選擇性必修第二冊(cè) Unit 2 Imprving yurself
A組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固
Ⅰ. 語(yǔ)法填空
A
Stand in line at any grcery stre r sit in any hspital waiting rm, and yu see peple staring at their phnes, prbably catching up n news r just relieving their bredm. This seems harmless enugh. But culd being n ur phnes affect ur 1. ________ (able) t cnnect with the peple arund us? 2. ________ new study aimed t answer that questin.
Researcher Kstadin Kushlev and his clleagues asked pairs f cllege students, 3. ________ were strangers t each ther, 4. ________ (cme) int a small lab waiting rm — either with r withut their phnes. They were tld that the researchers were running a bit late and they needed t wait. While waiting, their faces were 5. ________ (secret) videtaped. Afterwards, the students 6. ________ (reprt) hw they felt and hw much they interacted (互動(dòng)) with the ther participants, if any.
The researchers studied videtapes f the faces f pairs wh interacted, 7. ________ (measure) hw ften they smiled. The 8. ________ (result)? Peple with phnes exhibited fewer smiles verall. They spent 30% less f the time smiling 9. ________ peple withut phnes, signalling less interest in cnnectin with thers. What's mre, thirty-tw participants with phnes didn't interact at all in the waiting rm. These findings shw that using phnes in public 10. ________ (affect) ne's interactin with thers. Cnsequently, cellphnes shuld be used wisely.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究人員通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常使用手機(jī)會(huì)影響人與人之間交流的能力。
1. ability 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處在句中作affect的賓語(yǔ)，且其前有ur修飾，應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填ability。
2. A 考查冠詞。study意為“研究”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指“一項(xiàng)新的研究”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞。
3. wh 考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾指人的先行詞students，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用wh引導(dǎo)該從句。
4. t cme 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。ask sb. t d sth.為固定搭配，意為“讓某人做某事”，故填t cme。
5. secretly 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處修飾謂語(yǔ)were videtaped，應(yīng)用副詞，故填secretly。
6. reprted 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境及句意可知，此處敘述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
7. measuring 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語(yǔ)studied，設(shè)空處于謂語(yǔ)之間無(wú)連詞連接，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。measure與主語(yǔ)The researchers之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故填measuring。
8. results 考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。result意為“結(jié)果”，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)下文中的介紹可知，此處指不止一個(gè)結(jié)果，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
9. than 考查介詞。根據(jù)句意和句中的less可知，此處表示比較意義，故填than。
10. affects 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處在從句中作謂語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)using phnes in public，為單數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，再根據(jù)主句謂語(yǔ)shw的時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填affects。
B
D yu have a fear f public speaking? Fr the lngest time, I had such kind f fear. It's cmmn. In fact, varius scientific reprts have shwn that the fear f speaking in public 1. ________ (rank) higher than the fear f 2. ________(die). This may sund a bit extreme t many f yu but 3. ________ yu get nervus and sweat like crazy just at the thught f speaking in frnt f peple, then yu prbably knw that the fear is smewhat understandable.
I remember I used t fear public speaking. My legs wuld get weak as I 4. ________(walk) t the frnt f the audience. I wuld avid eye cntact unless I fund smene with a 5. ________ (smile) face. Then I wuld just stare at that persn fr 6. ________ whle speech.
Have yu experienced these things? They are nt 7. ________ (exact) gd experiences. I will share my experiences in vercming fear f public speaking. The mst imprtant thing is t practise. Yu can d this 8. ________ jining such kind f clubs. If that's nt pssible, then just practise ding speeches in frnt f anyne, even yurself in the mirrr r an imaginary audience. Vlunteer 9. ________ (d) shrt speeches whenever yu can get the chance. The mre yu d it, the 10. ________ (easy) it will becme.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。在公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合我們都會(huì)恐懼講話(huà)，本文作者分享了克服演講恐懼的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
1. is ranked 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句的主語(yǔ)是the fear f speaking，與謂語(yǔ)rank之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上下文可知，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is ranked。
2. death 考查名詞。the fear f后跟名詞，die是動(dòng)詞，其名詞形式為death。故填death。
3. if 考查連詞。句意：對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，這可能聽(tīng)起來(lái)有點(diǎn)極端，但如果你一想到要在眾人面前講話(huà)就緊張得拼命冒汗的話(huà)，那么你可能知道這種恐懼是可以理解的。根據(jù)句意可知，本句應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故填if。
4. walked 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我記得我曾經(jīng)害怕公開(kāi)演講。當(dāng)我走到觀眾前面時(shí)，我的腿就會(huì)發(fā)軟。根據(jù)句意可知，講述的是過(guò)去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填walked。
5. smiling 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空后的face是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，因此應(yīng)用所給動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語(yǔ)。故填smiling。
6. the 考查冠詞。the whle speech指的是整個(gè)演講。故填the。
7. exactly 考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處修飾形容詞gd，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填exactly。
8. by 考查介詞。句意：你可以通過(guò)參加這樣的俱樂(lè)部來(lái)做這件事。根據(jù)句意及空格后面的jining可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞。故填by。
9. t d 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。vlunteer t d sth.“自愿做某事”。故填t d。
10. easier 考查形容詞的比較級(jí)?！皌he＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”表示“……越……，……就越……”。故填easier。
Ⅱ. 根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1. 促使她成功的原因，與其說(shuō)是她的聰明，倒不如說(shuō)是她的努力工作。(mre... than...)
It was mre hard wrk than cleverness that led t her success.
2. 正是因?yàn)樽黾媛毠ぷ?，大學(xué)生們才能獲得社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，開(kāi)闊視野。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
It is because f ding part-time jbs that cllege students can gain scial experience and braden their hrizns.
3. 隨著高考的臨近，我們壓力很大。(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
With the Cllege Entrance Examinatin appraching, we are under great stress.
4. 面對(duì)困難時(shí)，他們從不放棄而是努力尋找出路。(face)
①Faced with difficulties, they never give up but try their best t find a way ut.(過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
②Facing difficulties, they never give up but try their best t find a way ut.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
③In (the) face f difficulties, they never give up but try their best t find a way ut.(介詞短語(yǔ))
5. 我們可以相信他今天能完成工作。(rely n)
①We can rely n him t finish the wrk tday.
②We can rely n it that he can finish the wrk tday.
B組·能力提升
Ⅰ. 閱讀理解
Essentially, everyne has tw ages: a chrnlgical (按時(shí)間計(jì)算的) age, hw ld the calendar says yu are, and a bilgical age, basically the age at which yur bdy functins as it cmpares t average fitness r health levels.
“Chrnlgical age isn't hw ld we really are. It's merely a number，” said Prfessr David Sinclair at Harvard University. “It is bilgical age that determines ur health and ultimately ur lifespan (壽命). We all age bilgically at different rates accrding t ur genes, what we eat, hw much we exercise, and what envirnment we live in. Bilgical age is the number f candles we really shuld be blwing ut. In the future, with advances in ur ability t cntrl bilgical age, we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne．”
T calculate bilgical age, Prfessr Levine at Yale University identified nine bi-markers that seemed t be the mst influential n lifespan by a simple bld test. The numbers f thse markers, such as bld sugar and immune measures, can be put int the cmputer, and the algrithm (算法) des the rest.
Perhaps what's mst imprtant here is that these measures can be changed. Dctrs can take this infrmatin and help patients make changes t lifestyle, and hpefully take steps t imprve their bilgical cnditins. “I think the mst exciting thing abut this research is that these things aren't set in stne，” Levine said. “Peple can be given the infrmatin earlier and take steps t imprve their health befre it's t late.”
Levine even entered her wn numbers int the algrithm. She was surprised by the results. “I always cnsidered myself a very healthy persn. I'm physically active; I eat what I cnsider a fairly healthy diet. But I did nt find my results t be as gd as I had hped they wuld be. It was a wake-up call，” she said.
Levine is wrking with a grup t prvide access t the algrithm nline s that anyne can calculate their bilgical age, identify ptential risks and take steps t imprve their wn health in the lng run. “N ne wants t live an extremely lng life with a lt f chrnic diseases，” Levine said. “By delaying the develpment f mental and physical functining prblems, peple can still be engaged in sciety in their senir years. That is the ideal we shuld be pursuing.”
1. Bilgical age depends n ________．
A. what the calendar says abut ur age
B. when we start t take utdr exercise
C. whether we can adapt urselves t the envirnment
D. hw well ur bdy wrks cmpared with ur peers'
2. What des the authr mean by saying the underlined part in Paragraph 2?
A. We are chrnlgically lder than last year.
B. We might be less happy than the previus year.
C. We dn't have t celebrate ur birthday every year.
D. We may be bilgically yunger than the year befre.
3. What des the authr want t tell us by Levine's example in Paragraph 5?
A. It is necessary t change ur diet regularly.
B. The algrithm can reveal ur ptential health prblems.
C. Waking up early in the mrning is gd fr ur fitness.
D. The test results may give us wrng infrmatin.
4. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Bi-markers Can Make Us Yunger
B. Chrnlgical Age and Bilgical Age
C. Old Peple Can Still Be Engaged in Sciety
D. Bilgical Age Can Lag Behind r Exceed Chrnlgical
Age
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。我們的生理年齡可能會(huì)因?yàn)槲覀兊幕?、飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)量以及所處的環(huán)境不同，而落后于或者超過(guò)實(shí)際年齡。
1. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a bilgical age, basically the age at which yur bdy functins as it cmpares t average fitness r health levels”可知，生物年齡取決于我們的身體與同齡人相比有多好。故選D。
2. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“In the future, with advances in ur ability t cntrl bilgical age, we may have even fewer candles n ur birthday cake than the previus ne．”和常識(shí)可知，過(guò)生日插生日蠟燭指的是生理年齡的增長(zhǎng)，由此判斷出，第二段畫(huà)線部分是指我們的生理年齡可能比前一年年輕。故選D。
3. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“She was surprised by the results.”和“But I did nt find my results t be as gd as I had hped they wuld be.”可推知，作者通過(guò)Levine的例子告訴我們這個(gè)算法可以揭示我們潛在的健康問(wèn)題。故選B。
4. D 標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文以及第二段中的“Chrnlgical age isn't hw ld we really are. It's merely a number”和“We all age bilgically at different rates accrding t ur genes, what we eat, hw much we exercise, and what envirnment we live in.”可知，我們的生理年齡可能會(huì)因?yàn)槲覀兊幕?、飲食、運(yùn)動(dòng)量以及所處的環(huán)境不同而落后于或者超過(guò)實(shí)際年齡。故選D。
Ⅱ. 應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作
(2020·湖北黃岡模擬)假定你是李華，你班交換生Jim將要參加“學(xué)在中國(guó)”留學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)演講比賽，發(fā)郵件向你咨詢(xún)。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他回復(fù)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 推薦一個(gè)演講話(huà)題；
2. 說(shuō)明推薦的理由；
3. 建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。
注意：1. 詞數(shù)80左右；
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
3. 開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim，
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Yurs，
Li Hua
【參考范文】
Dear Jim，
I am very glad t have received yur email and I knw that yu'll take part in the “Studying in China” Speech Cntest. I'd like t give yu sme practical suggestins.
I recmmend that yu talk abut the curses n traditinal Chinese culture yu've attended. The majr reasn is that they intrduce the real treasure in human histry.
T d it well, I think yu shuld chse impressive examples t gain the recgnitin f the judges. Mrever, yu have t practise yur spken Chinese t express yurself mre clearly and fluently. I really hpe my advice will be helpful. Wish yu a great success.
Yurs，
Li Hua

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