專題01 閱讀理解（文學概論） 2023年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（新高考Ⅰ卷）Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作業(yè)）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook.       B. An exam paper.    C. A course plan.    D. An academic article. 22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of? A. Two.        B. Three.        C. Four.        D. Five. 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero.          B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test.          D. You will have to rewrite it. 一、母題分析Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作業(yè)）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 框架結構文學概論評分政策：Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature；Grading Scale；Essays（60%）；Group Assignments（30%）；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）；Late Work分析主要看標題以及黑體小標題，大致可以得出下列幾個結論：1.文章主要講述文學概論評分標準的相關政策2. 政策包括以下幾點：①得分大致分為ABCDE五個檔次；②評分內容包括三個部分，Essays（占比60%）；Group Assignments（占比30%）；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（占比10%）3.延遲交作業(yè)會有相對應的措施。Grading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作業(yè)）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. 主要內容及關鍵詞講述論文以及小組任務的評分政策：main part of the grade for this course；four assignments；Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作業(yè)）during the course；Blackboard, our online learning and course management system分析注意其中的細節(jié)關鍵詞，如“main part”“this course”“four assignments”以及三種任務提交方式“Blackboard, our online learning and course management system”。 Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. 主要內容及關鍵詞日常作業(yè)/課堂寫作和測試/小組作業(yè)/家庭作業(yè)的評分細則：short in-class writings or tests；take careful notes；group work；short assignments分析需要注意其中的關鍵詞，如學生在課堂上需要做小組任務（group work），而回家就需要做短期作業(yè)（short assignments）。 Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 主要內容及關鍵詞延遲交作業(yè)的幾個結果： If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero；will be accepted分析注意延遲比較作業(yè)后兩個的零分的情況以及一個可以接受的情況。 二、命題規(guī)律Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作業(yè)）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 21. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A textbook.       B. An exam paper.    C. A course plan.    D. An academic article. 命題規(guī)律及備考建議命題規(guī)律1. 考察文章出處。可以根據(jù)大標題以及黑體小標題大致判斷出文章屬于什么類型，也就是之前分析的文章的框架結構和關鍵詞：Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature；Grading Scale；Essays（60%）；Group Assignments（30%）；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）；Late Work2. 正確選項C設置：文章結構的綜合歸納。Grading Policies；the main part of the grade for this course；Late Work→A course plan3. 錯誤選項設置①原文重點詞匯的錯誤歸納。原文用“Essays（論文）”以及“Group Assignments（小組作業(yè)）”，選項用“textbook（課本）”，原文關鍵詞跟textbook有一定的相關性，但textbook忽略了文章大標題“Grading Policies（打分政策）”。②原文關鍵詞把控錯誤。原文用“In-Class Writings and Tests（課堂寫作和測試）”，選項用“exam paper”，這個錯誤選項也有原文的干擾來源，但是原文說的課堂學做和測試都是作為文學課程打分的一個依據(jù)。文章除了考試這個依據(jù)以外，還有家庭作業(yè)、小組任務以及論文。③信息的錯誤轉換。原文用“major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course”，選項用“academic article（學術文章）”。原文用課程、論文來作為打分依據(jù)，而選項中學術文章是對原文的理解過于片面。備考建議文章出處的題型多關注文章結構、標題、數(shù)據(jù)等信息，牢牢抓住關鍵詞以把握文章主要思想。 Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E. Essays（60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments（作業(yè)）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded. Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of? A. Two.        B. Three.        C. Four.        D. Five. 命題規(guī)律及備考建議命題規(guī)律1. 考察文章細節(jié)。文學概論評分主要包含三個板塊： Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature；Grading Scale；Essays（60%）；Group Assignments（30%）；Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）2. 正確選項B設置：對原文小標題的細節(jié)把控，學生總分等于論文的60%+小組作業(yè)的30%+以及日常作業(yè)的10%3. 錯誤選項設置①設置可能的干擾信息。②設置可能的干擾信息。原文用“Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%”，學生可能會選出選項中的“Four”。③設置干擾信息：學生可能會數(shù)五個小標題得知是5個或者是原文的“90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.”這五個等級。備考建議答題抓住題干關鍵詞，如本題題干是“final grade made up of”，而不是“Grading scale”，學生審題時要格外小心陷阱干擾信息。 Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A. You will receive a zero.          B. You will lose a letter grade. C. You will be given a test.          D. You will have to rewrite it.  命題規(guī)律及備考建議命題規(guī)律1. 考察段落細節(jié)。延遲交作業(yè)時的措施：If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero；will be accepted。主要還是之前分析的兩個得零分的情況還有一種可接受的情況。2. 正確選項A設置：題干關鍵詞與原文的信息同義轉換。原文用“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero”，題干是“one week after the due date”，說明題干正好和原文關鍵句一致，超過截止日期四天以上將得0分3. 錯誤選項設置①原文信息的移花接木。原文用“An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade”，選項用“lose a letter grade”，選項和原文信息不一致。②對原文信息東拼西湊。原文用“complete short in-class writings or tests”表達日常作業(yè)的評分細則，和題干不匹配，選項用“given a test”，完全是東拼西湊。③原文信息的錯誤挖掘。原文用并未提及重寫這個相關信息，選項用“have to rewrite it”，此處錯誤選項進行了錯誤的推斷。備考建議答題時注意抓住題干關鍵詞，將題干關鍵詞定位到原文相關信息。如本題，只要鎖定題干關鍵詞“one week after the due date”，就可以快速定位到原文“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.”，科直接得出答案。 總結應用型說明文常見的解題方法：1.  關鍵詞定位法高考試題中，應用文的題目設置常常是就某一點提問，以細節(jié)理解題為主，故考生準確快速的鎖定信息非常關鍵。即先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題要求，按照題目順序依次有針對性地結合題干關鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，閱讀相關部分，快速尋找有效信息，再把原文和選項相比較。當問題與材料相同的時候，對號入座；如果問題與原文不同，則可以同義替換、歸納事實等。要注意根據(jù)所提問題采用尋讀、跳讀的方法，這樣往往可以達到事半功倍的效果。一般定位關鍵詞適用于解答細節(jié)理解題。通過定位關鍵詞解題，考生在閱讀題干時，把題干中有標記意義的詞或詞組標出來，或者選項中的關鍵詞，然后用這個詞回原文當中定積累該文體常見話題詞匯和話題詞匯的縮寫形式由于應用文中常常出現(xiàn)大量的縮寫詞和一些生詞，這就要求同學們平時要在老師的指導下，有意識地盡量多積累一些非考綱單詞和一些常見的縮寫詞語。例如：表時間，路程，數(shù)量：am=morning， pm=afternoon， Mon=Monday， Jan.=January，hr=hour， hrs =hours， P.W.=perweek，ml= mile，doz=dozen，Max=maximum，Min=minimum 表通信和影視設備：Te1.=telephone number， Ph.=phone表媒體：VOA=Voice of America，BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation表學歷、職業(yè)：MA=Master of Arts，BS degree= bachelor’s degree(學士學位)，prof.=professor，Dr.=doctor，VIP=very important persons 表國家、組織、地點：the USA=the United States of America，the PRC=the People’s Republic of China，WTO=World Trade Organization，co.=company，Add(r).=address，Sta=Station，Mt=Mountain 表方向：s=south， n=north， w=west，e=east其他：Lid=Limited，P=page，pop=popular，Xmas=Christmas，info=information，ad=advertisement，vs=versus，PC=personal computer 等等。3. 熟悉各種省略句省略詞和省略句在應用文閱讀材料中大量出現(xiàn)，對于影響語境理解的省略情況，我們應結合全文語境及邏輯關系將省略句補全，從而更加準確地理解。例如：Driver wanted. 根據(jù)文意，可將該句補充為＂A driver will be wanted.(招聘一名司機。) ＂。4. 排除法排除法在應用文閱讀中也應用得較多，即排除與文章內容不一致的錯誤信息，從而確定正確選項。 

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