一個(gè)句子之所以長，是增加了修飾語的緣故。我們要做的就是找到修飾語，去掉修飾語，使長句變成簡單句。去掉定狀補(bǔ)，只留主加謂。修飾語:作定語的形容詞作狀語的副詞介詞短語非謂語動(dòng)詞短語從句形容詞和副詞是一個(gè)詞，相對(duì)較短，而介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞和從句相對(duì)較長，因此，有人稱之為“三長兩短”。
Having chsen family televisin prgrams and wmen’s magazines, the tthpaste marketer, fr instance, must select the exact televisin prgrams and statins as well as the specific wmen’s magazines t be used.
1、帶有較多成分的簡單句。
例如，決定選擇家庭電視節(jié)目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經(jīng)銷商還必須挑選出要用的確切的電視節(jié)目和電視臺(tái)，以及那些具體的婦女雜志。
In the 1970s he was a surgen at Yale, had a wnderful wife and five beautiful children, but he was terribly unhappy.
在20世紀(jì)70年代，他在耶魯當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生，有位出色的太太和5個(gè)漂亮的孩子，但他那時(shí)過得卻很不開心。
2、含有多個(gè)簡單句的并列句。
3、包含多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句。
I can’t live in fear f the pssibility that as the earth’s ppulatin grws and we use mre and mre f ur nnrenewable resurces, ur children may have t lead prer lives.
我不能總是生活在對(duì)這種可能性的憂慮中：由于地球上人口的不斷增長，由于我們正在消耗掉越來越多的非再生資源，我們的孩子可能不得不過著更加貧窮的生活。
I have knwn changes fr the better and changes fr the wrse, but I have never questined the fact that whether I liked it r nt, change was unavidable.
我經(jīng)歷過好的變化，也經(jīng)歷過壞的變化，但是我從來沒有懷疑過這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即不管我喜歡與否，變化總是不可避免的。
4. 并列句中包含復(fù)合句。
24. Which actr r actress is nn-white?A. Scarlett Jhanssn B. Matt Damn C. Ed Skrein D. Daniel Dae Kim.
2. Several Hllywd films have faced criticism in recent mnths fr featuring white actrs in Asian rles. Recent films accused f whitewashing include the Hllywd remake f Japanese anime Ghst in the Shell, which had Scarlett Jhanssn in the main rle which was riginally Japanese, and Chinese epic The Great Wall which starred Matt Damn as its lead character. Earlier this year, British actr Ed Skrein wh was cast as an Asian character in the upcming Hellby remake pulled ut f the film s that the rle culd be “cast apprpriately”. It then went t Krean-American actr Daniel Dae Kim.
“洗白”(whitewashing)指由白人演員扮演非白人角色的行為，被視為一種盛行很久的種族歧視行為。
His jurney t the e-mail hell began inncently enugh when, as chairman f Cmputer Assciates Internatinal, a sftware cmpany, he first heard hw quickly his emplyees had accepted their new electrnic-mail system.
他在電子郵件的地獄之旅是糊里糊涂開始的。作為國際計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)合公司這家軟件公司的董事長，他當(dāng)時(shí)還是第一次聽說他的雇員們是多么快地就接受了他們公司的新的電子郵件系統(tǒng)。
5、含有多個(gè)插入成分或分隔成分的句子。
高考閱讀理解--- 主旨大意
1) 主題類The main idea f the passage is …The passage is mainly abut …What is the passage mainly abut?2) 目的類The passage is meant/intended t …The purpse f this article is t …3) 標(biāo)題類The best title f the passage is …
(1) Nw（如今）…暗示本文即將要講的事很有可能與以往不同。(2) 表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞。段落中出現(xiàn)but, hwever, actually, while, in fact, n the cntrary, in cntrast等時(shí)，其后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。(3) 表總結(jié)的詞。如therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等詞后內(nèi)容也可能是主題。(4) 多次重復(fù)的詞。如果一篇文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)某個(gè)詞，該詞往往是體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(5) 若首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問題的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。(6)說明實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論或調(diào)查結(jié)果的句子。如their studies shw that…，the experiment shws that…, scientists/ researchers have fund that…或there is evidence suggesting that… 中that從句的內(nèi)容通常就是主旨。
尋找主題句的6個(gè)微技能
1、段(文)首——開門見山，點(diǎn)出主題；2、段(文)尾——詳細(xì)論證，總結(jié)陳詞；3、段(文)中——引題過渡，導(dǎo)出主題; 4、段(文)首尾—首尾呼應(yīng)，烘托主題；
1. 以偏概全，干擾項(xiàng)故意片面地理解文章，從文中某些 (不完全的) 事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。2. 放大或縮小文章的主題。把文章中出現(xiàn)過的某一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或具體細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)成整篇文章的主題；或者太籠統(tǒng)地夸大主題。3. 偷換概念，文章的主題被換成相關(guān)但不同的主題。4. 主觀臆斷，文中沒有出處但看似符合常理的誤導(dǎo)性主題。
(2017年四川卷D）A warm drink f milk befre bed has lng been the best chice fr thse wanting a gd night’s sleep. But nw a study has fund it really des help peple nd ff—if it is milked frm a cw at night. Researchers have discvered that “night milk” cntains mre melatnin(褪黑激素), which has been prven t help peple feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers frm Seul, Suth Krea, invlved mice being fed with dried milk pwder made frm cws milked bth during the day and at night.
Smking cigarettes is harmful t yur health. Experiments shw that cigarette smking can cause cancer. Besides the mst serius and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smking als can cause ther health prblems. Fr example, it can give ne a “smker’s cugh”. Finally, studies have shwn it is easy fr cigarette smkers t catch clds. Whether yu get an unimprtant cld r terrible killer, cancer, smking is harmful. Is it wrth it?
1.文首—開門見山，點(diǎn)出主題。 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為：點(diǎn)出主題—圍繞主題 展開陳述、論證或說明
Reading is the key t schl success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns t walk by practicing until he n lnger has t think abut hw t put ne ft in frnt f the ther. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately, withut thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zne.” Educatrs call it “ autmaticity.” The paragraph mainly tells us _______.A. what autmaticity is B. hw accuracy is acquired B. hw a child learns t walk D. hw an athlete is trained.
（2）文尾—詳細(xì)論證，總結(jié)陳詞。 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為：表述細(xì)節(jié)—概括主題 歸納要點(diǎn)、得出結(jié)論、提出建議
If yu were planning t buy a televisin set, the fllwing advertisement wuld certainly draw yur attentin: “Clr TV. Only ＄79. Tw days sale. Hurry.” Hwever, when yu g t the stre ready t buy. Yu may discver that they are sld ut. But the shp assistant is quick t tell yu that he has anther mdel. A much better set which is “just right fr yu” It csts ＄395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched t anther mre expensive ne. Buying things n sale needs careful cnsideratin f the gds and the reasn fr the sale.The paragraph culd be entitled _________.A. Buyer Beware　　B. Clseut(出清存貨) Sale C. A Selling Methd 　　D. Buying a TV Set
Nthing is as useful as a flashlight n a dark night if a tire ges flat. Few inventins are s helpful t a child wh is afraid f the dark. In fact, the mdern flashlight brings light t many dark situatins. Finding smething in the back f a clset is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper als needs ne after the light f the campfire has been ut.
(3)段中—引題過渡，導(dǎo)出主題。 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為:“引題—主題思想—解釋”或“提問—回答—解釋”。
Nt s lng ag, mst peple didn't knw wh Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was ging t becme. She was just an average high schl athlete. cperatin quickly prduced results, and a few year later at Jamaica’s Olympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, wh at that time nly ranked number 70 in the wrld, beat Jamaica's unchallenged queen f the sprint (短跑) As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champins aren't made in gyms. Champins are made frm smething they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a visin.” One f the things Shelly-Ann can be prud f is her understanding f this truth.What is the best title fr the passage？A. The Making f a Great AthleteB. The Dream fr ChampinshipC. The Key t High PerfrmanceD. The Pwer f Full Respnsibility
(4）首尾—首尾呼應(yīng)，烘托主題 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為:提出主題—展開論述或說明 —進(jìn)一步引申或發(fā)展主題
2. 文尾—詳細(xì)論證，總結(jié)陳詞。 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為：表述細(xì)節(jié)—概括主題 歸納要點(diǎn)、得出結(jié)論、提出建議
3. 段中—引題過渡，導(dǎo)出主題。 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為:“引題—主題思想—解釋”或“提問—回答—解釋”。
4. 首尾—首尾呼應(yīng)，烘托主題 語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為:提出主題—展開論述或說明 —進(jìn)一步引申或發(fā)展主題
1. (2018年全國Ⅱ卷·32) We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because...
◇What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?A. Addictin t smartphnes.B. Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.C. Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.D. Impatience with slw service.
本段無主題句，描述的情況是：在公共場合，人們只是專注地盯著自己的手機(jī)，甚或苦苦掙扎于令人不自在的沉默之中。據(jù)此可歸納為，陌生人之間缺少交流。故選C項(xiàng)。
(2017年Ⅱ卷) Terrafugia Inc. said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight, bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transitin—has tw seats, fur wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and burns 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.
◇What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A. The basic data f the Transitin.B. The advantages f flying cars.C. The ptential market fr flying cars.D. The designers f the Transitin.
1、主題詞或主題句主題詞出現(xiàn)頻率較高，往往在第一段出現(xiàn)，帶有概括性。文章沒有明顯的主題句，可以通過找主題詞。注：主旨大意題的正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)包含主題詞！2、歸納無主題段或主題句的材料的方法根據(jù)文篇中所提供的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。3、運(yùn)用逆向思維法：在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去都十分正確無法選擇時(shí)，試著從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項(xiàng)來寫文章會(huì)有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。
主旨大意題干擾選項(xiàng)的特征：①過于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所概括的內(nèi)容超出原文的范圍。②以偏概全，主次不分。只概括了文章一部分的內(nèi)容，或以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容或個(gè)別詞語做出選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。③移花接木，偷換概念。選項(xiàng)中的定語或狀語影響語意范圍，或者把屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上。④主觀臆測，無中生有，雖符合一般常理，選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞也在文中提及，但選項(xiàng)的實(shí)際含義與文章主題無關(guān)。
Smking cigarettes is harmful t yur health. Experiments shw that cigarette smking can cause cancer. Besides the mst serius and terrible disease (illness), cancer, cigarette smking als can cause ther health prblems. Fr example, it can give ne a “smker’s cugh”. Finally, studies have shwn it is easy fr cigarette smkers t catch clds. Whether yu get an unimprtant cld r terrible killer, cancer, smking is harmful. Is it wrth it? ● What is the passage mainly abut ?A. Ways f experimenting n smking.B. Infrmatin abut smkingC. Smking resulting in cancer. D. Side effects f smking.
Bstn---- Thieves dressed as plice entered a museum early Sunday and stle 11 paintings, including majr wrks by Rembrandt, Dagas, Manet and Vermerr, FBI and the museum fficials said. The first judgment placed value f at least $100 millin n the wrks stlen frm the Isabella Gardener Museum, said Bstn plice spkes-man Jim Trdan … Bbinsn, f Hardvard Univercity‘’s Fggel Museum, called the bjects stlen “majr wrks”. Q:What is the best headline fr this newspaper article?A. A Theft Tk Place in Bstn B. Artwrks stlen by ThievesC. Majr Wrks D. Investigatin int the theft
Yu dream each night, even thugh yu may nt remember yur dreams. While yu dream yur eyes mve and yur heart beats faster. Even yur brain-wave pattern changes. Sme scientists think that dreaming is imprtant fr the sake f health. They claim that withut dream, peple wuld g crazy. Q: What des the passage mainly tells?A. Hw peple stay healthy B. Why sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are imprtant D. When peple remember their dreams

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