2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解主旨大意和詞語(yǔ)理解題課件

這是一份2023屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解主旨大意和詞語(yǔ)理解題課件，共30頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了主旨大意題解析，考點(diǎn)分析，詞義猜測(cè)或理解題等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。
巧刷高考題——閱讀理解主旨大意和詞語(yǔ)猜測(cè)題解題技巧分析
主旨大意題解析
考點(diǎn)分析
主旨大意題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)全文內(nèi)容或某一段落內(nèi)容加以合理地歸納總結(jié)的能力，目的是檢查對(duì)短文整體或某一段落的理解概括。該類(lèi)題目是高考中的難點(diǎn)之一，也是區(qū)分度較大的題目。該類(lèi)題有三種考查形式：①標(biāo)題歸納 ②文章大意 ③段落大意
考點(diǎn)分析
(二)選項(xiàng)特征1．正確選項(xiàng)特征(1)涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。(2)確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。(3)精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度及色彩。2．干擾選項(xiàng)特征(1)過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云所給選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容概括的范圍過(guò)大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容。
考點(diǎn)分析
(2)以偏概全，主次不分所給選項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，或以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或個(gè)別詞作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。(3)移花接木，偷換概念所給選項(xiàng)被命題者有意識(shí)地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上，若不留神，極易選錯(cuò)答案。(4)無(wú)中生有，生搬硬套所給選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)雖然在文章中談到了，但經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫無(wú)聯(lián)系。
閱讀理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正義聯(lián)盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 1.What do we know about Lee from paragraph 2? A. He served for the U.S. Army for two years. B. He suffered from an unfortunate marriage.C. He had a tough and struggling childhood. D. He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.2.What was the company called when Spider-Man was created?Timely Comics. B. Marvel Comics. C. Atlas Comics. D. DC Comics.3.What does the underlined word “icon” mean in the last paragraph?A. Theme. B. Character. C. Assistant. D. Symbol.4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics. B. The Development of Marvel Comics.C. Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books. D. The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics.
1.推理判斷答案：C
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解答案：B
3.詞義猜測(cè)答案：D
4.主旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納答案：A
3.最后一段介紹了斯坦·李的成就,作為漫威宇宙的創(chuàng)始人之一,斯坦·李可以算是美漫歷史上最偉大的人物之一,沒(méi)有他可能就沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在的漫威世界.所以他可以被稱(chēng)為是漫威宇宙的標(biāo)志,由此可推知.icon 譯為‘標(biāo)志’,故選D項(xiàng)。選擇性必修四unit2將學(xué)到iconic 一詞，符號(hào)的；圖標(biāo)的，它的名詞是icon
4.第一段就提到漫威創(chuàng)始人之一斯坦·李，然后全文圍繞斯坦·李的傳奇一生,他對(duì)美國(guó)漫畫(huà)的影響力是令人矚目的,他生前所創(chuàng)作的經(jīng)典作品在世界上都可以稱(chēng)作是頂級(jí)的文化品牌,所以他被稱(chēng)為漫威之父。godfather意為“開(kāi)拓者;發(fā)起者:創(chuàng)始人“,故選A項(xiàng)。
本文中，comic 一詞在必修三unit3 里已學(xué)，意思是是‘連環(huán)畫(huà)雜志；漫畫(huà)雜志；戲劇演員’，掌握本詞，有助于對(duì)文章的理解。
閱讀理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正義聯(lián)盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics. B. The Development of Marvel Comics.C. Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books. D. The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics.
4.主旨大意——確定標(biāo)題答案：A
主旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納題1．常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式Which is the most suitable title for the text?The best title of the passage is 　　　　.Which of the following is the best title of the passage？What would be the best title for the passage？The most appropriate title of the passage is 　　　　.
閱讀理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正義聯(lián)盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics. B. The Development of Marvel Comics.C. Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books. D. The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics.
4.主旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納答案：A
標(biāo)題歸納題最佳標(biāo)題具備三大特點(diǎn)：(1)概括性——準(zhǔn)確、全面而又簡(jiǎn)短；(2)針對(duì)性——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；(3)醒目性——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲興趣
閱讀理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正義聯(lián)盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics. B. The Development of Marvel Comics.C. Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books. D. The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics.
4.主旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納答案：A
4.第一段就提到漫威創(chuàng)始人之一斯坦·李，然后全文圍繞斯坦·李的傳奇一生,他對(duì)美國(guó)漫畫(huà)的影響力是令人矚目的,他生前所創(chuàng)作的經(jīng)典作品在世界上都可以稱(chēng)作是頂級(jí)的文化品牌,所以他被稱(chēng)為漫威之父。godfather意為“教父；開(kāi)拓者；發(fā)起者；創(chuàng)始人”,故選A項(xiàng)。
閱讀理解2 ( 2022 全國(guó)乙卷C篇) Can a small group of drones(無(wú)人機(jī)) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.?That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.??? By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.5.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.6.What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.7.What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.8.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
5.細(xì)節(jié)理解答案：A
6.詞匯理解答案：C
7.細(xì)節(jié)理解答案：A
8.主旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納答案：D
6.題干問(wèn)：“maintenance”是什么意思。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)境“節(jié)省_____費(fèi)用”以及該詞在下文中的語(yǔ)境, 即第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”(據(jù)計(jì)算, 單是歐洲鐵路一年就要在維護(hù)上面花費(fèi)約200億歐元, 其中包括常常在夜里派遣維護(hù)員工去檢查和修復(fù)鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)可知, 鐵路“maintenance”包括檢查和修復(fù)鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。故C項(xiàng)正確。必修三 unit5 單元學(xué)過(guò)maintain一詞，意思是‘維持；保持；維修；保養(yǎng)’，它的名詞就是maintenance，記住該詞，有助于做出判斷，甚至是不用看文章既可以選出正確答案。
7.題干問(wèn)：期待鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)有什么樣的功能。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句"With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time"(因?yàn)槟芴崆翱吹? 無(wú)人機(jī)可以感知到任何問(wèn)題, 這樣快速前進(jìn)的列車(chē)就可以及時(shí)作出反應(yīng))可知, 期待鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)具有的功能是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題, 并給列車(chē)發(fā)出警告。故A項(xiàng)正確。
閱讀理解2 ( 2022 全國(guó)乙卷C篇) Can a small group of drones(無(wú)人機(jī)) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.?That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.??? By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
8. 主旨要義（標(biāo)題歸納）。題干問(wèn)的是：本文最佳標(biāo)題是什么？
第一段以問(wèn)句導(dǎo)入, 綜述無(wú)人機(jī)在鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)方面的應(yīng)用前景; 激發(fā)讀者興趣
第二段主要講述無(wú)人機(jī)在鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)中的部分功能和作用
第四段講無(wú)人機(jī)還能為鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)做的事情。由此可知本篇文章主要講的是無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)。故D項(xiàng)正確。
第三段主要講了無(wú)人機(jī)在降低鐵路維護(hù)成本和維護(hù)鐵路職員人身安全方面的作用;
閱讀理解3：——2022北京高考D篇 主旨大意（標(biāo)題歸納）和猜詞Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about Py Quantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.9．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.10．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
9.詞匯理解答案：C
10.主旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納答案：D
9. 此題答案選A。根據(jù)該詞所在句 “But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” : 但約翰遜認(rèn)為，量子計(jì)算的某些方面使它特別(_____)被炒作，也許是因?yàn)椤傲孔印贝砹四悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西。對(duì)本句加以意思分析推理，可知括號(hào)處可以填（易于、容易被、易受）等，再把四個(gè)答案帶入其中此 可知處open應(yīng)理解為“易受”。be open to sth易受 Weak people are especially open to illness. 即使沒(méi)有掌握open “易于”的意思，根據(jù)Open 的本意：“開(kāi)著的；開(kāi)放的，對(duì)…開(kāi)放/公開(kāi)”，也可以判斷出open 正確。其它選項(xiàng)放在此處講不通，B: 涼的;涼爽的;涼快的;使人感到?jīng)鏊?冷色的;鎮(zhèn)靜的;平靜的;不友好的;令人欽佩的，絕妙的，頂呱呱的;妙極的，酷的;C: 有用的;有益的;實(shí)用的;有幫助的; D: 抵抗的;有抵抗力的;抵制的;抗…的;耐…的Open 詞義拓展：①She is always open with her friends. ②keep your ears/eyes open for sth. ③with open arms:④have an open mind about/on sth. ⑤I am open to suggestions for what you would like to do in our classes.
她對(duì)朋友總是很坦誠(chéng)（honest/frank）
注意；保持警覺(jué)；留心
愿意聆聽(tīng)/接受意見(jiàn)；對(duì)…思想開(kāi)明；
warmly/honest/frankly 熱烈的；熱情的；誠(chéng)摯地
思想開(kāi)放的，willing to listen to sth.
閱讀理解3：——2022北京高考D篇 主旨大意（標(biāo)題歸納）和猜詞Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answere my questions about it. He also answered my questions about Py Quantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.10．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
10.主旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納答案：D
10.解析：該題正確答案為D。首先排除答案A，因?yàn)镴ohnson和Taylor作為quantum computing的專(zhuān)家，在本文中是平行出現(xiàn)，不分孰是孰非，孰優(yōu)孰劣。這屬于‘主觀臆斷，無(wú)中生有’。答案B中的redefining為重新定義。故答案B可以理解為量子計(jì)算是否重新定義科技，本文沒(méi)有涉及此話(huà)題。這也是‘無(wú)中生有，生搬硬套’。答案C的come into being，語(yǔ)義為產(chǎn)生；誕生。故答案C量子計(jì)算機(jī)會(huì)誕生嗎？該話(huà)題只在Taylor的話(huà)語(yǔ)The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”中有所涉及。這屬于‘以偏概全，不分主次’最后再看答案D。live up to，不辜負(fù)；符合；遵守；達(dá)到。故答案D可以理解為：量子計(jì)算永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)辜負(fù)它的炒作嗎？hype一詞在Johnson和Taylor的話(huà)語(yǔ)當(dāng)中皆有表述。Johnson對(duì)此呈現(xiàn)擔(dān)心態(tài)度，而Taylor則持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。
閱讀理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜詞As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.??Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.???After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."???In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."???The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.11. Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
11.詞匯理解答案：A
12.主旨大意——確定標(biāo)題答案：B
11.根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.”在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國(guó)巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索；以及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest”當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活?？芍?，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。可推知，take the plunge與try challenging things“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近，與前句中的 explore的意思相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選A。
12.主旨大意。文章提及Ginni喜歡旅行, 著重介紹了Ginni難忘的南極洲奇遇。A項(xiàng)"一個(gè)童年夢(mèng)想", 與全文主題不符; C項(xiàng)"環(huán)游世界", 范疇超過(guò)了本文內(nèi)容; D項(xiàng)"遇見(jiàn)南極洲的動(dòng)物", 以偏概全。故選B項(xiàng)。
閱讀理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜詞As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.??Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.???After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."???In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."???The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
12.主旨大意——文章大義答案：B
主旨大意——文章大意題1．常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式What's the main idea/point of the passage?The passage is mainly about ________.The passage is mainly concerned about ________.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.The subject discussed in this text is ________.The general/main idea of the passage is about ________. What is the text mainly about?
閱讀理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜詞As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.??Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.???After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."???In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."???The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
12.主旨大意——文章大義答案：B
題型(二)　文章大意題2．快速確定文章大意小竅門(mén) 找出每小段的主題句。各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。有的文章無(wú)明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，這就需要進(jìn)一步加工概括。觀察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)。用瀏覽法(skimming)，即快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主題線(xiàn)索和主題信息的方法可以快速找到主題句。以下是找主題句的四個(gè)小竅門(mén)：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however, but, in fact, actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。(2)首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(4)表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等詞。
閱讀理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜詞 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.??Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.???After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."???In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."???The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
12.主旨大意——文章大意答案：B
文本分析：本文是一篇記敘文，采用倒敘形式展開(kāi)。文章介紹了Ginni Bazlinton從小喜歡旅行，渴望探險(xiǎn)。在她退休、兒子獨(dú)立后，2008年開(kāi)始了她的南極難忘之旅。
第一段：Ginni Bazlinton 在南極旅行的初印象——難忘
第二段：此段倒敘Ginni的人生喜好has had a deep love for travel，以及職業(yè)生涯中的旅行經(jīng)歷she toured in the UK。
第三段：Ginni邊工作邊旅行的經(jīng)歷以及要旅行的決心
第四段：2008年Ginni開(kāi)始付諸于行動(dòng)——南極之旅
第五段：Ginni南極之旅的感悟
閱讀理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜詞 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.??Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.???After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."???In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."???The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
12.主旨大意——文章大意答案：B
主題大意——段落大意題1．常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...?·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ______.·The first paragraph is mainly about ________.·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1?
題型(三)　段落大意題2．兩方法破解段落大意題方法1：概括段落大意 要準(zhǔn)確概括某段的大意，務(wù)必要知道該段的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)如果該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說(shuō)明，其他句子對(duì)其進(jìn)行具體論述，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句就在段首。(2)如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾。(3)如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話(huà)的中間。(4)如果對(duì)比各事物，那么它們的共同點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn)就是該段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意 有時(shí)，作者可能不直接寫(xiě)出主題句，而是通過(guò)各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要讀者充分發(fā)揮想象力與判斷力揣摩段落大意。
閱讀理解5 2022全國(guó)甲卷D篇主旨大意——概括段落大意?? Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.13. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. Sydney's striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity of Sydney. C. The key to Sydney's development.D. Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
題型(三)　段落大意題【解題示范】　第一步：確定段落主題句?！癇ut it is the harbor that makes the city.”是本段的主題句，a significant thing happened in Sydney...，發(fā)現(xiàn)了harbor 和一系列的東西，用but轉(zhuǎn)折 對(duì)harbor 進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。第二步： 分析選項(xiàng)，判斷概括準(zhǔn)確的選項(xiàng)。A：Sydney‘s striking architecture.悉尼引人注目的建筑。 沒(méi)有提及，屬主觀杜撰B：The cultural diversity of Sydney. 悉尼的文化多樣性。以偏概全。C：The key to Sydney‘s development.悉尼發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。The key 即文中所指 harborD:Sydney‘s tourist attractions in the 1960s. 20世紀(jì)60年代悉尼的旅游景點(diǎn)。 移花接木，偷換概念根據(jù)主題句所說(shuō)的 “但正是海港造就了這座城市。”可知答案為故選C。
閱讀理解6 2022全國(guó)甲卷D篇主旨大意——概括段落大意?? ….. (Para5) Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. ……14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
題型(三)　段落大意題【解題示范】　第一步：確定段落主題句?！癆nalyses of a language database also confirmed that…...”是本段的主題句，第二步： 分析選項(xiàng)，判斷概括準(zhǔn)確的選項(xiàng)。A：Supporting evidence for the research results. 支撐這一研究結(jié)果的有力證據(jù)。 與….also confirmed that 相一致，B：Potential application of the research findings.研究結(jié)果的潛在應(yīng)用。這一段沒(méi)有提及application，屬于主觀臆斷，無(wú)中生有；C：A further explanation of the research methods.對(duì)研究方法的進(jìn)一步解釋。 這一段沒(méi)有提及research methods，屬于主觀臆斷，無(wú)中生有；A reasonable doubt about the research process. 對(duì)研究過(guò)程的合理懷疑。 這一段也沒(méi)有提及research methods，屬于主觀臆斷，無(wú)中生有；根據(jù)文中所說(shuō)的 “對(duì)語(yǔ)言數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的分析也證實(shí)….。”可知答案為故選A 。
詞義猜測(cè)或理解題
1.依據(jù)定義推測(cè)詞義在許多情況下，文章的作者估計(jì)某個(gè)詞一般讀者不熟悉，則會(huì)在文章中給出該詞的定義或解釋。這種解釋可能是一種重復(fù)說(shuō)明或定義。通過(guò)閱讀定義和解釋部分，讀者便可理解該詞的基本含義。線(xiàn)索詞有that，which，is等。2.依據(jù)同位語(yǔ)推測(cè)詞義通常引出該詞同位語(yǔ)的詞或短語(yǔ)有or，that is，in other words等，還有的同位語(yǔ)以括號(hào)或破折號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)。在這些標(biāo)記詞后考生可較易找到同畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意義相同或相近的詞。3.依據(jù)文章中的舉例推測(cè)詞義在閱讀理解中，考生可以根據(jù)文章所舉的例子，從具體到一般，推斷出該生詞的意思。4.依據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系或比較關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)推測(cè)詞義當(dāng)作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的事物之間有區(qū)別或?qū)αr(shí)，往往會(huì)運(yùn)用對(duì)比的手法，即運(yùn)用有對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)，例如反義詞，也可以暗示出生詞的含義。能體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系或比較關(guān)系的詞匯很多，主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，like，similarly，on the contrary，In contrast to等。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)中的分號(hào)也可表示對(duì)比。5.依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測(cè)詞義分析復(fù)合詞：如果一個(gè)生詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞，可以從該詞的各個(gè)部分的特定意思及聯(lián)系上下文推測(cè)出該詞的意思?？忌瑫r(shí)要了解構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)。6.依據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)或平行結(jié)構(gòu)中的同義詞、反義詞推測(cè)詞義7.依據(jù)因果關(guān)系、邏輯關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義因果關(guān)系是一種常見(jiàn)的、行之有效的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。一定的原因會(huì)導(dǎo)致一定的結(jié)果，某一結(jié)果總是由某種或某些原因引起的。作者在敘述原因的過(guò)程中就必然會(huì)把詞或句子置于因果關(guān)系中。常見(jiàn)的表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯有 since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so...that, such…that等。
閱讀理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正義聯(lián)盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 3.What does the underlined word “icon” mean in the last paragraph?A. Theme. B. Character. C. Assistant. D. Symbol.
3.
3.詞義猜測(cè) 3.答案：D①根據(jù)語(yǔ)境意思猜測(cè)詞義。最后一段介紹了斯坦·李的成就,作為漫威宇宙的創(chuàng)始人之一,斯坦·李可以算是美漫歷史上最偉大的人物之一,沒(méi)有他可能就沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在的漫威世界.所以他可以被稱(chēng)為是漫威宇宙的標(biāo)志,由此可推知.icon 譯為‘標(biāo)志、典型或代表’,故選D項(xiàng)符合。本題也可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。選擇性必修四unit2將學(xué)到iconic 一詞，符號(hào)的；圖標(biāo)的，它的名詞是icon，意思是圖標(biāo)；符號(hào)；偶像，與symbol 象征;符號(hào);代號(hào);記號(hào)一致。
閱讀理解2 ( 2022 全國(guó)乙卷C篇) Can a small group of drones(無(wú)人機(jī)) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.?That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.??? By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.6.What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
6.詞匯理解答案：C
8.旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納答案：D
3.詞義猜測(cè) 6.答案：C②根據(jù)上下文理解單詞含義。題干問(wèn)：“maintenance”是什么意思。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)境“節(jié)省_____費(fèi)用”以及該詞在下文中的語(yǔ)境, 即第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”(據(jù)計(jì)算, 單是歐洲鐵路一年就要在維護(hù)上面花費(fèi)約200億歐元, 其中包括常常在夜里派遣維護(hù)員工去檢查和修復(fù)鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)可知, 鐵路“maintenance”包括檢查和修復(fù)鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。故C項(xiàng)正確。本題也可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法判斷其含義。必修三 unit5 單元學(xué)過(guò)maintain一詞，意思是‘維持；保持；維修；保養(yǎng)’，它的名詞就是maintenance，與inspect and repair (檢查與維修)一致。記住該詞，有助于做出判斷，甚至是不用看文章既可以選出正確答案。
閱讀理解3：——2022北京高考D篇 主旨大意（標(biāo)題歸納）和猜詞Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about Py Quantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.9．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
9.詞匯理解答案：C
10.主旨大意——標(biāo)題歸納答案：D
詞義猜測(cè) 9.答案：A③根據(jù)邏輯表達(dá)關(guān)系猜測(cè)單詞含義。9. 此題答案選A。根據(jù)該詞所在句 “But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” : 但約翰遜認(rèn)為，量子計(jì)算的某些方面使它特別(_____)被炒作，也許是因?yàn)椤傲孔印贝砹四悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西。對(duì)本句加以意思分析推理，可知括號(hào)處可以填（易于、容易被、易受）等，再把四個(gè)答案帶入其中此 可知處open應(yīng)理解為“易受”。be open to sth易受 Weak people are especially open to illness. 即使沒(méi)有掌握open “易于”的意思，根據(jù)Open 的本意：“開(kāi)著的；開(kāi)放的，對(duì)…開(kāi)放/公開(kāi)”，也可以判斷出open 正確。其它選項(xiàng)放在此處講不通，B: 涼的;涼爽的;涼快的;使人感到?jīng)鏊?冷色的;鎮(zhèn)靜的;平靜的;不友好的;令人欽佩的，絕妙的，頂呱呱的;妙極的，酷的;C: 有用的;有益的;實(shí)用的;有幫助的; D: 抵抗的;有抵抗力的;抵制的;抗…的;耐…的Open 詞義拓展：①She is always open with her friends. ②keep your ears/eyes open for sth. ③with open arms:④have an open mind about/on sth. ⑤I am open to suggestions for what you would like to do in our classes.
她對(duì)朋友總是很坦誠(chéng)（honest/frank）
注意；保持警覺(jué)；留心
愿意聆聽(tīng)/接受意見(jiàn)；對(duì)…思想開(kāi)明；be willing to listen to sht.
warmly/honest/frankly 熱烈的；熱情的；誠(chéng)摯地
思想開(kāi)放的，willing to listen to sth.
閱讀理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜詞As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.??Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.???After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."???In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."???The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.11. Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
11.詞義猜測(cè)答案：A
詞義猜測(cè) 11.答案：A④根據(jù)同義詞猜測(cè)詞義。11.根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughout her career(職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.”在她的職業(yè)舞蹈演員生涯中，她曾在英國(guó)巡演，但一直渴望進(jìn)一步探索；以及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest”當(dāng)她不再跳舞，她的兒子們最終獨(dú)立生活。可知，Ginni在退休和兒子們成家立業(yè)之后，她決定嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情。可推知，take the plunge與try challenging things“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”意思接近，與前句中的 explore的意思相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選A。
閱讀理解7——詞義猜詞We sit too much, and researchers are discovering that even working out in a gym several times a week won’t necessarily obviate serious problems if we are sitting for the rest of the time. From weight problems to poor blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, even early deaths, the message is clear: we need to stop sitting for hours at a time. What to do? “Move more.” say the experts.15.What does the underlined word “obviate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. prevent. B. damage. C. separate. D. preserve.
詞義猜測(cè) 15.答案：A根據(jù)句意猜測(cè)單詞含義。根據(jù)單詞所在段落和句子意義：我們坐得太多，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果我們?cè)谄溆鄷r(shí)間都坐著，即使每周在健身房鍛煉幾次也不一定能___________嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。可以推知,畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞可翻譯為 “預(yù)防、解決或消除” 。后接serious problems 都可以翻譯的比較合理，故選A
閱讀理解 8——詞義猜測(cè) He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power” he said.Many experts agree that proficiency (熟練) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy. 6.The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”A．a(chǎn) slight advantage　　　 B．the outside limitC．a(chǎn) sharp tone of voice D．a(chǎn)n exciting quality
詞義猜測(cè) 16.答案：A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)單詞含義。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，隨著中國(guó)的發(fā)展，學(xué)習(xí)普通話(huà)大有裨益，由此可推知，學(xué)習(xí)普通話(huà)讓美國(guó)學(xué)生在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中有一定的_________，這與文章第五段的內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)。故畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞意為“優(yōu)勢(shì)”，與A項(xiàng)含義相近。
優(yōu)勢(shì)