【命題意圖】 閱讀理解從能力的角度來講，考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語的能力，具體地說，就是通過閱讀有關(guān)文章提取有用信息的能力。
【考試方向】
所謂說明文，就是指研究自然科學(xué)與技術(shù)的文章。說明文是對(duì)事物或事理進(jìn)行客觀說明的一種文體，它以說明為主要表達(dá)方式，通過解說事物或闡明事理，達(dá)到教人以知識(shí)的目的，在結(jié)構(gòu)上往往采用總分、遞進(jìn)等方式按一定的順序（如時(shí)間、空間、從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)）進(jìn)行說明。說明文的特點(diǎn)是客觀、簡(jiǎn)練、語言準(zhǔn)確、明了，文章很少表達(dá)作者的感情傾向。閱讀說明文的重點(diǎn)在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質(zhì)、構(gòu)造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特點(diǎn)等。最近五年，說明文的出現(xiàn)變化不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，選材通常是各學(xué)科的前沿問題；高科技領(lǐng)域的科研成果；人們比較關(guān)心的社會(huì)問題；人文方面的經(jīng)典。由于閱讀理解題的設(shè)置采用漸進(jìn)式，即由簡(jiǎn)到難的方式，因此說明文是高考試卷中閱讀理解題中相對(duì)比較難的，通常后置。閱讀理解試題的中要考點(diǎn)之一是考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯和句式的掌握。說明文的詞匯和句式的運(yùn)用較別的體裁的文章難度更大。詞匯運(yùn)用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，未列入考綱的生詞較多，通常達(dá)到了4-5%。不過考生可以通過說明文的語言特點(diǎn)來幫助理解語篇，例如，同位語、下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)（如破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)都有表示解釋和說明）等。
【得分要點(diǎn)】
高考閱讀理解中，說明文為主要體裁之一。高考閱讀理解題的設(shè)問主要圍繞以下四方面：細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題、主旨大意題、推理判斷題、猜測(cè)詞義題。其中，說明文主要以細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)、主旨大意和猜測(cè)詞義三方面問題為主。
一、詞義猜測(cè)類題型
閱讀理解題中常要求學(xué)生猜測(cè)某些單詞或短語的意思。歷年英語高考題中均有此類題目，有的文章盡管沒有專門設(shè)題，但由于文章中常常出現(xiàn)生詞，因此，詞義的猜測(cè)還是貫穿在文章的閱讀理解之中。解這類題目一般是通過上下文去理解或根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法去猜測(cè)。判斷一個(gè)單詞的意思不但離不開句子，而且還需要把句子放在上下文中，根據(jù)上下文提供的線索加以猜測(cè)。運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞法,語境等推測(cè)關(guān)鍵詞義，可以根據(jù)以下幾種方法猜測(cè)：
（一）內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系
根據(jù)內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系推測(cè)詞義是指運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)分析和判斷相關(guān)信息之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系，然后根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系推斷生詞詞義。
1.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞
通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或r連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思.這是高三冊(cè)第八單元閱讀第五段的句子：
The wrd ＂secure＂ in paragraph 5 line is clsest in meaning t_________.
A.freefrmanxiety B.anxius C.nervus D.happy
根據(jù)上下文和同義詞，可以選出答案A。
二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has knwn smething abut the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help f spaceships. 此句中的Venus（金星）,Mars（火星）,Jupiter（木星）均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于＂行星＂這一義域.通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but，while，hwever等；二是看與nt搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is s hmely，nt at all as handsme as his brther.根據(jù)nt at 我們不難推測(cè)出hmely的意思，即不英俊,不漂亮的意思。
2.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義
通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如because，as，since，fr，s，thus，as a result，f curse，therefre等等）表示前因后果。例如：
Yu shuldn’t have blamed him fr that，fr it wasn’t his fault.通過fr引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的錯(cuò)），可猜出blame的詞義是＂責(zé)備＂。
3.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測(cè)詞義
例如：But smetimes，n rain falls fr a lng，lng time. Then there is a dry perid，r drught.
從drught所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drught，由此可見drught意思為＂久旱＂，＂旱災(zāi)＂。而a dry perid和drught是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is，r，that is，in ther wrds，be called或破折號(hào)等來表示。
4.通過句法功能來推測(cè)詞義
例如：Bananas，ranges，pineapples，ccnuts and sme ther kind f fruit grw in warm areas.假如pineapples和ccnuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，ccnuts和bananas，ranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。
5.通過描述猜詞
描述即作者為幫助讀者更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如The penguin is a kind f sea bird living in the Suth Ple. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Althugh it cannt fly，it can swim in the icy water t catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類.后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。
（二）外部相關(guān)因素
外部相關(guān)因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知識(shí)，有時(shí)僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系無法猜出詞義。這時(shí)，就需要運(yùn)用生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和普通常識(shí)確定詞義。例如：The snakes lithered thrugh the grass.根據(jù)有關(guān)蛇的生活習(xí)性的知識(shí)，我們可以推斷出slither詞義為＂爬行＂。
（三）構(gòu)詞法
在閱讀文章時(shí)，我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如掌握了一些常用的詞根,前綴,后綴,合成等構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，這些問題便不難解決了。
1.根據(jù)前綴猜測(cè)詞義
例如：He fell int a ditch and lay there，semi-cnscius，fr a few minutes.根據(jù)詞根cnscius（清醒的，有意識(shí)的），結(jié)合前綴semi（半，部分的，不完全的），我們便可猜出semicnscius詞義＂半清醒的，半昏迷的。＂I’m illiterate abut such things.詞根lit-erate意為＂有文化修養(yǎng)的，通曉的＂，前綴il表示否定，因此illiterate指＂一竅不通，不知道的＂。
2.根據(jù)后綴猜測(cè)詞義
例如：Insecticide is applied where it is needed.后綴cide表示＂殺者，殺滅劑＂，結(jié)合大家熟悉的詞根insect（昆蟲），不難猜出insecticide意為＂殺蟲劑＂。Then the vapr may change int drplets.后綴let表示＂小的＂，詞根drp指＂滴，滴狀物＂。將兩個(gè)意思結(jié)合起來，便可推斷出drplet詞義＂小滴，微滴＂。
3.根據(jù)復(fù)合詞的各部分猜測(cè)詞義
例如：Grwing ecnmic prblems were high-lighted by a slwdwn in il utput. Hightlight或許是一個(gè)生詞，但是分析該詞結(jié)構(gòu)后，就能推測(cè)出其含義。它是由high（高的，強(qiáng)的）和light（光線）兩部分組成，合在一起便是＂以強(qiáng)光照射，使突出＂的意思。Bullfight is very ppular in Spain. Bull（公牛）和fight（打，搏斗）結(jié)合在一起，指一種在西班牙頗為流行的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)—斗牛。
二、主旨大意類題型
主旨大意類題型主要測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎樣把握主旨大意題呢？通常有以下幾種方法：
（一）閱讀文章的標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題
文章的標(biāo)題是一篇文章的題眼，通過閱讀標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。
（二）尋找文章的主題句
分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出文章主題。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過仔細(xì)閱讀短文的第一句或第二句,即文章的主題句來歸納出文章的主題.若短文由若干段組成，除仔細(xì)閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細(xì)閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心.通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有時(shí)也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用來說明和闡述主題句。因此，在確定文章的中心思想時(shí)，要求學(xué)生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常貫穿在全文中，因此要求學(xué)生綜觀全文，對(duì)段落的內(nèi)容要融會(huì)貫通，對(duì)文章透徹理解后歸納總結(jié)。主題句的特點(diǎn)是：1.相對(duì)于其他句子，它表達(dá)的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的思想的。
總之，為提高閱讀理解能力，在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)抓中心思想,作者意圖及關(guān)鍵詞語，運(yùn)用聯(lián)想,比較,歸納,推測(cè)等方法，得出最佳結(jié)論，選擇最佳答案，不能主觀臆測(cè)，把自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加進(jìn)去，與文章的觀點(diǎn)混為一談。經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間有計(jì)劃,有目的的系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練，使學(xué)生加快閱讀速度，提高閱讀的正確性，使兩者有機(jī)地統(tǒng)一起來，以提高學(xué)生閱讀英語和運(yùn)用英語進(jìn)行交際的能力，為繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用英語切實(shí)打好基礎(chǔ).閱讀是一種綜合性很強(qiáng)的語言實(shí)際活動(dòng)。我們只有進(jìn)行大量的課內(nèi)外閱讀，掌握一定的閱讀技巧，正確運(yùn)用閱讀方法，才能有效地提高閱讀理解能力。
【真題再現(xiàn)】 【2020·新高考全國(guó)卷I（山東），D】
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly(表面上)participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly abut?
A. Fd safety.B. Mvie viewership.
C. Cnsumer demand.D. Eating behavir.
13. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
15. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Hw hungry we are.B. Hw slim we want t be.
C. Hw we perceive thers.D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】本文是說明文。最近的研究表明：我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣都會(huì)影響我們的食物攝入量。文章詳述了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程。
12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake”可知，根據(jù)消費(fèi)者研究雜志最近的一項(xiàng)研究，我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣都會(huì)影響我們的食物攝入量。因此這項(xiàng)研究是關(guān)于飲食行為的。故選D。
13.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前半句“And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認(rèn)為：你應(yīng)該避免和體重較重、點(diǎn)大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認(rèn)為，你真正應(yīng)該避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推斷出，畫線詞和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple正好相反。故選D。
14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments”可知， 為了測(cè)試社會(huì)影響對(duì)飲食習(xí)慣的影響，研究人員進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，胖的和瘦的演員都吃了大量的食物。參與者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，當(dāng)演員是瘦的時(shí)候，參與者們服用的食物更多。由此推斷，研究人員雇用演員是為了看看她如何影響參與者。故選A。
15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一個(gè)超重的人吃很大一份，我會(huì)忍住一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)槲铱吹搅怂嬍沉?xí)慣的結(jié)果。但如果一個(gè)瘦的人吃很多，我會(huì)跟著做。如果他吃得多保持苗條，為什么我不能呢？ 因此推斷我們是根據(jù)我們對(duì)他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）來調(diào)整影響的。故選C。
【題型演練】
1
Smart phnes, tablets, fitness trackers, headphnes and mst f the electrnic devices we use tday are made f metal, plastic and glass. But electrnics dn’t have t be. Sala de Medeirs and her clleagues fund a way t turn an rdinary piece f paper int a simple electrnic keypad. Many teams arund the wrld are wrking n paper-based electrnics. But this new device is different frm any ther device. It’s the first t pwer itself and als resist water and dust. The user’s tuch gives it all the pwer it needs t run.
N single mment inspired her paper keypad. Instead, she fcused n devices ther engineers have been wrking n. Then she discvered that high cst was a prblem with sme flexible electrnics. S she decided t wrk with lw-cst materials.
Tefln(聚四氟乙烯) is a chemical cating that keeps fd frm sticking t pts and pans. Similar cm-punds(復(fù)合物) can als make paper waterprf. S she started testing the chemical but the ne that was sup-psed t d the best jb didn’t wrk at all. After sme research, Sala de Medeirs fund ut that this chemical reacts with air. She had t buy special equipment that frbade any air getting in the way. Nw, the chemical wrks as planned. Then the team placed a stencil(鋼板) with the shape f a circuit(電路) nt the back f the paper and sprayed n several layers f materials. Finally, the team flipped ver the paper and printed a keypad f numbers n the ther side. They als added a tiny Bluetth chip, which let their paper device talk t a cmputer. The surce f electricity cmes frm the tap f a finger. When yu’re typing we can create the energy by tuching r rubbing.
The electrnic keypad is regular paper mst peple culd affrd but wuldn’t easily get wet r dirty. It als shuld fit in yur pcket.
1. Which f the fllwing is the unique feature f the new device?
A. It’s the first device made f paper.B. It has little electricity r metal.
C. It gets pwered thrugh tuch.D. It has n truble cleaning itself.
2. Why did Tefln fail t wrk at first?
A. It was expsed t the air.B. It was f lw quality.
C. It damaged the equipment.D. It kept fd stuck t pts.
3. What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A. The prcess f creating the device.B. The significance f the research.
C. The applicatin f the device.D. The way t develp Tefln.
4. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrds “flipped ver” in Para. 3?
A. Cleaned up.B. Cut up.C. Held nt.D. Turned ver.
2
We talk a lt abut air pllutin. Here in Hng Kng we always cmplain abut light pllutin as well. Then, there is nise pllutin. It's the same in many cities arund the wrld, and in Kathmandu, the capital city f Nepal, peple have been cmplaining abut the nise made by drivers wh cntinually sund their car hrns (喇叭). That is until recently, when smething was finally dne abut it.
The Chief District Officer f Kathmandu had received many cmplaints abut hrn pllutin. He said that everyne felt the use f the car hrn in recent years had becme excessive. Researchers in Kathmandu fund that fr abut 80 percent f the time, it really was nt necessary fr drivers t use their car hrns. Sunding the hrn t make a nise had becme mre f a habit. It was n lnger being used as it was suppsed t be used: t warn peple f danger.
At the beginning f the Nepali New Year in 2017, the lcal gvernment passed a law t ban the use f car hrns unless used crrectly. Within six mnths, 11,000 fines had been cllected by the lcal traffic plice. The fine was abut HK $360. A taxi driver in Kathmandu can make abut HK $1,000 per day, s he culd lse abut ne-third f his mney if he brke the law.
As usual, there were many cmplaints frm drivers. They said that cws and dgs were free t walk n the rads. They always caused danger. Sunding a car hrn was the nly way t get them t mve ut f the way. And while there were quite a few traffic lights in the streets f Kathmandu, very few f them wrked. This meant there was ften a traffic mess.
The ban n using a car hrn went ahead, and within a few weeks the streets f Nepal's capital were quieter — even thugh they were still just as busy. Because f the ban, drivers are a little mre careful when they drive. Fewer accidents have been reprted. The lcal gvernment says the hrn ban will nw be cpied in ther areas f Nepal.
5. What d Hng Kng and Kathmandu have in cmmn?
A. Bth have been trubled by light pllutin.
B. Bth have succeeded in fighting air pllutin.
C. Bth have been faced with the prblem f nise pllutin.
D. Bth have received many cmplaints abut hrn pllutin.
6. What des the underlined wrd "excessive” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. T much.B. Quite simple.C. Very crrect.D. Mre dangerus.
7. What will yu find if yu g t Kathmandu?
A. N traffic lights in the streets can wrk.
B. The traffic n the rads is usually very heavy.
C. Animals are nt allwed t walk n the streets.
D. Drivers are required t drive n ne-way streets.
8. What can we guess abut Kathmandu's hrn ban?
A. It is unfair.B. It is wrrying.C. It is interesting.D. It is successful.
3
We already knw that salt can lead t heart disease. But culd it als affect ur mind? Scientists fund that a high-salt diet caused cgnitive impairments in mice? and it culd prduce the same effect n humans.
Cstantin Iadecla, directr f the Feil Family Brain and Mind Research the Institute, said they fed the mice eight t sixteen times their nrmal salt intake and then tested the mice. After abut three mnths, the mice had a big change in their behavir. Mice are very curius, and they like t lk fr new things. Hwever, the tested mice lst the ability t identify a nrmal bject. When the mice were put in their cage and asked t find a quiet spt, they did nt remember where the quiet spt was. Then when the mice were building a nest, which is smething the mice d daily, they, were unable t d s. The research suggested humans wuld experience a similar respnse.
Studies have shwn Australians eat arund duble the recmmended amunt f salt each day, mst f it cming frm prcessed fd. Dr. Ladecla said the estimated tw teaspns f salt the average Australian eats each day culd affect the brain functin in the lng term. Hwever, the decline might nt be as bvius as in the mice, wh were given extremely high levels f salt. "But prbably ver years and perhaps decades—as ppsed t a few mnths fr the muse—even lwer levels f salt may have a terrible effect," Dr ladecla said.
“High levels f salt cause serius immune changes in the rgans in and arund the stmach, resulting in an almst autimmune effect n the brain. It is part f a grwing bdy f evidence that we really are what we eat,“ Bryce Vissel, directr f the Centre fr Neurscience at the University f Technlgy Sydney, said. "Thse changes in turn cause all srts f respnses in the bdy, which ver time certainly cntribute t cgnitive impairments."
9. Which can describe the tested mice?
A. They remained quiet all day.B. They became smarter than ever.
C. They frgt sme rutine things.D. They were quick at finding bjects.
10. What d we knw abut Australians?
A. They ignre health advice.B. They have a higher-salt diet.
C. They dislike prcessed fd.D. They value their brain health.
11. What des the last paragraph mainly fcus n?
A. Studies carried ut by Bryce Vissel.B. Immune changes brught abut by salt.
C. Effects f daily diets n human behavirs.D. Links between salt intake and brain damage.
12. What des the text suggest?
A. Brain health cunts much.B. The bdy never tells a lie.
C. Lw-salt diet is t be advcated.D. Heart diseases can be prevented.
4
D yu like the wlly mammths frm the mvie Ice Age? T bad they're extinct? Thanks t recent develpments in bitechnlgy, the stuff f science fictin may sn becme a reality thrugh an attractive prcess called "de-extinctin", which aims t bring the extinct species back. The resurrected species are functinally equal t the riginal extinct species, but they are nt exact cpies.
There are three primary techniques f de-extinctin. One f them is that scientists deliberately select existing species with similar characters t the extinct species t prduce later generatin. This is a natural methd. Anther is clning. A clned animal is created by btaining the DNA f the extinct animal. The later generatin will be an identical cpy f the extinct species. This is nly applied t animals that are either endangered r have recently gne extinct, as it requires well-preserved eggs. The third is the newest technique, genetic engineering. It uses gene-editing tls t place selected genes frm extinct animals in place f thse present in its clsest living relative.
If we refer t Jurassic Park , resurrecting extinct animals is a terrible idea. Thankfully, we dn't have t wrry abut dinsaurs running wildly, as their DNA has disintegrated ver the 65 millin years since their extinctin. DNA can survive fr several millin years at best under certain rare cnditins, but des that mean we shuld d that?
De-extinctin is mre fr eclgy than fr turism. Eclgist Ben Nvak said, “All animals perfrm critical rles in their ecsystem. Wlly mammths, fr example, were excellent gardeners. Their disappearance was fllwed by a lss in diversity and the Arctic grassland became a cld, ice field. If a resurrected animal is always ging t be a z animal then it shuldn't be brught back.”
13. Why des the authr mentin the mvie Ice Age ?
A. T recall the jy frm the mvie.B. T lead the audience int the tpic.
C. T attract readers, attentin t the mvie.D. T shw functins f resurrecting animals.
14. What is mainly discussed abut de-extinctin in Paragraph 2?
A. Its main methds.B. Its wide applicatin.
C. Its cmplex prcedures.D. Its distinct characteristic.
15. What can replace the underlined wrd “disintegrated“ in Paragraph 3 ?
A. Brken away.B. Picked up.C. Fallen apart.D. Run ut.
16. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we bring extinct animals back?B. D yu like the wlly mammths?
C. Will dinsaurs be seen in the zs?D. Shuld we prmte clning skills?
5
Adulting is hard. While high schl students are at the frefrnt f technlgical and learning skills, it’s ften nt until they leave hme that they learn everyday life skills. Sme believe that high schls shuld ffer a cmmnsense curse in which students are taught hw t pay bills, change a tire r ck. Nw, ne Kentucky schl is ffering an “adulting day” t teach such skills t students in their senir year.
The class f 2019 at Bullitt Central High Schl in Shepherdsville, Ky., traded in their algebra and literature classes fr a day t learn sme psitive life skills, accrding t Wave 3 News.
“I think that the idea ccurred t me, riginally, when I saw a Facebk pst that parents passed arund saying they needed a class in high schl n taxes and cking, ” Christy Hardin, directr f the BCHS Family Resurce & Yuth Services Center, tld Wave 3. “Our kids can get that, but they have t chse it. And “Wednesday” was a day they culd pick and chse pieces they didn’t feel like they had gtten s far.”
Members f the cmmunity helped prvide the lessns fr the students ne n ne, including lcal plice wh taught them hw t interact with fficers during traffic stps, a speaker wh explained hw t decipher the difference between hmesickness and depressin, and thers wh discussed hw t use credit cards, hw t ck in a drm rm and hw t change a tire.
While many peple n Facebk applauded the idea, with sme arguing, “This shuld be taught in every high schl, ” thers wndered what became f hme ecnmics.
Nw knwn as Family and Cnsumer Sciences, these curses teach students hw t ck, sew and budget, alng with ther skills. In many districts, hwever, the classes are electives and students d nt always chse t take them.
“Abut time this came back, it was called Hme Ecnmics,” ne wman wrte. “In tday’s diverse make up f families it wuld be a welcme additin.”
Anther shared, “We had hme ecnmics that taught us t ck and learned hw t sew. We als had business math that taught us banking and finances. Why in the wrld is that nt taught tday? I mean, a special day called adulting t teach kids this stuff shuld be a required class credit.”
17. What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A. High schl students are t busy t learn everyday life skills.
B. The schls in ther districts have never taught everyday life skills t students.
C. High schl students are advanced in technlgical and learning skills.
D. High schl students are lacking in everyday life skills.
18. What put BCHS in the sptlight?
A. It did everything it culd t cater t the parents.
B. It taught life skills at the cst f academic curses.
C. It ffered parents pprtunities t instruct classes.
D. It allw students t decide n their wn subjects.
19. The underlined wrd “decipher” in paragraph 4 prbably means “________”.
A. determineB. demnstrateC. discriminateD. distribute
20. Which f the fllwing skills are included in the curses?
a. use credit cards b. learn algebra and literature c. change a tire d. hw t ck
A. abcB. bcdC. acdD. abd
21. What are peple’s attitudes twards the curses?
A. SupprtiveB. OppsedC. SkepticalD. Indifferent
6
It shuld be ne f the main gals in tday’s sciety t reduce plastic cnsumptin. Thugh many f us believe that recycling will slve the prblem, and cntinue using plastic, it’s actually the ppsite. In 2013, 254 millin tns f trash was prduced in the U.S. alne, and nly arund 30% was recycled. This means that the rest ended up in a landfill and will stay there fr up t 1000 years.
Recently, China has stpped imprting trash frm all ver the wrld. Befre this, ver 30% f the wrld’s waste wuld end up in China, causing a ppular belief that Asian cuntries are thse respnsible fr creating the majrity f the waste in the wrld. Nw, Asian cuntries, including Vietnam and Thailand, are lking fr new ways t avid plastic. One f thse ideas was a new, ec-friendly way t pack their gds by aviding plastic packaging.
One f the Perfect Hmes Chiangmai’s team members nticed a creative way t reduce plastic that a supermarket called Rimping Supermarket was using and decided t take phts f their shelves with his phne. Little did he knw that peple frm all arund the wrld wuld abslutely lve this idea. “I just ppped in t get a few items while we were waiting t sign sme cntracts(合同) with ur lawyer, wh was delayed. When I nticed the vegetables wrapped in banana leaves and simply liked the idea, I tk a few pictures and psted them nline” he said.
With mre than 3.5 millin views and ver 17 thusand shares, the idea became smething peple can encurage mre supermarkets t implement(貫徹).
Sme have nticed that nt everything n the shelves is cmpletely plastic-free, t which the supermarket respnded that they are taking ne step at a time, but it’s nt that easy. Many prducts cme t the supermarkets pre-packaged and many cmpanies are interested in wrapping their prduce in plastic since it is the cheapest and the easiest ptin.
It’s nw up t the shppers t shw the supermarket which they prefer. If every ne pts fr the banana leaf packaging, they will stp stcking the items in plastic.
22. What can we infer abut recycling frm paragraph 1?
A. The authr thinks highly f recycling
B. The US did a great jb in recycling in 2013
C. Recycling has failed t slve the plastic prblem
D. Recycling helps a lt in reducing plastic cnsumptin
23. Why did the man g t Rimping Supermarket ?
A. T take phts f their shelves
B. T meet with their lawyer there
C. T buy sme items
D. T sign sme cntracts with the supermarket.
24. What des the underline phrase“ pts fr ”in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. DubtsB. DiscussesC. DislikesD. Chses
25. What is the best title f the passage?
A. Leaf Packaging Ges Viral
B. Reducing Plastic Cnsumptin
C. Recycling Avids Plastic Packaging
D. A Gd Optin Makes A Difference

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