?2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期中三校聯(lián)考
高二英語(yǔ)
(滿分150分 考試用時(shí)120分鐘)
注意事項(xiàng)：
1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上;
2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;回答非選擇題時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)
第一節(jié)(共5題，每小題1分，滿分5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
1. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Give him an address. B. Read him a postcard. C. Write a letter to Bob.
2. How much does it cost to park the car here now?
A. Two pounds. B. Four pounds. C. Six pounds.
3. What is Sam doing now?
A Watching videos.
B. Checking Facebook.
C. Putting pictures on the Internet.
4. What impressed the woman about Curzon Palace?
A. Its old houses. B. Its gardens. C. Its paintings.
5. What does the woman mean?
A It took her long to work out the math problem.
B. She can’t work out the math problem either.
C. She worked out the math problem easily.
第二節(jié)(共15題，每小題1分，滿分15分)
聽(tīng)下面 5 段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的 A 、B 、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題5秒;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5 秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
6. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Doctor and patient. C. Classmates.
7. Why didn’t the man tell his parents about his backache?
A He didn’t think it serious.
B. He decided to see the doctor first.
C. He was in a hurry to go to school.
聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
8. Where did the man find the sword?
A. By the riverside. B. On a bridge. C. Near the museum.
9. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Keep the sword. B. Phone the museum. C. Invite the experts.
聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
10. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. Marketing skills. B. A personnel change. C. A goodbye party.
11. How do the speakers feel about Mr. Jordan’s quit?
A. Happy. B. Angry. C. Sad.
12. Who is the woman going to talk to next?
A. The personnel manager. B. The marketing manager. C. The company president.
聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
13. What made the man decide to enter the race?
A. The influence from famous people.
B. The attitude of his friends.
C. The motivation to win.
14. Who accompanied the man during the training?
A. His friends. B. His coach. C. His father.
15. What did the man do after his training?
A. Play football. B. Play computer games. C. Have a bath
16. What can we learn about the man?
A. He was determined and organized.
B. He made his goals unmanageable.
C. He couldn’t get up because of the cold.
聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
17. What is the purpose of the speaker’s summer job?
A. To make preparations for the major at university.
B. To get an idea of what they are learning.
C. To enrich their life during the summer.
18. What did the speaker think of working for free at first?
A. Shocking. B. Annoying. C. Disappointing.
19. Who offered the speaker the job?
A. His teacher. B. His dad C. His dad’s friend.
20. What does the speaker say about the work at the studio?
A. It’s highly paid.
B. It’s very hard to be completed.
C. It’s different from what is expected.
第二部分語(yǔ)法選擇(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
1. ______how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：聽(tīng)聽(tīng)別人對(duì)你所讀的書(shū)是如何評(píng)價(jià)的會(huì)給你帶來(lái)額外的樂(lè)趣。分析句子成分，you have just read是book的定語(yǔ)從句，而根據(jù)creates這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的單三形式可以斷定其是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，那么空白處應(yīng)是主句的主語(yǔ)，且表示一般的行為，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞的一般式。故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。此題主要分析好句子成分，判斷好主句的謂語(yǔ)，做題時(shí)要注意找出每個(gè)個(gè)動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)，這樣就不難判斷了。比如此題中的三個(gè)動(dòng)詞，react的主語(yǔ)是others，have read的主語(yǔ)是you，而只有creates沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)，那么空白處就應(yīng)是它的主語(yǔ)。
2. （2015·江蘇）Much time ________sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
A. being spent B. having spent
C. spent D. spending
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：辦公室工作人員坐在辦公桌前的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，通常都會(huì)受到健康問(wèn)題的困擾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和后面主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，應(yīng)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞主語(yǔ)和分詞動(dòng)作之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作已完成，故用過(guò)去分詞。故選C項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】考生要抓住非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)做題重要原則：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致，和句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing形式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，要在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

3. (2014·山東卷) It’s standard practice for a company like this one______ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed
C. to employ D. employs
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：像這樣的一家公司，雇傭安保人員是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)慣例。It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式to employ a security officer。故選C。

4. While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A. promote B. promoted
C. promoting D. to promote
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在等待著背提拔的機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)候，Herry全力以赴地盡好自己的責(zé)任。本題考查的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配“get+過(guò)去分詞”，如“get burnt”被燙傷，get paid獲得報(bào)酬；本句中的get promoted獲得提拔。故B正確。

5. The engine just won’t start. Something seems ______ wrong with it.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：引擎就是發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)，好像出了什么問(wèn)題。seem之后常接不定式，表示“似乎怎么樣了”，不接doing；出問(wèn)題是發(fā)生在seem之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。
6. Young people may risk deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果年輕人每天都暴露在非常吵鬧的音樂(lè)聲中，他們可能有耳朵失聰?shù)奈ｋU(xiǎn)。risk意為冒……的危險(xiǎn)，用法為risk doing something，冒險(xiǎn)干某事。故選C項(xiàng)。
7. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：中國(guó)最近加緊黃巖島的水域控制來(lái)阻止中國(guó)漁船在中國(guó)南海被襲擊。短語(yǔ)prevent sb from doing sth表示“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishing boats和attack是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用being done形式。故選C。
8. ______struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
A. That B. It C. What D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：在這部電影中，我印象最深的是父親對(duì)兒子的深愛(ài)。A. That那；B. It它；C. What什么；D. Which哪一個(gè)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，________ struck me most 是主語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，空處應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)從句，表示“什么”。故選C項(xiàng)。
9. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _____Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
A. what B. that
C. why D. how
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：讀了她的傳記，我對(duì)多麗絲·萊辛在文學(xué)上取得的成就贊嘆不已。分析句子可知，本句為賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞for后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】賓語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種，解答這類題目，關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。確定這是什么從句，再通過(guò)判斷從句中缺少的內(nèi)容決定引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義，來(lái)選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。通常如果名詞性從句缺少主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的時(shí)候用what連接。

10. You have to know _____________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what B. that
C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：如果你已經(jīng)計(jì)劃好去那里的最佳方案，你必須知道你將要去哪里。分析句子分析可知：You have to know…后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有連接代詞和連接副詞，連接代詞有：who, whom, whose, which, what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)，連接副詞有：when, where, why, how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的成分。由“You’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there”可知，應(yīng)該用連接副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。故選C

11. (2014·四川) Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, ＂That’s _____________ I was born.＂
A. when B. how
C. why D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：奶奶指著醫(yī)院說(shuō)，“那就是我出生的地方。系動(dòng)詞is后是表語(yǔ)從句，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為連接副詞，故判斷缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)題干中給出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”說(shuō)的是出生的地點(diǎn)，故選D。”

12. Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why
C. when D. how
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：準(zhǔn)確的說(shuō)，土豆是什么時(shí)候被傳到歐洲的還不確定，但是可能在1565年左右。此處when引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選C。
【點(diǎn)睛】從句分多種，主語(yǔ)從句在考試中也是很常見(jiàn)的，要注意主語(yǔ)是句子的一個(gè)重要成分，它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或句子充當(dāng)。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)句子就稱之為主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)所選空在句中所作的成分來(lái)判斷出是何種名詞性從句。從而來(lái)選出合適的連接詞。

13. （2014﹒北京）Some people believe ___________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A. whatever B. whenever
C. whereever D. however
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：有些人認(rèn)為以前或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情將來(lái)還會(huì)重復(fù)發(fā)生。believe后接賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，用whatever來(lái)充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。故選A。

14. From space, the earth looks blue.This is _______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how
C. because D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】試題分析：考查表語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)境中“地球表面約71%被水覆蓋”和“從太空上看，地球是藍(lán)色的”之間是因果關(guān)系，故用because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
【名師點(diǎn)睛】連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等。還有如because, as if, as though等。解答這類題目，關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。通過(guò)判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義，來(lái)選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。
15. Evidence has been found through years of study _______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. whether B. how
C. that D. why
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：通過(guò)多年的研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了孩子們?cè)缙诘乃邌?wèn)題可能隨著長(zhǎng)大會(huì)繼續(xù)的證據(jù)。通過(guò)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這個(gè)句子中包含一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明evidence的內(nèi)容，用that連接同位語(yǔ)從句，that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不作任何成分，且沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，選C。
第三部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Welcome to Princeton
Princeton University is a vibrant community of scholarship and learning that enrolls students of all backgrounds and interests.Established in 1746, Princeton is the fourth- oldest college in the United States and is an independent institution that provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the arts and humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering.As a renowned research university, Princeton seeks to achieve the highest levels in the discovery and spread of knowledge and understanding.Meanwhile, Princeton is distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching.
Campus Life
A vast range of culturaL educational, athletic and social activities are available to Princeton students.Getting involved in campus life is the quickest way to become a part of the University community, and to create one's own Princeton experience. Campus life activities are built around the concepts of encouraging each community member to display his or her talents and to learn to respect all members of our community.
Iibrary
Princeton University Library consists of the Firestone Library and nine buildings across campus.The library's collections include more than 8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other materials that require special handling.The
library's extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.Exhibitions from the library's rich collections are free and open to the public.
Aid Program
Our aid program is designed to encourage all qualified students—regardless of financial circumstances to consider applying for admission to Princeton.Any family, who feels they need help to pay for a Princeton education is welcome to apply for aid.
For more information, please visit： http: // www.princeton.edu.
16. What makes Princeton University outstanding among research universities?
A. Its longest history.
B. Its higher level in discovery.
C. Its undergraduate teaching.
D. Its wide range of institutions.
17. What can you enjoy as a Princeton University student?
A. Free undergraduate education.
B Free membership of sports clubs.
C. Access to rare books and databases.
D. The quickest way to show the talents.
18. The aid program of Princeton University is intended for____________.
A. qualified students to pay for Princeton
B. any student from low-income families
C. every student admitted into university
D. graduated students majoring in Finance
【答案】16. C 17. C 18. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇廣告應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了普林斯頓大學(xué)的一些基本情況：開(kāi)設(shè)課程，圖書(shū)館，援助項(xiàng)目等方面的特色以方便了解該校。
【16題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的 Princeton is distinctive among research universities in its commitment to undergraduate teaching普林斯頓大學(xué)因致力于本科生教學(xué)而在研究型大學(xué)中獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟?？芍狢選項(xiàng)的意思與之相符。故選C項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章 第三段Library部分中的第2句，第3句The library’s collections include more than8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other material that require special handling. The library’s extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.(該圖書(shū)館的館藏包括800多萬(wàn)冊(cè)圖書(shū)以及令人印象深刻的珍本書(shū)籍、印刷品和其他需要特殊處理的材料。圖書(shū)館廣泛的電子資源包括數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和期刊。圖像和數(shù)字地圖。) 可知作為普林斯頓大學(xué)的學(xué)生可以有機(jī)會(huì)了解到很多珍貴書(shū)籍。故選C項(xiàng)。由第四段Aid program 部分可知，研究生課程是需要付費(fèi)的。故A項(xiàng)Free undergraduate education 錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)Free membership of sports clubs 未提及。D項(xiàng)The quickest way to show the talents.與文章第二段表述不一致。故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
【18題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段: Our aid program is designed to encourage all qualified students - regardless of financial circumstances-to consider applying for admission to Princeton. Any family. who feels they may need help to pay for a Princeton education is welcome to apply for aid.可知.不論經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況如何凡需資助從而繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)的該校學(xué)生均可申請(qǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。故選A項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題屬于高層次的閱讀理解題，解答此類題目要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在理解語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行深層推理，透過(guò)字里行間去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”。細(xì)節(jié)推斷題屬于期中考查頻率較高的題型。
推理判斷題干擾選項(xiàng)的特征
(1)曲解文意：即推測(cè)意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別，推理判斷題中有些選項(xiàng)來(lái)自文章中的某一句或某幾句話，命題者可能會(huì)利用里面的字詞設(shè)計(jì)出干擾項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)文章的意思，其實(shí)是借題發(fā)揮，是對(duì)原文意思的曲解。
(2)張冠李戴：為了起到干擾的效果，高考命題人常用的一個(gè)手段就是張冠李戴，即通過(guò)使用原文中出現(xiàn)的詞匯甚至句式，把本來(lái)適用于一種情況的內(nèi)容移用到其他情況。
(3)顛倒是非：干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容常涉及原文中提及的一些內(nèi)容或現(xiàn)象，但選項(xiàng)的意思卻與原文恰恰相反。
(4)無(wú)中生有：這種類型的干擾項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)或普遍認(rèn)可的觀點(diǎn)，但在文章中并無(wú)相關(guān)的信息支撐點(diǎn)。另外，這種干擾項(xiàng)也有可能與設(shè)置的問(wèn)題毫不相干。
文章第2小題屬于推理判斷題型中的細(xì)節(jié)推斷：
2. What can you enjoy as a Princeton University student?
A. Free undergraduate education.
B. Free membership of sports clubs.
C. Access to rare books and databases.
D. The quickest way to show the talents.
分析：首先，根據(jù)題干可以確定此題為推理判斷題。根據(jù)每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞定位回到原文，再與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行一一比對(duì)：
A項(xiàng)為顛倒是非：由文章第四段Aid program 部分，研究生課程是需要付費(fèi)的，條件合格者可以申請(qǐng)?jiān)摹項(xiàng)Free undergraduate education與其表述相反。
B項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有：文章并未提及免費(fèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂(lè)部。
C項(xiàng)為合理判斷：根據(jù)文章 第三段Library部分中的第2句，第3句The library’s collections include more than8 million books and impressive rare books, prints and other material that require special handling. The library’s extensive electronic resources include databases and journals, images and digital maps.(該圖書(shū)館的館藏包括800多萬(wàn)冊(cè)圖書(shū)以及令人印象深刻的珍本書(shū)籍、印刷品和其他需要特殊處理的材料。圖書(shū)館廣泛的電子資源包括數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和期刊。圖像和數(shù)字地圖。) 可知作為普林斯頓大學(xué)的學(xué)生可以有就會(huì)了解到很多珍貴書(shū)籍。
D項(xiàng)為曲解文意：由文章第二段Campus life activities are built around the concepts of encouraging each community member to display his or her talents and to learn to respect all members of our community. 校園生活活動(dòng)的理念是鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)社區(qū)成員展示自己的才能，并學(xué)會(huì)尊重我們社區(qū)的所有成員?？芍故静拍苁切@活動(dòng)的理念目的，并非D項(xiàng)The quickest way to show the talents。
B
Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饑荒) on his continent.
News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.
Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.
Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.
Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.
After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began.
Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.
19. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes?
A. Poor soil. B. Water shortage.
C. Lack of resources. D. Unsustainability.
20. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Introduce a solution. B. Give examples to the readers.
C. Add some background information. D. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
21. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine?
A. By offering land. B. By trading seeds.
C. By educating farmers. D. By selling technology.
22. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo?
A. Critical and careful. B. Learned and responsible.
C. Optimistic and generous. D. Considerate and ambitious.
【答案】19. D 20. A 21. C 22. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了學(xué)識(shí)淵博且有責(zé)任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，設(shè)計(jì)“零浪費(fèi)”農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)，創(chuàng)立“松海”農(nóng)場(chǎng)，幫助那里的人們緩解饑荒問(wèn)題。
【19題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.(在那里，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)生態(tài)豐富多樣，能夠生產(chǎn)食物的大陸。他認(rèn)為干旱并不是大范圍饑餓的唯一原因，可持續(xù)性被人們忽略了)”可知，在Nzamujo看來(lái)，可持續(xù)性是被人們忽略了的造成饑荒的一個(gè)原因，換句話說(shuō)，人們沒(méi)有注意到農(nóng)業(yè)的不可持續(xù)性問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)。
【20題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Nzamujo began designing a ‘zero waste’ agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm ‘Songhai’ in the West African country of Benin.(Nzamujo開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)“零浪費(fèi)”農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)，這不僅將提高糧食安全，而且有助于環(huán)境和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。1985年，他在西非國(guó)家貝寧開(kāi)辦了他的可持續(xù)農(nóng)場(chǎng)“松?！?”可推知，第三段介紹Nzamujo的解決方案，“零浪費(fèi)”農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Songhai has several ‘eco-literacy’ development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.(松海有幾個(gè)“生態(tài)素養(yǎng)”發(fā)展項(xiàng)目。他們?yōu)檗r(nóng)民企業(yè)家提供為期18個(gè)月的培訓(xùn)課程，和在短期內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)除草等技術(shù)。人們從世界各地趕來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)Nzamujo的方法)”可知，Songhai項(xiàng)目通過(guò)培訓(xùn)農(nóng)民來(lái)幫助緩解饑荒問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa.(20世紀(jì)80年代早期，非洲各地發(fā)生干旱的消息令Nzamujo感到不安。帶著微生物學(xué)博士學(xué)位和他的信仰，他回到了非洲)”可知，獲得微生物學(xué)博士學(xué)位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饑荒時(shí)，帶著自己的知識(shí)和信仰回到非洲，去幫助那里的人們。由此推知，Nzamujo不但學(xué)識(shí)淵博而且有責(zé)任心。故選B項(xiàng)。
C
Several years ago, Jeremy Clarkson, presenter of the famous BBC television programme ‘Top Gear’, discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said, “That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’ ”.
This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy. Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions(斷言). We do not know every Irish person, so how can we then conclude that every Irish person is lazy?
I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being “generally rather casual” and “more outwardly friendly than many European countries”. German business people, on the other hand, are considered to be very direct and according to the website, they “do not need a personal relationship in order to do business”. Once you hear advice like this, it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.
So why do some people disapprove of the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarkson’s joke, but not batting an eyelid(眨眼) when it comes to generalizations. What is the difference between the two?
By definition, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. A cultural characteristic, on the other hand, is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.
So what does this really mean? Stereotypes are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people. Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn. This would be a stereotype! This is an overstated image of the Swiss which is based on one tourist’s experience.
If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings. In this way, some people argue that generalizing another culture is not just useful, but important. Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures. However, others argue that generalizing cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes. They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalizing cultures and start treating people as individuals.
All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?
23. When he said, “It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly…tomorrow’”, Jeremy Clarkson really meant ________.
A. the stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so good
B. the combination of half German and half Irish is interesting
C. the characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are opposite
D. the Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish won’t
24. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The Swiss can play the alphorn quite well.
B. The Irish people are considered as lazy, direct and casual.
C. The Germans are thought to be efficient, friendly and direct.
D. The Swiss tend to arrive on time on various occasions.
25. Politicians think it important to generalize another culture because ________.
A. they don’t want to offend other people
B. generalizing will lead to offensive stereotypes
C. cultural characteristics are better than stereotypes
D. they think different cultural characteristics are useful
26. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. illustrate the importance of making generalizations
B. show it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different people
C. tell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics
D. discuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people
【答案】23. C 24. D 25. A 26. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。由于文化、習(xí)俗習(xí)慣的不同，不同的民族總是有其獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)，文章討論了是否需要對(duì)民族特性作概括。
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“That’s quite a strange combination. It’s like, ‘this must be done absolutely perfectly… tomorrow’(那是一個(gè)相當(dāng)奇怪的組合?！@就像，這必須做得絕對(duì)完美……明天’)”和第二段“This joke played on stereotypes of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy.(這個(gè)笑話是針對(duì)德國(guó)人效率高、愛(ài)爾蘭人懶惰的刻板印象)”可知，人們認(rèn)為德國(guó)人效率高、愛(ài)爾蘭人懶惰，是很奇怪的組合，可得出作者說(shuō)這句話是為了表明人們對(duì)德國(guó)人和愛(ài)爾蘭人的印象是相反的。故選C。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings.(然而，如果這位游客說(shuō)瑞士人非常守時(shí)，這可以被視為一種文化特征。這是因?yàn)檫@是一種在瑞士非常典型的行為模式:從他們的交通系統(tǒng)到他們的商務(wù)會(huì)議)”可知，守時(shí)是瑞士人的典型文化特征，所以瑞士人往往在各種場(chǎng)合都準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。故選D。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence in those cultures.(政治家總是要注意不同國(guó)家的文化特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)了解不同的文化特征，他們可以避免冒犯那些文化)”可知，通過(guò)對(duì)不同的民族特征做了解和掌握，就不會(huì)冒犯別人了。故選A。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段“All this raises important questions: can making generalizations about groups of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?(所有這些都提出了重要的問(wèn)題：對(duì)人群進(jìn)行概括是否是一件積極的事情？還是我們應(yīng)該總是避免對(duì)不同的群體做出廣泛的假設(shè)？)”可知，文章主要討論了是否需要對(duì)民族特性作概括，即討論對(duì)人群進(jìn)行概括是否有益。故選D。
D
To show empathy is to identify with another’s feelings. It is to emotionally put yourself in the place of another. The ability to empathize is directly dependent on your ability to feel your own feelings and identify them.
If you have never felt a certain feeling, it will be hard for you to understand how another person is feeling. If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power. Reading about a feeling and intellectually knowing about it is very different than actually experiencing it for yourself.
Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings — the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, — is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate” to other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own.
Once you have felt discriminated against, for example, it is much easier to relate with someone else who has been discriminated against. Our innate emotional intelligence gives us the ability to quickly recall those instances and form associations when we encounter discrimination again. We then can use the “reliving” of those emotions to guide our thinking and actions. This is one of the ways nature slowly evolves towards a higher level of survival.
For this process to work, the first step is that we must be able to experience our own emotions. This means we must be open to them and not distract ourselves from them or try to numb ourselves from our feelings through drugs, alcohol, etc.
Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling — to acknowledge, identify, and accept our feelings. Only then can we empathize with others. That is one reason why it is important to work on your own emotional awareness and sensitivity — in other words, to be “in touch with” your feelings.
27. How does the author explain the feelings of empathy?
A. By giving examples. B. By having classification.
C. By making comparison. D. By providing data.
28. Which statement may the author agree with?
A. Low level of empathy leads to fewer varieties of feelings.
B. The deeper one’s feelings are, the more empathetic one is.
C. Empathy is a way we recently picked up for better survival.
D. Rich experiences may not go with a high level of empathy.
29. What’s the purpose of the last two paragraphs of the text?
A. To advise a sincere attitude to one’s experiences.
B. To suggest a right understanding of empathy.
C. To require a real bond with one’s emotions.
D. To call for true acceptance of one’s feelings.
30. What is the best title for the text?
A. How Empathy Unfolds B. Be Open to Your Emotions
C. Why Is Empathy Important D. Accept Your True Self
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了什么是同理心，以及如何對(duì)別人具有同理心。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第二段“If you have never put your hand in a flame, you will not know the pain of fire. If you have not experienced jealousy, you will not understand its power. (如果你從來(lái)沒(méi)有把你的手放在火焰中，你就不會(huì)知道被火燒的疼痛。如果你沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)嫉妒，你就不會(huì)理解它會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么影響)”可推知，作者通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明解釋什么是同理心。故選A項(xiàng)。
【28題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章第三段“Among those with an equal level of emotional intelligence, the person who has actually experienced the widest range and variety of feelings — the great depths of depression and the heights of fulfillment, for example, — is the one who is most able to empathize. On the other hand, when we say that someone “can’t relate” to other people, it is likely because they haven’t experienced, acknowledged or accepted many feelings of their own. (在那些情商水平相同的人中，真正經(jīng)歷過(guò)最廣泛、最豐富的情感的人——比如說(shuō)，經(jīng)歷過(guò)極度抑郁和高度滿足感的人——是最能感同身受的人。另一方面，當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人與他人“無(wú)法聯(lián)系”時(shí)，很可能是因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有經(jīng)歷、承認(rèn)或接受自己的許多感受)”可知，影響同理心的因素有兩個(gè)——豐富的情感和相似的經(jīng)歷，由此推知，作者認(rèn)為豐富的經(jīng)歷可能并不一定意味著有高度的同理心。故選D項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過(guò)文章最后一段“Next, we need to become aware of what we are actually feeling — to acknowledge, identify, and accept our feelings. (接下來(lái)，我們需要意識(shí)到我們實(shí)際的感受——承認(rèn)、認(rèn)同和接受我們的感受)”可推知，文章最后兩段呼吁大家真正接受自己的感受，才能做到對(duì)他人產(chǎn)生共情。故選C項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章最后一段“Only then can we empathize with others. (只有這樣，我們才能同情他人)”可推知，本文主要介紹了如何對(duì)他人具有同理心。A項(xiàng)“同理心如何展現(xiàn)”符合文意，最適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)七選五(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Throughout my life, there is one teacher who really impresses me. ____31____ .
My time in 8th grade felt like forever because you just want to be in high school already. Math you just wanted to sleep, science you wanted to cry, social studies you would wish for it to be over, but English class would just make up for the whole day. Mrs. Thomas would actually make me want to stay awake in her class. It was like she actually understood us and knew how to keep our full attention. Every day I couldn’t wait to go to her class. ____32____ You could talk to her like she was your friend and not your boss.
____33____ Like in the beginning of the year she made us take pictures of ourselves and write goals of what you wanted for the school year. Every day, when you would come into class, you would look at your goals and see if you achieve any; it was pretty smart. I remember she also made us write a letter to ourselves in the beginning of the year. We opened them at the end of the year to see how much we changed. It was like she was trying to push us to be able to complete those goals, so that later on in life we can use that ability again. ____34____ If you wanted an A, you had to work for that A.
Mrs. Thomas not only got us ready for high school but also really prepared me for life in the future. ____35____
A. The following is a class she taught us.
B. She made me realize how interesting learning can be.
C. She often made us struggle for what we dreamed of in life.
D. I remember how much fun it was to do activity in her class.
E. She would wake me up when I sometimes slept in her class.
F. She would make jokes that would relate to the lesson and please us.
G. I’m just waiting for the next teacher who can affect my life and me as a person.
【答案】31. B 32. F 33. D 34. C 35. G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位讓作者印象深刻的老師。
【31題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Throughout my life, there is one teacher who really impresses me.(在我的一生中，有一位老師讓我印象深刻。)”可知，空處解釋這位老師如何令作者印象深刻。B項(xiàng)：She made me realize how interesting learning can be.(她讓我意識(shí)到學(xué)習(xí)是多么有趣。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。
【32題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Every day I couldn’t wait to go to her class.(每天我都迫不及待地想去上她的課。)”可知，空處解釋說(shuō)明喜歡上老師課的原因，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“the lesson ”和上文的“her class”對(duì)應(yīng)。F項(xiàng)：She would make jokes that would relate to the lesson and please us.(她會(huì)講一些與課程有關(guān)的笑話，讓我們高興。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。
【33題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“Like in the beginning of the year she made us take pictures of ourselves and write goals of what you wanted for the school year. Every day, when you would come into class, you would look at your goals and see if you achieve any; it was pretty smart.( 像在年初，她讓我們拍自己的照片，為本學(xué)年寫你想要的目標(biāo)。每天，當(dāng)你來(lái)上課的時(shí)候，你會(huì)看看你的目標(biāo)，看看你是否實(shí)現(xiàn)了；這很聰明。)”可知，本段主要講述的是這位老師在課堂上進(jìn)行的一些活動(dòng)。D項(xiàng)：I remember how much fun it was to do activity in her class.(我還記得在她的課上做活動(dòng)是多么有趣。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。
【34題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“It was like she was trying to push us to be able to complete those goals, so that later on in life we can use that ability again. (就好像她在努力推動(dòng)我們?nèi)ネ瓿赡切┠繕?biāo)，這樣我們?cè)谝院蟮纳钪芯涂梢栽俅问褂眠@種能力。)”和下文“If you wanted an A, you had to work for that A.( 如果你想要一個(gè)A，你必須為它努力。)”可知，這位老師讓作者他們?yōu)榱藟?mèng)想而奮斗。C項(xiàng)中的“made us struggle ”和上文的“push us ”對(duì)應(yīng)。C項(xiàng)：She often made us struggle for what we dreamed of in life.(她經(jīng)常讓我們?yōu)樯钪械膲?mèng)想而奮斗。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。
【35題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Mrs. Thomas not only got us ready for high school but also really prepared me for life in the future.( 托馬斯夫人不僅讓我們?yōu)楦咧猩钭龊昧藴?zhǔn)備，也為我未來(lái)的生活做好了準(zhǔn)備。)”可知，空處表示作者期待未來(lái)也能遇到這樣的好老師。G項(xiàng)：I’m just waiting for the next teacher who can affect my life and me as a person.(我只是在等待下一個(gè)可以影響我的生活和我作為一個(gè)人的老師)符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。
第四部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)
第一節(jié)完形填空(共15題;每小題1分，滿分15分。)
閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
In life, do you choose to take the road everyone has taken, or do you choose the path that is best for you? It might be ____36____ to choose what everyone has done, especially if it seemed to work for them. But is that what truly ____37____ for you?
On a recent hiking ____38____, my partner and I decided to take a popular trail in the ____39____ direction. This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A. Going backwards made more sense with my ____40____. The trip would take several days and going backwards ____41____ that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home.
As my partner and I walked, everyone crossing our path had something to say, “You're going the wrong way. Are you lost? Are you returning ____42____ you forgot something? Are you crazy? The path occasionally crossed a ____43____. When it did, even passing cars beeped to ____44____ us in the “right” direction.
Why did people only see one way? Because that's what everyone does? Because that's how it's always been done? We even ____45____ to talk to a Danish woman who said, “We have a(n) ____46____ in my country: when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something.” I couldn't believe it. We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best ____47____ us. Had we gone the “wrong” way? No. At least, not for us.
I decided to ____48____ the path I chose. ____49____, we had an amazing experience. Choosing the “wrong” path was right for me. When your inner ____50____ tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it. It's your instinct. It's speaking to you for a reason and it knows, better than anyone, what's best for you.
36. A. anxious B. normal C. awkward D. impressive
37. A. designs B. plans C. works D. prepares
38. A. race B. test C. project D. trip
39. A. opposite B. wrong C. common D. accessible
40. A. emotion B. target C. schedule D. request
41. A. supposed B. ensured C. provided D. permitted
42. A. if B. because C. while D. yet
43. A. plain B. valley C. trail D. highway
44. A. point B. inspire C. protect D. support
45. A. expected B. stopped C. agreed D. hesitated
46. A. saying B. point C. myth D. spell
47. A. instructed B. confused C. offered D. suited
48. A. show off B. think over C. pick out D. stick to
49. A. Probably B. Hopefully C. Eventually D. Knowingly
50. A. desire B. feeling C. voice D. reaction
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. C 41. B 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. C
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者和伙伴在最近的一次徒步旅行中，選擇了相反的方向。每個(gè)人都說(shuō)他們走錯(cuò)了，但是最終，他們有了一次奇妙的經(jīng)歷。作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)你內(nèi)心的聲音告訴你什么是對(duì)的或錯(cuò)的，聽(tīng)從它。這是你的本能。它和你說(shuō)話是有原因的，它比任何人都清楚，什么對(duì)你最好。
【36題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：選擇每個(gè)人都做過(guò)的事情可能是正常的，特別是如果它看起來(lái)對(duì)他們有用的話。A. anxious焦慮的；B. normal正常的；C. awkward尷尬的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根據(jù)后文“to choose what everyone has done”可知，選擇每個(gè)人都做過(guò)的事情可能是正常的。故選B。
【37題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但這真的適合你嗎？A. designs設(shè)計(jì)；B. plans計(jì)劃；C. works工作，起作用；D. prepares準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)上文“it seemed to work for them”可知此處指選擇每個(gè)人都做過(guò)的事情是否對(duì)自己起作用。故選C。
【38題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的一次徒步旅行中，我和我的伙伴決定選擇一條相反方向的流行路線。A. race比賽；B. test測(cè)試；C. project項(xiàng)目；D. trip旅行。呼應(yīng)后文“The trip would take several days”指徒步旅行。故選D。
【39題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的一次徒步旅行中，我和我的伙伴決定選擇一條相反方向的流行路線。A. opposite相反的；B. wrong錯(cuò)誤的；C. common普通的；D. accessible可到達(dá)的。根據(jù)后文“This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A.”可知，作者他們選擇了相反反向的路線。故選A。
【40題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：倒回去對(duì)我的日程安排更有意義。A. emotion情感；B. target目標(biāo)；C. schedule計(jì)劃；D. request要求。根據(jù)后文“I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒著走會(huì)在離機(jī)場(chǎng)更近的地方結(jié)束旅行，所以是對(duì)日程安排有意義。故選C。
【41題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這趟旅行要花上幾天的時(shí)間，倒著走可以確保我在離機(jī)場(chǎng)更近的地方結(jié)束旅程，以便搭飛機(jī)回家。A. supposed認(rèn)為；B. ensured確保；C. provided提供；D. permitted允許。根據(jù)后文“that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒著走可以確保作者在離機(jī)場(chǎng)更近的地方結(jié)束旅程，以便搭飛機(jī)回家。故選B。
【42題詳解】
考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：你回來(lái)是因?yàn)橥耸裁磫幔緼. if如果；B. because因?yàn)?；C. while然而；D. yet但是。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“因?yàn)椤睉?yīng)用because。故選B。
【43題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這條小路偶爾與公路相交。A. plain平原；B. valley山谷；C. trail足跡；D. highway公路。根據(jù)后文“even passing cars”可知，這條小路偶爾與公路相交。故選D。
【44題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)它出現(xiàn)時(shí)，就連過(guò)往的車輛也會(huì)鳴叫，給我們指出“正確”的方向。A. point指向；B. inspire鼓舞；C. protect保護(hù)；D. support支持。根據(jù)后文“us in the “right” direction”可知，汽車?guó)Q笛是為了指出正確的方向。故選A。
【45題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們甚至停下來(lái)和一位丹麥婦女交談，她說(shuō)：“我們國(guó)家有一個(gè)說(shuō)法：當(dāng)你回到其他所有人身邊時(shí)，那是因?yàn)槟阍谔颖苁裁??！盇. expected期待；B. stopped停止；C. agreed同意；D. hesitated猶豫。根據(jù)后文“to talk to a Danish woman”可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)在徒步旅行中，所以是停下來(lái)和一位丹麥婦女交談。故選B。
【46題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們甚至停下來(lái)和一位丹麥婦女交談，她說(shuō)：“我們國(guó)家有一個(gè)說(shuō)法：當(dāng)你回到其他所有人身邊時(shí)，那是因?yàn)槟阍谔颖苁裁??！盇. saying格言；B. point要點(diǎn)；C. myth神話；D. spell咒語(yǔ)。根據(jù)后文“when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something”可知，此處指丹麥婦女國(guó)家的一句格言。故選A。
47題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們只是享受與大自然的聯(lián)系，以最適合我們的方式徒步旅行。A. instructed指示；B. confused使迷惑；C. offered提供；D. suited適合。根據(jù)上文“We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best”可知，作者認(rèn)為徒步旅行是最適合他們的旅行方式。故選D。
【48題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我決定堅(jiān)持我選擇的道路。A. show off炫耀；B. think over仔細(xì)考慮；C. pick out指出；D. stick to堅(jiān)持。根據(jù)后文“the path I chose”可知，作者選擇堅(jiān)持選擇的道路。故選D。
【49題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，我們有了一次奇妙的經(jīng)歷。A. Probably可能；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Eventually終于；D. Knowingly故意地。根據(jù)后文“we had an amazing experience”可知，此處作者在總結(jié)這次徒步旅行，他們最終有了一次奇妙的經(jīng)歷。故選C。
【50題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你內(nèi)心的聲音告訴你什么是對(duì)的或錯(cuò)的，聽(tīng)從它。A. desire渴望；B. feeling感覺(jué)；C. voice聲音；D. reaction反應(yīng)。根據(jù)后文“tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it”可知，此處指人內(nèi)心的聲音，應(yīng)用voice。故選C。
第Ⅱ卷
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The world’s oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history last year, supercharging (加劇) extreme weather events, scientists have reported. They found that the five hottest recorded years in the oceans ___51___(occur) since 2015, and that the rate of heating since 1986 was eight times higher than ___52___ from 1960-85. Oceans cover 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air, ___53___ is why 93% of global heating is taken up by seas.
Hotter oceans destroy rainfall patterns, which ___54___(lead) to floods, droughts and wildfires. Heat also causes seawater ___55___ (expand) and drives up sea levels. Scientists expect about one metre of sea level rise by the end of the century, ___56___(threaten) 150 million people. Higher temperatures in the seas are also harming marine (海洋的) life, with ___57___ number of ocean heatwaves increasing ___58___(sharp).
The study also finds that the sinking of surface waters and upwelling of deeper water is reducing as the seas heat up. This means the surface layers heats up even further and fewer nutrients for marine life are brought up from the ___59___(deep).
“The oceans reached yet another new record level of warmth in 2020,____60____ a record drop in global carbon emissions (排放). The planet will continue to warm up as long as we emit carbon into the atmosphere,” said Prof Michael Mann of Penn State University.
【答案】51. had occurred
52. that 53. which
54. leads 55. to expand
56. threatening
57. the 58. sharply
59. depths 60. despite
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了全球海平面上升的現(xiàn)狀和其所帶來(lái)的危害。
【51題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，海洋有記錄以來(lái)最熱的5年發(fā)生在2015年之后，1986年以來(lái)的升溫速度1960-1985年的8倍。句子表述的事情發(fā)生在2015年之后的5年，即在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填had occurred。
【52題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，海洋有記錄以來(lái)最熱的5年發(fā)生在2015年之后，1986年以來(lái)的升溫速度1960-1985年的8倍。本處是并列成分（主語(yǔ)之間）的比較，than后用that代替主語(yǔ)the rate of heating。故填that。
【53題詳解】
考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：海洋覆蓋了地球的71%，水吸收的熱量是空氣的數(shù)千倍，這就是為什么全球93%的熱量都來(lái)自海洋。本處是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，空處是引導(dǎo)詞，指代前面整個(gè)句子，用which。故填which。
【54題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：更熱的海洋破壞了降雨模式，會(huì)導(dǎo)致洪水、干旱和野火。本句是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子，故謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；從句表述客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填leads。
【55題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：高溫還會(huì)導(dǎo)致海水膨脹，使海平面上升。cause sb. to do是固定用法，譯為“導(dǎo)致……做某事”。故填to expand。
【56題詳解】
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：科學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)，到本世紀(jì)末，海平面將上升約1米，威脅到1.5億人。本句已有謂語(yǔ)，空處用非謂語(yǔ)；sea level rise與threaten之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填threatening。
【57題詳解】
考查固定搭配。句意：更高的海洋溫度也在傷害海洋生物，海洋熱浪的數(shù)量急劇增加。本處表示“……的數(shù)量”，用固定搭配the number of。故填the。
【58題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：更高的海洋溫度也在傷害海洋生物，海洋熱浪的數(shù)量急劇增加?？仗幦备痹~作狀語(yǔ)，修飾形容詞increasing。故填sharply。
【59題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：這意味著表層溫度進(jìn)一步升高，海洋生物從深處獲得的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)更少?？仗幪蠲~作介詞 from的賓語(yǔ)；根據(jù)英文提示，空處填表示“深處”的詞，用depth的復(fù)數(shù)形式depths。故填depths。
【60題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：2020年，盡管全球碳排放出現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的下降，但海洋溫度又達(dá)到了創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的水平?？仗幈硎尽氨M管”，后接名詞性短語(yǔ)，可用despite。故填despite。
第五部分寫作(共三節(jié)，滿分35分)
第一節(jié)單詞拼寫(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)
用選擇性必修一Unit 4、Unit 5及選擇性必修二Unit 1、Unit 2 單詞表上詞匯的正確形式填空，使句子意思完整。
61. There is little doubt that the committee will give whole-hearted a__________ to the project, so you can make preparations for it now.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】approval##pproval
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，委員會(huì)會(huì)全心全意地批準(zhǔn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，所以你現(xiàn)在就可以做好準(zhǔn)備了。設(shè)空處為賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞形式，根據(jù)首字母和句意可知是approval。意為“贊成，批準(zhǔn)”，故填approval。
62. Your time could be usefully e__________ in attending to professional matters rather than handling such trivial affairs. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】employed##mployed
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：你的時(shí)間可以有效地用來(lái)處理專業(yè)事務(wù)，而不是處理這些瑣碎的事情。短語(yǔ)be employed in，意為“從事于，用于”，符合句意和語(yǔ)境，故填employed。
63. Scientists say there is no c__________ evidence that power lines have anything to do with cancer. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】convincing##onvincing
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：科學(xué)家說(shuō)，沒(méi)有令人信服的證據(jù)表明電線與癌癥有任何關(guān)系。分析句子可知空處缺形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞evidence；修飾物要用以-ing為結(jié)尾的形容詞；根據(jù)英文提示的，故填convincing。
64. Faced with COVID-19, we have no a__________ but to take care of ourselves to prevent it. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】alternative##lternative
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：面對(duì)新冠肺炎疫情，我們除了好好照顧自己來(lái)預(yù)防它之外別無(wú)選擇。結(jié)合句意及首字母提示可知，alternative可供選擇的事物，可數(shù)名詞，此處用單數(shù)形式。故填alternative。
65. While this brand will be s__________ more expensive, it lasts a lot longer. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
【答案】slightly##lightly
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：雖然這個(gè)牌子稍微更貴一點(diǎn)，但它的使用時(shí)間要長(zhǎng)得多。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，此處使用副詞slightly，修飾形容詞比較級(jí)more expensive，作狀語(yǔ)。故填slightly
66. The museum collection portrays the heritage of 200 years of canals __________ (生動(dòng)地), which is well worth a visit. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】vividly
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：博物館的藏品生動(dòng)地展現(xiàn)了200年的運(yùn)河遺產(chǎn)，非常值得一看。設(shè)空處修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞portrays，應(yīng)用副詞形式，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和句意，故填vividly。
67. I can still __________ (記起) your saying to me that you were going to be a mechanic after graduation and now here you are. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】recall
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我仍然能記起你對(duì)我說(shuō)過(guò)你畢業(yè)后要當(dāng)機(jī)械師，現(xiàn)在你實(shí)現(xiàn)了夢(mèng)想。分析句子可知空處填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；表示“記起”可用recall；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形；故填recall。
68. People tend to forget the truth that one experience doesn’t __________ (使有資格) a person to speak as an authority. (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】qualify
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：人們往往會(huì)忘記一個(gè)事實(shí)，即一段經(jīng)歷不能作為權(quán)威說(shuō)話。設(shè)空處接在助動(dòng)詞doesn’t 后，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示和句意，故填qualify。
69. __________ to crimes and accidents caused parents to deprive children of free play, which is now proved to make children more resilient. (揭露) (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】Exposure
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：揭露犯罪和事故致使父母剝奪了兒童玩耍的自由，現(xiàn)在證明這能使孩子更有韌性?？仗帒?yīng)填名詞作主語(yǔ)，結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)提示可知，exposure暴露，揭發(fā)，不可數(shù)名詞，首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Exposure。
70. It shocked everyone present that the event developed in a _________ different way. (戲劇般地) (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示單詞拼寫)
【答案】dramatically
【解析】
【詳解】考查副詞。句意：讓在場(chǎng)的人都震驚的是，這個(gè)事件以一種戲劇般地不同的方式發(fā)展。設(shè)空處修飾形容詞different作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填dramatically。
第二節(jié)完成句子(共10空;每空1分，滿分10分)
用選擇性必修一Unit4、Unit5及選擇性必修二Units 1—2單詞表上詞組的正確形式填空，使句子意思完整。
71. 在這期間，她得到了所有人的信任，結(jié)果被委任為員工的負(fù)責(zé)人。
During that time, she gained everyone’s confidence so that she was put________________the staff.
【答案】in charge of
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)?！柏?fù)責(zé)”使用固定短語(yǔ)in charge of，故填in charge of。

72. 最重要的是，社會(huì)需要鼓勵(lì)公民們自主合作的精神。
And________________, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary cooperation in its citizens.
【答案】above all
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。“最重要的是”使用固定短語(yǔ)above all，故填above all。
73. 一個(gè)人在新的環(huán)境下舒服自在時(shí)，他的潛力更可能展示出來(lái)。
When________________in new surroundings, one is more likely to show potentials.
【答案】feeling at ease
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。表示“感到舒服自在”可用固定短語(yǔ)feel at ease；在本處的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，還原后為；when one is feeling at ease。故填feeling at ease。
74. 相比之下，由于疫情，全世界的教育經(jīng)費(fèi)降低了。
________________, expenditure on education has decreased worldwide due to the pandemic.
【答案】By comparison/contrast
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處意為相比之下，可用短語(yǔ)by comparison或者by contrast，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填By comparison/contrast。
75. 他對(duì)自己將余生獻(xiàn)給科學(xué)研究事業(yè)感到自豪。
He felt proud of the rest of his life________________scientific investigation.
【答案】devoted to
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。表示“把……獻(xiàn)于……”可用固定短語(yǔ)devote to；本處表述事情已發(fā)生，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；故填devoted to。
76. 博物館展出的展覽包括50幅油畫(huà)和水彩畫(huà)。
The exhibition displayed at the museum________________50 oils and watercolors.
【答案】was comprised of
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處意為包括，可用短語(yǔ)be comprised of，描述過(guò)去的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是The exhibition，謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was comprised of。
77. 增加生產(chǎn)反過(guò)來(lái)會(huì)增加利潤(rùn)。
Increased production will,________________, lead to increased profits.
【答案】in turn
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處意為反過(guò)來(lái)，用短語(yǔ)in turn，故填in turn。
78. 據(jù)說(shuō)最近她因工作壓力身體垮掉了。
It is said that her health ________________ under the pressure of work.
【答案】has broken down
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)?！吧眢w垮掉”使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)break down，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句主語(yǔ)health是不可數(shù)名詞，助動(dòng)詞用has，故填has broken down。
79. 換句話說(shuō)，通過(guò)努力，任何障礙都可以被克服。
________________, with great efforts any obstacle can be overcome.
【答案】In other words
【解析】
【詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，可知設(shè)空處意為換句話說(shuō)，應(yīng)用短語(yǔ)in other words，位于句首，首字母大寫，故填I(lǐng)n other words。
80. 講座最好的部分是在場(chǎng)的觀眾積極地參與了演講者設(shè)計(jì)的任何一個(gè)活動(dòng)。
The best part of the lecture was that the audience present actively ________________ any activity designed by the speaker.
【答案】got involved in
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)?！皡⑴c”使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)get involved in，由主句中的was可知，此處是描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填got involved in。
第三節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿分15分)
81. 假如你叫李華，寒假期間要去英國(guó)Embassy English Language School (EELS) 進(jìn)行短期學(xué)習(xí)。以下是英方學(xué)校寄給你的課程安排選擇表，請(qǐng)你仔細(xì)閱讀課程表，按要求給校方回一封信。
Schedule for EELS Winter English Courses
English courses
Total hours of study
Total hours of part-time job
Date
Three-week course
60
24
February 1- February 21
Two-week course
30
No job but tour instead
February 1- February 24
寫作要點(diǎn):
1.在以上兩種課程中任選一種并說(shuō)出理由；
2.你現(xiàn)今的英語(yǔ)水平及哪些具體的語(yǔ)言技巧需要得到提高；
3.其它的個(gè)人要求。
寫作要求：
1.80-100詞；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
Dear Sir/Madam,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
Thank you for giving me the schedule for winter English courses in your school. I’m writing to tell you my choice and my personal needs.
I prefer the two-week course because it will give me more time to do some travelling and allow me to make new friends as well.
Of all the subjects I’m learning at school, I like English best, which I have been learning for at least 6 years. I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, but my spoken English remains poor. Therefore, I am eager to take this opportunity to improve it. If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days so that I can practice my spoken English more as well as know more about some British customs.
I firmly believe that I will have a wonderful time this winter with your help. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生閱讀英方學(xué)校寄來(lái)的課程安排選擇表，按要求給校方回一封信。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
也：as well→too
因此：therefore→as a consequence
機(jī)會(huì)：opportunity→chance
幫助：help→assistance
2.句式拓展
同義句轉(zhuǎn)化
原句：I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, but my spoken English remains poor.
拓展句：Though I don’t have much difficulty reading and listening, my spoken English remains poor.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Of all the subjects I’m learning at school, I like English best, which I have been learning for at least 6 years.（運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）
【高分句型2】If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days so that I can practice my spoken English more as well as know more about some British customs.（運(yùn)用了so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句）
聽(tīng)力答案:1-5. ABCBC 6-10. CAABB 11-15. CABCB 16-20. AABCC




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