oreign
48．(v)isit
49．(i)nside
50．(c)hance
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文講述敦煌在古代是貿(mào)易中心，講述在敦煌可以看到莫高窟和很多藝術(shù)作品，講述現(xiàn)在人們可以在網(wǎng)上看到敦煌的財(cái)寶。
46．
句意：在古代，敦煌是一個(gè)重要的貿(mào)易中心。根據(jù)“an”可知用單數(shù)名詞作表語(yǔ)。根據(jù)“As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world”及首字母提示，可知，句子講述敦煌古代是貿(mào)易中心，用名詞“center”或“centre”。故填(c)entre/(c)enter。
47．
句意：外國(guó)的人和當(dāng)?shù)氐娜私?jīng)商和交流。名詞“countries”前用形容詞修飾，根據(jù)“different cultures”及首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)外國(guó)的人，用形容詞“foreign”。故填(f)oreign。
48．
句意：如果你參觀敦煌，你能看到莫高窟。這是“if”引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則，主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。根據(jù)“you will be able to see the Mogao Caves”及首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)參觀敦煌，主語(yǔ)是“you”，動(dòng)詞用“visit”。故填(v)isit。
49．
句意：如果你走進(jìn)去，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些完美的藝術(shù)作品。動(dòng)詞“walk”用副詞修飾，根據(jù)“discover some of the wonderful artworks”及首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)走進(jìn)去，用“walk inside”。故填(i)nside。
50．
句意：全世界的人現(xiàn)在有機(jī)會(huì)在網(wǎng)上看到敦煌的財(cái)寶。動(dòng)詞“have”后缺賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“a”可知是單數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)“to see Dunhuang’s treasures online” 及首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)有機(jī)會(huì)，用“have a chance to do”。故填(c)hance。


（二）（2022·湖北武漢·中考真題）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，單詞的第一個(gè)字母已給出。
Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y____46____ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潛水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l____47____ for new things in the ocean.
Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生態(tài)學(xué)家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a____48____.
Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t____49____. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i____50____ easily.
Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w____51____ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n____52____ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p____53____ this from happening.
Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k____54____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k____55____ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these places.” Mr. Green says.
【答案】46．(y)oung
47．(l)ook
48．(a)live
49．(t)own
50．(i)njured
51．(w)ay
52．(n)umbers
53．(p)revent
54．(k)ept
55．(k)now
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文主要講述了海洋生態(tài)學(xué)家格林先生意識(shí)到珊瑚礁所面臨的問(wèn)題以及它們的重要性，呼吁人們要先了解它們并保護(hù)它們。
46．
句意：當(dāng)他年輕的時(shí)候，他喜歡游泳。was后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)“When he grew up”及首字母可知，年輕的時(shí)候喜歡游泳，young“年輕的”符合，故填(y)oung。
47．
句意：當(dāng)他長(zhǎng)大后，他想在海洋中尋找新的東西。根據(jù)“he wanted to … for new things in the ocean”及首字母可知，此處指在海洋中尋找新東西，look for“尋找”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，故填(l)ook。
48．
句意：他研究水下的動(dòng)物和植物是如何相互聯(lián)系、相互需要以維持生存的。根據(jù)“underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay”及首字母可知，水下的動(dòng)植物相互維持生存，alive“活著的”，形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填(a)live。
49．
句意：珊瑚礁就像一個(gè)巨大的水下小鎮(zhèn)。根據(jù)“A coral reef is like a big underwater”及首字母可知，把珊瑚礁比喻成一個(gè)巨大的小鎮(zhèn)，town“城鎮(zhèn)”，a修飾名詞的單數(shù)形式，故填(t)own。
50．
句意：因此，美麗的珊瑚礁很容易受傷。根據(jù)“They compete for food and space there”可知，因?yàn)槭澄锖蜕娴目臻g相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，導(dǎo)致珊瑚礁受傷，get injured“受傷”，故填(i)njured。
51．
句意：有時(shí)人們污染水或過(guò)度捕撈，所以所有生物的連接方式已經(jīng)改變。根據(jù)“the …that all the living things are joined together has been changed”及首字母可知，連接方式改變了，way“方式”。根據(jù)has可知，此空應(yīng)填單數(shù)名詞，故填(w)ay。
52．
句意：有些動(dòng)物的數(shù)量下降了，有些動(dòng)物就消失了。根據(jù)“Some animals’ … drop low, some animals just disappear”可知，有些數(shù)量少了，有些消失了，number“數(shù)量”，句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，drop是動(dòng)詞原形，故此空應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填(n)umbers。
53．
句意：格林先生想阻止這種事情發(fā)生。根據(jù)“Mr. Green wants to … this from happening”及首字母可知，想阻止這一切發(fā)生，prevent…from doing sth“阻止某事發(fā)生”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，故填(p)revent。
54．
句意：格林先生認(rèn)為珊瑚礁里的所有生物都應(yīng)該保護(hù)好。根據(jù)“They need all of their parts to work correctly”可知，珊瑚礁里的每一部分都需要正常工作，所以它們應(yīng)該被保護(hù)起來(lái)，keep“保持”，be與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，故填(k)ept。
55．
句意：要更好地照顧海洋家園，我們首先必須了解它們。根據(jù)“we first must…them”及“can we understand the great influence humans have on these places”可知，只有先了解珊瑚礁，才能理解人類對(duì)這些地方的巨大影響，know“了解”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后接動(dòng)詞原形，故填(k)now。




（三）（2022·江蘇連云港·中考真題）
根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫出一個(gè)完整正確的單詞。

Erhu is one of the most important Chinese instruments. It has a history of o____51____ 1,000 years. It is said that Erhu did not get its name u____52____ the late Qing Dynasty. It has been improved gradually since it appeared. It is also c____53____ the Chinese violin because its tone is as soft and bright as the violin’s. There are many w____54____ pieces of music played by Erhu, such as The Moon Reflected on the Er-quan Spring. You can go and e____55____ the charm of them. I hope you’ll love them.
【答案】51．(o)ver
52．(u)ntil
53．(c)alled
54．(w)onderful##(w)orld-famous
55．(e)njoy##(e)xperience
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文主要介紹了二胡的發(fā)展歷史。
51．
句意：它有一千多年的歷史。根據(jù)“ It has a history of … 1,000 years”可知，此處指1000多年的歷史，over“超過(guò)”，故填(o)ver。
52．
句意：據(jù)說(shuō)二胡直到清末才得名。 根據(jù)“It is said that Erhu did not get its name … the late Qing Dynasty.”可知，此處用not…until表示“直到……才”，故填(u)ntil。
53．
句意：它也被稱為中國(guó)小提琴，因?yàn)樗囊粽{(diào)和小提琴一樣柔和明亮。根據(jù)“It is also c… the Chinese violin”及首字母可知，二胡也被稱為中國(guó)小提琴，call“稱呼”，主語(yǔ)it與動(dòng)詞call之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be done的結(jié)構(gòu)，空格前已有is，故此空填過(guò)去分詞，故填(c)alled。

54．
句意：用二胡演奏了許多美妙/著名的樂(lè)曲。根據(jù)“pieces of music”及首字母可知，此處指美妙的或者是著名的樂(lè)曲，wonderful“美妙的”，world-famous“著名的”，故填(w)onderful/(w)orld-famous。
55．
句意：你可以去欣賞/體驗(yàn)它們的魅力。此空與go構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，故此空也應(yīng)填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)“the charm of them”及首字母可知，欣賞它們的魅力，enjoy“欣賞”，experience“體驗(yàn)”，故填(e)njoy/(e)xperience。


（四）（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整，完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）

The Grand Canal（大運(yùn)河）is a man-made waterway that runs north and south in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilometers, it is among the world’s oldest and l___51___ canals. Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located on the bank of the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhou, one of the eight c___52___ in Jiangsu province sitting along the Grand Canal.
The museum o___53___ its doors to the public on June 16,2021. It covers an area of some 80,000 square meters. It has two structures: a four-story building in the s___54___ of a giant ship waiting to set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style tower.
The museum has 11 themed exhibitions（展覽）. They are telling the h___55___ of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties（581-907）, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions w___56___ they continue to be used for transport, irrigation（灌溉）and flood control. The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c___57___ by many as the “treasure of the museum”.
So far, the museum has over 10,000 exhibits（展品）, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the best collection to show the grandness of the canal and h___58___ people changed nature.
Passing t___59___ the exhibition hall and into the antiquated（老式的）streets, visitors can see restaurants and shops along the street, as if walking in the water village on the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m____60____ which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself?
【答案】51．(l)ongest
52．(c)ities
53．(o)pened
54．(s)hape
55．(h)istory
56．(w)hile
57．(c)onsidered
58．(h)ow
59．(t)hrough
60．(m)useums
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文講述揚(yáng)州中國(guó)運(yùn)河博物館的修建，結(jié)構(gòu)和它的獨(dú)特之處。
51．
句意：2500年之前建造，延伸1794千米的大運(yùn)河躋身世界最古老和最長(zhǎng)的運(yùn)河。根據(jù)“oldest and”可知，用形容詞最高級(jí)形成并列。根據(jù)首字母提示，可知表達(dá)最長(zhǎng)的，用最高級(jí)“l(fā)ongest”。故填(l)ongest。
52．
句意：揚(yáng)州中國(guó)運(yùn)河博物館位于揚(yáng)州古代大運(yùn)河的岸邊，揚(yáng)州是江蘇省沿著大運(yùn)河的八大城市之一。句子用“one of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表達(dá)“最……之一”。根據(jù)“Yangzhou”，“in Jiangsu province”及首字母提示，可知表達(dá)城市，用復(fù)數(shù)名詞“cities”。故填(c)ities。
53．
句意：博物館在2021年6月16日向大眾開(kāi)放。句子缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)“June 16,2021”可知是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。根據(jù)“its doors to the public”及首字母提示，可知，句子表達(dá)打開(kāi)大門，用過(guò)去式“opened”。故填(o)pened。
54．
句意：它有兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)，像一艘等著航行的大船的四層的建筑，和一座100米高的唐代的塔。根據(jù)“of a giant ship waiting to set sail”及首字母提示，可知，句子表達(dá)建筑的形狀，用“in the shape of”。故填(s)hape。
55．
句意：它們講述了隋朝和唐朝建造的隋唐大運(yùn)河，北京到杭州的大運(yùn)河和東部浙江運(yùn)河的歷史。定冠詞“the”后用名詞。根據(jù)“These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions”可知，句子表達(dá)講述了運(yùn)河的歷史北京，根據(jù)首字母提示可知用名詞“history”。故填(h)istory。
56．
句意：這些運(yùn)河提供了豐富的歷史和文化景點(diǎn)，同時(shí)它們繼續(xù)被用于運(yùn)輸、灌溉和防洪。根據(jù)“These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions...they continue to be used for transport, irrigation and flood control.”可知，前后句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，運(yùn)河提供了豐富的歷史和文化景點(diǎn)的同時(shí)，運(yùn)河也被用于運(yùn)輸、灌溉和防洪。用連詞while表示“與……同時(shí)”。故填(w)hile。
57．
句意：長(zhǎng)25.7米，高8米的古汴河段被許多人認(rèn)為是“博物館的瑰寶”。句子缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)“by”可知是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)首字母提示可知句子用“be considered as”表達(dá)“被看作是……”。故填(c)onsidered。
58．
句意：到目前為止，博物館包含了一萬(wàn)種展品，包括二十組大型的展品，使得它成為最好的收藏品，展示了大運(yùn)河的宏大和人們?cè)鯓痈淖兇笞匀?。根?jù)“people changed nature”可知后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)首字母提示，可知句子表達(dá)“怎樣人們改變大自然”，用疑問(wèn)詞“how”引導(dǎo)從句。故填(h)ow。
59．
句意：穿過(guò)展覽館，進(jìn)入老式的街道，游客可以看到街道兩邊的餐館和商店，好像走在明清時(shí)期運(yùn)河上的水村里。根據(jù)“Passing”及“the exhibition hall”可知，句子表達(dá)從展覽館內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，用短語(yǔ)“pass through”。故填(t)hrough。
60．
句意：揚(yáng)州大運(yùn)河博物館以中國(guó)的大運(yùn)河為主題，和所有其他的博物館是不同的。根據(jù)“Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum”及“which are themed on the Grand Canal”可知，此處是指其它博物館，且需用復(fù)數(shù)形式“museums”。故填(m)useums。


（五）（2022·天津·中考真題）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。
In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亞), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____46____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (應(yīng)付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (圖書(shū)管理員) w____47____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____48____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____49____ back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰國(guó)) get books in a d____50____ way. Their “l(fā)____51____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金屬箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____52____ in the area.
Indonesia (印度尼西亞) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____53____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容納) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交換) for new books a few weeks l____54____.
For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____55_____ of information.
【答案】46．(s)o
47．(w)alk
48．(b)ooks
49．(c)ome
50．(d)ifferent
51．(l)ibraries
52．(f)all
53．(t)ravel
54．(l)ater
55．(w)orld
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文主要介紹了一些貧窮國(guó)家的一些特殊的運(yùn)送圖書(shū)的方式。
46．
句意：汽車和卡車沒(méi)有用處，所以圖書(shū)館的書(shū)是騎在駱駝背上的。根據(jù)“Cars and trucks are not useful...library books arrive on the backs of camels”以及首字母可知前后兩句是因果關(guān)系，前因后果，用so引導(dǎo)。故填(s)o。
47．
句意：兩只駱駝、一個(gè)駱駝司機(jī)和一個(gè)圖書(shū)管理員一起步行到村莊。根據(jù)“Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian”以及首字母并結(jié)合上文可知汽車和卡車沒(méi)有用，所以他們是步行，walk“步行”，句子使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用原形。故填(w)alk。
48．
句意：在每個(gè)村莊，圖書(shū)管理員都會(huì)搭起帳篷，向里面的孩子們展示書(shū)籍。根據(jù)“the librarian sets up the tent and shows the...to the kids inside”以及首字母可知圖書(shū)管理員給孩子展示書(shū)籍，表泛指用名詞復(fù)數(shù)books“書(shū)”。故填(b)ooks。
49．
句意：兩周后，駱駝帶著新書(shū)回來(lái)了。根據(jù)“back with new books”以及首字母可知是帶著新書(shū)回來(lái)，come back“回來(lái)”，句子使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用原形。故填(c)ome。
50．
句意：泰國(guó)北部山區(qū)的一些人以不同的方式獲取書(shū)籍。根據(jù)“Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand(泰國(guó)) get books in”以及首字母并結(jié)合下文可知泰國(guó)人獲取書(shū)籍的方式也不同，修飾名詞用形容詞different“不同的”。故填(d)ifferent。
51．
句意：他們的“圖書(shū)館”由大象攜帶。根據(jù)“are carried by elephants”以及首字母可知此處指圖書(shū)館，library“圖書(shū)館”，根據(jù)are可知主語(yǔ)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填(l)ibraries。
52．
句意：金屬保護(hù)書(shū)籍免受該地區(qū)的大雨影響。根據(jù)“The metal protects the books from the heavy rains”以及首字母可知是下雨，fall“落下”，句子使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用原形。故填(f)all。
53．
句意：大多數(shù)人乘船旅行，他們也乘船攜帶書(shū)籍。根據(jù)“by boat and they also carry their books by boat.”以及首字母可知是乘船旅行，travel“旅行”，句子使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用原形。故填(t)ravel。
54．
句意：成箱的書(shū)留在村子里，幾周后被換成新書(shū)。根據(jù)“Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded(交換) for new books a few weeks”以及首字母可知是幾周后換新書(shū)，later“之后”。故填(l)ater。
55．
句意：它帶來(lái)了很多信息。根據(jù)“It brings a whole...of information”以及首字母可知是很多信息，a world of“很多”。故填(w)orld。




【2021年】

A
（2021·江蘇鹽城市·中考真題）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world. While some people t 1 away unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste, many c 2 in the world like German and France have food banks. People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to t 3 in need. Shanghai Oasis opened China’s first food bank in 2015. In five years, it saved seven million tons of food and h 4 760,000 people.
Many fruits and v 5 go to waste because they look ugly. For example, about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their l 6 . So try to buy ugly food next time, since it is j 7 as good as “normal” food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to o 8 dishes by using the “N-1”formula. “N” s 9 for the number of people in your group. So if you’re in a group of s 10 people, you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. Everyone can do something to make a difference.
【答案】
1．(t)hrow
2．(c)ountries
3．(t)hose
4．(h)elped
5．(v)egetables
6．(l)ooks
7．(j)ust
8．(o)rder
9．(s)tands
10．(s)ix
【分析】
本文主要介紹了為了減少食物浪費(fèi)的方法：許多國(guó)家都用食物銀行來(lái)儲(chǔ)存多余的食物；建議購(gòu)買外觀不好看的蔬菜和水果；中國(guó)飯店采用“N-1”公式點(diǎn)餐。
1．句意：當(dāng)一些人扔掉不想要的食物時(shí)，世界上其他地方的很多人面臨食物短缺。根據(jù)“unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.”可知，此處指“扔掉”，用固定短語(yǔ)throw away表示，此處是陳述事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為you，動(dòng)詞用原形。故填(t)hrow。
2．句意：為了減少食物浪費(fèi)，世界上像德國(guó)和法國(guó)一樣的許多國(guó)家都有食物銀行。根據(jù)“l(fā)ike German and France ”及首字母可知，此處指“國(guó)家”，用country表示，可數(shù)名詞，many后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填(c)ountries。
3．句意：人們和雜貨店可以給他們額外的食物，他們可以把食物給那些需要的人。根據(jù)“...in need”可知，此處指那些需要的人，結(jié)合首字母可知，用代詞those指代。故填(t)hose。
4．句意：在五年內(nèi)，它節(jié)省了700萬(wàn)噸糧食，幫助了76萬(wàn)人。根據(jù)“it saved seven million tons of food and ... 760,000 people.”結(jié)合短文和首字母可知，食物銀行是為了幫助那些食物短缺的人，help符合語(yǔ)境。由saved可知，此處用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。故填(h)elped。
5．句意：許多水果和蔬菜被浪費(fèi)，因?yàn)樗鼈兛雌饋?lái)很丑。根據(jù)下文“25 to 30 percent of carrots”和首字母v可知，此處指“vegetable蔬菜”，根據(jù)many fruits可知，此處用復(fù)數(shù)表示種類。故填(v)egetables。
6．句意：例如，大約25%到30%的胡蘿卜因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)得不好看而無(wú)法進(jìn)入商店。根據(jù)“because they look ugly”可知，此處指“因?yàn)橥庑纬蠖鵁o(wú)法進(jìn)入商店”，look“外觀”符合語(yǔ)境，由their可知，此處用復(fù)數(shù)。故填(l)ooks。
7．句意：所以下次盡量買難看的食物，因?yàn)樗汀罢！笔澄镆粯雍?。根?jù)語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，此處指和“正?！笔澄镆粯雍?，just as good as...表示“和……同樣好”。故填(j)ust。
8．句意：許多中餐館告訴人們用“N-1”公式點(diǎn)菜。根據(jù)“restaurants are telling people to...dishes ”可知，此處指點(diǎn)餐，order符合語(yǔ)境，不定式符號(hào)to后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故填(o)rder。
9．句意：“N”代表你們的人數(shù)。stand for“代表”符合語(yǔ)境，主語(yǔ)“N”表示第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用三單形式。故填(s)tands。
10．句意：所以如果你們六個(gè)人，你應(yīng)該點(diǎn)五道菜。根據(jù)“N-1”和“you should order five dishes”可知，此處指六個(gè)人，six“六”。故填(s)ix。
B
（2021·湖北武漢市·中考真題）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，單詞的第一個(gè)字母已給出
Susan is the daughter of the famous environmental scientist Clark. But the woman has become an environmentalist on her o 11 .
In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰會(huì)) was held in Rio de Janeiro. Thousands of people from around the world h 12 for it to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow. Twelve-year-old Susan and three of her friends formed a group. They raised money to travel to Rio to a 13 the summit.
At the summit, Susan said that the state of the environment w 14 her a lot. “You don’t know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer (臭氧層). You don’t know how to bring back forests that once g 15 where there is now desert. If you don’t know how to fix the Earth, please stop b 16 it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them fall into deep thinking.
After that speech, Susan began to lead “two lives.” On the t 17 days, she was a schoolchild. But during her vacations, she s 18 internationally about the environment.
Now, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Rio speech. Although many of the world’s environmental problems have only become w 19 , Susan does agree that some things are different now. More and more people give voice like Susan because they have realized the importance of the environment.
“Thirty years ago, I was fighting for my tomorrow. Now, I am fighting for the f 20 of my sons,” says Susan, now a mother of two, who has kept calling people's attention to climate change.
【答案】
11．(o)wn
12．(h)eaded
13．(a)ttend
14．(w)orried
15．(g)rew
16．(b)reaking
17．(t)ypical
18．(s)poke
19．(w)orse
20．(f)uture
【分析】
本文主要講述了蘇珊如何憑借自己的力量成為一名環(huán)保主義者的事跡。
11．句意：但這位女士憑借自己的力量成為了一名環(huán)保主義者。由前句和句中轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“But”可知，此句是說(shuō)這位女士依靠自己成了一名環(huán)保主義者。on one’s own獨(dú)自，為固定短語(yǔ)，故填(o)wn。
12．句意：來(lái)自世界各地的成千上萬(wàn)的人前往大會(huì)，討論地球的明天。句中“it”指代聯(lián)合國(guó)地球峰會(huì)，由句中“to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow”可知，此句是說(shuō)很多人前往大會(huì)。head做動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“使向……進(jìn)行”，head for前往，由句意知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填(h)eaded。
13．句意：他們籌錢到里約熱內(nèi)盧去參加峰會(huì)。由句中“to”和“the summit”可知，這里是說(shuō)參加峰會(huì)。attend參加，出席，動(dòng)詞，句中用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，此處用原形，故填(a)ttend。
14．句意：在峰會(huì)上，蘇珊說(shuō)環(huán)境狀況讓她很擔(dān)心。下文說(shuō)的是蘇珊擔(dān)心的事情，所以此句是說(shuō)環(huán)境狀況讓她擔(dān)心。worry使……擔(dān)心，此句敘述的是過(guò)去的事，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填(w)orried。
15．句意：你不知道如何恢復(fù)曾經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)在沙漠里的森林。由句中“forest that once”和“where there is now desert”可知，此句是說(shuō)曾經(jīng)長(zhǎng)在沙漠里的森林。grow生長(zhǎng)，動(dòng)詞，由句意知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填(g)rew。
16．句意：如果你不知道如何修復(fù)地球，請(qǐng)停止破壞它！由前半句“If you don't know how to fix the Earth”可知，此句是說(shuō)停止破壞它。break破壞，動(dòng)詞，stop doing sth.停止做某事，故填(b)reaking。
17．句意：在平常的日子里，她還是個(gè)小學(xué)生。由后句“But during her vacations”可知，此句是說(shuō)在平常的日子里。typical代表性的，典型的，形容詞，故填(t)ypical。
18．句意：但在休假期間，她在國(guó)際上談?wù)摿谁h(huán)境問(wèn)題。閱讀短文可知，蘇珊過(guò)兩種生活，在平常的日子里是學(xué)生，在假期時(shí)，她就環(huán)境問(wèn)題發(fā)表國(guó)際性講話。speak講話，動(dòng)詞，由句意知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填(s)poke。
19．句意：盡管世界上的許多環(huán)境問(wèn)題只會(huì)變得更糟，但蘇珊確實(shí)同意有些事情現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不同了。although引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合所給首字母“w”可知，此句是說(shuō)許多環(huán)境問(wèn)題變得更糟了。worse更糟糕的，為形容詞的比較級(jí)，故填(w)orse。
20．句意：現(xiàn)在，我正在為我兒子的未來(lái)而奮斗，”蘇珊說(shuō)，她現(xiàn)在是兩個(gè)孩子的母親，她一直在呼吁人們關(guān)注氣候變化。由句中“fighting for”和“of my sons”可知，此句是說(shuō)為了孩子們的未來(lái)而奮斗。future未來(lái)，名詞，the future of……的未來(lái)，故填(f)uture。
C
（2021·天津中考真題）
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e 21 compared with other fuels (燃料). W 22 petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (過(guò)時(shí)). Instead, petrol cars became more p 23 because they could travel longer distances (距離) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c 24 more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e 25 . But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m 26 of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合動(dòng)力車), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d 27 .
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (電池) need to be recharged (再充電). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j 28 .
Many people are not p 29 with it. The government and car makers are w 30 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
【答案】
21．(e)xpensive
22．(W)hen
23．(p)opular
24．(c)aused
25．(e)ither
26．(m)ethod
27．(d)own
28．(j)ourneys
29．(p)leased
30．(w)orking
【分析】
文章講了電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)展史。
21．句意：在那個(gè)時(shí)候，汽油和其他燃料相比是昂貴的。根據(jù)“petrol prices dropped”可知之前是很昂貴的。故填(e)xpensive。
22．句意：當(dāng)汽油價(jià)格下降和新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電動(dòng)汽車不再流行。此處表示當(dāng)某事發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一件事發(fā)生了，用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故填(W)hen。
23．句意：相反，汽油汽車變得更受歡迎，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢圆煌＼囆旭偢L(zhǎng)的距離。根據(jù)“because they could travel longer distances without stopping”可知此處講到汽油汽車的優(yōu)勢(shì)，應(yīng)是變的受歡迎了，popular受歡迎的，形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填(p)opular。
24．句意：他們需要更多的燃料，而這導(dǎo)致了更多的空氣污染。根據(jù)“more air pollution”及首字母c可知此處表示引起更多污染，cause引起，再由“needed”可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填(c)aused。
25．句意：他們也不擔(dān)心汽油汽車的使用量?！癲idn’t worry about”與前面重復(fù)，由此推出是也不擔(dān)心，either也，用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
26．句意：解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的一種方法是“混合”汽車，一種部分依靠汽油，部分依靠電力的汽車。根據(jù)“solving the problem”可知講解決問(wèn)題的方法，結(jié)合首字母m可知用method表示“方法”，One后接其單數(shù)形式。故填(m)ethod。
27．句意：混合動(dòng)力汽車在2000年代開(kāi)始流行，當(dāng)時(shí)汽油價(jià)格上漲，混合動(dòng)力汽車的價(jià)格下降。根據(jù)“Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s”可知混合汽車的價(jià)格應(yīng)是下降了，go down下降。故填(d)own。
28．句意：這使得電動(dòng)汽車在長(zhǎng)途旅行中不那么有用。根據(jù)“The problem, however, is that car batteries need to be recharged.”可知電動(dòng)汽車需要在充電，不適合長(zhǎng)途旅行，journey旅行，long前沒(méi)有不定冠詞或其他限定詞，用復(fù)數(shù)形式j(luò)ourneys。故填(j)ourneys。
29．句意：很多人都不滿意。根據(jù)“That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys.”可知人們是對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車不能用于長(zhǎng)途旅行這一現(xiàn)象不滿意。be pleased with對(duì)……感到滿意。故填(p)leased。
30．句意：政府和汽車制造商正在合作開(kāi)發(fā)安全、便宜、有用的電動(dòng)汽車。根據(jù)“to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽車制造廠是一起工作，work工作，are后接現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填(w)orking。
D
（2021·江蘇揚(yáng)州市·中考真題）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號(hào)的橫線上，完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese gardens are a special form of t 31 Chinese culture and art.
At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen（擋?。﹜our view. This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w 32 you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake. The best e 33 is the Summer Palace.
Rock formations play an i 34 role in the design of a Chinese-style garden. Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese-style garden. They are as important to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i 35 Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花園）.
G 36 in the south are mostly small in size. Chinese garden designers have used the method of “borrowing scenery with a mirror（鏡子）” to create a sense of s 37 . A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the outside scenery. A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou. A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor. The whole garden will be s 38 in the mirror wherever the visitors are. A pool or a lake in a garden a 39 serves this purpose. A pool runs from south to north through the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang. East of the rockery, a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p 40 .
Whatever methods used, every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden.
【答案】
31．(t)raditional
32．(w)hen
33．(e)xample
34．(i)mportant
35．(i)ts
36．(G)ardens
37．(s)pace
38．(s)een
39．(a)lso
40．(p)ool
【分析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，向我們介紹中國(guó)園林的特點(diǎn)和風(fēng)格。
31．句意：中國(guó)園林是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化和藝術(shù)的一種特殊形式。根據(jù)“Chinese gardens are a special form of t…Chinese culture and art.”和常識(shí)可知，“傳統(tǒng)的”符合語(yǔ)境，作定語(yǔ)修飾Chinese culture and art，故填(t)raditional。
32．句意：這是為了給你一種緊張的感覺(jué)，以便之后當(dāng)你轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)大廳看到驚人的巖層和一個(gè)大湖時(shí)產(chǎn)生意想不到的喜悅。分析“This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w…you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake.”可知，“當(dāng)……時(shí)”符合語(yǔ)境，用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故填(w)hen。
33．句意：最好的例子就是頤和園。分析“The best e…is the Summer Palace.”可知，“例子”符合語(yǔ)境，此前有the best修飾，使用名詞單數(shù)，故填(e)xample。
34．句意：巖層在中式園林的設(shè)計(jì)中起著重要的作用。分析“Rock formations play an i… role in the design of a Chinese-style garden.”可知，“重要的”符合語(yǔ)境，play an important role“起到重要作用”，故填(i)mportant。
35．句意：揚(yáng)州個(gè)園以四季假山而聞名。分析“Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i…Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花園）.”可知，此處指“Ge Garden”，用it代替，作定語(yǔ)修飾“Four Seasons Rockeries”，用形容詞性物主代詞形式，故填(i)ts。
36．句意：南方的花園大多是小的。根據(jù)“G…in the south are mostly small in size.”和全文描述可知，“花園”符合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)“are”可知，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填(G)ardens。
37．句意：中國(guó)園林設(shè)計(jì)師采用“借鏡取景”的方法來(lái)營(yíng)造一種空間感。分析“Chinese garden designers have used the method of ‘borrowing scenery with a mirror（鏡子）’ to create a sense of s…”可知，是營(yíng)造空間感，a sense of space“一種空間感”，故填(s)pace。
38．句意：無(wú)論游客在哪里，整個(gè)花園都能映入鏡子。根據(jù)“The whole garden will be s…in the mirror wherever the visitors are.”可知，“看到”符合語(yǔ)境，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，will be done一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填(s)een。
39．句意：花園里的水池或湖泊也可以起到這個(gè)作用。根據(jù)前文和“A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose.”可知，此處表示“也”，用于句中，故填(a)lso。
40．句意：在假山的東面，有一個(gè)人造的月亮映在水池里。根據(jù)前文“A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose.”可知，“池塘”符合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)“a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p…”可知，此處特指表單數(shù)，故填(p)ool。
E
（2021·江蘇連云港市·中考真題）
Paper, zhi was a Chinese invention. 2, 000 years ago, Chinese people i 41 papermaking. This zhi was made o 42 silk and was very expensive. Only the emperor and rich people could a 43 to use it. 1, 900 years ago, Cai Lun improved the paper-making process.
He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth. The improvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different k 44 of zhi were made by Chinese people. Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper, best shows the charm of t 45 Chinese painting and calligraphy （書(shū)法）. Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.
【答案】
41．(i)nvented
42．(o)f
43．(a)fford
44．(k)inds
45．(t)raditional
【分析】
文章大意：本文講述了紙的發(fā)展歷史。2000年前，中國(guó)人發(fā)明了造紙術(shù)。1900年前，蔡倫改進(jìn)了造紙工藝。后來(lái)，中國(guó)人發(fā)明了許多不同種類的紙，并由絲綢之路傳播到西方。
41．句意：2000年前，中國(guó)人發(fā)明了造紙術(shù)。根據(jù)上文“Paper, zhi5 was a Chinese invention.”結(jié)合“2, 000 years ago, Chinese people … papermaking.”及首字母提示，可知2000年前，中國(guó)人發(fā)明了造紙術(shù)。invent“發(fā)明”，動(dòng)詞，句子時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填(i)nvented。
42．句意：這種紙是用絲綢制成的，非常昂貴。根據(jù)“This zhi was made … silk and was very expensive.”結(jié)合首字母提示，可知此處考查固定詞組be made of“由……制成”，故填(o)f。
43．句意：只有皇帝和有錢人才買得起去使用。根據(jù)上文“was very expensive.”結(jié)合“Only the emperor and rich people could … to use it.”及首字母提示，可知紙非常昂貴，只有皇帝和有錢人才買得起去使用，afford“買得起、負(fù)擔(dān)得起”，動(dòng)詞，前面有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，因此這里用動(dòng)詞原形，故填(a)fford。
44．句意：中國(guó)人發(fā)明了許多不同種類的紙。根據(jù)“and many different … of zhi were made by Chinese people.”結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及首字母提示，可知中國(guó)人發(fā)明了許多不同種類的紙，different kinds of?“不同種類的”，故填(k)inds。
45．句意：宣紙是一種高質(zhì)量的蒲草紙，最能體現(xiàn)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)書(shū)畫的魅力。根據(jù)“Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper,”結(jié)合“best shows the charm of … Chinese painting and calligraphy.”及首字母提示，可知宣紙最能體現(xiàn)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)書(shū)畫的魅力，“傳統(tǒng)的”traditional?，形容詞，符合題意，故填(t)raditional。
【2020年】
2020年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題20 短文填空
考點(diǎn)1首字母填空
Passage 1（2020 ?南通市）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)各題所給首字母的提示，寫出一個(gè)合適的英語(yǔ)單詞完整正確的形式，使短文通順。
Reyes Guana grew up in a poor Mexican family. He has seven brothers and sisters. His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet. At weekends, the whole f____66____ went to fields to work. When the children were young, they stayed in the car. As they grew o____67____, they worked, too.
As a boy, Guana was a “very shy” child who was very q___68___ in school. He had few friends but he had a good relationship with the school cleaner. He liked to call the friendly lady “Nike” because she usually wore Nike clothes and shoes. Nike was well organized and the boy liked h___69___ she made everything clean. He told her he wanted to be a cleaner, too. “Well, it’s good if you want to be a cleaner,” Nike said to little Guana with k___70___. “But make sure you go to college and make it as one of your steps there.”
Guana also looked up to the principal (校長(zhǎng)) of his school. He was a tall and good-looking man. Also, he always went to someone in n____71____. The principal told the boy that his job was to help students and teachers. “Wow, when I grow up, I want to do what you’re doing.” “Well, you can do it!” the principal r___72___. Guana did get there, and the two men remain friends. The former principal is now almost 90 years old.
But b___73___ becoming a school principal, Guana followed in Nike’s footsteps and worked for three schools in Lodi, California. And being a cleaner at a school made him think about how to show respect for everyone in an organization. In Guana’s school system today, everyone is i____74____ to parties and events. Everyone is important not only the people who clean the floors or drive the buses but also the people who teach the students or lead the schools.
He never f___75___ where he came from, or how he felt. Now, Guana tells his own three children how important an education is for their lives.
本文講述了小時(shí)候家庭貧困的瓜納從一個(gè)學(xué)校清潔工變成學(xué)校系統(tǒng)的管理者的故事，告訴我們?nèi)绻胍龀梢患虑?，并且足夠努力地工作，就可以?shí)現(xiàn)它。
66. family【解析】句意：周末，全家都去田里干活。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“全家人去田里干活”，family一家人，為集合名詞，在句中做主語(yǔ)，故填family。
67. older【解析】句意：隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他們也在工作。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)”，grow older意為“年齡增長(zhǎng)”，故填older。
68. quiet【解析】句意：小時(shí)候，瓜納是個(gè)“很害羞”的孩子，在學(xué)校里很安靜。
根據(jù)“Guana was a ‘very shy’ child”，可知他在學(xué)校應(yīng)該很安靜，quiet安靜的，是形容詞，在句中作表語(yǔ)，故填quiet。
69. how【解析】句意：耐克很有條理，這個(gè)男孩喜歡她如何把一切都弄干凈。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“喜歡她如何把一切都弄干凈”，how如何，疑問(wèn)詞，故填how。
70. kindness【解析】句意：“耐克”和善地對(duì)小瓜納說(shuō)：“嗯，如果你想當(dāng)清潔工，那很好?！薄８鶕?jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“耐克和善地對(duì)小瓜納說(shuō)”，kindness和善，是名詞，在句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，故填kindness。
71. need【解析】句意：而且，他總是去幫有困難的人。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“去幫有困難的人”，in need在危難中，故填need。
72. replied【解析】句意：“好吧，你能做到的!”校長(zhǎng)回答。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“校長(zhǎng)回答到”，reply回答，是動(dòng)詞，此部分是過(guò)去時(shí)敘述，所以應(yīng)用reply的過(guò)去式replied，故填replied。
73. before【解析】句意：但在成為學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)之前，瓜納追隨耐克的腳步，在加州洛迪的三所學(xué)校工作。
根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“在成為學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)之前”，before意為“在……之前”，是連詞，故填before。
74. invited【解析】句意：在瓜納如今的學(xué)校系統(tǒng)中，每個(gè)人都被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)和活動(dòng)。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“每個(gè)人都被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)和活動(dòng)”，invite邀請(qǐng)，因?yàn)槭潜粍?dòng)關(guān)系，所以用invite的過(guò)去分詞invited，故填invited。
75. forgets【解析】句意：他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記自己來(lái)自何方，也不忘自己的感受。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知是指“他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記”，forget忘記，是動(dòng)詞，分析句子可知此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為he，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞forget用單三形式forgets，故填forgets。
Passage 2（2020 ?泰州市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，補(bǔ)全空格內(nèi)單詞，使短文完整、通順（請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上寫出完整單詞）。


Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long. The same is true with poems. If we were lucky e_____71_____, we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once. But usually we need to spend a little t_____72_____ or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today I’d like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better.
Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it. Sometimes a poem that seems b_____73_____ on first reading becomes interesting with more reading. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you’re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but l_____74_____ it touches your heart.
Keep a d_____75_____ at hand when you are reading poems. Poets like to use unusual words. Instead of skipping over (跳過(guò)) these words or trying to g____76____ their meanings, look them up.
Read aloud and listen to the poem. Reading aloud will make the poem’s rhythm clear. Besides, a poet’s reading is very helpful b_____77_____ we can understand the poem’s meanings from where the poet places emphasis (強(qiáng)調(diào)) or pauses (停頓).
After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider w_____78_____it is saying. Sometimes its meanings are better understood t_____79_____ repeated reading. Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem.
It is h_____80_____ to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems, but reading practices will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem.
這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹詩(shī)歌閱讀的方法，通過(guò)閱讀練習(xí)能明白詩(shī)歌的含義，并加深對(duì)詩(shī)歌的理解。
71. enough【解析】句意：如果我們足夠幸運(yùn)，我們打開(kāi)一本書(shū)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一首詩(shī)立刻吸引了我們。lucky后面用副詞enough，表示 “足夠幸運(yùn)”。故答案為enough。
72. time【解析】句意：但是通常我們需要花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間或一點(diǎn)努力才能真正地懂得一首詩(shī)。根據(jù)“spend a little”可知此處用 不可數(shù)名詞time表示“花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間”，故答案為time。
73. boring【解析】句意：有時(shí)候一首詩(shī)第一次讀看起來(lái)很無(wú)聊，多讀幾遍就變得有趣。根據(jù)“on first reading becomes interesting with more reading”可知此處用interesting的反義詞boring表示“無(wú)聊的”。故答案為boring。
74. later【解析】句意：有時(shí)你第一次讀一首詩(shī)只是情緒不太對(duì)，但是后來(lái)它會(huì)觸動(dòng)你的內(nèi)心。根據(jù)“the first time”以及首字母提示可知此處用副詞later表示“后來(lái)”。故答案為later。
75. diary【解析】句意：當(dāng)你讀詩(shī)的時(shí)候，隨手記日記。不定冠詞a后面用單數(shù)名詞；此處用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)keep a diary表示“記日記”，故答案為diary。
76. guess【解析】句意：不要跳過(guò)這些單詞或者試著猜測(cè)它們含義，去查找它們的含義。此處用try to do。根據(jù)“instead of”可知前面部分否定了跳過(guò)單詞和猜測(cè)單詞含義的做法，而肯定后者“l(fā)ook them up”。此處用動(dòng)詞原形guess。故答案為guess。
77. because【解析】句意：而且，一個(gè)詩(shī)人的閱讀很有幫助因?yàn)槲覀儚脑?shī)人強(qiáng)調(diào)和停頓的地方可以明白詩(shī)歌的含義。后面是講述的原因，此處用連詞because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。故答案為because。
78. what【解析】句意：在你讀完一首詩(shī)歌之后，花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間思考它在說(shuō)什么。consider后面是賓語(yǔ)從句；it指的是“a poem”，此處表達(dá)“讀的這首詩(shī)歌在說(shuō)什么”，賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用what。故答案為what。
79. through【解析】句意：有時(shí)候，通過(guò)重復(fù)閱讀，詩(shī)歌的含義能更好地被理解。此處是方式狀語(yǔ)，用介詞through表示“通過(guò)”，故答案為through。
80. hard【解析】句意：很難說(shuō)閱讀詩(shī)歌方式是對(duì)是錯(cuò)，但是閱讀練習(xí)會(huì)豐富你的體驗(yàn)，增加你的樂(lè)趣，加深你對(duì)詩(shī)歌的理解。此處it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式“to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems”，此處表示“to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems”，根據(jù)首字母提示用形容詞hard。故答案為hard。
Passage 3（2020 ?徐州市）
A）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，寫出所缺單詞，使短文完整、通順。
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyone was silent, waiting to see w_____61_____ would be called to read his or her article aloud. Some of us were confident and couldn’t wait to take p_____62_____ in the class activity; others were nervous. I had done my homework, but I was shy — I was a_____63_____ to speak in front of a large group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father o_____64_____ said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that i_____65_____ learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediately, I raised my hand.
本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了寫作課上作者克服恐懼心理主動(dòng)回答問(wèn)題的故事。
61. who【解析】句意：每個(gè)人都默不作聲，等著看誰(shuí)會(huì)被叫來(lái)大聲朗讀他或她的文章。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我們等著看誰(shuí)會(huì)被叫起來(lái)大聲朗讀自己的文章，故此處應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。故答案為who。
62. part【解析】句意：我們中有些人很自信，迫不及待地想?yún)⒓影嗉?jí)活動(dòng)；有些人則很緊張。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我們中有些人迫不及待地想?yún)⒓影嗉?jí)活動(dòng)，take part in參加，固定短語(yǔ)。故答案為part。
63. afraid/ashamed【解析】句意：我已經(jīng)做了家庭作業(yè)，但我很害羞——我不敢在一大群人面前講話/我羞于在一大群人面前講話。根據(jù)前文“but I was shy”可知，我做了家庭作業(yè)，但是我很害羞，羞于/害怕在很多人前講話。be afraid/ashamed to do sth害怕/羞于做某事，固定短語(yǔ)。故答案為afraid/ashamed。
64. once/often【解析】句意：那一刻，我想起父親曾經(jīng)/經(jīng)常說(shuō)：“教室是學(xué)習(xí)的地方，它包括從課本中學(xué)習(xí)，也包括從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)?！备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境可知，那一刻我想到了父親經(jīng)常說(shuō)的話/曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的話，故此處應(yīng)為副詞once/often曾經(jīng)/經(jīng)常。故答案為once/often。
65. includes【解析】句意：教室是學(xué)習(xí)的地方，它包括從課本中學(xué)習(xí)，也包括從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，教室是學(xué)習(xí)的地方，它包括從課本中學(xué)習(xí)，也包括從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。includ包括，動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句中is可知，本句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)The classroom為第三人稱單數(shù)，故此處應(yīng)用其單三形式。故答案為includes。
Passage 4（2020 ?鹽城市）
（三）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使其意思完整。
Dear Peter
I'm so excited. Guess what—it's my Dad's 40th b___71___ next week, so we’re going to London to celebrate it! Cool, uh?
We're flying over on Thursday evening. As soon as we a___72___, we’ll go on a tour of the city. We'll take a trip on the River Thames, which divides the city into two parts. This way, we can see almost every place of i___73___in London.
On F___74___morning, were going to the Tate Modern. Since it's not f___75___from our hotel, we’re going to the London Eye. I can’t w___76___to see the Houses of Parliament from up there!
Saturday is for s___77___. Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a p___78___. We’re going to Portobello Road in the morning. Then in the afternoon, we'll visit Harrods—the most famous shop in London! Dad’s not very happy about it, but I'm sure he'll e___79___it when we're there.
On Sunday morning, were going to Hyde Park, and we’re going home by p____80____in the afternoon.
It's my dream trip—and it's happening!
Hope everything’s OK with you.

Lots of love
Cynthia
這篇短文講述的是作者爸爸的生日快到了，他們決定去倫敦玩幾天來(lái)慶祝一下。文章中介紹了他們?nèi)惗睾蟮男谐贪才拧?br /> 71. birthday【解析】句意：你猜怎么著——下周是我爸爸四十歲的生日，所以我們要去倫敦慶祝一下！根據(jù)空前40th和句中的celebrate“慶?！笨芍@里應(yīng)表示“四十歲生日”，考查birthday，是一個(gè)名詞。故答案為birthday。
72. arrive【解析】句意：我們一到那里，就去游覽城市。根據(jù)文意可知，作者一家決定去倫敦，句中“go on a tour of the city”去這個(gè)城市游覽，所以這里表示“到達(dá)那里”，考查arrive，是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞；短文以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)為主，as soon as引導(dǎo)的從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用原形。故答案為arrive。
73. interest【解析】句意：這樣，我們幾乎可以看到倫敦的每一個(gè)名勝古跡。根據(jù)句意可知，這里考查的是短語(yǔ)place of interest，意為“名勝古跡”，interest是名詞，意為“興趣”。故答案為interest。
74. Friday【解析】句意：星期五早上，我們要去泰特現(xiàn)代美術(shù)館。根據(jù)上一段“We're flying over on Thursday evening.”和下一段“Saturday is for…”可知，作者一家星期四出發(fā)，下一段提到了星期六，因此這一段說(shuō)的是星期五的行程。故答案為Friday。
75. far【解析】句意：因?yàn)殡x我們住的旅館不遠(yuǎn)，我們要去倫敦眼。根據(jù)句意可知，這里考查的是短語(yǔ)be far from…“離……遠(yuǎn)”，far是形容詞，意為“遠(yuǎn)的”。故答案為far。
76. wait【解析】句意：我迫不及待地想從那里看到國(guó)會(huì)大廈！根據(jù)句意和單詞的首字母可知，這里考查wait，意為“等，等待”，用于句型can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待去做某事”。故答案為wait。
77. shopping【解析】句意：星期六是購(gòu)物的日子。下文“Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a…we'll visit Harrods-the most famous shop in London!”提到了買東西和倫敦最出名的商店，結(jié)合單詞的首字母可知，這里考查shop，意為“購(gòu)物”?？涨癴or是介詞，這里應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式。故答案為shopping。
78. present【解析】句意：媽媽建議我買一個(gè)玩具熊給我的表弟作為禮物。根據(jù)文意和常識(shí)可知，作者一家出去游玩，買東西送給表弟，當(dāng)然是給他的禮物。因此這里考查的是present，是一個(gè)名詞，意為“禮物”，空前有a修飾，名詞用單數(shù)。故答案為present。
79. enjoy【解析】句意：爸爸對(duì)此不太高興，但我相信他在那兒會(huì)很高興的。句中but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，現(xiàn)在爸爸對(duì)此不高興，但等到了那兒他就會(huì)高興的。結(jié)合單詞首字母，這里考查enjoy，意為“喜歡”?？涨癶e’ll是he will的縮寫，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為enjoy。
80. plane【解析】句意：星期天上午，我們?nèi)ズ５鹿珗@，下午乘飛機(jī)回家?？涨癰y表示“乘坐（交通工具）”，結(jié)合單詞的首字母可知，這里考查的是plane，意為“飛機(jī)”。故答案為plane。
Passage 5（2020 ?揚(yáng)州市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示, 在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號(hào)的橫線上, 完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。
Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w ____66____ whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there.
During the ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔術(shù)), and sunny skies. My wife m____67____ our homeland too. As a musician, it would be e____68____ for her to do her work in Brazil. But in the United Kingdom, I had the funding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career?
A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away. The great happiness I felt about my son’s birth suddenly gave way to deep s____69____. We had no doubt it was the right time to r ____70____ to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b____71____ received offers.
H ____72____, it wasn’t easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didn’t receive any start-up funding for my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists and can a____73____ expensive lab resources.
We are living the lives we wanted to live-working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c ____74____in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I haven’t been able to do during my years a_____75_____. My wife and I feel happy to find a way home.
本文介紹作者和妻子因?yàn)榧彝プ児逝e家搬回祖國(guó)巴西的經(jīng)歷。
66. wondered【解析】句意：我們想知道我們是否應(yīng)該搬回到我們的祖國(guó)巴西。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處用于句中作謂語(yǔ)，表示“想知道”，可用wonder表示，根據(jù)前文“Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born.”可知，本文陳述過(guò)去的事情，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以此處用其過(guò)去式形式。故填wondered。
67. missed【解析】句意：我的妻子也想念我們的故鄉(xiāng)。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處用于句中作謂語(yǔ)，表示“思念”，可用miss表示，根據(jù)前文“Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born.”可知，本文陳述過(guò)去的事情，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以此處用其過(guò)去式形式。故填missed。
68. easier【解析】句意：作為一名音樂(lè)家，對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)在巴西工作將會(huì)更容易。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處用于句中作表語(yǔ)，表示“容易的，簡(jiǎn)單的”，可用easy表示，分析語(yǔ)境可知，此處暗含比較含義，所以用其形容詞比較級(jí)形式。故填easier。
69. sadness【解析】句意：兒子出生帶給我的巨大幸福突然化為深深的悲痛。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處用于句中作賓語(yǔ)，表示“悲痛”，可用sadness表示，sadness是不可數(shù)名詞，所以用其原形即可。故填sadness。
70. return【解析】句意：我們毫不懷疑這就是回到巴西的正確時(shí)間。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處表示“返回，回到”，可用return表示，用于“it is the+ adj+ time to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)中，所以用其原形即可。故填return。
71. both【解析】句意：我們申請(qǐng)了家鄉(xiāng)一所大學(xué)的教授職位，并且兩人都收到了錄用通知。根據(jù)首字母提示和前半句“We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown”可知，此處表示“兩者都”，可用both表示，指代前半句中的we，所以用其原形即可。故填both。
72. However【解析】句意：然而，在巴西開(kāi)始我的研究并不容易。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處用于句中構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，表示“然而”，可用however表示，用于句首需大寫首字母。故填However。
73. afford【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在，多虧了巴西的資助，我擁有了一個(gè)由聰明的年輕科學(xué)家組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)，并且能負(fù)擔(dān)得起昂貴的實(shí)驗(yàn)室資源。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處用于句中作謂語(yǔ)，表示“負(fù)擔(dān)得起”，可用afford表示，又因?yàn)橛糜谇閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞can之后，所以用其動(dòng)詞原形即可。故填afford。
74. culture【解析】句意：我們過(guò)著我們想要的生活——從事有意義的研究，感覺(jué)離我們家鄉(xiāng)的家庭和文化更近了。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處用于句中作賓語(yǔ)，表示“文化”，可用culture表示，culture是不可數(shù)名詞，所以用其原形即可。故填culture。
75. away【解析】句意：我開(kāi)始進(jìn)行巴西柔術(shù)訓(xùn)練，這是我多年來(lái)在外面無(wú)法做到的。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處用于句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“在外面”，可用away表示，所以用其副詞形式即可。故填away。
Passage 6（2020 ?鎮(zhèn)江市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及所給首字母提示寫出所缺單詞，使短文意思完整，每空一詞。
A man had a garden. He planted a rose and watered it c___46___. Before the rose blossomed(盛開(kāi)), he noticed many thorns(刺) around the bud(花蕾) and he thought, “H___47___ can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns?” Because of this i___48___, he lost interest in this kind of plant, then he gave up watering the rose. And just b___49___ it was ready to blossom, it died.
Good qualities are just like roses. There is a rose in e___50___ spirit. The good qualities planted in us at birth, grow among the thorns — our weaknesses. Many of us look at o___51___ and we only see our weaknesses. We lose heart, thinking that n___52___ good can possibly come from us. We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die. We never realize the g___53___ of being able to find out our good qualities.
Someone may not see the rose in himself, so we need to help him d___54___ the rose. With love, we can accept a person into our life, even though we know his true weaknesses. At the same time, we should e____55____ him to face his weaknesses bravely and correct them. Then he will blossom many times.
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，把玫瑰比喻作人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，人們要做的是找出這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)并呵護(hù)它們。
46. carefully【解析】句意：他種下了一朵玫瑰，并小心翼翼地為它澆水?？崭裉幩o首字母為c。根據(jù)下文Because of this idea, he lost interest in this kind of plant可知，這個(gè)人原本對(duì)這朵玫瑰充滿了興趣，所以照料起來(lái)也是十分仔細(xì)、小心翼翼的。carefully作副詞，意為“小心翼翼地”，修飾謂語(yǔ)watered，故答案為carefully。
47. How【解析】句意：長(zhǎng)有這么多尖刺的植物怎么會(huì)開(kāi)出美麗的花呢？空格處所給首字母為H。根據(jù)下文then he gave up watering the rose可知，玫瑰長(zhǎng)有刺讓他無(wú)法接受，故此處說(shuō)的是“長(zhǎng)有這么多尖刺的植物怎么會(huì)開(kāi)出美麗的花呢？”。故答案為How。
48. idea【解析】句意：因?yàn)檫@個(gè)想法，他對(duì)玫瑰這種植物失去了興趣?？崭裉幩o首字母為i。根據(jù)上文How can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns?可知，此處說(shuō)的是“因?yàn)檫@個(gè)想法，他對(duì)玫瑰這種植物失去了興趣”。idea作名詞，意為“想法”，空格前為指示代詞this，故idea應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故答案為idea。
49. before【解析】句意：在它準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)花前，它就枯死了。空格處所給首字母為b。根據(jù)上文then he gave up watering the rose可知，他不再給玫瑰澆水了，所以花開(kāi)之前，花就枯死了。before作介詞，意為“在……之前”，符合句意，故答案為before。
50. every/each/ everyone's/everybody's【解析】句意：每個(gè)人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰?？崭裉幩o首字母為e。結(jié)合上下文Good qualities are just like roses和The good qualities planted in us at birth可知，一個(gè)人的好品質(zhì)就像玫瑰，此處說(shuō)的是“每個(gè)人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰”。故答案為every/ each/ everyone’s/ everybody’s。
51. ourselves【解析】句意：我們中的許多人只看到自己的弱點(diǎn)?？崭裉幩o首字母為o。根據(jù)下文We lose heart, thinking that nothing good can possibly come from us可知，此處說(shuō)的是“我們中的許多人只看到自己的弱點(diǎn)”。ourselves作反身代詞，意為“我們自己”，符合句意，故答案為ourselves。
52. nothing【解析】句意：我們失去了信心，認(rèn)為自己身上不會(huì)有什么好品質(zhì)?？崭裉幩o首字母為n。根據(jù)上文Many of us look at ourselves and we only see our weaknesses可知，很多人只看到了自己的缺點(diǎn)，故此處說(shuō)的是“我們失去了信心，認(rèn)為自己身上不會(huì)有什么好品質(zhì)”。nothing作代詞，意為“沒(méi)有什么”，符合句意，故答案為nothing。
53. gift(s)【解析】句意：我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自己擁有能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)的天賦?？崭裉幩o首字母為g。根據(jù)上文We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die可知，人們放棄了發(fā)現(xiàn)培養(yǎng)自己的好品質(zhì)，任由它們漸漸消失，故此處說(shuō)的是“我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自己擁有能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)的天賦”。gift作名詞，意為“天賦”，此處無(wú)明顯提示詞，故名詞gift可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為gift(s)。
54. discover【解析】句意：所以我們需要幫助他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的那朵玫瑰?？崭裉幩o首字母為d。根據(jù)上文Someone may not see the rose in himself可知，有些人沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)自己所擁有的玫瑰（指好品質(zhì)），故此處說(shuō)的是“所以我們需要幫助他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的那朵玫瑰”。discover作動(dòng)詞，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，且位于help sb. do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中，故答案為discover。
55. encourage【解析】句意：同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他勇敢地面對(duì)自己的弱點(diǎn)并加以改正。空格處所給首字母為e。根據(jù)下文face his weaknesses bravely and correct them可知，一個(gè)人要面對(duì)自己的弱點(diǎn)并改正它們是需要很大的勇氣的，所以要鼓勵(lì)他們?nèi)ミ@么做。故此處說(shuō)的是“同時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)他勇敢地面對(duì)自己的弱點(diǎn)并加以改正”。encourage作動(dòng)詞，意為“鼓勵(lì)”，空格前為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should，故encourage應(yīng)用原形，故答案為encourage。
Passage 7（2020 ?上海市）
"Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!" Henry cried loudly． "I'm not eating this!" Henry's mum and dad looked at each other．This was the second time this week that Henry had c81． about his dinner．
"We're going to let you take over dinnertime．You can pick the food and cook your meals，'Mum said．
"Good．We're going to eat good food every night!" Henry answered．
The next day，Henry sat down to write the meal p82．"We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow，" Henry said．
"Are we going to have anything e83．besides chicken？We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal，"，said Mum．
"We can have cabbage，"Henry said．
After he finished shopping，it was time to make his f84．meal．He believed that this would be his favourite meal．Since he had never cooked，his parents were both there to help him． "There's a lot to do，"Henry thought，as he looked at the mess in the kitchen．He was usually playing games outside while his parents were making dinner．
It took almost two hours to cook．When dinner was finally finished，Henry was tired and h85．．But he was so excited—he made dinner!
"I don't like cabbage，" cried Sophia，Henry's little sister，at the table．Henry felt quite upset．He had worked so hard on dinner，but it was i86．to get everyone happy about every part of every meal!
"I'm sorry．I didn't know this could be so hard，" Henry felt like he might cry．He began to r87．how his parents felt every time at the dinner table．
"It's 0K，Henry．You worked really hard．We' ll take back dinner responsibilities． You'll have to do it enough when you're grown up，"Dad said．
Henry felt released．He happily finished his dinner and never got angry at dinner table again．
文章主要講Herry因?qū)ν盹埶缘氖澄锊粷M而爸媽提議以后讓他自己做飯的故事。故事中，Herry按照計(jì)劃好的菜單計(jì)劃去購(gòu)物，然后花了差不多兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間做好飯，最后他的妹妹卻說(shuō)不喜歡卷心菜。這時(shí)，他才意識(shí)到做大家都滿意的飯菜是很難的，并意識(shí)到了每次父母吃飯時(shí)的感受，最后他得到了父母的理解并釋懷了，以后再也不會(huì)在吃飯時(shí)生氣了。
81．complained【解析】句意：這是亨利本周第二次抱怨他的晚餐了。考查動(dòng)詞。由上文“Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!...I'm not eating this!”可知，“亨利不喜歡吃肉丸——他對(duì)晚飯不滿”。那么，結(jié)合首字母提示可知空格處表示“抱怨（complain）”。再根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)（had+過(guò)去分詞）可知，題干應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故答案為complained。
82．plan【解析】句意：亨利坐下來(lái)寫用餐計(jì)劃。考查名詞。由下文“We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow”及首字母提示可知，上文句意為“亨利坐下來(lái)寫用餐計(jì)劃”，所以空格處應(yīng)填plan，“計(jì)劃”，名詞。故答案為plan。
83．else【解析】句意：除了雞肉，我們還吃別的嗎？考查形容詞。由下文“We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal”及首字母提示可知，上文句意為“除了雞肉，我們還吃別的嗎？”所以空格處應(yīng)填else，“其他的”，形容詞，常用于不定代詞后。故答案為else。
84．first【解析】句意：他買完?yáng)|西后，該是他做第一頓飯的時(shí)間了?？疾樾驍?shù)詞。根據(jù)上下文及首字母提示可知，“這是亨利第一次做飯”，所以此空應(yīng)填first，“第一”，序數(shù)詞。故答案為first。
85．hungry【解析】句意，當(dāng)晚飯終于做好了，Herry（感到）又累又餓?？疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此空應(yīng)填hungry，“饑餓的”，形容詞，在句中作表語(yǔ)。故答案為hungry。
86．impossible【解析】句意：但要讓每個(gè)人對(duì)每頓飯的每一部分都感到高興是不可能的！考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此空應(yīng)填impossible，“不可能的”，形容詞。It is/was+形容詞+(for sb.)to do sth.是固定句式，意為“（對(duì)某人而言）做某事是……”。故答案為impossible。
87．realize【解析】句意：他開(kāi)始意識(shí)到他父母每次吃飯時(shí)的感受?？疾閯?dòng)詞。begin to do sth.開(kāi)始做某事，固定搭配。再根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此空應(yīng)填realize，“意識(shí)到”，動(dòng)詞。故答案為realize。
【點(diǎn)睛】
題目要求根據(jù)首字母提示填寫適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~補(bǔ)全短文，考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解能力及對(duì)所學(xué)詞匯的把握和運(yùn)用能力。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)先把上下文語(yǔ)境或句意與首字母提示結(jié)合起來(lái)，推出所需單詞，然后根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)填寫單詞的適當(dāng)形式。
Passage 8（2020 ?四川攀枝花）
Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything through his whole life. W61．you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her a62．. When you are ill, she stops her work at once to look after you day and night and forgets about h63．.
When you are g64．up day by day, mother feels very happy. When you are old e65．to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back f66．school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w67．a(chǎn)bout you at home. She usually knows your study and s68．much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be seen on her f69．.
Mother is always ready to give everything she h70．to her children, but not to receive. What true love that is in the world！We will remember Mother Love forever.
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，闡述了母愛(ài)是世界上最真實(shí)、偉大的愛(ài)。并且詳細(xì)闡述了在一個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中，母愛(ài)是如何伴隨著我們。
61．When【解析】句意：當(dāng)你還是一個(gè)小嬰兒，母親盡可能多地照顧你。此處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，根據(jù)首字母w，可知是表時(shí)間，用when引導(dǎo)，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，故答案為When。
62．a(chǎn)rms【解析】句意：當(dāng)你醒著時(shí)，她總是把你摟在臂彎中。此處作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞；根據(jù)前文holds you，可知此處是arm手臂，此處用復(fù)數(shù)，表示“雙臂中”，故答案為arms。
63．herself【解析】句意：當(dāng)你生病了，她立刻停下工作，日日夜夜地照顧你，忘了她自己。此處作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)，又指的是主語(yǔ)mother，可知用反身代詞，故答案為herself。
64．growing【解析】句意：當(dāng)你一天天長(zhǎng)大，母親非常開(kāi)心。此處和其前be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be doing，可知填現(xiàn)在分詞；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和首字母g，可知是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)grow up長(zhǎng)大，故答案為growing。
65．enough【解析】句意：當(dāng)你年齡大到足夠去上學(xué)，媽媽仍然一直照顧著你。此處修飾其前形容詞old，應(yīng)該用副詞；根據(jù)首字母e，可知是enough足夠，是副詞，構(gòu)成固定搭配be+adj.+enough+to do，意為“足夠……做某事”，故答案為enough。
66．from【解析】句意：她總是站在風(fēng)中，等你從學(xué)?；貋?lái)。此處缺介詞，根據(jù)首字母f，可知是from，意為“從……”，故答案為from。
67．worried【解析】句意：當(dāng)你幾乎不吃早餐，匆忙離開(kāi)家去學(xué)校，她總是在家擔(dān)心著你。此處作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成固定詞組feel worried about，意為“擔(dān)心”，故答案為worried。
68．spends【解析】句意：她通常知道你的學(xué)習(xí)情況，花許多錢在你的學(xué)習(xí)資料上。此處和前文knows一起作并列謂語(yǔ)，可知也用動(dòng)詞三單；根據(jù)固定搭配spend money on sth.，意為“花費(fèi)金錢在某事上”，可知用spend，主語(yǔ)為she，故答案為spends。
69．face【解析】句意：當(dāng)你在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)好了，最明亮的笑容會(huì)出現(xiàn)在她臉上。此處作介詞on的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞；根據(jù)前文說(shuō)是微笑，可知此處是face臉，是名詞，空格前為her，名詞用單數(shù)，故答案為face。
70．has【解析】句意：母親總是準(zhǔn)備把她擁有的一切給孩子，但從不奢求回報(bào)。此處作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)為everything，可知此處是have，意為“擁有”；根據(jù)主語(yǔ)she為三單，可知?jiǎng)釉~也用三單，故答案為has。
Passage 9（2020 ?天津市）
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’? This is just another way of saying that it’s n56． to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home?
What do you like best about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e57． staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a58． thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable b59． that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a q60． place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s61． about your day.
How do you help at home?
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭雜務(wù)) l62． cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院勞動(dòng)) at your house? When families work t63． to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h64． lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w65． you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
文章介紹了諺語(yǔ)“回家真好”，人們喜歡家里的什么，以及在家能幫忙做什么家務(wù)事等等。
56．nice【解析】句意：這只是另一種方式說(shuō)回家很好！根據(jù)句意理解及前句Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home”?可知，這里表達(dá)的是“回家真好”，空格表示的是“好的”，在句中作表語(yǔ)，所以用形容詞nice，故答案為nice。
57．enjoy【解析】句意：也許你喜歡和爸爸媽媽呆在一起。根據(jù)句意理解及前句Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.可知，這里表達(dá)的是“喜歡”，英語(yǔ)是enjoy，前句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以這里也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第二人稱，所以動(dòng)詞用原形，故答案為enjoy。
58．a(chǎn)nother【解析】句意：你的臥室是另一個(gè)讓家變得特別的東西。根據(jù)句意理解及前句Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.可知，這里表達(dá)的是“另一個(gè)”，英語(yǔ)是another，表示不確定數(shù)目的另一個(gè)，故答案為another。
59．bed【解析】句意：這是你在上面睡的舒適的床嗎？根據(jù)句意理解及空格后that you sleep on可知，這里說(shuō)的是“床”，英語(yǔ)是bed，而這里指的是“你睡覺(jué)的床”，所以應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，故答案為bed。
60．quiet【解析】句意：也許你喜歡有一個(gè)安靜的地方看書(shū)或思考你的一天。根據(jù)句意理解及后句to read a book or to think about your day可知，這里表達(dá)的是“安靜的”，英語(yǔ)是quiet，在句中修飾的是空格后面的名詞place，故答案為quiet。
61．stories【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在是分享你一天中有趣故事的時(shí)候了。根據(jù)句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的about your day可知，這里指的是“故事”，英語(yǔ)是story，是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，所以這里應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示很多有趣的故事，故答案為stories。
62．like【解析】句意：你家里的家務(wù)活是誰(shuí)干的，比如打掃衛(wèi)生、做飯和庭院勞動(dòng)？根據(jù)句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cooking, and yardwork可知，空格后面是舉例家務(wù)，所以這里表達(dá)的是“像，比如”，英語(yǔ)是介詞like，故答案為like。
63．together【解析】句意：當(dāng)一家人一起做家務(wù)時(shí)……根據(jù)句意理解及后句it makes them easier and more fun for everyone.可知，這里表達(dá)的是“一起工作”，英語(yǔ)是work together，所以空格缺的是“一起”，故答案為together。
64．help【解析】句意：也許你可以幫忙擺好餐桌或者清潔一下。根據(jù)句意理解及后句lay the dinner table or clear the places可知，這里表達(dá)的是“幫助”，英語(yǔ)是help，而空格前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，所以這里應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為help。
65．when【解析】句意：想想你能做些什么，這樣當(dāng)你每天回家時(shí)，你可以說(shuō)，“家，溫馨的家！”根據(jù)句意理解可知，這里是一個(gè)含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，所以空格缺的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，表示的是“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，所以空格應(yīng)該用when來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故答案為when。
Passage 10 （2020 ?赤峰市）
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’? This is just another way of saying that it’s n56． to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home?
What do you like best about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e57． staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a58． thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable b59． that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a q60． place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s61． about your day.
How do you help at home?
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭雜務(wù)) l62． cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院勞動(dòng)) at your house? When families work t63． to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h64． lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w65． you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
文章介紹了諺語(yǔ)“回家真好”，人們喜歡家里的什么，以及在家能幫忙做什么家務(wù)事等等。
56．nice【解析】句意：這只是另一種方式說(shuō)回家很好！根據(jù)句意理解及前句Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home”?可知，這里表達(dá)的是“回家真好”，空格表示的是“好的”，在句中作表語(yǔ)，所以用形容詞nice，故答案為nice。
57．enjoy【解析】句意：也許你喜歡和爸爸媽媽呆在一起。根據(jù)句意理解及前句Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.可知，這里表達(dá)的是“喜歡”，英語(yǔ)是enjoy，前句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以這里也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第二人稱，所以動(dòng)詞用原形，故答案為enjoy。
58．a(chǎn)nother【解析】句意：你的臥室是另一個(gè)讓家變得特別的東西。根據(jù)句意理解及前句Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.可知，這里表達(dá)的是“另一個(gè)”，英語(yǔ)是another，表示不確定數(shù)目的另一個(gè)，故答案為another。
59．bed【解析】句意：這是你在上面睡的舒適的床嗎？根據(jù)句意理解及空格后that you sleep on可知，這里說(shuō)的是“床”，英語(yǔ)是bed，而這里指的是“你睡覺(jué)的床”，所以應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，故答案為bed。
60．quiet【解析】句意：也許你喜歡有一個(gè)安靜的地方看書(shū)或思考你的一天。根據(jù)句意理解及后句to read a book or to think about your day可知，這里表達(dá)的是“安靜的”，英語(yǔ)是quiet，在句中修飾的是空格后面的名詞place，故答案為quiet。
61．stories【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在是分享你一天中有趣故事的時(shí)候了。根據(jù)句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的about your day可知，這里指的是“故事”，英語(yǔ)是story，是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，所以這里應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示很多有趣的故事，故答案為stories。
62．like【解析】句意：你家里的家務(wù)活是誰(shuí)干的，比如打掃衛(wèi)生、做飯和庭院勞動(dòng)？根據(jù)句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cooking, and yardwork可知，空格后面是舉例家務(wù)，所以這里表達(dá)的是“像，比如”，英語(yǔ)是介詞like，故答案為like。
63．together【解析】句意：當(dāng)一家人一起做家務(wù)時(shí)……根據(jù)句意理解及后句it makes them easier and more fun for everyone.可知，這里表達(dá)的是“一起工作”，英語(yǔ)是work together，所以空格缺的是“一起”，故答案為together。
64．help【解析】句意：也許你可以幫忙擺好餐桌或者清潔一下。根據(jù)句意理解及后句lay the dinner table or clear the places可知，這里表達(dá)的是“幫助”，英語(yǔ)是help，而空格前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，所以這里應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形，故答案為help。
65．when【解析】句意：想想你能做些什么，這樣當(dāng)你每天回家時(shí)，你可以說(shuō)，“家，溫馨的家！”根據(jù)句意理解可知，這里是一個(gè)含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，所以空格缺的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，表示的是“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，所以空格應(yīng)該用when來(lái)引導(dǎo)，故答案為when。
Passage 11【2020?湖北省咸寧市】
短文填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處寫出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，單詞首字母已給出。(有的詞請(qǐng)注意詞形的變化！)
When I was a child, my mom liked to make food for dinner every now and then. One night she made d___41___ after a long, hard work.
That evening, my mom placed a plate of eggs, sausages and burned (烤焦的) c___42___ in front of my dad. I was waiting to s___43___ if anyone would say anything. Yet my dad just reached for his cookies, smiled a___44___ my mom and asked me how my day was at school. I didn't remember what I told him that night, b___45___ I clearly remembered watching him eat every bite of the cookies!
When I got up from the table that evening I heard my mom apologize (道歡) to my dad for b___46___ the cookies. And I will never forget what he s___47___: "Dear, I love the burned cookies."
Later that night, I went to kiss Dad goodnight and I a___48___ him if he really liked his burned cookies. He hugged me and said: "Your mom had a h___49___ work today, and she's very tired. Besides, a little burned cookie never hurts a____50____!"
Life is f____51____ of imperfect (不完美的) things and imperfect people. We n____52____ to learn to accept each other's faults (過(guò)失) and enjoy each other's differences. Try to understand it and change our mind.
這是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述作者的母親工作辛苦一天后做飯，把餅干燒焦了，作者的父親沒(méi)有任何怨言地吃掉了每塊餅干并表示喜歡燒焦的餅干。作者詢問(wèn)父親是否真的喜歡燒焦的餅干，父親認(rèn)為一點(diǎn)燒焦的餅干不會(huì)傷害任何人。由此啟發(fā)讀者學(xué)會(huì)接受每個(gè)人的過(guò)失，享受每個(gè)人的不同點(diǎn)，試著去理解并改變自己的想法。
41. dinner 【解析】句意：一天晚上她在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辛苦工作之后做飯。根據(jù)“my mom liked to make food for dinner”及首字母提示可知此處用made dinner表示“做飯”。故答案為dinner。
42. cookies 【解析】句意：那天晚上，我媽媽放了一盤雞蛋、烤腸和燒焦的餅干在我爸爸面前。
根據(jù)后文“my dad just reached for his cookies”可知此處用復(fù)數(shù)名詞cookies表示“餅干”。故答案為cookies。
43. see【解析】句意：我等著看是否有人會(huì)說(shuō)什么。此處用wait to do表示“等著做某事”，根據(jù)首字母提示可知用動(dòng)詞原形see表示“看”。故答案為see。
44. at 【解析】句意：然而我爸爸只是伸向他的餅干，朝著我媽媽微笑，問(wèn)我在學(xué)校怎樣。此處用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)smile at sb.表示“向某人微笑”；此處用介詞at。故答案為at。
45. but【解析】句意：我不記得我那晚告訴了他什么，但是我清晰地記得我看著他吃完每一塊餅干。前后句子是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處用連詞but表示“但是”。故答案為but。
46. burning 【解析】句意：那晚當(dāng)我從桌子旁起身，我聽(tīng)到我媽媽因?yàn)闊沟娘灨山o爸爸道歉。表示“道歉”用apologize to sb. for sth./doing；此處介詞for后面用名詞或動(dòng)名詞；根據(jù)前文“burned”可知此處用動(dòng)名詞burning表示“燒焦”。故答案為burning。
47. said 【解析】句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我爸爸說(shuō)的話：“親愛(ài)的，我喜歡燒焦的餅干?！备鶕?jù)引號(hào)內(nèi)容可知此處用動(dòng)詞表示“說(shuō)”；說(shuō)話是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，此處用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式said。故答案為said。
48. asked【解析】句意：那晚的晚些時(shí)候，我去給爸爸道晚安，我問(wèn)他是否他真的喜歡燒焦的餅干。
此處缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“if he really liked his burned cookies”及首字母提示可知此處用動(dòng)詞asked表示“問(wèn)”。故答案為asked。
49. hard【解析】句意：今天你媽媽工作很辛苦。根據(jù)前文“after a long, hard work”以及后文“she's very tired”可知此處用短語(yǔ)have a hard work表示“工作辛苦”。故答案為hard。
50. anyone/anybody【解析】句意：而且，一點(diǎn)燒焦的餅干不會(huì)傷害任何人。根據(jù)never可知是否定，此處表示“任何人”用不定代詞anyone或者anybody。故答案為anyone/anybody。
51. full【解析】句意：生活充滿著不完美的事情和不完美的人。根據(jù)首字母提示可知用短語(yǔ)be full of表示“充滿”。故答案為full。
52. need【解析】句意：我們需要學(xué)會(huì)接受每個(gè)人的過(guò)失，享受每個(gè)人的不同點(diǎn)。此處缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)首字母提示可知此處用need to do表示“需要”。故答案為need。
Passage 12【2020?武漢市】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處寫出各單詞的正確形式，單詞的第一個(gè)字母已給出。
Boyan Slat has one huge goal. It's a goal that could be good for people and a____51____all over the world. Amazingly, it looks like he's going to m____52____his goal.
When he was 16 Dutch engineering student Slat was on vacation in Greece, and he started to think about all the rubbish that is p____53____onto beaches by water. The oceans around the world are all of plastic—millions of tons of plastic. Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes c____54____to break down (分解).
The p____55____situation of the oceans is bad and worrying and Slat wanted to do something to change it. So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.
Slat started with an idea for an unusual m____56____to "catch" the plastic floating (漂浮) in the water using the natural energy of the ocean. He left school in 2013 to begin work on his project The Ocean Cleanup. Soon, the project r____57____a lot of attention.
A year later, he was leading a team of 100 scientists and engineers working on the invention. Slat needed money for this, so he started asking people to d____58____to his project online and raised over $ 2 million!
Soon after, Slat was named a "Champion of the Earth" by the United Nations for his meaningful and v____59____ work. It's the most important title the UN gives to people helping the environment. The Ocean Cleanup also won several awards (獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)) for having one of the best inventions of 2015. But the d_____60_____goes on for Slat. He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.
這是一篇記敘文，主要講述的是柏楊·史萊特看到海上的垃圾受到啟發(fā)，立下一個(gè)目標(biāo)：清理全世界海洋的垃圾。他努力朝著自己的目標(biāo)努力，并被譽(yù)為“地球衛(wèi)士”，他的發(fā)明也獲得了多個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。
51. animals【解析】句意：這個(gè)目標(biāo)可能有利于全世界的人和動(dòng)物。根據(jù)“So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.”可知，他的目標(biāo)是清理海洋垃圾，結(jié)合所給首字母a可推斷，此處表達(dá)的是：這不僅有益于人類也有益于動(dòng)物，animal動(dòng)物，名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指，故答案是animals。
52. meet【解析】句意：令人驚訝的是，他好像要實(shí)現(xiàn)他的目標(biāo)了。根據(jù)上文說(shuō)到他有一個(gè)目標(biāo)以及“Amazingly”可推斷，這里要表達(dá)的是要實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)了，meet one’s goal實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo)，固定短語(yǔ)，故答案是meet。
53. pushed【解析】句意：他開(kāi)始思考所有被水沖到海灘上的垃圾。根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可知，這里指的是垃圾被水沖到海灘上，結(jié)合所給的首字母p可聯(lián)想到，具有該意思單詞是push；本句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以push要變成過(guò)去分詞pushed，故答案是pushed。
54. centuries【解析】句意：它需要花上幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才能分解。根據(jù)句型“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”可知，空處填的是表示時(shí)間的詞；結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，有些塑料垃圾需要幾百年才可能被分解，空處缺少的信息是：幾百年；根據(jù)首字母提示，符合詞意的單詞是century百年，因?yàn)槭歉艛?shù)，需要用復(fù)數(shù)表泛指，故答案是centuries。
55. present【解析】句意：海洋的現(xiàn)狀很不好，令人非常擔(dān)心，于是史萊特想做點(diǎn)什么來(lái)改變它。根據(jù)上文“Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes centuries to break down.”可知，這里講的是海洋的現(xiàn)狀很糟糕，很令人擔(dān)憂，空處缺少的信息是：現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的；根據(jù)首字母提示，符合詞意的單詞是present，故答案是present。
56. machine【解析】句意：史萊特開(kāi)始于一個(gè)想法，用一個(gè)不尋常的機(jī)器利用海洋的天然能源來(lái)“抓住”飄在水里的垃圾。根據(jù)“working on the invention”和“catch”可知，這里指的是可以抓垃圾的發(fā)明，結(jié)合常識(shí)和首字母推斷，這里應(yīng)該是機(jī)器machine；根據(jù)空前的“an”可知，此處用單數(shù)，故答案是machine。
57. received【解析】句意：很快，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目受到了很多人的關(guān)注。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指的是受到了許多人的關(guān)注，結(jié)合首字母，符合詞意的單詞是receive，因這里講的是過(guò)去的事情，所以用過(guò)去式received，故答案是received。
58. donate【解析】句意：史萊特需要錢來(lái)做這個(gè)，所以他開(kāi)始號(hào)召人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上為他的項(xiàng)目募捐，并籌集了超過(guò)200萬(wàn)美元！根據(jù)“ raised over $ 2 million”可知，空格處指的是募捐，結(jié)合首字母，符合詞意的單詞是donate，ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，to后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故答案是donate。
59. valuable【解析】句意：不久之后，史萊特因其有意義且有價(jià)值的工作被聯(lián)合國(guó)任命為“地球衛(wèi)士”。
根據(jù)“Champion of the Earth”可知，能授予這個(gè)稱號(hào)，一定是這個(gè)發(fā)明是有意義有價(jià)值的，空處應(yīng)該是有價(jià)值的，valuable有價(jià)值的，故答案是valuable。
60. dream【解析】句意：但是史萊特的夢(mèng)想仍在繼續(xù)。根據(jù)上文可知，他已經(jīng)受到肯定并獲得了許多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，空前有個(gè)“but”，結(jié)合“He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.”可知，他的夢(mèng)想仍在繼續(xù)，dream夢(mèng)想，根據(jù)“goes on”可知，此處用單數(shù)，故答案是dream。
Passage 13【2020?湖北省恩施州】
A new bridge was just opened on Oct. 24, 2018. It is the Hong Kong Zhuhai-Macao Bridge( HZMB). Its construction b 56． in December, 2009 and it was opened to traffic on Oct.24, 2018. It costs over 120 billion yuan . Now, it's the longest cross-sea bridge in the world. The bridge looks l 57． the letter “Y”. It's also regarded as one of the seven wonders of the modern world.
The HZMB is unique in many ways. It has a service life of 120 years, 20 years longer t 58． most bridges. It's not only a bridge but includes a tunnel and two islands. In one part, the bridge turns into a 6.7 km-long undersea tunnel that passes through two man-made islands.
The HZMB will make it much f 59． to travel among the three areas it connects. The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 60． between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes.
本文主要介紹了港珠澳大橋的建立以及它的獨(dú)特之處。
56．began【解析】句意：它于2009年12月開(kāi)始建設(shè)，2018年10月24日正式通車。根據(jù) it was opened to traffic on Oct.24, 2018.可知，先開(kāi)始建設(shè)，然后通車，根據(jù)in December, 2009，此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填began。
57．like【解析】句意：這座大橋看起來(lái)像字母“Y”。look like“看起來(lái)像”，故填like。
58．than【解析】句意：它的使用壽命為120年，比大多數(shù)橋梁長(zhǎng)20年。根據(jù)longer可知，此處是比較級(jí)，故填than。
59．faster【解析】句意：港珠澳大橋?qū)⑹蛊溥B接的三個(gè)地區(qū)之間的交通更加快捷。根據(jù)后文的“The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 　60　 between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes.”可知，這座大橋縮短了三個(gè)地區(qū)之間的旅行時(shí)間，因此更快了，根據(jù)much此處用比較級(jí)，故填faster。
60．time【解析】句意：這座Y形大橋?qū)严愀酆椭楹Ｖg的旅行時(shí)間從3小時(shí)縮短到30分鐘。根據(jù)“ from three hours to just 30 minutes.”可知，此處表示縮短了旅行時(shí)間，故填time。

【2019年】
2019年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題19 短文填空
考點(diǎn)1首字母填空
Passage 1（2019 ?天津市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整．每空限填一詞。
The villagers in Mhangeni， Africa． faced a very big challenge（挑戰(zhàn)）．They didn't have a school for their kids．
Then the village elder thought of an （1）i　dea　． He said that there was an old， abandoned （廢棄的）farmhouse． It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing（裝設(shè)備）it． All the villagers were （2）p　leased　with his suggestion and started the project immediately． The parents repaired the broken walls． Some villagers （3）d　ivided　the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood． The others helped make desks and chairs for the students． Still， there was much more work to do． But the rains were coming． They had to （4）s　top　working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant．
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （5）t　hemselves?。甌hey had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened．They didn't want to delay（耽擱） their studies． Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes（灌木）．
The news about the project （6）s　pread　and many people knew it． Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education arrived to help out． and two foreign visitors were also touched （感動(dòng)） by the children's （7）a　ctions　．They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery．
After 10 days of hard work， the new school was （8）r　eady?。甌he kids were very happy but a bit worried﹣they were behind in their studies．
Besides（除…之外）this， they also faced many （9）d　ifficulties?。甌here were not enough classrooms to hold all the students． And two or three students had to share one book．
However， the children are happy to study in school﹣（10）e　specially　in their new school which they helped to build． Though their school might not be modern， their dream of having a school near their homes has come true．
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面臨一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題．他們村子沒(méi)有學(xué)校，他們一起努力給孩子們建了一所學(xué)校，雖然學(xué)校很簡(jiǎn)陋，但是孩子們還是很開(kāi)心能在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)．
1．idea 【解析】考查名詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：村子里的老者想出來(lái)一個(gè)主意．i開(kāi)頭的單詞，idea意見(jiàn)，想法．符合語(yǔ)境．故答案為：idea．
2．pleased 【解析】考查形容詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：所有的村民對(duì)他的建議很滿意，并開(kāi)始開(kāi)始了這個(gè)工廠．p開(kāi)頭的單詞，pleased滿意的，be pleased with對(duì)……滿意．符合語(yǔ)境．故答案為：pleased．
3． divided 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成幾個(gè)教室．d開(kāi)頭的單詞，divide分開(kāi)，divide……into把……分成……符合語(yǔ)境．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，需要使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，divide的過(guò)去式為divided．故答案為：divided．
4．stop 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：他們不得不停止工作，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，是最好的種植的時(shí)間．s開(kāi)頭，stop停止，stop doing停止做．符合語(yǔ)境．had to后面接動(dòng)詞原形．故答案為：stop．
5．themselves 【解析】考查反身代詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：所以，Mhangeni的孩子們決定自己完成這個(gè)房子，themselves他們自己，符合語(yǔ)境．故答案為：themselves．
6．spread 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞；此處意思為：關(guān)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的消息傳播出去，很多人都知道它了．s開(kāi)頭，spread傳播，符合語(yǔ)境．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，此處需要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，spread的過(guò)去式是spread．故答案為：spread．
7．a(chǎn)ctions 【解析】考查名詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：而且，兩個(gè)外國(guó)游客也被孩子們的行動(dòng)感動(dòng)了．a(chǎn)開(kāi)頭的詞，action行動(dòng)，可數(shù)名詞，此處表示孩子們的行動(dòng)，用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式．故答案為：actions．
8．ready 【解析】考查形容詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：經(jīng)過(guò)10天的努力工作后，新學(xué)校已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了．r開(kāi)頭的詞，ready準(zhǔn)備好的．符合語(yǔ)境．故答案為：ready．
9．difficulties 【解析】考查名詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：除此之外，他們還面臨了很多困難．d開(kāi)頭，difficulty困難，可數(shù)名詞，前面有many，此處需要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式．difficulty的復(fù)數(shù)形式是difficulties．故答案為：difficulties．
10．especially 【解析】考查副詞；分析語(yǔ)境，此處表示：然而，孩子們很開(kāi)心在學(xué)校里學(xué)習(xí)﹣﹣尤其是在他們幫助建的新學(xué)校里．e開(kāi)頭的詞，especially尤其．符合語(yǔ)境．故答案為：especially．
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此類題目，需要分析語(yǔ)境，并且需要熟記單詞，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，便可得出正確答案．
Passage 2（2019 ?湖北省武漢市）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處寫出各單詞的正確形式，單詞的第一個(gè)字母已給出。
It was at an exhibition of the artist’s works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g___51___to attend the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature(簽名).
“I haven’t brought my pen. Is the p___52___okay?” Actually, I knew they wouldn’t r___53___. I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___54___readers.
“Certainly,” the young girls readily a___55___. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls h___56___her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of the notebook, wrote a few words of encouragement n____57____and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frowned (皺眉), looked at me carefully and asked, “Aren’t you Robert Char?”
“No,” I told her proudly, “I’m the author of Alice Adams, the w___58___of two Pulitzer Prizes.”
The young girl turned to the o___59___,shrugged (聳肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber to me.” At that moment, all my p____60____turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you are, don’t think highly of yourself.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述我應(yīng)邀參加紅十字會(huì)舉辦的藝術(shù)家作品展，之前我非常的自豪和驕傲。兩個(gè)小女孩找我要簽名，我給其中一個(gè)女孩簽完名后，女孩非常吃驚，我不是羅伯特查爾，我在那里自夸自己獲得兩次普利策獎(jiǎng)。然而這個(gè)小女孩向另一個(gè)小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的簽名。自此，作者經(jīng)常警示自己：無(wú)論你多么優(yōu)秀，不要過(guò)高地贊揚(yáng)你自己。
51. guest 句意“我作為一個(gè)特邀嘉賓參加了這個(gè)展覽”。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“特邀嘉賓”。guest客人，且根據(jù)空前a可知，用單數(shù)，故填guest。
52. pencil 句意“我沒(méi)帶鋼筆，鉛筆可以嗎？”。根據(jù)Mary, lend your rubber to me可知，一個(gè)女孩向另一個(gè)女孩借橡皮擦我的簽名，所以空處表示“鉛筆”。pencil鉛筆，且根據(jù)is可知，用單數(shù)，故填pencil。
53. refuse 句意“事實(shí)上，我知道他們不會(huì)拒絕”。根據(jù)I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers可知，我認(rèn)為她們不會(huì)拒絕，我只想向普通的讀者展示一個(gè)著名的作家的好的行為。refuse拒絕，且根據(jù)空前wouldn’t可知，用動(dòng)詞原形，故填refuse。
54. common 句意“我僅僅想向普通的讀者展示一個(gè)著名的作家的好的行為”。根據(jù)首字母可知，表示“普通的讀者”。common普通的，故填common。
55. agreed 句意““當(dāng)然”，這個(gè)小女孩很樂(lè)意地同意了”。根據(jù)文意可知，我沒(méi)有帶鋼筆，所以問(wèn)他們鉛筆可不可以，他們同意用鉛筆。agree同意，且根據(jù)全文可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填agreed。
56. handed 句意“其中的一個(gè)小女孩將她精美的筆記本遞給我”。根據(jù)文意可知，小女孩找我要簽名，所以他們將本子遞給我。hand遞，且根據(jù)全文可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填handed。
57. naturally 句意“我翻開(kāi)筆記本的封面，自然而然地寫了幾個(gè)鼓勵(lì)的詞并且簽了我的名字”。根據(jù)句意可知，表示很自然地寫下幾個(gè)鼓勵(lì)的單詞，且空處修飾動(dòng)詞wrote，用副詞，故填naturally。
58. winner 句意“我是《寂寞芳心》的作者，兩次普利策獎(jiǎng)的獲得者”。根據(jù)I told her proudly可知，表示我很自豪地告訴他們我是兩次普利策獎(jiǎng)的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。winner贏家，獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，都是指“我”，用單?shù)，故填winner。
59. other 句意“這個(gè)年輕的女孩轉(zhuǎn)向另一個(gè)女孩，聳聳肩說(shuō)：把你的橡皮借給我”。根據(jù)During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature可知，是兩個(gè)女孩，所以表示“兩者中另一個(gè)”，用the other，故填other。
60. pride 句意“在那個(gè)時(shí)候，所有我的自豪立刻都變成了泡沫”。根據(jù)I just wanted to show a well-known writer’s good manners to the c___4___readers以及“No,” I told her proudly可知，之前我很自豪，所以我的自豪變成了泡沫。根據(jù)空前my可知，空處用名詞。pride自豪，故填pride。
Passage 3（2019 ?泰州市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，補(bǔ)全空格內(nèi)單詞，使短文完整、通順。

Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is as dangerous as first-hand smoke. But have you h_____71_____ of "third-hand" smoke?
Third-hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces (表面) of things around, l______72______ furniture or clothes. When someone smokes in a room, poisonous particles(粒子) in tobacco (煙草) smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes, even after the cigarette (香煙) has been put out. This can cause a great danger to your family, e_____73_____younger children.
Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. This is b_____74_____ they are often close to surfaces of things. Such as floors, walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain. When they t_____75_____ these surfaces, they get their hands polluted.
So, it is necessary and important to say n_____76_____ to third-hand smoke. To achieve this, strict r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. If one of your family members smokes, please make sure he smokes o____78____ the house. Get him a special jacket and hat, so once he f_____79_____ smoking, he will take them off before getting inside the house. Moreover, make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face, and changes his clothes before picking up the baby.
Many times, you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child, but it doesn't mean he or she is s_______80_______". Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】本文介紹了“三手”煙的危害?！叭帧睙熓侵福焊街诩揖呋蛞路戎車矬w表面上的煙草顆粒。這會(huì)對(duì)家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。因?yàn)閶雰簞倢W(xué)會(huì)走路，當(dāng)他們接觸這些表面時(shí)，他們的手會(huì)受到污染。因此對(duì)第三手煙說(shuō)“不”是必要和重要的。應(yīng)該制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙。
71. heard 句意：但是你聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)“三手”煙嗎？由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：hear；hear of：聽(tīng)說(shuō)。分析句子But have you h_____71_____ of "third-hand" smoke?的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：助動(dòng)詞has/have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。故答案為：heard。
72. like 句意：第“三手”煙是指家具或衣服等周圍物體表面上的污染物。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：like；like在這里用來(lái)表示舉例，所以答案為：like。
73. especially 句意：這會(huì)對(duì)你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是個(gè)副詞，表示陳述某一事實(shí)之后，列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子，作進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，其后可接名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句等。本題就是這種用法，用especially來(lái)列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子（younger children），來(lái)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)“三手”煙的危害。故答案為：especially。
74. because 句意：這是因?yàn)樗鼈兘?jīng)常接近如地板、墻壁和家具上殘留著煙草顆粒的物體的表面。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：because；根據(jù)Babies have only just learned to walk. They are more likely to be harmed by third-hand smoke. 嬰兒剛學(xué)會(huì)走路。他們更有可能受到第三手煙的傷害。可知，因?yàn)閶雰簞倢W(xué)會(huì)走路，所以他們會(huì)扶著這些物體，因此接觸的機(jī)會(huì)就多，因此會(huì)受到危害。這里解釋了嬰兒受到危害的原因，故答案為：because。
75. touch 句意：當(dāng)他們接觸這些表面時(shí)，他們的手會(huì)受到污染。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：touch；主句they get their hands polluted. 他們的手會(huì)受到污染?？芍?，本題的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此再由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)they是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形。故答案為：touch。
76. no 句意：所以，對(duì)第三手煙說(shuō)“不”是必要和重要的。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：no；say no to：對(duì)……說(shuō)“不”；這里是指拒絕三手煙。故答案為：no。
77. rules 句意：為此，應(yīng)制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：rule；根據(jù)forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes禁止在家里吸煙，中的homes是復(fù)數(shù)，因此前面的名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故答案為：rules。
78. outside 句意：如果你的一個(gè)家庭成員有吸煙的，請(qǐng)確保他在屋外吸煙。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：outside；根據(jù)To achieve this, strict r_____77_____ for forbidding (禁止) smoking inside homes should be carved out. 應(yīng)制定嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定禁止在家里吸煙?？芍绻愕囊粋€(gè)家庭成員有吸煙的，應(yīng)該是讓他在屋外吸煙。故答案為：outside。
79. finished 句意：給他買一件特別的夾克和帽子，等他抽完煙，他就在進(jìn)屋前把它們脫掉。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：finish；根據(jù)he will take them off before getting inside the house. 他就在進(jìn)屋前把它們脫掉。可知，進(jìn)屋前，煙已經(jīng)吸完了，因此動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過(guò)去。故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以答案為：finished。
80. safe 句意：很多時(shí)候，你看不到煙對(duì)你的孩子有害，但這并不意味著他或她是安全的。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：safe；根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明：盡管看不到煙對(duì)孩子的危害，但這并不意味著他或她是安全的。因此才有了下文的Give up smoking, or if that is not possible, make sure that your loved ones, far away from third-hand smoke. 戒煙，或者如果不可能的話，確保你所愛(ài)的人遠(yuǎn)離三手煙。所以答案為：safe。
【點(diǎn)睛】
英語(yǔ)首字母填空技巧
1. 通讀短文知大意，看整體全面了解來(lái)源：
與閱讀理解題和其它類型的完形填空一樣，首先要通讀短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之間必然承上啟下、前呼后應(yīng)。因此通讀全文時(shí)要一氣呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，細(xì)節(jié)不理解可以跳過(guò)。因此，在解題之前通讀一遍短文，目的是對(duì)文章有個(gè)全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 復(fù)讀短文抓信息，前后照應(yīng)巧猜詞
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通讀短文，目的是對(duì)短文有更進(jìn)一步的了解。在閱讀時(shí)要特別注意一篇文章的開(kāi)頭（一般不設(shè)空）和結(jié)尾，它們能提供主要的信息，幫助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在閱讀過(guò)程中，要注意上、下文的關(guān)系，這對(duì)于把握文章的整體意義大有用處。另外，要學(xué)會(huì)跳讀，即對(duì)不理解的地方采用暫時(shí)回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解決的方法。有些短文填空題，有時(shí)出現(xiàn)約 3%~5% 的生詞是很正常的，這就要求學(xué)生根據(jù)構(gòu)詞知識(shí)或上、下文的意思加以猜測(cè)，來(lái)確定它的詞義。
3. 反復(fù)推敲多分析，慎重答題講合理
再次通讀短文，對(duì)留空的句子進(jìn)行全面的分析，看它在全文中所處的位置、作用和意義。這一遍閱讀要求是精心閱讀，要留心找出關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，還要結(jié)合所給首字母的提示，進(jìn)行填寫，并注意單詞的正確形式。例如：第3小題，句意：這會(huì)對(duì)你的家庭，尤其是年幼的孩子造成很大的危險(xiǎn)。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填：especially；especially是個(gè)副詞，表示陳述某一事實(shí)之后，列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子，作進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)，其后可接名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句等。本題就是這種用法，用especially來(lái)列舉一個(gè)具有代表性的例子（younger children），來(lái)進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)“三手”煙的危害。故答案為：especially。
4. 認(rèn)真復(fù)查全文，把握整體和詞形來(lái)源：
做完以后，再認(rèn)真讀一遍，檢查所填寫的單詞是否與文章要求相符，文章是否通順，前后是否呼應(yīng)，有無(wú)句型結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。
Passage 5（2019 ?四川省南充市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，把文中所缺詞語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充出來(lái)，使短文完整正確（每空限填一詞），并將該單詞的完整形式寫在答題卡相應(yīng)編號(hào)后的橫線上。
In some western countries, some people don't like the number 13 because they think 13 is an unlucky number. For example, they don't like to live on the thirteenth floor. One evening, Mr. Smith asked some friends to get t ______56______ . When all of his friends arrived, he asked them to sit at the table for d______57______. He began to c______58______ the people. Suddenly, he cried out, "Oh, there are thirteen people here!" Everyone's face looked pale e ______59______ Mr. Brown. He said with a smile, "Don't won't, my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have f ______60______ people here." All of the friends became happy again. "Congratulations!" they said to Mr. Brown. They all had a good time that evening.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】這篇短文主要講述了在西方國(guó)家人們都不喜歡數(shù)字13，文中講述了一個(gè)有趣的故事。
56. together 句意：一天晚上，史密斯先生讓幾個(gè)朋友聚在一起。根據(jù)文中Mr. Smith asked some friends to可知這里是聚在一起。短語(yǔ)get together表示聚在一起。根據(jù)句意，故填together。
57. dinner 句意：當(dāng)他所有的朋友都到了，他請(qǐng)他們坐在桌旁吃飯。根據(jù)One evening, 和he asked them to sit at the table可知下文是他請(qǐng)他們坐在桌旁吃飯。dinner晚飯。根據(jù)句意，故填dinner。
58. count 句意：他開(kāi)始數(shù)人數(shù)。根據(jù)下文he cried out, "Oh, there are thirteen people here!"可知上文是說(shuō)說(shuō)數(shù)數(shù)字。count的意思是“數(shù)數(shù)”根據(jù)句意，故填count。
59. except 句意：除了布朗先生，每個(gè)人的臉都顯得蒼白。except的意思是“除了”根據(jù)下文He said with a smile, "Don't wont', my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks. So we have f ______60______ people here."可知這里是除了Mr. Brown。根據(jù)題意，故填except。
60. fourteen 句意：所以我們這里有14個(gè)人。根據(jù)上文Don't wont', my friends. My wife will have a baby in a few weeks.可知這里是說(shuō)14個(gè)人。根據(jù)句意，故填fourteen。
Passage 6（2019 ?江蘇省連云港市）
根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫出一個(gè)完整正確的單詞。
Every year in early October, Albuquerque International Balloon Festival is h _____51_____ in Albuquerque, the biggest city in New Mexico. Because of the great number of balloons, it is the world's 1 ______52______ ballooning event. For more than 30 years, guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning. In 2018, over 900, 000 people a_____53_____ this event. There were over 500 balloons in the event with over 1,000 pilots. When h ______54______ of colorful balloons flew up high, the sky of Albuquerque became a moving cartoon. It was full of colors and special characters. It was a time when d ______55______came true and romance filled the sky. Grown-ups and children were amazed and joyful during the balloon festival.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要講述阿爾伯克基國(guó)際氣球節(jié)，成年人和孩子們?cè)诠?jié)日上玩得都很開(kāi)心。
51. held 句意“每年10月份早期，阿爾伯克基國(guó)際氣球節(jié)在新墨西哥州的阿爾伯克基舉行”。根據(jù)句意可知，譯為“舉行”。hold舉行，且主語(yǔ)Albuquerque International Balloon Festival與謂語(yǔ)hold之間被動(dòng)be done，故填held。
52. largest 句意“由于大量的氣球，這是世界上最大的氣球事件”。根據(jù)For more than 30 years, guests from all over the world come to Albuquerque in October to celebrate ballooning可知，譯為最大的，用最高級(jí)，故填largest。
53. attended 句意“在2018年，超過(guò)90萬(wàn)人參加了這個(gè)事件”。根據(jù)句意可知，譯為“參加”。attend參加，且根據(jù)in 2018可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填attended。
54. hundreds 句意“當(dāng)成百上千個(gè)五彩繽紛的氣球飛向天空時(shí)，阿爾伯克基的天空變成了移動(dòng)的卡通”。根據(jù)句意可知，譯為“成百上千”，hundreds of成百上千的，故填hundreds。
55. dreams 句意“那是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想成真、浪漫彌漫的時(shí)刻”。根據(jù)句意可知，譯為“夢(mèng)想成真”。dream夢(mèng)想，且根據(jù)句意可知，用復(fù)數(shù)，故填dreams。
2019年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題19 短文填空
考點(diǎn)1首字母填空
Passage 1（2019 ?江蘇省南京市）
請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為（1）-（10）的相應(yīng)位置上。
Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems． It is more w（1）　 　 in use than alphabetic（字母的） writing systems． More than half of the world's books are written in Chinese， including historical writings and novels， along with writings on government and law．
At the beginning， written Chinese was a picture﹣based 1 （2）　 　． It dates back several thousand years to the u（3）　se　of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved （刻） by ancient Chinese people．Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t （4）　 　hanzi．
By the Shang Dynasty， these symbols had become a well﹣developed writing system， Over the years， the system developed into different forms， as it was a time when people were d（5）　 　geographically， leading to different dialects（ 方言） and characters． This， however， c（6）　 　under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty．
Emperor Qinshihuang united（統(tǒng)一）the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction． That writing system was of great i（7）　 　in uniting the Chinese people and culture． Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak， they can all still c（8）　ommunicate　in writing． Written Chinese has also become an important method to c （9）　 　China's present with its past． People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times．
Today， Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture， As China plays a g（10）　 　role in the world， an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate（ 欣賞） China's culture through this amazing language． Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes．

【答案與解析】
【文章大意】文章介紹了中文寫作系統(tǒng)歷史發(fā)展。
（1）widely 考查副詞．根據(jù)意思：它的使用比字母書(shū)寫系統(tǒng)更為廣泛。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，故填：widely。
（2）language 考查名詞．根據(jù)意思：起初，書(shū)面漢語(yǔ)是一種基于圖片的語(yǔ)言。填名詞單數(shù)，語(yǔ)言language。故填：language。
（3）use 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)意思：中國(guó)古代人在動(dòng)物的骨頭和貝殼上刻上符號(hào)可以追溯到幾千年前。the use of...的使用，故填：use。
（4）today's 考查所有格。根據(jù)意思：在今天的漢字中仍然可以看到一些古老的符號(hào)，今天的today's。故填：today's。
（5）divided 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)意思：多年來(lái)，這個(gè)體系發(fā)展成不同的形式，就像人們被隔離的時(shí)代一樣。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be done，故填divided。
（6）changed 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)意思：然而，這在秦始皇統(tǒng)治下發(fā)生了變化。一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故填changed．
（7）importance 考查名詞。根據(jù)意思：這一寫作體系對(duì)于凝聚中華民族和中華文化具有重要意義。be of great importance 有重要意義。故填importance。
（8）communicate 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)意思：他們?nèi)匀豢梢詴?shū)面交流。can后面加動(dòng)詞原形。故填communicate。
（9）connect 考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)意思：書(shū)面漢語(yǔ)也成為把中國(guó)現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去聯(lián)系起來(lái)的重要方法。to do不定式，故填connect。
（10）great 考查形容詞。根據(jù)意思：中國(guó)在世界上發(fā)揮著巨大的作用，形容詞修飾名詞，故填great。
Passage 2（2019 ?湖北省咸寧市）
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處寫出適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，單詞首字母已給出。[有的詞請(qǐng)注意詞形的變化！]
Confucius is the greatest teacher in Chinese history. He was born on S___41___28th. 511B.C. in the Kingdom of Lu. in today’s Shandong Province. When he was young, he and his mother had a hard l____42____. At the age of fifteen, he began to learn music, and he did well in it. Then he went on l___43___other subjects. When he was thirty, he b___44___a teacher. He started his own school. He believed everyone should have a chance to get education whether they were r___45___or poor. He had about, 3,000 s___46___and many of them became famous.
Chinese see Confucius as the greatest thinker w___47___had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. And he is also regarded a___48___the greatest teacher. His most important ideas are about kindness and g___49___manners. He said young people should t____50____care of the old. People should not only always think of themselves, but work for o____51____. His ideas are around in people’s everyday life. Today people can still hear the ideas, and they even go far into east a____52____south Asia.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】本文介紹了中國(guó)的偉大思想家——孔子。孔子生于公元前511年的魯國(guó)。年輕時(shí)和母親過(guò)著艱苦的生活。三十歲時(shí)當(dāng)了老師。他相信每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)接受教育，不管他們是富人還是窮人。中國(guó)人認(rèn)為孔子是最偉大的思想家。對(duì)人性和行為有很多明智的想法。他說(shuō)年輕人應(yīng)該照顧老人。人們不應(yīng)該總是想著自己，而應(yīng)該為他人工作。
41. September 句意：他出生于9月28日。公元前511年的魯國(guó)。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填September；這里是指9月28號(hào)。所以答案為：September。
42. life 句意：當(dāng)他年輕時(shí)，他和他母親過(guò)著艱苦的生活。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填life；had a hard life：過(guò)著艱苦的生活。所以答案為：life。
43. learning 句意：然后他繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)其他科目。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填learn；go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事。on是介詞，后跟動(dòng)名詞。所以答案為：learning。
44. became 句意：他三十歲時(shí)當(dāng)了老師。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填become；根據(jù)When he was thirty, 當(dāng)他三十歲時(shí)。成為了老師，這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故答案為：became。
45. rich 句意：他相信每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)接受教育，不管他們是富人還是窮人。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填rich；根據(jù)后面的形容詞poor“窮的”，和前面的表示選擇關(guān)系的or可知，前面應(yīng)該用于poor意義相反的形容詞，那就是rich。語(yǔ)境是：不論窮人還是富人都應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)接受教育。故答案為：rich。
46. students 句意：他有大約3000名學(xué)生，其中許多人出名了。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填student；根據(jù)數(shù)字3,000可知，后面的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，故答案為：students。
47. who 句意：中國(guó)人認(rèn)為孔子是最偉大的思想家。對(duì)人性和行為有很多明智的想法。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填who；本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。本題的先行詞是the greatest thinker，是指人的，因此用引導(dǎo)詞who來(lái)引導(dǎo)。故答案為：who。
48. as 句意：他也被認(rèn)為是最偉大的老師。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填as；regard as：視為。語(yǔ)境是：人們認(rèn)為孔子是最偉大的老師。故答案為：as。
49. good/great 句意：他最重要的思想是善良和禮貌。由and前面的形容詞kindness可知，and 后面的詞也應(yīng)該是一個(gè)形容詞。在結(jié)合首字母提示可知，填good/great；是指良好的行為，即：禮貌。所以本題的答案為：good/great。
50. take 句意：他說(shuō)年輕人應(yīng)該照顧老人。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填take；take care of：關(guān)心，照顧。should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填：take。
51. others 句意：人們不應(yīng)該總是想著自己，而應(yīng)該為他人工作。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填others；根據(jù)think of themselves想著自己，和后面的but可知，此處是指轉(zhuǎn)折，語(yǔ)境是：人們不應(yīng)該總是想著自己，而應(yīng)該為他人工作。所以答案為：others。
52. and 句意：今天，人們?nèi)匀豢梢月?tīng)到這些想法，他們甚至深入到東亞和南亞。由語(yǔ)境和首字母提示可知，填and；east a__12__ south Asia.是表示地點(diǎn)的，而且表示并列關(guān)系。因此用and 來(lái)連接。故答案為：and。
Passage 3（2019 ?襄陽(yáng)市）
閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在短文空白處填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文內(nèi)容完整，通順。
Most adults find it hard to remember the things happened while they were children. Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d___51___.
A new study has found that most three-year-old children can remember a lot of what happened to them a year e___52___,and these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6, but by the time they are over 7, these memories become weaker r___53___.
Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their e___54___ from under the age of 3 according to the new studies.
The scientists say this is because at around this age the way we form(形成)memories begins to change. They say that before the age of 7 children do not have a s___55___of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early things they can remember become more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster speed of f ___56___ than adults. The discoveries also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of what they have done, b___57___ then forget them just several years later.
The children were organized to the laboratory for the first time at the age of 3 and discussed 6 impressed(印象深刻的)things from their past, such as the first relaxing trip with your family, the first d___58___ accident you met, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second s___59___between the ages of 5 and 9 to discuss the same things. The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7,the amount（量）of memories that the children could remember r ___60___ between 63%-72%. However, between the ages of 8 to 9, the amount of memories that the children could remember fell to between 35%--36%.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文。對(duì)許多成年人來(lái)說(shuō)，很難回憶起兒時(shí)的一些經(jīng)歷。一項(xiàng)研究表明，我們的記憶力的變化與年齡有關(guān)。
51. disappeared 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文Most adults find it hard to remember the things happened while they were children. 大多數(shù)成年人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難記住他們小時(shí)候發(fā)生的事情。結(jié)合Now scientists have found exactly when these memories d___51___. 可知是現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了這些記憶消失的確切時(shí)間?！跋А眃isappear，由語(yǔ)境可知這里時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故答案填disappeared。
52. earlier 考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文most three-year-old children can remember a lot of大多數(shù)三歲的孩子都能記住很多事情，結(jié)合首字母提示以及what happened to them a year e___52___,可知此處指的是一年前發(fā)生在他們身上的事，a year earlier“一年前”，故答案填earlier。
53. rapidly 考查副詞。根據(jù)上文these memories are still clear while they are 5 and 6,這些記憶在他們5歲和6歲的時(shí)候仍然清晰，由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，再結(jié)合首字母提示，可知此處句意為：但當(dāng)他們超過(guò)7歲時(shí)，這些記憶會(huì)迅速減弱?！把杆俚亍眗apidly，副詞，修飾前面的動(dòng)詞，故答案填rapidly。
54. experience 考查名詞。根據(jù)Most children by the age of 8 or 9 can only remember 35% of their e___54___ from under the age of 3 according to the new studies. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及首字母提示：根據(jù)新的研究，大多數(shù)8歲或9歲的孩子僅僅能記住他們3歲以下35%的……。可知此處表達(dá)的是“經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，英文表達(dá)是experience，在這里用作不可數(shù)名詞，故答案填experience。
55. sense 考查名詞。根據(jù)They say that before the age of 7 children do not have a s___55___of time and place in their memories. 結(jié)合語(yǔ)境及首字母提示：他們說(shuō)，7歲以前的孩子在記憶中沒(méi)有時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的……?？芍颂幈磉_(dá)的是“概念、觀念”sense，前面有不定冠詞a，所以用其單數(shù)形式，故答案填sense。
56. forgetting 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文then forget them just several years later.幾年后他們就會(huì)忘記，結(jié)合Children also have a far faster speed of f___56___ than adults.可知孩子 遺忘速度也比成年人快得多?！巴洝眆orget，動(dòng)詞，of是介詞后接動(dòng)詞的ing形式，故答案填forgetting。
57. but 考查連詞。根據(jù)上文children can often have clear memories of what they have done,以及then forget them just several years later. 可知前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)合首字母提示可知應(yīng)用連詞but，句意為：孩子們常常對(duì)他們所做的事情有清晰的記憶，但幾年后就會(huì)忘記。故答案填but。
58. dancing（本題答案不唯一，只要符合語(yǔ)境和題意即可。）考查動(dòng)名詞。根據(jù)上文 the first relaxing trip with your family, 以及下文and the first day of school.結(jié)合the first d___58___ accident you met, 可推知此處句意是第一次遇見(jiàn)……的意外，由首字母提示可知，答案可以填“跳舞”dancing。（本題答案不唯一，只要符合語(yǔ)境和題意即可。）
59. session 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)前面的關(guān)鍵詞return“返回”，以及后面的to discuss the same things“去討論同樣的事情”，可知這里表達(dá)的是“開(kāi)會(huì)、聚集”，second session“再次聚集、開(kāi)會(huì)”，句意為：然后，孩子們?cè)?歲到9歲之間再次返回來(lái)討論同樣的問(wèn)題。故答案填session。
60. remained 考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)The scientists found that between the ages of 5 and 7,the amount（量）of memories that the children could remember r ___60___ between 63%-72%.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境：科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，5歲和7歲之間年齡段的孩子，能記住的記憶量……在63%-72%之間?？芍颂幈磉_(dá)的是“保持”remain，由主句中的found可知句子時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以這里應(yīng)用remain的過(guò)去式remained，故答案填remained。
【點(diǎn)睛】
本題為短文填空，首先要快速瀏覽全文，理解短文的大致意思，再精讀短文注意所填的詞在句中的詞性、時(shí)態(tài)等。然后根據(jù)句意、上下文聯(lián)系、語(yǔ)境及所給出的首字母提示填寫合適的詞語(yǔ)。如，第56小題根據(jù)下文then forget them just several years later.幾年后他們就會(huì)忘記，結(jié)合Children also have a far faster speed of f___56___ than adults.可知孩子的遺忘速度也比成年人快得多?！巴洝眆orget，動(dòng)詞，of是介詞后接動(dòng)詞的ing形式，故答案填forgetting。第7小題，根據(jù)上文children can often have clear memories of what they have done,以及then forget them just several years later. 可知前后句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)合首字母提示可知應(yīng)用連詞but，句意為：孩子們常常對(duì)他們所做的事情有清晰的記憶，但幾年后就會(huì)忘記。故答案填but。
2019年中考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題19 短文填空
考點(diǎn)1首字母填空
Passage 1（2019 ?大慶市）
Fill in each blank with a proper word with the help of the first letter.
A lot of people are crazy doing shopping through the Internet now. Why is it so p___61___? There are some r___62___ .First, more and more people have their own computers and their computers can be joined with the Internet. So it is possible f___63___ many of them to do shopping through the Internet . S___64___,shopping through the Internet can save them some m___65___and a lot of time. Third, they don’t need to go to the shop themselves . Because of these good facts, few people refuse it.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】短文介紹了網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物受歡迎的三個(gè)原因：通過(guò)電腦就可以完成網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物，通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)購(gòu)物可以節(jié)省一些錢和大量時(shí)間，購(gòu)物者不需要自己去商店。
61. popular 句意：為什么這么受歡迎？根據(jù)前面的句子“A lot of people are crazy doing shopping through the Internet now”很多人都癡迷于網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物，可知網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物非常受歡迎，此句是詢問(wèn)網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物受歡迎的原因，故答案為popular。
62. reasons 句意：有一些原因。上句是詢問(wèn)原因，此句給出受歡迎的理由，根據(jù)are判斷，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為reasons。
63. for 句意：因此對(duì)于他們中的許多人來(lái)說(shuō)通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)購(gòu)物是可行的。It’s +adj.+for sb. + to do sth.是英語(yǔ)中常用句型，意思是“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)怎么樣”，根據(jù)首字母提示以及句意可知，答案為for。
64. Second 句意：第二，通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)購(gòu)物可以節(jié)省他們一些錢和大量時(shí)間。根據(jù)前后的First, Third判斷，此處是提出第二個(gè)理由，故答案為Second。
65. money 句意：第二，通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)購(gòu)物可以節(jié)省他們一些錢和大量時(shí)間。網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物較便宜，可以節(jié)省一些錢，故答案為money。
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此類題目，需要分析語(yǔ)境，并且需要熟記單詞，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，便可得出正確答案．
Passage 2（2019 ?廣元）
閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示寫出文中所缺單詞。請(qǐng)將單詞填寫在答題卡上的相應(yīng)位置。
Have you ever heard of the train No. 6063? It links (連接) thirty-eight s___80___ along the way from Baoji of Shanxi to Guangyuan of Sichuan. It passes by twenty-four schools, so there are always many students taking the train. The students live in mountainous areas. And they need to take the train b___81___ schools and homes every week. It always takes a long time for them to go to school and go home on the train. In order to help them, the head of the train Xiang Fei decided to do something for the children. He and other workers s___82___ several hours turning one of the carriages into a special student carriage. There are big desks and a library. Many kind-hearted people gave away o___83___ 300 new books to this library. Students can read all kinds of books, do their homework and talk with students from other schools on the train.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】本文介紹了往返于寶雞和廣元的6063次列車。它連接了38個(gè)火車站，經(jīng)過(guò)24 所學(xué)校，每周經(jīng)常有學(xué)生乘坐該列車往返于學(xué)校和家之間。列車長(zhǎng)為孩子們開(kāi)辟了學(xué)生專用車廂，愛(ài)心人士贈(zèng)送了300多本書(shū)供他們閱讀。
80. stations 句意：該次列車連接了從陜西寶雞到四川廣元的沿途38個(gè)火車站。根據(jù)第一句中“一列火車”可知連接的是火車站，由38可知是復(fù)數(shù)，故填stations。
81. between 句意：他們每周需要乘火車往返于學(xué)校和家鄉(xiāng)之間。短語(yǔ)“between…and…”意為“在……和……之間”，故填between。
82. spent 句意：他和其他工人們花費(fèi)了幾個(gè)小時(shí)把一節(jié)車廂改成了一節(jié)學(xué)生專用車廂。短語(yǔ)“spend some time doing sth.”（花費(fèi)一些時(shí)間做某事），根據(jù)上文可知 過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，用過(guò)去式spent。
83. over 句意：很多愛(ài)心人士給這家圖書(shū)館贈(zèng)送了300多本新書(shū)。根據(jù)數(shù)字300可知是“三百多”，用介詞over。
Passage 3（2019 ?南通市）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文,并根據(jù)各題所給首字母的提示,寫出一個(gè)合適的英語(yǔ)單詞完整、正確的形式,使短文通順。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. A short video about seven people wearing prosthetic devices(人造裝置) who t___66___ on a desert race challenge has become popular.
The seven disabled people j___67___in the 108-kilometer desert race from May 11 to 14 in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu Province. Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)，and o___68___had two legs amputated.
Cheng Baojun, a man from Luohe, Central China’s Henan Province, the double amputee, said he never i___69___ he could take part in the desert race. “It is great, I can do it, and you can also. ” “It is easy to say, but walking it is h___70___. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a complete section of 27 kilometers of the race, and on the second day, they finished 20 kilometers.
“My legs were painful while I was walking. We also met with a very big sandstorm on the way. But s ____71____ it was a challenge, we could not give up. We all encouraged each other to continue. ” he said. After getting t___72___, they rested on the third day and walked on the fourth.
Lao Tongyi walked the longest of the group, a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Team leader SunNaicheng said that they had to p___73___ through depulation (人煙稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert. He also added that team members challenged themselves and realized their d ___74___.
They are good e ___75___for everyone to learn from. It’s up to you how far you go. If you don’t try, you will never know.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】這篇短文主要講述了一段關(guān)于七個(gè)人戴著假肢參加沙漠競(jìng)賽的視頻已經(jīng)很流行了。告訴我們有志者事竟成。
66. took 句意：一個(gè)關(guān)于七個(gè)人戴著假肢參加沙漠競(jìng)賽的短片已經(jīng)很流行了。短語(yǔ)take on a desert race challenge參加挑戰(zhàn)沙漠競(jìng)賽。這里是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，take的過(guò)去式是took。根據(jù)句意，故填took。
67. joined 句意：7名殘疾人參加了5月11日至14日在敦煌舉行的108公里沙漠競(jìng)賽。jion in…參加……。這里是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，joined，根據(jù)題意，故填joined。
68. others 句意：七名患者中有六名一條腿被截肢，其他人則兩條被截肢。Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)可知下文是其他的。根據(jù)句意，故填others。
69. imagined 句意：來(lái)自中國(guó)中部河南省洛河市的雙重截肢者程寶軍（音）說(shuō)，他從來(lái)沒(méi)有想過(guò)自己能參加沙漠賽跑。這里是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，imagine的意思是“想象”，imagine的過(guò)去式imagined。根據(jù)題意，故填imagined。
70. hard 句意：程說(shuō)：“說(shuō)起來(lái)容易，走起來(lái)難?！备鶕?jù)上文It is easy to say hard可知下文是是難的。根據(jù)句意，故填hard。
71. since 句意：我們?cè)谕局羞€遇到了一場(chǎng)很大的沙塵暴。但由于這是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，我們不能放棄。根據(jù)下文it was a challenge, we could not give up可知這里是表示原因，用since。根據(jù)句意，故填since。
72. tired 句意：他們累了，第三天休息，第四天走。Tired的意思是“累人的”，根據(jù)句意，故填tired。
73. pass 句意：組長(zhǎng)孫乃成說(shuō)，他們必須通過(guò)戈壁沙漠的人煙稀少的區(qū)域。根據(jù)下文through depulation (人煙稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert.可知這里是通過(guò)的意思。have to do sth.表示不得不做某事；pass意思是“通過(guò)”，根據(jù)句意，故填pass。
74. dream 句意：他還補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員挑戰(zhàn)自己，實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢(mèng)想。這里是說(shuō)實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想。短語(yǔ)realize one’s dream表示實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想。根據(jù)句意，故填dream。
75. examples 句意：他們是每個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)的好榜樣。主語(yǔ)是They，這里表語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，examples的意思是“榜樣”，根據(jù)句意，故填examples。
Passage 4（2019 ?鎮(zhèn)江市）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及所給首字母提示寫出所缺單詞, 使短文意思完整, 每空一詞。
As I entered an international high school, all my friends felt surprised at my short hair. This is because, my old school thinks teenage y___46___ aren’t the time for looking pretty. Then I coloured my hair blue. For the first time, I felt free and beautiful. This international school s___47___ to meet my needs.
I had a t___48___ education background. I went to public schools, received normal (常規(guī)的) education and was required to follow r___49___ like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w___50___ this education was truly suitable for me.
However, in the new school my high hopes were not met. For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before. It was s___51___ the biggest challenge I faced in my education-the freedom to try new things. In the old system, I was strongly advised a___52___ trying new things. But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things. But if I f___53___, I must be responsible (負(fù)責(zé)任的) because I put myself in such risk. Finally, it led me to get into trouble again.
As time went by, I started to find my o___54___ balance. In fact, none of the education systems in the world are perfect. I am l___55___ enough to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together. As a result, I've built a system for myself.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】這篇短文作者講述了他經(jīng)歷的兩種完全不同的教育體系，他原來(lái)的學(xué)校限制學(xué)生們的自由，要求學(xué)生們遵守很多的規(guī)則，反對(duì)學(xué)生們嘗試新事物；而新學(xué)校正好相反。隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者也意識(shí)到?jīng)]有哪種教育體系是完美的，將不同體系的價(jià)值結(jié)合在一起，形成自己的體系，作者感到自己很幸運(yùn)。
46. youth 句意：這是因?yàn)槲以瓉?lái)的學(xué)校認(rèn)為青少年時(shí)期不是好看的時(shí)候。根據(jù)句意aren't the time for looking pretty可知，這里應(yīng)指的是“青少年時(shí)期”，單詞的首字母是y，由此可猜到應(yīng)填youth，意為“青年，青少年時(shí)期”。
47. seems 句意：這個(gè)國(guó)際學(xué)校好像滿足了我的需要。根據(jù)句意和首字母可知，這里應(yīng)填seem，意為“似乎，好像”，后面常跟動(dòng)詞不定式，seem to do sth.“好像做某事”。短文第一段使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)The international school是單數(shù)，故動(dòng)詞應(yīng)變?yōu)槿龁涡问剑顂eems。
48. terrible 句意：我的教育背景很糟糕。根據(jù)下文I went to public schools, received normal (常規(guī)的) education and was required to follow r___4___ like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w___5___ this education was truly suitable for me.可知，作者對(duì)自己在從前的學(xué)校里接受的教育表示懷疑，不知道那種教育是不是適合“我”。結(jié)合首字母可知，這里應(yīng)填terrible，“糟糕的”。
49. rules 句意：我上公立學(xué)校，接受常規(guī)的教育，像每一個(gè)其他的學(xué)生一樣被要求遵守規(guī)則。根據(jù)句意follow….“遵守…”和首字母r可知，這里應(yīng)表示“遵守規(guī)則”，應(yīng)用名詞rule，且學(xué)生們遵守的規(guī)則是有很多的，故應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式rules。
50. whether 句意：后來(lái)，我開(kāi)始想知道這種教育是否真正適合我。根據(jù)句意I began to wonder…和文意可知，作者不知道這種教育是不是適合他，故這里填whether，意為“是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。
51. surprising 句意：真的很令人吃驚，我在教育中面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是嘗試新事物的自由。根據(jù)上句話For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before.可知，這里作者說(shuō)的是在新學(xué)校里讓他吃驚的事，故應(yīng)填surprising，形容詞，“令人吃驚的”，在句中作表語(yǔ)。
52. against 句意：在舊的體系里，我被建議說(shuō)反對(duì)嘗試新事物。根據(jù)文意可知，作者接受的新舊兩個(gè)教育體系是不一樣的，下句話But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們嘗試新事物”，因此原來(lái)的學(xué)校是反對(duì)的，故這里填against，“反對(duì)，違抗”。
53. fail 句意：但是如果我失敗了，我必須要負(fù)責(zé)任，因?yàn)槲野炎约褐糜谶@樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之中。根據(jù)句意I must be responsible可知，這里表示“假如失敗的話”，應(yīng)用fail，是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。這一段使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為I，故動(dòng)詞填原形。
54. own 句意：隨著時(shí)間的推移，我開(kāi)始找到了我自己的平衡。根據(jù)文意和首字母可知，這里應(yīng)填own，意為“某人自己的”，常和形容詞性物主代詞搭配使用。
55. lucky 句意：我很幸運(yùn)有機(jī)會(huì)將兩個(gè)體系的巨大價(jià)值結(jié)合在一起。根據(jù)文意和句意to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together.可知，作者經(jīng)歷了兩種教育體系，將他們的家長(zhǎng)結(jié)合在一起，作者是非常幸運(yùn)的。故這里應(yīng)填lucky，是一個(gè)形容詞，意為“幸運(yùn)的”。
【點(diǎn)睛】
這篇短文作者通過(guò)對(duì)比他經(jīng)歷的兩種完全相反的教育體系，告訴我們每一種教育體系都有它自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，沒(méi)有哪種是完美的。短文主題明確，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，文章中作者通過(guò)對(duì)比、舉例的方式，使學(xué)生們更容易理解文章的內(nèi)容。題型是短文填空，要求根據(jù)文意以及單詞的首字母，填寫適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并注意使用其正確的形式。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)先通讀短文，了解文章大意；然后根據(jù)首字母提示填寫單詞，再根據(jù)句中使用的句型、單詞的作用等，變化其正確的形式。例如第4小題，根據(jù)句意follow….“遵守…”和首字母r可知，這里應(yīng)表示“遵守規(guī)則”，應(yīng)用名詞rule，且學(xué)生們遵守的規(guī)則是有很多的，故應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式rules。再如第7小題，根據(jù)文意可知，作者接受的新舊兩個(gè)教育體系是不一樣的，下句話But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新學(xué)校鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們嘗試新事物”，因此原來(lái)的學(xué)校是反對(duì)的，故這里填against，“反對(duì)，違抗”。
Passage 5（2019 ?內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市）
Smartphones and e-readers have become more common in recent years. Some people think that the days of paper books will be gone. But recent surveys have shown that traditional books are still popular a 71 readers.
Research company Nielsen found that in the UK, sales of e-books are f 72 while sales of paper books are rising. More surprisingly, it’s young people who are buying the most physical books. Another survey of university students from the United States, Slovakia(斯洛伐克) and Japan also showed that 92 percent of t 73 preferred papere books.
So what is b 74 paper book comeback(回歸)?
The most popular reason given was: “ I like to hold the product.” It’s true that paper books bring a very different reading experience. Slovakian students said that they liked the smell of paper books. Other students said that they could get a s 75 of accomplishment (成就) when they finished reading a paper book.
Paper books can also be very personal objects to lovers of reading. Many people like to sign their name on the i 76 cover. If the cover gets bent(彎曲) or there is a stain (污點(diǎn)) made on the page from coffee, all the better. The a 77 make the book even more personal. It’s as if readers of paper books make friends with them.
This “friendship” people d 78 with books isn’t just sentimental(情感的). Research has shown that readers remember more information reading from paper books t 79 e-books. People also more e 80 end up with headaches or sore eyes while reading e-books.
So why not pick up a book and start reading?
71. a 72. f 73. t 74. b 75.s
76. i 77. a 78. d 79. t 80. e
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】本文作者探討紙質(zhì)圖書(shū)回歸的背后原因．
71． among 考查介詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"但最近的調(diào)查顯示，傳統(tǒng)書(shū)籍仍深受讀者歡迎"，考慮用介詞among，意為"在…之中"，故答案為 among；
72．falling 考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"尼爾森研究公司發(fā)現(xiàn)，在英國(guó)，電子書(shū)的銷量在下降，而紙質(zhì)書(shū)的銷量在上升"，考慮用動(dòng)詞fall，意為"下降"，由下文are rising推斷此處填-ing形式，故答案為 falling；
73．them 考查代詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"斯洛伐克和日本也顯示出92%的人更喜歡平裝本"，考慮用代詞them，意為"他們"，由空前的介詞of推斷此處填賓格形式，故答案為 them；
74．behind 考查介詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"那么紙質(zhì)圖書(shū)回歸的背后是什么呢？"，考慮用介詞behind，意為"在…后面"，故答案為 behind；
75．sense 考查名詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"其他學(xué)生說(shuō)，讀完一本紙質(zhì)書(shū)后，他們會(huì)有成就感"，考慮用名詞，意為"感覺(jué)"，由空前的冠詞a推斷此處填原形，故答案為 sense；
76．inside 考查形容詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"許多人喜歡在封面上簽名"，考慮用形容詞inside，意為"里面的"，故答案為 inside；
77．a(chǎn)ccidents 考查名詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"事故使這本書(shū)更加個(gè)人化"，考慮用名詞accident，意為"事故"，由上文舉例推斷此處填復(fù)數(shù)形式，故答案為 accidents；
78．develop 考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"這種友誼是人們通過(guò)書(shū)本發(fā)展起來(lái)的，而不僅僅是感情用事"，考慮用動(dòng)詞develop，意為"發(fā)展"，由一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)推斷此處填原形，故答案為 develop；
79．than 考查連詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"研究表明，比起電子書(shū)，讀者更能記住從紙質(zhì)書(shū)中閱讀的信息"，考慮用連詞，意為"比"，故答案為 than；
80．easily 考查副詞．根據(jù)語(yǔ)境"在閱讀電子書(shū)時(shí)，更多的人很容易患上頭痛或眼睛酸痛"，考慮用副詞easily，意為"容易地"，由空后的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)end up with推斷此處填副詞形式，故答案為 easily．
Passage 6（2019 ?四川省廣元市）
閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示寫出文中所缺單詞。請(qǐng)將單詞填寫在答題卡上的相應(yīng)位置。
Have you ever heard of the train No. 6063? It links (連接) thirty-eight s 80 along the way from Baoji of Shanxi to Guangyuan of Sichuan. It passes by twenty-four schools, so there are always many students taking the train. The students live in mountainous areas. And they need to take the train b 81__ schools and homes every week. It always takes a long time for them to go to school and go home on the train. In order to help them, the head of the train Xiang Fei decided to do something for the children. He and other workers s 82 several hours turning one of the carriages into a special student carriage. There are big desks and a library. Many kind-hearted people gave away o 83 300 new books to this library. Students can read all kinds of books, do their homework and talk with students from other schools on the train.
【答案與解析】
【文章大意】文章講了山區(qū)孩子上學(xué)困難，社會(huì)愛(ài)心人士給與了幫助．
80. stops 考查名詞．根據(jù)意思：它從山西寶雞到四川廣元一路上有三十八個(gè)站，小站是名詞stop，此處是復(fù)數(shù)，故答案是：stops．
81. between 考查介詞．根據(jù)意思：他們每周都要在學(xué)校和家庭之間坐火車．在．．和．．之間是between and．故答案是：between．
82. spent 考查動(dòng)詞．根據(jù)意思：他和其他工人花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)把一節(jié)車廂變成了一節(jié)特殊的學(xué)生車廂．花費(fèi)時(shí)間干某事spend time doing．一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故答案是：spent．
83. over 考查介詞．根據(jù)意思：許多熱心的人把300多本新書(shū)贈(zèng)送給這個(gè)圖書(shū)館．多于是over．故答案是：over．


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