New English Curriculum Standards Fr Guessing Meanings f Wrds 新課程標準對閱讀理解之猜測詞義的要求
正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎。
詞義并非完全等同詞典中所標注的漢語意思，其在不同的語境中會有所不同。根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。
閱讀文章時，對未見過的詞，可以通過上下文推斷出來，這是閱讀理解中經(jīng)常考查的一種能力。
Statistics n the type f questins:
掌握詞義猜測題的考查角度
猜測代詞所替代的內(nèi)容(it,ne,they,them,this,that...)
[典例]　(2018·北京卷 ) ... Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing. The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues . But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy.49．What des the underlined wrd “fielded” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?A Emplyed B Replaced C Shared D Reduced.
field(n.場地 ) field vt.運用=emply(使用，運用)
利用構詞法（詞性轉(zhuǎn)換）---猜測詞意
考向1：猜測單詞含義方法1.
cnsideratin
break+thrugh
breakthrugh
It's warm.
Put n a cat t warm himself.
方法2. [典例] 1. Cleaning up waterways is an enrmus task .The jb is s large, in fact, that the gvernment may nt be able t save sme f the rivers and lakes which have been plluted. 　2.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ )By translating the rich and humrus text f Lve’s Labur’s Lst int the physical language f BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretatin f Shakespeare’s cmedy and aims t build a bridge between deaf and hearing wrlds by perfrming t bth grups as ne audience.
生詞
同義詞/近義詞（上下文語境）
translating
1.Mst f us agreed, hwever, Bill dissented.2.(福建卷)If yu're tired f wandering arund the gym wasting time and becming bred，yu can attend an upbeat grup fitness class that'll keep yur wrkut n track. Q:The underlined wrd “upbeat” in the secnd paragraph prbably means “________”．A．cheerful B．a(chǎn)verage C．serius D．temprary
生詞
信號詞(but, hwever, yet,althugh...)/反義詞（上下文語境）
利用同義詞，近義詞，反義詞猜測詞意(上下文)
方法3. That museum is s immense that it will be impssible t see all the exhibitins in ne day. [典例]　(2019·北京卷 )Phytplanktn(浮游植物) lives at the cean surface, where they pull carbn dixide int the cean while giving ff xygen. phytplanktn are vulnerable t the cean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics f the cean and can affect phytplanktn grwth, since they need nt nly sunlight and carbn dixide t grw... 43．What des the underlined wrd “vulnerable”in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?A．Sensitive B．Beneficial C．Significant D．Unnticeable
利用邏輯關系猜測詞意(因果，轉(zhuǎn)折，解釋)
方法4． Tday yung cuples ften spend lts f their mney n appliances, fr instance, washing machines, refrigeratrs and clr televisins.[典例]　(2018·Ⅰ)In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.29．Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant”in paragraph 2?A．Cmplex B．Advanced C．Pwerful D．Mdern
結(jié)合信號詞推測詞義（上下文語境）
利用例證猜測詞意( such as, like,fr example...)
方法5. The self-driving vehicle is a great emblem f this data age, and that is t say ,it is a sign f time ... [典例]　(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)If yu have a juicer, yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sftserve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children’s party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A．A dessert　　B．A drink C．A cntainer D．A machine
關鍵詞（上下文）推測詞意
利用同等關系猜測詞意( that is, r,that is t say...)
方法6. When a dctr perfrms an peratin n a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic t make him uncnscius，because he des nt want his patient t feel pain r t knw what is happening t him.
利用 生活常識和文化背景
考向2： 代詞的指代意義 (this, that, it, them, these, thse...)[典例]　(2017·全國卷)Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that. ... 29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?A．Jazz becming mre accessible. B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung. D．The jazz audience becming larger. 第一步　確定題干中的關鍵信息__________________________________________第二步　定位到原句，并找出該詞所代替的內(nèi)容(就近上指)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第三步　綜合判斷得出答案__________________________________________________________
the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3
the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins
分析：that指代爵士樂聽眾的數(shù)量減少并且趨于老齡化，不受年輕人喜歡 。
就近原則，向上(向下)搜索關鍵詞
找出指代詞(it, they, them, this..)
　考向3：句意猜測題——意義吻合定句意
[典例](2019·浙江卷 )Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.”
24．What des the expressin “mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Mney spent withut hesitatin. B．Mney nt legally made.C．Mney ffered withut cnditins. D．Mney nt tied tgether.
第一步　確定題干中的關鍵信息__________________________________________第二步　定位到原句，并找出與該句相關的信息句__________________________________________第三步　綜合判斷得出答案__________________________________________
盡你所能，取你所需---無條件提供錢
結(jié)合語境，準確分析原句語法和邏輯關系
找出關鍵詞句，合理推斷，歸納總結(jié)
step2:微觀入手 就近原則(上下搜索) 替換
構詞法猜測: 合成 派生 轉(zhuǎn)換
同義，近義詞&反義詞猜測: like but hwever...
邏輯關系猜測: 因果 轉(zhuǎn)折 并列 解釋 ...
例證猜測: such as fr instance...
同等關系猜測: that is that is t say...
生活常識文化背景: 上下文語境結(jié)合常識
對原句進行語法語義上進行準確分析，結(jié)合上下文合理推斷
step1:宏觀把握 結(jié)合語境分析原句 合理推斷
Practise：1.(2016年 全國卷)Encuraging this kind f thingking has a dwnside.I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f A mistake B drawback C difficulty D burden
2.Other rad users, including hrse riders, manage t bey the rules s why nt cyclists?It is abut time they had t be registered and insured, s then they d hit a pedestrian r a vehicle, r cause an accident, at leat they can be traced and there might be an pprtunity t claim.A accidents B vehicles C pedestrains D cyclists
drawback---draw&back
3. 2017（Ⅲ）Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested B. Separated C. Frced ut D. Tracked dwn4. 2018（Ⅲ）Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?A. The mre, the better.B. Enugh is enugh.C. Mre mney, mre wrries.D. Earn mre and spend mre.
The characteristics f a right chice
含義和字面意思沒有任何關系

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