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第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
CES is prduced by the Cnsumer Technlgy Assciatin knwn as the place where many cmpanies launch their latest technlgy fferings. Here is a lk at sme f the tp prducts presented at CES 2022.
All-in-ne cmmunicatin
Technlgy cmpany Anker annunced the launch f an “all-in-ne” device designed t imprve cmmunicatins fr emplyees wrking frm hme. The Anker Wrk B600 sits n tp f the cmputer display like a traditinal webcam. But it cmbines several elements f cmmunicatin int ne device that includes a camera, speaker, micrphne and a light.
AirSelfie camera
Electrnics maker AirSelfie launched its latest self-flying camera designed t take “selfie” pictures. The new device, called Air Pix, is a small, light camera that flies thrugh the air and captures high-quality phtgraphs and vide. Air Pix can fly, frame and take pictures all by itself befre landing back n the user’s hand.
Labradr’s assistive rbt
Rbt maker Labradr annunced its Retriever rbt designed t hld things and, as its name suggests, als retrieve(恢復(fù)) things. The rbt can be cntrlled by vice cmmands r frm an app n a phne. It can als be prgrammed based n an exact map f a users hme.The Retriever is designed “ t serve as an extra pair f hands and lighten the lad f everyday tasks in the hme ”.
Self-driving tractr
American-based farm equipment manufacturer Jhn Deere presented a fully self-driving tractr equipped with six different cameras and a series f sensrs t guide the tractr thrugh the fields. Farmers can cntrl the vehicle and see the tractr’s prgress in real-time thrugh a mbile device which is t help farmers d mre wrk with less equipment and peple.
The cmpany nted that such machines can help imprve farming methds as the wrld’s ppulatin grws and fd demand is expected t rise 50 percent by 2050.
1. Which peratr’s prduct will telewrking staff be mst interested in?
A. AnkerB. AirselfieC. LabradrD. Jhn Deere
2. What kind f prduct can effectively help the elderly with mbility difficulties?
A. The“all-in-ne”device .B. Self-flying camera.
C. Retriever rbtD. The fully self-driving tractr.
3. What impact will self-driving tractrs have n agriculture in the future?
A. Imprving prducts quality
B. Prmting agricultural refrm.
C. Increasing agricultural investment.
D. Reducing the envirnmental pllutin.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了CES協(xié)會2022年消費者電子展上展示的一些頂級產(chǎn)品。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個產(chǎn)品All-in-ne cmmunicatin中的“Technlgy cmpany Anker annunced the launch f an “all-in-ne” device designed t imprve cmmunicatins fr emplyees wrking frm hme.(科技公司Anker宣布推出一款“一體機”設(shè)備,旨在改善在家工作的員工的之間的溝通。)”可知,遠程辦公的員工最感興趣的是科技公司Anker的產(chǎn)品。故選A。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個產(chǎn)品Labradr’s assistive rbt中的“Rbt maker Labradr annunced its Retriever rbt designed t hld things and, as its name suggests, als retrieve(恢復(fù)) things. The rbt can be cntrlled by vice cmmands r frm an app n a phne.(機器人制造商拉布拉多宣布了它的“尋回者”機器人,顧名思義,它可以拿東西,也可以撿東西。機器人可以通過語音命令或手機上的應(yīng)用程序進行控制。)”可知,“尋回者”機器人能有效幫助行動不便的老人。故選C。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The cmpany nted that such machines can help imprve farming methds as the wrld’s ppulatin grws and fd demand is expected t rise 50 percent by 2050.(該公司指出,隨著世界人口的增長,預(yù)計到2050年糧食需求將增長50%,這種機器可以幫助改善農(nóng)業(yè)方法。)”可知,未來無人駕駛拖拉機會推進農(nóng)業(yè)改革。故選B。
B
Brn in Ptsdam (in the Kingdm f Prussia) in 1821, Helmhltz was ne f the 19th century’s mst knwledgeable scientists, whse name turns up in the histries f multiple scientific fields and specialties. As a yungster, he had an interest in physics, but that seemed a financially unwise career chice. He went t medical schl and studied physilgy instead, because he was drawn t thers wh prmted the pint that physilgy shuld be based n the principles f chemistry and physics, nt the vital frces that had been ppularly emphasized previusly.
After earning his medical degree, Helmhltz served as an army surgen befre becming prfessr f physilgy at the University f Knigsberg. During that time, he cmpsed a grundbreaking paper n the cnservatin f energy, which made him a gd reputatin in science cmmunity. His main argument is that all science can be reduced t mechanics. It is emphasized that Newtnian mechanics and Lagrangian mechanics are mathematically equivalent, s a frce can be measured by the Laplace methd in terms f the energy transferred by the frce r the wrk dne by the frce. All f this energy is cnserved. While at Knigsberg, he studied the nervus system, ptics (光學(xué)) and acustics (聲學(xué)),especially with regard t the physilgy f the senses. Then he mved n t the University f bnn as prfessr f anatmy (解剖學(xué)) and physilgy.
After sme time at the University f Heidelberg, where he became interested in philsphy, in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University f Berlin. At last he culd fcus n physics, emphasizing the imprtance f the principle f least actin fr explaining physical phenmena. He als explred the branches f Maxwell’s new thery. By this time, he was recgnized as ne f Germany’s premier scientists, until his death in 1894.
4. Why did Helmhltz chse t study physilgy?
A. He made the chice fr ecnmic difficulty.
B He wuld like t make himself have mre skills.
C. He preferred physilgy t chemistry and physics.
D. He was attracted by a different viewpint.
5. What made Helmhltz ppular amng scientists?
A. His degree in medical science.
B. His talent in chemistry and physics.
C. His paper n the cnservatin f energy.
D. His achievements as an army surgen.
6. What can be inferred abut Helmhltz frm the last paragraph?
A. He was a famus philspher.
B. He prved Maxwell’s new thery.
C. He was a physics prfessr at Knigsberg.
D. He devted his rest life t physical research.
7. Which wrds can best describe Helmhltz?
A. All-rund and determined.
B. Energetic and cautius.
C. Knwledgeable and brave.
D. Humrus and curageus.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Helmhltz作為一名多才多藝的科學(xué)家的生平事跡。
【4題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“He went t medical schl and studied physilgy instead, because he was drawn t thers wh prmted the pint that physilgy shuld be based n the principles f chemistry and physics, nt the vital frces that had been ppularly emphasized previusly.(他上了醫(yī)學(xué)院,轉(zhuǎn)而學(xué)習(xí)生理學(xué),因為他被其他人所吸引,這些人認為生理學(xué)應(yīng)該基于化學(xué)和物理原理,而不是之前普遍強調(diào)的生命力量)”可知,Helmhltz選擇生理學(xué)專業(yè)的原因是他被不同于以前的觀點所吸引。故選D。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“During that time, he cmpsed a grundbreaking paper n the cnservatin f energy, which made him a gd reputatin in science cmmunity.(在此期間,他寫了一篇關(guān)于能量守恒的開創(chuàng)性論文,使他在科學(xué)界享有盛譽)”可知,Helmhltz關(guān)于能量守恒的論文使他在科學(xué)界很受歡迎。故選C。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“After sme time at the University f Heidelberg, where he became interested in philsphy, in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University f Berlin. At last he culd fcus n physics, emphasizing the imprtance f the principle f least actin fr explaining physical phenmena.(在海德堡大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了一段時間后,他對哲學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣,1871年,他被授予柏林大學(xué)物理學(xué)教授。最后,他可以專注于物理學(xué),強調(diào)最小作用原理對于解釋物理現(xiàn)象的重要性)”可推知,Helmhltz把他的余生獻給了物理研究。故選D。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“After earning his medical degree, Helmhltz served as an army surgen befre becming prfessr f physilgy at the University f Knigsberg.(獲得醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位后,亥姆霍茲擔任軍醫(yī),后來成為哥尼斯堡大學(xué)生理學(xué)教授)”和最后一段的“After sme time at the University f Heidelberg, where he became interested in philsphy, in 1871 he was awarded the physics chair at the University f Berlin.(在海德堡大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了一段時間后,他開始對哲學(xué)感興趣,1871年,他被授予柏林大學(xué)物理學(xué)教授)”可知,Helmhltz是全能的,即all-rund;根據(jù)第一段的“he was drawn t thers wh prmted the pint that physilgy shuld be based n the principles f chemistry and physics(他被那些主張生理學(xué)應(yīng)該建立在化學(xué)和物理原理基礎(chǔ)上的人所吸引)”,第二段的“he cmpsed a grundbreaking paper n the cnservatin f energy(他寫了一篇關(guān)于能量守恒的開創(chuàng)性論文)”和最后一段的“At last he culd fcus n physics, emphasizing the imprtance f the principle f least actin fr explaining physical phenmena.(最后,他可以專注于物理學(xué),強調(diào)最小作用原理對解釋物理現(xiàn)象的重要性)”可知,Helmhltz從對物理學(xué)感興趣到余生一直研究物理學(xué),可推出他是有決心的,即determined。故選A。
C
Cntrary t ppular pinin, the scientific pursuit fr knwledge is nt a predictable and well-defined prcess. T make new discveries, researchers need the freedm t be creative fail, and learn by chance. There is the rmantic idea f the scientist wh has an Eureka mment (頓悟時刻) and suddenly arrives at new insights. Anther impressin is that research nly invlves frmal steps. Neither f thse ideas is crrect.
“Science and art are tw different ways t make smething cmprehensible r imaginable”, says Bichemistry Prfessr Dlf Weijers. “ Frm the utside, the research prcess lks very frmal and the artistic prcess lks smewhat messy. But the scientific prcess can als unfld in an unpredictable way. Creative and assciative thinking is very imprtant fr scientists t gain insight and make cnnectins.”
There is an intersectin between science and art. This is why Wageningen scientists lk t artists fr inspiratin and exchange ideas abut hw t amplify creative freedm. Weijers and his clleague Jris Sprakel, tgether with ther scientists and artists, have designed a plan t learn frm each ther and t exchange ideas. One example is the recent and special prject in which they measured the frces that act n plant cells. A mlecular (分子) sensr was used t visualise the different frces. They revealed the results in clurful images, each representing a different frce.
What science and art als have in cmmn is that they are tpics f discussin in sciety. There are peple wh say that they d nt value art and peple wh mistrust science. “It ften creates the wrng impressin because nly the results f scientific studies are presented, and peple d nt have any insight int the artistic prcess leading t discvery. As a scientist yu are criticised if yu say that smething is different a few years later. Then yu are viewed as unreliable. But what is ften prly understd is that there are n final results in science, ” says Weijers.
8. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The purpse f science research.B. The views n science research.
C. The attitude t science research.D. The hardship f science research.
9. What can we knw frm Weijers’s view?
A. The research prcess and the artistic prcess are ttally different.
B. The scientific prcess always unflds in an unpredictable way.
C. Scientists shuld have creative and assciative thinking.
D The artistic prcess is t messy t be used in research.
10. What des the underlined wrd “amplify” mean in the third paragraph?
A. Detect.B. Abandn.C. Imply.D. Increase.
11. Why des the authr mentin Weijers’s research n plant cells?
A. T display the beauty f clurful images.
B. T stress the imprtance f thinking freely.
C. T present the findings f his recent prject.
D. T shw the cnnectin between science and art.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了藝術(shù)在科學(xué)研究中的作用,藝術(shù)與科學(xué)之間是有交叉的。
【8題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Cntrary t ppular pinin, the scientific pursuit fr knwledge is nt a predictable and well-defined prcess. T make new discveries, researchers need the freedm t be creative fail, and learn by chance. There is the rmantic idea f the scientist wh has an Eureka mment (頓悟時刻) and suddenly arrives at new insights. Anther impressin is that research nly invlves frmal steps. Neither f thse ideas is crrect.(與流行的觀點相反,對知識的科學(xué)追求不是一個可預(yù)測和明確定義的過程。為了有新的發(fā)現(xiàn),研究人員需要創(chuàng)造性的自由,失敗和學(xué)習(xí)的機會。有一個浪漫的想法,科學(xué)家有一個頓悟時刻,突然得到新的見解。另一個印象是,研究只涉及正式步驟。這些想法都不正確。)”可知,第一段主要討論對科學(xué)研究的觀念問題。故選B。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Science and art are tw different ways t make smething cmprehensible r imaginable(科學(xué)和藝術(shù)是使事物變得可理解或可想象的兩種不同方式)”和“But the scientific prcess can als unfld in an unpredictable way. Creative and assciative thinking is very imprtant fr scientists t gain insight and make cnnectins.(但科學(xué)過程也可能以一種不可預(yù)測的方式展開。創(chuàng)造性和聯(lián)想思維對科學(xué)家獲得洞察力和建立聯(lián)系非常重要。)”可知,我們能從Weijers的觀點中了解到科學(xué)家應(yīng)該有創(chuàng)造性和聯(lián)想思維。故選C。
【10題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Creative and assciative thinking is very imprtant fr scientists t gain insight and make cnnectins.(創(chuàng)造性和聯(lián)想思維對科學(xué)家獲得洞察力和建立聯(lián)系非常重要。)”和第三段的“There is an intersectin between science and art.)(科學(xué)和藝術(shù)之間有交集。)”和“l(fā)k t artists fr inspiratin and exchange ideas(從藝術(shù)家那里尋找靈感并交流想法)”可知,劃線詞所在句子表示“科學(xué)和藝術(shù)之間有交集。這就是為什么瓦赫寧根的科學(xué)家們從藝術(shù)家那里尋找靈感,并就如何擴大創(chuàng)作自由交換意見”,因此劃線詞amplify的意思是“擴大,增加”,和increase意思相近,故選D。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。第三段第一句“There is an intersectin between science and art.(科學(xué)和藝術(shù)之間有交集。)”和最后一句“They revealed the results in clurful images, each representing a different frce.(他們用彩色圖像展示了實驗結(jié)果,每張圖像代表一種不同的力。)”可知,通過Weijers的研究事例說明藝術(shù)與科學(xué)之間的交叉融合,表明藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的聯(lián)系,強調(diào)藝術(shù)靈感在科學(xué)研究中的價值。故選D。
D
The Fd and Drug Administratin (FDA) has t recall hundreds f fds every year. Like ckie snack packs with pieces f blue plastic hiding inside, dressing and sauce cntaining salmnella (沙門氏菌) r varius jams cntaining with lead (鉛).
It can take a few mnths befre a recall is issued. But nw researchers have cme up with a methd that might fast-track that prcess, leading t early detectin and, ultimately, faster recalls. The AI system relies n the fact that peple increasingly buy fds and spices nline. And peple tend t write reviews f prducts they buy nline, which are like bread crumbs (包屑) t fd-safety fficials sniffing (嗅) ut dangerus prducts.
The researchers linked FDA fd recalls frm 2012 t 2014 t amazn reviews f thse same prducts. They then trained machine-learning algrithms (算法) t distinguish between reviews fr recalled items and reviews fr items that had nt been flagged. And the trained algrithms were able t predict FDA recalls three quarters f the time. They als identified anther 20, 000 reviews fr pssibly unsafe fds, mst f which had never been recalled. The results are published in Jurnal f the American Medical In frmatics Assciatin.
The Wrld Health Organizatin estimates that 600 millin peple wrldwide get sick annually frm plluted fd, and mre than 400,000 peple die frm it. “Shaving tls that enable us t detect this a lt faster and hpefully investigate and d recalls faster will be useful nt just in the U. S. but in ther cuntries arund the wrld as well.” Study authr Elaine Nsesie f Bstn University. She did add ne warning even recalled prducts can still get five-star reviews. S stars alne dn’t tell the whle sickening stry. The prf unfrtunately, may still be in the pudding.
12. What will help Fda recall unsafe fds faster than befre?
A. Effrts f fd-safety fficials
B. Lts f nline reviews f prducts
C. New measures f fd-safety fficials.
D. Online reviews f the plluted fds
13. Hw des the authr intrduce the prcess f the research?
A. By describing facts.B. By giving examples
C. By analyzing data.D. By making cmparisns.
14. What’s elaine’s attitude twards five-star reviews?
A. TlerantB. SkepticalC. Ambiguus.D. apprval
15. Which may be the mst suitable title fr the text?
A AI Sniffs ut Unsafe Fds
B. FDA Detects Unsafe fds
C. AI Helps FDA Judge Reviews
D. FDA Develps System f Judging Reviews
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究者開發(fā)了一種新的AI系統(tǒng),通過網(wǎng)上對產(chǎn)品的評論快速地篩選出不安全食品。
【12題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“And peple tend t write reviews f prducts they buy nline, which are like bread crumbs (包屑) t fd-safety fficials sniffing (嗅) ut dangerus prducts.(人們傾向于對他們在網(wǎng)上購買的產(chǎn)品進行評論,這對食品安全官員來說就像面包屑一樣,可以嗅出危險的產(chǎn)品)”和第三段第一句“The researchers linked FDA fd recalls frm 2012 t 2014 t amazn reviews f thse same prducts.(研究人員將2012年至2014年的FDA食品召回與亞馬遜對這些相同產(chǎn)品的評論聯(lián)系起來)”可知,大量的網(wǎng)上關(guān)于產(chǎn)品的評論有助于FDA比以前更快地召回不安全食品。故選B項。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The researchers linked FDA fd recalls frm 2012 t 2014 t amazn reviews f thse same prducts. They then trained machine-learning algrithms (算法) t distinguish between reviews fr recalled items and reviews fr items that had nt been flagged.(研究人員將2012年至2014年FDA食品召回與亞馬遜對這些產(chǎn)品的評論聯(lián)系起來。然后,他們訓(xùn)練機器學(xué)習(xí)算法,以區(qū)分召回項目的評論和未標記項目的評論)”和“They als identified anther 20, 000 reviews fr pssibly unsafe fds, mst f which had never been recalled.(他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外2萬份可能不安全食品的評論,其中大部分從未被召回)”可知,作者是通過描述事實來介紹研究過程的。故選A項。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“She did add ne warning even recalled prducts can still get five-star reviews. S stars alne dn’t tell the whle sickening stry. The prf unfrtunately, may still be in the pudding.(她確實添加了一個警告,即使召回的產(chǎn)品仍然可以獲得五星評論。因此,僅靠明星并不能說明整個令人作嘔的故事。 不幸的是,證據(jù)可能還在布丁里)”可知,Elaine對五星評論持有懷疑的態(tài)度。故選B項。
【15題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It can take a few mnths befre a recall is issued. But nw researchers have cme up with a methd that might fast-track that prcess, leading t early detectin and, ultimately, faster recalls. The AI system relies n the fact that peple increasingly buy fds and spices nline.(召回可能需要幾個月的時間。但現(xiàn)在研究人員已經(jīng)提出了一種方法,可以快速跟蹤這一過程,從而早期發(fā)現(xiàn)并最終更快地召回。人工智能系統(tǒng)依賴于人們越來越多地在網(wǎng)上購買食品和香料的事實)”可知,此處講述的是研究者的新發(fā)現(xiàn),研究報告類的文章主題與研究的新發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān),而A項中的“AI Sniffs ut Unsafe Fds(人工智能嗅出不安全的食品)”與研究發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān),符合題意。故選A項。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Dancing is natural and almst any child can dance. Hwever, why d s many peple find it hard t dance when they reach their teens r adulthd? ____16____
Mst peple have heard the wrds Dance like nbdy is watching. “ ____17____ When we’re learning smething new, we hate having an audience watching ur silly mistakes. Actually everyne else is t busy wrrying abut their wn mistakes. Chances are that yu’re nt the nly ne struggling with the steps!
We all have patterns f muscle memry. Yur bdy likes ding repetitive mvements that it desn t have t think abut. ____18____ Yur brain may understand, but it can take a while t direct yur limbs t interpret these new and unfamiliar mvements. Be patient with yurself and understand it’s the way yur bdy wrks.
____19____If yu’ve never danced befre, the cmplex rhythms and fast ftwrk f flamenc wuld be a big challenge as the first dance style. If yu’re inflexible, I wuldn’t recmmend starting cld with ballet, either. Instead, d sme yga first t get yur bdy used t the new demands ballet will place n it
A lack f rhythm is the biggest bstacle t learning t dance. Hwever, it can be vercme with enugh practice. ____20____ Then learn t dance when yu begin t feel the beat.Dance can be a very rewarding and enjyable hbby. Just be patient with yurself and learn t dance
A. It’s human nature t dislike lking flish
B. Yu’ll be able t d them almst withut thinking.
C. If yu have n rhythm, try t master dance steps first.
D. Learning a musical instrument is a gd way t learn rhythm.
E Dance requires yu t mve yur arms and legs in unusual ways.
F. The ther pssibility is that yu picked a style f dance that desn’t suit yu.
G. There are many things that can hld peple back when they try t learn dancing.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. E 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。跳舞可以是一種非常有益和愉快的愛好。然而,為什么很多人在十幾歲或成年后發(fā)現(xiàn)跳舞很難呢?本文對此做出了相應(yīng)的解釋,并對如何學(xué)會跳舞做了介紹。
【16題詳解】
空前一句提出問題“Hwever, why d s many peple find it hard t dance when they reach their teens r adulthd?(然而,為什么這么多人在十幾歲或成年后發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跳舞?)”可知,此空處做出回答,G項“There are many things that can hld peple back when they try t learn dancing.(這里有許多事情會阻礙人們在嘗試學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈時退縮。)”對空前的問題做出回答,符合題意。故選G項。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)空后一句“When we’re learning smething new, we hate having an audience watching ur silly mistakes.(當我們學(xué)習(xí)新東西時,我們討厭讓觀眾看到我們愚蠢的錯誤。)”可知,不喜歡看上去愚蠢是人類的天性,因此人們都會討厭有觀眾觀看自己犯愚蠢的錯誤,該內(nèi)容與A項“It’s human nature t dislike lking flish(不喜歡看起來愚蠢是人類的天性)”內(nèi)容吻合。故選A項。
【18題詳解】
空后一句“Yur brain may understand, but it can take a while t direct yur limbs t interpret these new and unfamiliar mvements.(你的大腦也許能理解,但引導(dǎo)你的肢體來解釋這些新的和不熟悉的動作可能需要一段時間。)”中的內(nèi)容,指代的恰好是E項中“…t mve yur arms and legs in unusual ways(……以不尋常的方式移動你的胳膊和腿)”。故選E項。
【19題詳解】
空后面的“If yu’ve never danced befre, the cmplex rhythms and fast ftwrk f flamenc wuld be a big challenge as the first dance style.”與F項“The ther pssibility is that yu picked a style f dance that desn’t suit yu.”內(nèi)容相吻合。故選F項。
【20題詳解】
分析段落結(jié)構(gòu)以及空后句子“Then learn t dance when yu begin t feel the beat.(然后當你開始感覺到節(jié)拍時學(xué)習(xí)跳舞。)”中的then可知,此空處選擇的內(nèi)容與Then相呼應(yīng),而C項“If yu have n rhythm, try t master dance steps first.(如果你沒有節(jié)奏,試著先掌握舞步。)”中的first與then正好相呼應(yīng)。故選C項。
第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
The Cambridge University Library in Britain received a gift in early March, 2022. Smene ____21____ a pink gift bag near the building with a nte: “Happy Easter, x,” it read. Inside the bag was the gift: tw small ntebks frm the famus British naturalist Charles Darwin, wh is____22____ with the thery f evlutin. One f the ____23____ has a famus drawing in it called the “Tree f Life”. Darwin made the drawing in 1837.
The university talked abut the ____24____n Tuesday. Cambridge believes the ntebks were ____25____ 20 years ag. They were first thught t be ____26____ inside the building after they were taken t be phtgraphed. But, after searching thrugh 10 millin bks, maps and dcuments, the university reprted the ntebks ____27____ t plice in 2020.
British investigatrs ntified plice arund the wrld, and a ____28____began. The ntebks are valued at millins f dllars. They were ____29____hwever, in gd cnditin.
Darwin’s ntebks cntained writings abut his famus trip arund the wrld n the ship H.M. S. Beagle. The research ____30____ his bk n evlutin called On the Origin f species.
Cambridge University Librarian Jessica Gardner said she was ____31____ t see the ntebks. But she said her true ____32____ are prfund and almst impssible t enugh express.
Gardner said the ntebks will g back int the Darwin Archive. The library is als ____33____t the wrks by scientists Stephen Hawking and Isaac Newtn.
The ntebks will be n display later this year in a Darwin shw at the library.
Lcal plice said they are cntinuing t ____34____ wh may have taken the ntebks and asked fr help frm anyne wh has ____35____ abut the case.
21. A. presentedB. leftC. prvidedD. abandned
22. A. satisfiedB. interestedC. creditedD. devted
23. A. giftsB. bagsC. wrksD. ntebks
24. A. incidentB. amusementC. librarianD. cnflict
25. A. cveredB. takenC. cpiedD. phtgraphed
26. A. destryedB. survivingC. buriedD. missing
27. A. hiddenB. remvedC. stlenD. purchased
28. A. searchB. researchC. trialD. restratin
29. A. changedB. claimedC. returnedD. ffered
30. A. belnged tB. led tC. appealed tD. accunted t
31. A. relievedB. embarrassedC. anxiusD. cncerned
32. A. reflectinsB. answersC. feelingsD. ideas
33. A. equalB. hmeC. reducedD. limited
34. A. lk intB. respnd tC. happen tD. prepare fr
35. A. cntentsB. newsC. imagesD. infrmatin
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道,主要講的是達爾文的筆記失而復(fù)得。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:有人在大樓附近留下了一個粉紅色的禮物袋,上面寫著:“復(fù)活節(jié)快樂,x?!盇. presented頒發(fā),贈送;B. left留下;C. prvided提供;D. abandned放棄。根據(jù)上文“a pink gift bag near the building”可知,有人在大樓附近留下了一個粉紅色的禮物袋。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:包里是禮物:英國著名博物學(xué)家查爾斯·達爾文的兩本小筆記本,達爾文被認為是進化論的創(chuàng)始人。A. satisfied滿意的;B. interested感興趣的;C. credited認為……有;D. devted摯愛的,忠誠的。根據(jù)下文“the thery f evlutin”及常識可知,達爾文被認為是進化論的創(chuàng)始人,be credited with意為“被認為有”。故選C。
【23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:其中一本筆記本上有一幅著名的畫,叫做“生命之樹”。A. gifts禮物;B. bags包;C. wrks作品;D. ntebks筆記本。根據(jù)上文“tw small ntebks”可知,此處表示“其中一本筆記本上有一幅著名的畫,叫做“生命之樹””。故選D。
【24題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:該大學(xué)周二談到了這一事件。A. incident事件;B. amusement開心,娛樂;C. librarian圖書館館長,圖書館管理員;D. cnflict矛盾。根據(jù)上文“The Cambridge University Library in Britain received a gift in early March, 2022”可知,此處表示“該大學(xué)周二談到了這一事件”。故選A。
【25題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:劍橋大學(xué)認為這些筆記本是20年前被盜的。A. cvered覆蓋;B. taken拿走;C. cpied復(fù)制;D. phtgraphed拍照。根據(jù)最后一段的“wh may have taken the ntebks”可知,此處表示“劍橋大學(xué)認為這些筆記本是20年前被盜的”,空格處意為“拿走”。故選B。
【26題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:在他們被拍照后,人們第一次以為他們在大樓里失蹤了。A. destryed破壞;B. surviving幸存;C. buried埋葬;D. missing發(fā)覺丟失。根據(jù)上文“the ntebks were__5__20 years ag”可知,此處表示“在他們被拍照后,人們第一次以為他們在大樓里失蹤了”。故選D。
【27題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:但是,在搜索了1000萬本書、地圖和文件后,該大學(xué)于2020年向警方報告了筆記本被盜。A. hidden躲藏;B. remved搬開;C. stlen偷;D. purchased購買。根據(jù)上文“Cambridge believes the ntebks were ___5__20 years ag. They were first thught t be___6___ inside the building”可知,該大學(xué)于2020年向警方報告了筆記本被盜。故選C。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:英國調(diào)查人員通知了世界各地的警方,搜索開始了。A. search搜索,搜尋;B. research研究;C. trial試驗;D. restratin修復(fù)。根據(jù)上文“British investigatrs ntified plice arund the wrld”可知,警察開始尋找筆記本。故選A。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:然而,它們完好無損地回來了。A. changed改變;B. claimed索賠;C. returned回來;D. ffered提供。根據(jù)第一段的“Inside the bag was the gift: tw small ntebks frm the famus British naturalist Charles Darwin”可知,筆記本完好無損地回來了。故選C。
【30題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意:這項研究促成了他關(guān)于進化的著作《物種起源》。A. belnged t屬于;B. led t導(dǎo)致,促成;C. appealed t吸引;D. accunted t對……作出解釋。根據(jù)下文“his bk n evlutin called On the Origin f species”可知,這項研究促成了他關(guān)于進化的著作《物種起源》。故選B。
【31題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:劍橋大學(xué)圖書管理員杰西卡·加德納說,看到這些筆記本她松了一口氣。A. relieved松了一口氣的;B. embarrassed尷尬的;C. anxius焦慮的;D. cncerned擔憂的。根據(jù)下文“see the ntebks”可知,筆記本回來了,那劍橋大學(xué)圖書管理員杰西卡·加德納肯定覺得松了一口氣。故選A。
【32題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:但她說,她的真實感覺是深刻的,幾乎無法充分表達。A. reflectins影像,倒影;B. answers回答;C. feelings感覺;D. ideas主意。根據(jù)下文“prfund and almst impssible t enugh express”可知,此處表示她覺得她的感覺是深刻的,幾乎無法充分表達。故選C。
【33題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:圖書館還收藏了科學(xué)家斯蒂芬·霍金和艾薩克·牛頓的著作。A. equal相等的;B. hme適于存放……的地方;C. reduced減少的;D. limited有限的。根據(jù)下文“t the wrks by scientists Stephen Hawking and Isaac Newtn”可知,圖書館還收藏了科學(xué)家斯蒂芬·霍金和艾薩克·牛頓的著作,be hme t意為“為……的所在地”。故選B。
【34題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意:當?shù)鼐奖硎?,他們正在繼續(xù)調(diào)查是誰拿走了筆記本,并向任何了解此案信息的人尋求幫助。A. lk int調(diào)查;B. respnd t回答;C. happen t碰巧;D. prepare fr為……做準備。根據(jù)下文“wh may have taken the ntebks”可知,警方表示他們正在繼續(xù)調(diào)查是誰拿走了筆記本。故選A。
【35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當?shù)鼐奖硎?,他們正在繼續(xù)調(diào)查是誰拿走了筆記本,并向任何了解此案信息的人尋求幫助。A. cntents內(nèi)容;B. news新聞;C. images圖像;D. infrmatin信息。根據(jù)上文“asked fr help frm anyne”可知,警方是向任何了解此案信息的人尋求幫助。故選D。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1. 5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Tianwen 1 China’s histric Mars missin, has ____36____ (successful) accmplished all its planned scientific tasks, accrding t the China Natinal Space Administratin. The administratin said n Wednesday the Tianwen 1 missin rbiter had btained medium-definitin images f the entire planet, ____37____ (mark) the cmpletin f its scientific gals. The craft ____38____ (circle) Mars 1, 344 times s far and will cntinue t carry ut extended remte-sensing peratins and ____39____ (technlgy) tests.
Named after an ancient Chinese pem, Tianwen 1 ____40____ (launch) n July 23, 2020. The craft travelled abut 475 millin kilmetres and carried ut several trajectry maneuvers (變軌) befre entering Martian rbit in February last year.
Meanwhile, the Zhurng Mars rver (漫游者), ____41____has been in drmant (休眠的) mde since mid-May, is expected ____42____ (restart) explratins in December, when the weather is mre favrable.
The rver, named after the gd f fire in ancient Chinese legend, tuched dwn ____43____ the planet n May 15, 2021 and began t travel acrss the Martian surface a week later. Befre it entered drmant mde, the rbt travelled nearly 2, 000 metres and btained much data and many images n the rad t its destinatin the vast Martian plain where it landed.
By nw, the 13 scientific____44____ (instrument) n the rbiter and the rver have transmitted nearly 1,040 gigabytes (十億字節(jié)) f raw data back t Earth. The data has been delivered t Chinese scientists and has helped deepen knwledge f _____45_____ Red Planet.
【答案】36. successfully
37. marking
38. has circled
39. technlgical
40. was launched
41. which 42. t restart
43. n 44. instruments
45. the
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國的天問一號成功完成既定探索火星的任務(wù)。
【36題詳解】
考查副詞。句意:中國國家航天局表示,中國歷史性的火星任務(wù)“天問一號”已成功完成所有計劃的科學(xué)任務(wù)。設(shè)空處應(yīng)為副詞修飾動詞accmplished 。故填successfully。
【37題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意:國家航天局周三表示,“天問一號”任務(wù)軌道飛行器已經(jīng)獲得了整個行星的中清晰度圖像,標志著其科學(xué)目標的完成。本句謂語動詞為had btained,因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)為非謂語,表示結(jié)果,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填marking。
【38題詳解】
考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:到目前為止,該探測器已經(jīng)繞火星飛行了1344圈,并將繼續(xù)進行遠距離遙感操作和技術(shù)測試。設(shè)空處為謂語,根據(jù)時間狀語s far,可知用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語The craft是單數(shù),助動詞用has。故填has circled。
【39題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意同上。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞tests。故填technlgical。
【40題詳解】
考查主謂一致、時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:“天問一號”以一首中國古詩命名,于2020年7月23日發(fā)射。分析可知,主語Tianwen 1為單數(shù),且與launch 之間為動賓關(guān)系,July23, 2020為過去時間,應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),故用was launched 。
【41題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意:與此同時,自5月中旬以來一直處于休眠狀態(tài)的“祝融號”火星探測器預(yù)計將在12月天氣更加有利的時候重新開始探索。 設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為the Zhurng Mars rver,關(guān)系代詞在從句做主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故用which。
【42題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意同上。短語be expected t d,意為“被期待做某事”,故填t restart。
【43題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:祝融號以中國古代傳說中的火神命名,于2021年5月15日登陸火星,一周后開始在火星表面行駛。分析可知,降落在這個行星上,用介詞n。故填n。
【44題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:目前為止,軌道飛行器和火星車上的13臺科學(xué)儀器已經(jīng)向地球傳輸了近1040gb的原始數(shù)據(jù)。設(shè)空處為名詞做主語,前面有13修飾,應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故用instruments。
【45題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意:這些數(shù)據(jù)已被發(fā)送給中國科學(xué)家,幫助加深了對這顆紅色星球的了解這里。結(jié)合上下文,此處應(yīng)用定冠詞the修飾名詞短語,the Red Planet 特指火星。故用the。
第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
46. 假定你是李華,暑期剛剛結(jié)束了外教Mr.Kidd的網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程學(xué)習(xí)。請你給他寫一封課程反饋的郵件,內(nèi)容如下:
1.表示感激;
2.你的評價;
3.你的建議。
注意:
1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Mr. Kidd,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】One pssible versin
Dear Mr. Kidd,
I’m writing t extend my sincere gratitude fr all the effrts yu’ve made in preparing and presenting the nline curse.
Yur curse is highly infrmative and beneficial. It prvides easy access t seeing life frm a new perspective, thus bradening ur minds t the utside wrld. Yur humrus teaching style invlves us in a relaxing and pleasant atmsphere, which nt nly stimulates my interest but als builds my cnfidence.
If yu can have a mre flexible time schedule and prvide a vide playback, I believe we can benefit mre. Lking frward t yur next curse.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給外教Mr.Kidd寫一封關(guān)于課程學(xué)習(xí)反饋的郵件。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
誠摯的:sincere →genuine
感激:gratitude → appreciatin
提供: prvide →ffer
期望:lk frward t → expect
2.句式拓展
原句:It prvides easy access t seeing life frm a new perspective, thus bradening ur minds t the utside wrld.
拓展句:It prvides easy access t seeing life frm a new perspective, which bradens ur minds t the utside wrld.
【點睛】[高分句型1] Yur humrus teaching style invlves us in a relaxing and pleasant atmsphere, which nt nly stimulates my interest but als builds my cnfidence.(運用了which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句)
[高分句型2] If yu can have a mre flexible time schedule and prvide a vide playback, I believe we can benefit mre.(運用了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和that(已?。┮龑?dǎo)的賓語從句)
第二節(jié)
47. 閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
My three children played peacefully in the back yard. This alne shuld have put me n alert , but the setting was s pleasant that I hung ur clthes t dry in the sft breeze and enjyed the unseasnably warm September afternn. Our hme was nestled in a frest f the Nrthern Califrnia fthills, facing a shining lake, with just a few neighbrs
It was a gd place t raise ur children: fur-year-ld Andre, tw-and-a-half-year-ld Yvnne, and furteen-mnth-ld Philippe. Frm the clthesline I had a clear view f the kids Philippe was s cute, wearing nly a diaper as he was glued t a flwer lking at a butterfly. He was always the curius ne
Our dg Jessie was always present, a cnstant participant in all the family activities. She lay fast asleep, warming herself in the sun. She was really gentle and kind, and her nly annying trait was her tendency t leave the huse when I wasn’t lking. But this day, she was t prve her wrth
Having hung a whle basket f clthes, I ventured a int the huse t grab a pile f wet sheets frm the washing machine. As I wasn’t in the habit f leaving my children unattended, I returned quickly t my clthesline duty. Just then, I nticed that Jessie had mved away frm where she was lying. I exclaimed angrily, That dg! She’s ff again, and we dn’t need any mre puppies! Lking arund fr her but failing t find her, I cntinued my laundry respnsibilities, tk a quick survey f the kids and saw, t my hrrr, that Philippe was missing. T my knwledge, n car and n passers-by had passed the usual paths clse t ur hme. I began t yell his name, trying t stay calm.
注意:
1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
I raced up and dwn the street, but n philippe!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tears streaming dwn my face, I ran tward Philippe and Jessie
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin
I raced up and dwn the street, but n Philippe! Having searched the whle street, I went back hme t check n the ther tw kids and call the plice. As I lifted the receiver t my ear, I glanced ut the windw verlking the lake. There, my little by was staggering t catch the butterfly, s clse t the lake that it seemed as if he wuld fall int it the next secnd. Mercifully, Jessie sprang up at his side, pushing him away frm danger with her nse, gently and carefully.
Tears streaming dwn my face, I ran tward Philippe and Jessie. Hands trembling, I picked up Philippe and inspected his little bdy fr any wunds and injuries, while Jessie jumped happily arund us, head up and tail wagging. Overflwing with gratitude, I hugged her tightly and kissed her frehead repeatedly. The whle suffering spanned maybe fifteen minutes, but it felt like an eternity fr me. Thanks t ur dear Jessie, I had Philippe back safely. Jessie was a valued family member, and we really needed her.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開,講述了天氣很好,作者的三個孩子在院子里玩耍,他們的狗也在院子里睡覺,作者冒險進屋去取濕床單,回來卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她的孩子菲利普和狗狗杰西都不見了,于是她匆忙的去尋找。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫:
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我在街上跑來跑去,可是找不到菲利普!”可知,第一段可描寫作者找孩子的過程,最終發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子和狗狗。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我淚流滿面,跑向菲利普和杰西?!笨芍?,第二段可描寫作者最后找到了孩子,并且知道是她的狗狗杰西幫忙看護孩子,沒讓孩子受傷,所以作者非常感激杰西。
2.續(xù)寫線索:搜索街道——報警——看到湖邊的孩子——杰西保護孩子——檢查孩子——感謝杰西——感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①.查找:search/seek/lk fr
②. 瞥見,看:glance/catch sight f/see
③. 擁抱:hug/hld in ne's arms/embrace
情緒類
①.感謝:with gratitude /shwing ne’s appreciatin/shw ne’s gratitude/be grateful
②.開心:happily/feel happy/be delight with
【點睛】
[高分句型1]. As I lifted the receiver t my ear, I glanced ut the windw verlking the lake.(由as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句)
[高分句型2]. Hands trembling, I picked up Philippe and inspected his little bdy fr any wunds and injuries, while Jessie jumped happily arund us, head up and tail wagging.(由while連接的并列句和獨立主格形式)
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