專題04 閱讀理解（人類語音變化） 2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考Ⅰ卷）Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（對齊）, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure（結(jié)構(gòu)）, making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on? A. Its variety.      B. Its distribution.      C. Its quantity.      D. Its development. 33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A. It is key to effective communication.      B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system.      D. It drives the evolution of human beings.  一、題源刪減“f” and “v” are relatively recent soundsHuman speech contains more than 2000 different sounds, from the ubiquitous “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study investigation shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.More than 30 years ago, the linguist Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found pinpointed how and why this trend arose.They discovered found that the upper and lower front teeth incisors of ancient human adults were aligned（對齊）, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure（結(jié)構(gòu)）, making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite correlated with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point., which led to changes in human jaws and teeth: for instance, because it takes less pressure to chew softer, farmed foods, the The jawbone didn’t doesn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t doesn’t grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age era, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years dramatically in recent millennia. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the popular prevailing view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings Homo sapiens evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the emergence of our human beings species, but rather the huge variety immense diversity of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like factors involving biological change and cultural evolution,” said team member Steven Moran, a member of the research team linguist at the University of Zurich, at a briefing about this study.This new approach to studying language evolution is a game changer, says Sean Roberts at the University of Bristol, UK. “For the first time, we can look at patterns in global data and spot new relationships between the way we speak and the way we live,” he says. “It’s an exciting time to be a linguist.” 二、母題分析Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. 主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞一項(xiàng)研究（人類發(fā)音的變化和人類飲食習(xí)慣有關(guān)）：diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds分析利用連詞把握篇章、段落結(jié)構(gòu)，注重文章中的自問自答形式。第一段落自問“But why are certain sounds more common than others?”以及自答“diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages”。這里就是第一段的重點(diǎn)，考題也會在這里出。More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. 主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞講述新的研究成果（被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃較軟食物的社會的語言中更為常見）："f" and "v", were more common；how and why this trend arose分析先說出新的研究結(jié)論，最后has found how and why this trend arose，唇齒音具體如何產(chǎn)生，為什么會產(chǎn)生呢？下文會詳細(xì)說明。 They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（對齊）, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure（結(jié)構(gòu)）, making it easier to produce such sounds. 主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞唇齒音變化的主要原因：the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（對齊）, making it hard to produce labiodentals；our jaws changed to an overbite structure分析主要是兩個原因：①古代人類的上下牙齒都是對其的，所以很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音；②之后我們的下巴改變了結(jié)構(gòu)，比較容易發(fā)出唇齒音。 The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large. 主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞唇齒音變化的另一個原因（農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展使食物更容易咀嚼）：connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period分析農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展使食物更容易咀嚼，所以我們的下顎骨就沒必要長那么大了。 Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. 主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞唇齒音的顯著變化（“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加）：the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably；still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today分析新石器時代之后，世界語言的聲音發(fā)生了全球變化，在過去幾千年中，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然找不到。 This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.主要內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵詞總結(jié)：overturn；all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved；biological change and cultural evolution分析人類語音的變化是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物。 三、命題規(guī)律Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. 32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on? A. Its variety.      B. Its distribution.      C. Its quantity.      D. Its development. 命題規(guī)律及備考建議命題規(guī)律1. 考察段落細(xì)節(jié)。文章開篇介紹了兩個結(jié)論人類發(fā)音的變化和人類飲食習(xí)慣有關(guān)被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃較軟食物的社會的語言中更為常見，接著講述Damián Blasi's的研究：labiodentals were more common；how and why this trend arose2. 正確選項(xiàng)D設(shè)置：段落關(guān)鍵詞的總結(jié)歸納。labiodentals were more common；how and why this trend arose→development.3. 錯誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)置①原文重點(diǎn)詞匯的誤解。原文用“more than 2,000 different sounds”，選項(xiàng)用“variety（多樣性）”，原文用各種聲音作為引入，重點(diǎn)講述后面有個別聲音非常常見，并非講聲音的多樣性。②原文語句的錯誤解讀。原文用“such as "f" and "v", were more common”，選項(xiàng)用“distribution（分配）”，原文說有些發(fā)音很常見，Damián Blasi的團(tuán)隊想研究其原因和發(fā)音方式，而非分配。③原文信息的錯誤挖掘。原文用“2,000 different sounds”，選項(xiàng)用“quantity”。關(guān)于數(shù)量也是原文引入部分，并非研究重點(diǎn)。備考建議答題時把握題干關(guān)鍵詞，定位原文來鎖定答案。如本題，只要鎖定關(guān)鍵詞“Damián Blasi”，就可以定位到第二段末尾，在根據(jù)前后連接詞，判斷上下文邏輯關(guān)系，即可得出答案。 They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（對齊）, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure（結(jié)構(gòu)）, making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large. 33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.  命題規(guī)律及備考建議命題規(guī)律1. 考察段落細(xì)節(jié)。唇齒音變化的主要原因：the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（對齊）, making it hard to produce labiodentals；our jaws changed to an overbite structure；connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period2. 正確選項(xiàng)C設(shè)置：段落關(guān)鍵詞的重組和同義轉(zhuǎn)換。our jaws changed to an overbite structure→jaws were not conveniently structured.3. 錯誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)置①原文重點(diǎn)詞匯的誤解。原文用“our jaws changed to an overbite structure”以及“The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large（下顎骨變小了）”，選項(xiàng)用“fewer upper teeth than lower teeth（上牙齒比下牙齒少了）”，兩者語義相差甚遠(yuǎn)。②原文重點(diǎn)詞匯的誤解。原文用“the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（上下牙齒是對其的）”，選項(xiàng)用“could not open and close their lips（上下唇不能輕易地張開閉上）”，兩者語義相差甚遠(yuǎn)。③原文信息的錯誤挖掘。原文用“The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large（下顎骨不需要做那么多的工作，所以沒有長得這么大）”，選項(xiàng)用“lower front teeth were not large enough”。選項(xiàng)與原文相矛盾。備考建議答題抓住題干關(guān)鍵詞，如本題題干是“ancient human”，答案就是之前分析的原因：①古代人類的上下牙齒都是對其的，所以很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音。 Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.  命題規(guī)律及備考建議命題規(guī)律1. 考察段落大意。本段主要講述唇齒音的顯著變化（“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加）：Analyses of a language database also confirmed that；the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably；still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today 2. 正確選項(xiàng)A設(shè)置：段落關(guān)鍵詞的重組和同義轉(zhuǎn)換。recovers food and turns it into healthy meals→Supporting evidence for the research results. 3. 錯誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)置①原文信息的錯誤推斷。原文用“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that”，選項(xiàng)用“Potential application of the research findings”，錯誤選項(xiàng)指研究結(jié)果的引用，但是本段還是講述研究的結(jié)果。②原文信息的東拼西湊。原文用“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that”以及“the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably”，選項(xiàng)用“A further explanation of the research methods”，錯誤選項(xiàng)中“A further explanation”沒問題，但是“research methods”就有問題了，文章講述更深層次的研究結(jié)果，而非研究方法。③原文信息的錯誤挖掘。原文用“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that”以及“the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably”，選項(xiàng)用“A reasonable doubt about the research process”，此處錯誤選項(xiàng)“the research process（研究過程）”，也是錯的，本段講述研究結(jié)果，而非過程。備考建議答題時注意選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞，如本題中選項(xiàng)“research results”“Potential application”“research methods”“research process”都是非常明顯的區(qū)分。 This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A. It is key to effective communication.      B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system.      D. It drives the evolution of human beings.命題規(guī)律及備考建議命題規(guī)律1. 考察段落細(xì)節(jié)。各種各樣的語音是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物：not necessarily remained stable；appearance of human beings；biological change and cultural evolution2. 正確選項(xiàng)C設(shè)置：段落關(guān)鍵詞的重組和同義轉(zhuǎn)換。a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution→a complex and dynamic system3. 錯誤選項(xiàng)設(shè)置①原文重點(diǎn)詞匯的誤解。選項(xiàng)用“key to effective communication”，原文未提及，本段原文主要講述語音變化的主要原因：是多重因素的復(fù)雜作用下的結(jié)果，而非它的功能。②原文語句的錯誤解讀。原文用“but rather the huge variety of speech sounds is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution（人類語音變化的原因）”，選項(xiàng)用“contributes much to cultural diversity（語音的功能：導(dǎo)致文化多樣性）”，選項(xiàng)對原文的“語音變化的原因”歸結(jié)為“語音的功能”進(jìn)行錯誤的解讀。③原文信息的錯誤挖掘。原文用“but rather the huge variety of speech sounds is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution”，選項(xiàng)用“drives the evolution of human beings”。原文說人類的進(jìn)化導(dǎo)致語音都變化，選項(xiàng)將因果關(guān)系弄反（語音導(dǎo)致人類進(jìn)化），魚原文相矛盾。備考建議答題時注意選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞，如本題中選項(xiàng)“effective communication”“cultural diversity”“rives the evolution of human beings”都是非常明顯的區(qū)分。 四、外刊賞析“f” and “v” are relatively recent soundsHuman speech contains more than 2000 different sounds, from the ubiquitous “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year investigation shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.More than 30 years ago, the linguist Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has pinpointed how and why this trend arose.They found that the upper and lower incisors of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite correlated with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point, which led to changes in human jaws and teeth: for instance, because it takes less pressure to chew softer, farmed foods, the jawbone doesn’t have to do as much work and so doesn’t grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic era, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing dramatically in recent millennia. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.This research overturns the prevailing view that all human speech sounds were present when Homo sapiens evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the emergence of our species, but rather the immense diversity of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of factors involving biological change and cultural evolution,” said team member Steven Moran, a linguist at the University of Zurich, at a briefing about this study.This new approach to studying language evolution is a game changer, says Sean Roberts at the University of Bristol, UK. “For the first time, we can look at patterns in global data and spot new relationships between the way we speak and the way we live,” he says. “It’s an exciting time to be a linguist.”

相關(guān)試卷

【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題09《讀后續(xù)寫（患病男孩的賽跑）》母題解密（新高考卷）：

這是一份【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題09《讀后續(xù)寫（患病男孩的賽跑）》母題解密（新高考卷），文件包含高考真題解密高考英語真題題源專題09《讀后續(xù)寫患病男孩的賽跑》母題解密課件新高考卷pptx、高考真題解密高考英語真題題源專題09《讀后續(xù)寫患病男孩的賽跑》母題解密新高考卷docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共21頁， 歡迎下載使用。

【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題08《應(yīng)用文寫作（邀請參加英語節(jié)目）》母題解密（新高考卷）：

這是一份【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題08《應(yīng)用文寫作（邀請參加英語節(jié)目）》母題解密（新高考卷），文件包含高考真題解密高考英語真題題源專題08《應(yīng)用文寫作邀請參加英語節(jié)目》母題解密課件新高考卷pptx、高考真題解密高考英語真題題源專題08《應(yīng)用文寫作邀請參加英語節(jié)目》母題解密新高考卷docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共13頁， 歡迎下載使用。

【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題06《完形填空（露營趣事）》母題解密（新高考卷）：

這是一份【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題06《完形填空（露營趣事）》母題解密（新高考卷），文件包含高考真題解密高考英語真題題源專題06《完形填空露營趣事》母題解密課件新高考卷pptx、高考真題解密高考英語真題題源專題06《完形填空露營趣事》母題解密新高考卷docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共8頁， 歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題03《閱讀理解（關(guān)愛老人）》母題解密（新高考卷）

【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題03《閱讀理解（關(guān)愛老人）》母題解密（新高考卷）
【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題02《閱讀理解（食物浪費(fèi)）》母題解密（新高考卷）

【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題02《閱讀理解（食物浪費(fèi)）》母題解密（新高考卷）
【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題01《閱讀理解（文學(xué)概論）》母題解密（新高考卷）

【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題01《閱讀理解（文學(xué)概論）》母題解密（新高考卷）
【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題04《閱讀理解（議論文）》母題解密（全國通用）

【高考真題解密】高考英語真題題源——專題04《閱讀理解（議論文）》母題解密（全國通用）
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部