
?2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(新教材新高考)
第12講—特殊句式
【復(fù)習(xí)概覽】
在語境中理解和運(yùn)用新的語法知識
核心素養(yǎng)
特殊句式
語言能力
語法知識
1.單句填空
2.語篇填空
3.單句翻譯
4.書面表達(dá)
生活實(shí)踐和學(xué)習(xí)探索情境
高考評價
關(guān)鍵能力
必備知識()
在語境中理解和運(yùn)用新的語法知識
【命題分析】
一、命題要求
特殊句式考點(diǎn),是英語高考考點(diǎn)之一。在高考中主要考查點(diǎn)有:強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、倒裝句、省略和主謂一致等。
二、命題形式
本考點(diǎn)在高考中的命題形式主要有:1.語法填空;2.書面表達(dá)。特殊句式在語法填空中是??键c(diǎn)。
2022年特殊句式還有可能考,讓學(xué)生掌握這個考點(diǎn)是必要的。
【基礎(chǔ)鞏固】
知識點(diǎn):特殊句式
重難點(diǎn)知識:
考點(diǎn)1強(qiáng)調(diào)
【典例】
1. (2021·天津耀華濱海學(xué)校高三三模)It was only after experiencing the failure________ he began to train seriously and he won the championship in the 400-metcr freestyle a year later.
A.when B.whether C.that D.which
【答案】C
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意:在經(jīng)歷了失敗后,他開始認(rèn)真訓(xùn)練,并在一年后贏得了400米自由泳冠軍。分析句子可知,該句去掉It was和設(shè)空處仍然是完整的句子,由此可知此處考查該強(qiáng)調(diào)句,結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who(強(qiáng)調(diào)人時可用who)...,該句被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為狀語,只能用that。故選C項(xiàng)。
2. —What do you think it is ________has brought worldwide attention to China? (用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)
—Rapid and steady economic growth, of course.
【答案】that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意:——你認(rèn)為是什么使得全世界關(guān)注中國?——當(dāng)然是快速而穩(wěn)定的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),把it is和該空去掉,該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,語義清晰,由此判斷該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句it is/was+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that+句子的其他成分,如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,可以用who代替that。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)主語what,故填that。
【方法指導(dǎo)】
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本構(gòu)成是“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。
2.如果原句中含有“not...until”,在強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語時,將主句中的否定詞not連同狀語一起提前。
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前;特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞+is/was+it+that從句”。
4.do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:do/does/did只能對謂語進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),且只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的肯定句中。
【變式】
【變式】1
It’s unnecessary and it’s not important at all. We needn’t care about it. It is one’s inner beauty________matters. (用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)
【答案】that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意:沒有必要,也一點(diǎn)都不重要,我們不需要關(guān)心它。一個人的內(nèi)在美才是最重要的。把It is和該空去掉,該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,語義清晰,可知此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型it is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that +其他,如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,可以用who代替that。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語one’s inner beauty,不指人。故填that。
【變式】2
It’s not what you have in your life but ________you have in your life that matters. (用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)
【答案】who
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的用法和主語從句。句意:重要的不是你在生活中擁有什么而是你擁有誰。題干中not what you have in your life but ________you have in your life是強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,根據(jù)前者的what,判斷but后的從句中缺少have的賓語,指人。故用who。
考點(diǎn)2倒裝
【典例】
1. Only after one has become a parent ________he realize how great his parents are. (用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)
【答案】will
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:只有一個人為人父母后,他才知道他的父母多么的偉大。"Only+狀語從句"放在句首的時候,后面的句子用部分倒裝,助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞放在主語前面,由于從句用現(xiàn)在完成時,主句用一般將來時,所以答案為will。
2. Never ________it realistic for Europe to lay too much hope on China since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries themselves. (用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)
【答案】is
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:對于歐洲而言從來沒有把太多的希望放在中國,這是現(xiàn)實(shí)的,因?yàn)閭鶆?wù)問題將只能由歐洲國家自己來解決。否定詞never放在句首,后面使用倒裝句。根據(jù)后半句“since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries themselves”可知,本句用一般現(xiàn)在時,it作形式主語,故用is。
【方法指導(dǎo)】
1.only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句,且放在句首時句子使用部分倒裝。
2.否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首時,句子使用部分倒裝。
3.表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時,用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)“so/neither/nor+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”(so表示肯定意義,neither/nor表示否定意義)。
4.在so...that...和such...that...句式中,如果so或such引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首時,主句中需要部分倒裝。
5.not only...but also...,連接兩個并列分句,not only置于句首時,它所在的分句使用部分倒裝。
6.a(chǎn)s/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,將表語、狀語或謂語動詞提前,構(gòu)成倒裝。句式為:表語、狀語或動詞原形+as/though+主語+其他。(though引導(dǎo)的從句也可用正常語序)
7. hardly...when...;no sooner...than...;scarcely...when...“剛……就……”,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首時,主句用部分倒裝,從句不倒裝,且主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。
【變式】
【變式】(2021·黑龍江哈爾濱市·哈爾濱三中高三期末)It is through decades of hard work
China has progressed to a new stage.
A.that B.where C.which D.what
【答案】A
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意:經(jīng)過幾十年的努力,中國發(fā)展到了一個新階段。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),把It is和該空去掉,該句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,語義清晰,由此判斷該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為It is / was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+句子的其他成分,如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,可以用who代替that,句中強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語through decades of hard work。故選A。
考點(diǎn)3省略
【典例】
1.(2021·黑龍江哈爾濱市·哈爾濱三中高三期末)The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer.
A.if anything B.if ever C.if any D.if so
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略。句意:這里的氣候相當(dāng)宜人,夏天的溫度極少達(dá)到30攝氏度。A. if anything如果有什么的話;B. if ever如果有過的話;C. if any即便要;D. if so要是這樣。此處為條件狀語從句的省略,且if ever與rarely連用,表示“極少”。故選B。
2.(2021·天津高三一模)When ________, the two methods can help us save much time and money.
A.being combined B.combined C.to be combined D.combining
【答案】B
【解析】考查過去分詞和省略句。句意:結(jié)合起來,這兩種方法可以幫助我們節(jié)省很多時間和金錢。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和主句主語相同時,從句可省略主語和系動詞。當(dāng)動詞和主語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系時,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時,應(yīng)用過去分詞。combine意為“使結(jié)合”,和主語the two methods構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。所以應(yīng)用過去分詞combined。故選B。
【方法指導(dǎo)】
1.當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或主語是it,且從句中含be動詞時,可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。
2.so或not代替上文內(nèi)容,此時可用“if+so/not”省略句式;其他類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有if ever,if any,if anything等。
3.I'm afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so與not分別表示肯定或否定,賓語從句可省去。
4.單獨(dú)使用不定式符號to代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。否定形式的省略用not to。
5.不定式符號to用在某些形容詞,如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面。
6.如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。
7.在do nothing but,can't help but,why not,would rather...than...;prefer to do...rather than...等句型中省略to。
【變式】
(2020·江蘇南通市·高三期中)When ____________ (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】exposed
【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意:當(dāng)面臨危險和沖突時,男性往往會血壓升高,感到緊張或焦慮。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知,be exposed to“暴露于”是固定短語,此處從句的主語與主句一致為men,當(dāng)從句的主語與主句一致時,且含有be動詞,從句的主語和be動詞都可以省略,所以空處需用過去分詞exposed。故填exposed。
考點(diǎn)4主謂一致
1.意義一致原則
①The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.
既是作家又是教師的史密斯自從搬到悉尼經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)的成敗。
②Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.
很多大企業(yè)都是從小規(guī)模發(fā)展起來的。
③Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
④Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 7:30 tomorrow morning.
所有男女生要求明天早上之前在學(xué)校門口集合。
【方法指南】
1.由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
2.“no/each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and+no/each/every+單數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
3.非謂語動詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
4.表示時間、距離、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,看作一個整體時為單數(shù)。
5.含修飾語的名詞作主語的特殊情況
①many a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
②the rest,the remaining/part...+主語,謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。
③分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)指代或修飾名詞時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所表示的意義。
2.就近一致原則
①Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.
或者你或者我要負(fù)責(zé)這件事。
②Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.
不僅學(xué)生而且老師也喜歡這部電影。
③There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.
=There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box.
文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。
【方法指南】
1.由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but (also)連接的并列主語,通常根據(jù)就近一致原則,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要和與它鄰近的主語的數(shù)保持一致。
2.there be句型中,謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。
3.語法一致原則
①The majority of visitors were in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was simply surprising.
大多數(shù)的訪客都支持他的結(jié)論:在這個主題方面出版的書的數(shù)量真是令人驚訝。
②With more and more forests being destroyed,a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.
=With more and more forests being destroyed,quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
隨著越來越多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的沃土被沖走。
③No one in the depart but Tom and I knows that the director is going to resign.
除了我和湯姆外,這個部門沒人知道主管要辭職。
④This kind of flowers sells well.
這種花賣得很好。
【方法指南】
1.主語和謂語通常遵循語法一致的原則,即主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.a(chǎn) quantity of接名詞時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。quantities of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞,后面的謂語動詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3.由“kind (form,type,sort,species,portion,series)of”等修飾的主語,其謂語形式常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
4.主語后跟有with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等附屬成分時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。
【關(guān)鍵能力】
特殊句式與語法填空
特殊句式??嫉恼Z法項(xiàng)目包含主謂一致、倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、省略句、感嘆句、祈使句等,考查形式有謂語動詞的數(shù)、狀語從句的省略中的非謂語動詞以及助動詞、替代詞或標(biāo)志性的詞等。
[典題試做]
在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式。
1. It could be anything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—but whatever it is,________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
2. Yangshuo ________(be) really beautiful.
3. If ________(accept) for the job,you'll be informed soon.
4. Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave) in the wrong hands.
5.Only when Lily walked into the office ________she realize that she had left the contract at home.
答案:1.make 2.is 3.accepted 4.left 5.did
[應(yīng)對策略]
注意分析句式結(jié)構(gòu),確定為何種特殊句式,再根據(jù)特殊句式的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
◆書面表達(dá)中特殊句式易錯點(diǎn)聚焦
在書面表達(dá)中適當(dāng)引入特殊句式,可提高表達(dá)的層次,增強(qiáng)交際效果。但是學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中主要存在以下問題:
1.主謂不一致
(誤)Your friend and adviser have agreed to lend me some money.
(正)Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me some money.
(誤)Many a scientist have sacrificed their lives for science.
(正)Many a scientist has sacrificed his life for science.
(誤)Mr Wang,together with his wife,have gone to Australia.
(正)Mr Wang,together with his wife,has gone to Australia.
(誤)Each of the boys have their own books.
(正)Each of the boys has his own books.
(誤)The blind is not able to walk without sticks.
(正)The blind are not able to walk without sticks.
(誤)Five years have passed since then.
(正)Five years has passed since then.
2.缺乏運(yùn)用意識
語言輸出時,多用正常語序的簡單句、并列句等,而缺乏運(yùn)用特殊句式的意識。
(簡單句堆積)I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the Student Union.I am from Chenguang High School.
(同位語)I am Li Hua,chairman_of_the_Student_Union,from_Chenguang_High_School.
(一般表達(dá))I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
(倒裝句)Not_until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did_I_realize_its_importance.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)It_was_not_until_I_was_chosen_monitor_of_my_class_in_my_senior_middle_school that I realized its importance.
3.運(yùn)用中出現(xiàn)語法錯誤
(誤)Only_work_hard can you achieve your goal.
(正)Only_by_working_hard can you achieve your goal.
(誤)There have some problems exist in our school.
(正)There exist some problems in our school.
(誤)Only after the war learned_he the sad news.
(正)Only after the war did_he_learn the sad news.
(誤)It was at_midnight_when I got back home yesterday.
(正)It was at_midnight_that I got back home yesterday.
(正)It was midnight_when I got back home yesterday.
第12講 –特殊句式(練)
時間 :50分鐘 滿分:50分
姓名________________ 得數(shù)___________________
Ⅰ.單句語法填空(每個1分,共25分)
1.(2021·黑龍江哈師大附中高三期末)Much ____________ I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.
【答案】as/though
【解析】考查讓步狀語從句的倒裝。句意:盡管我很佩服他的勇氣,但我認(rèn)為他的行為并不明智。由句意可知,本句是由as/though(盡管)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,本句進(jìn)行了部分倒裝,將狀語提到as/though前面,原句為:As/Though I admire his courage much。故填as/though。
2.( So touching ________the song sound that I couldn’t hold my tears back when I heard it for the first time.
【答案】did
【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:當(dāng)我第一次聽到這首歌時,我禁不住流下了眼淚。當(dāng)"so+形容詞"置于句首時,句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝,助動詞提前;根據(jù)從句時態(tài)可知,應(yīng)用一般過去時,故填助動詞did。
3. Not until I returned ________I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:直到回來,我才發(fā)現(xiàn)安靜的小鎮(zhèn)生活對我才是最好的。not until放在句首,主句要部分倒裝。結(jié)合前文的returned可知,可知為一般過去時,故在主句主語I前加did。故填did。
4.—Was it at 11 o’clock ________your father came back last night?
—Yes, he is always coming back so late.
【答案】that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意:——你爸爸昨晚是11點(diǎn)回來的嗎?——是的,他總是這么晚回來。分析句子可知,把was it和該空去掉之后,句子意思和結(jié)構(gòu)完整,由此判斷本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+句子的其他成分,如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,可以用who代替that,這里被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是時間狀語at 11 o’clock。故填that。
5. It was what he meant rather than what he said ________annoyed me.
【答案】that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意:是他話里的意思而不是他說的話把我惹惱了。分析可知,去掉設(shè)空處和It was該句是一個完整的句子,故這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句,被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是“what he meant rather than what he said”,結(jié)合強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)事物用that,該空應(yīng)該填 that。故填that。
6. Who was it ________played a trick on the new English teacher?
【答案】that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意:是誰捉弄了新來的英語教師?把was it和該空去掉,句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,語義清晰,由此判斷該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句“特殊疑問詞+ is/was + it that...”。故填that。
7. He jumped at the opportunity when he saw the advertisement in a newspaper, because barely________(can) he make ends meet.
【答案】could
【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:因?yàn)槿氩环蟪觯?dāng)他在報紙上看到這則廣告時抓住了機(jī)會。否定副詞barely位于從句句首時句子要進(jìn)行部分倒裝,將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或系動詞be等置于主語前,再結(jié)合“jumped”可知,使用情態(tài)動詞can的過去式could。故填could。
8. Only after Mary read her essay the second time________she notice the spelling mistake. (用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)
【答案】did
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:只有當(dāng)瑪麗第二次讀文章時,她才注意到拼寫錯誤。Only的倒裝有兩個條件:only放在句首,且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語。本題中only放在了句首,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時間狀語從句after Mary read her essay the second time,所以后面使用倒裝句的形式;描述發(fā)生在過去的事情,用一般過去時,故將助動詞did置于主語she之前。故答案是did。
9. I believe that when the power of love overcomes the love of power,________then will there be peace in this world.(用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)
【答案】only
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:我相信,當(dāng)愛的力量戰(zhàn)勝了對權(quán)勢的愛,直到那時這個世界才會有和平。此處為“only then…”句型,表示“直到那時”,后跟部分倒裝。故填only。
10.(2020·江蘇省前黃高級中學(xué)高三月考)Wasn’t it the icy road rather than the drivers______ was to blame for the series of traffic accidents?
【答案】that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意:這一系列交通事故的罪魁禍?zhǔn)撞皇墙Y(jié)冰路面,而是司機(jī)嗎?去掉Wasn’t it和空處,句子成分仍然完整,所以本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。故填that。
11.(2020·河南南陽市·南陽中學(xué)高三月考)Once___________ (pour), water can’t be taken back.
【答案】poured
【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意:水一倒就收不回來了。once連接的狀語從句中,常省略跟主句相同的主語和從句中的be動詞。從句陳述客觀事實(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),故從句完整為Once(water is) poured。故填poured。
12.(2020·全國)Potatoes turn green when ________(expose) to light. (所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】exposed
【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意:土豆在光照下會變綠。分析句子可知,此處為when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的省略,根據(jù)Potatoes 與expose 的被動關(guān)系可將從句補(bǔ)全為when they are exposed to light。在when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,從句主語與主句主語一致且含有be的某種形式時,可省略從句的主語和be,故填exposed。
13. When deeply ______(absorb) in work, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping. (用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子)
【答案】absorbed
【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意:當(dāng)他全神貫注地工作時,他總是忘記吃飯和睡覺。 absorb意為“使……全神貫注”,常用句型sb. be absorbed in sth.,意為“某人全神貫注于……”。該處指他全神貫注于工作,因此,需要選擇用absorb的某種形式。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,該從句補(bǔ)充完整為:when he is deeply absorbed in work。根據(jù)“主從句主語一致,且從句中有be的時候,可以省略從句主語和be”的原則,該從句省略為when deeply absorbed。故填absorbed。
14.(2020·全國)There __________ an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】is
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:盤子里有一個蘋果,兩根香蕉和一些橙子。There be“有”,是倒裝句,謂語動詞采用就近原則,主語為an apple, two bananas and some oranges,謂語動詞的數(shù)由最近的an apple決定,因此be動詞要用單數(shù)形式,結(jié)合語境可知本句為一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。
15. _____(delight) as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers of a newly opened restaurant. (所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】Delighted
【解析】考查過去分詞。句意:盡管看到眼前的西紅柿我很高興,但當(dāng)我得知布朗斯格羅夫農(nóng)場是一家新開張的餐館的供應(yīng)商之一時,我更高興了。分析可知,題干中形容詞前置句首,且前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,可推知本句應(yīng)是讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu):形容詞/副詞 + as + 主語 + 系動詞/動詞,修飾人的情感,用過去分詞。故填Delighted。
16.(2020·全國)Oh! It’s 9 o’clock! I know there is no ______(possible)that I can catch up with the train. (所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】possibility
【解析】考查同位語從句。句意:噢!已經(jīng)九點(diǎn)了!我知道趕上火車是不可能的了。“There is no possibility that...”是固定句型,意為“......是沒有可能的”,其中that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句是對possibility進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)該用形容詞possible的名詞形式possibility,故填possibility。
17. Only if you put the sun there __________ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
【答案】did
【解析】考查倒裝和時態(tài)。句意:只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上,天空中其它行星的運(yùn)動才能說得通。Only if條件從句在前,主句要進(jìn)行部分倒裝,即助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提到主語前,put the sun there是哥白尼當(dāng)時的動作,用的是一般過去時,前后時態(tài)一致,助動詞用did,故填did。
18.(2020·全國)__________ the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. (只有) (根據(jù)漢語意思填空)
【答案】Only if
【解析】考查連詞。句意:只有情況緊急時,你才應(yīng)該在半夜把醫(yī)生叫來。根據(jù)句意,“the case is urgent(情況緊急)”是“半夜叫醫(yī)生”的條件,且主句的謂語部分“should you call out”用了部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),所以應(yīng)考慮only位于句首。故填Only if。
19.(2020·全國)---How is the man injured in the earthquake?
---The doctor said if _________(treat) in a proper way, he was likely to be saved. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】treated
【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意:醫(yī)生說如治療得當(dāng),地震中受傷的人可能得救。因從句主語是“治療”這一動作的承受者且描述過去的事實(shí),故從句用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),if從句的主語與主句“he was likely to be saved”的主語一致,故從句省略主語和be動詞,“if he was treated … ” 省略成“if treated”。故填treated。
20.(2020·全國)When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It's kind of you.”
當(dāng)被提供幫助的時候,人們常說“謝謝”或者“你真好?!?br />
【答案】offered
【解析】考查省略句。根據(jù)句意可知,此處需填“被提供幫助”。當(dāng)狀語從句和主句主語相同時,狀語從句的主語和be動詞可以省略;不省略的情況下,從句應(yīng)為When he is offered help,省略后則為When offered help。故填offered。
21.(2020·全國高三專題)In ____________ case should we prevent the students from exploring new ideas and technology.(用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~填空)
【答案】no
【解析】考查部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:在任何情況下我們都不應(yīng)該阻止學(xué)生探索新思想和新技術(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句…should we prevent the students…使用了部分倒裝句,因此句首應(yīng)該是表示否定的短語,in no case意為“在任何情況下都不……”,符合句意。故填no。
22. It was with great joy ________ Tom received the news ________ his lost son had been found.
【答案】that that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式和同位語從句。第一空考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語with great joy,故應(yīng)填that;第二空考查同位語從句,從句中不缺少成分也不缺少語義,它是名詞news的具體內(nèi)容,故應(yīng)填that。句意:湯姆得知他走失的兒子找到時欣喜若狂。
23. From the picture we know, ________ happy do the children feel that they are wild with joy.
【答案】So
【解析】考查倒裝句的用法。根據(jù)句中“that從句”可知,該題考查“so...that”句式引出的倒裝;So+形容詞或副詞位于句子開頭,則主句用部分倒裝。句意:從我們知道的圖片中可知,孩子們感到很快樂以至于他們都要樂瘋了。故答案為So。
24. Only by communicating with each other more frequently ________ they clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.
【答案】can
【解析】考查部分倒裝?!皁nly+狀語”位于句首,主句要部分倒裝。句意:只有通過經(jīng)常溝通,他們才能清除誤會,解決問題。結(jié)合語意可知答案是can。
25. It is not what we do once in a while ___________shapes our lives but what we do consistently.
【答案】that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意:塑造我們生活的不是我們偶爾做的事情而是我們經(jīng)常做的事情。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語not what we do once in a while but what we do consistently,這是指物的短語,所以要填that。
Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)選擇(每個1分,共25分)
1.(2021·江蘇高三)There is no doubt________ this candidate’s strength lies in his ability to________ conflicts in the workplace.
A.whether; look into B.if; come up with
C.that, deal with D.that; participate in
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定句型和動詞短語辨析。句意:毫無疑問,這位候選人的優(yōu)勢在于他處理工作場所沖突的能力。第一空為固定句型there is no doubt that…,表示“毫無疑問……”;第二空,A. look into調(diào)查;B. come up with提出;C. deal with處理;D. participate in參加。根據(jù)后文“conflicts in the workplace”可知是指處理沖突的能力,應(yīng)用deal with。故選C。
2.(2021·銀川市第六中學(xué)高三三模)Hearing the cat coming, away ________.
A.ran all the mice B.running all the time
C.a(chǎn)ll the mice ran D.did all the mice run
【答案】A
【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:聽到貓來了,所有的老鼠都跑開了。away是表示方位地點(diǎn)的副詞,置于句首,且主語是名詞時,用完全倒裝,即將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。故選A。
3.(2021·天津耀華中學(xué)高三二模)________ both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.
A.As long as B.Only if C.If only D.Unless
【答案】B
【解析】考查從屬連詞和部分倒裝。句意:只有雙方接受這項(xiàng)協(xié)議,才能在該地區(qū)建立持久的和平。A.As long as只要;B.Only if只有;C.If only要是……多好;D.Unless除非。主句“will a lasting peace be established in this region”使用了部分倒裝,所以從句應(yīng)為only修飾狀語從句,即當(dāng)only修飾狀語放在句首時主句使用部分倒裝,符合的只有選項(xiàng)B。其它三個選項(xiàng)都不符合部分倒裝規(guī)則。且根據(jù)句意,此處是指只有雙方接受這項(xiàng)協(xié)議,才能在該地區(qū)建立持久的和平。故選B。
4.(2021·天津南開區(qū)·南開中學(xué)高三二模)Though________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A.surprising B.to surprise C.being surprised D.surprised
【答案】D
【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意:教授見到我們雖然很驚訝,但還是熱情地歡迎了我們。be surprised to do,對做某事很驚訝,在though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致且含有be的某種形式時,可省略從句的主語和be,本句完整形式為:Though he was surprised to see us,相當(dāng)于省略了he was,故選D。
5.(2021·天津?yàn)I海新區(qū)·高三三模)________is the power of global warming that the climate goes from one extreme to the other.
A.Such B.This C.That D.So
【答案】A
【解析】考查結(jié)果狀語從句。句意:全球變暖的力量如此強(qiáng)大,以至于氣候從一個極端走向了另一個極端。“such...that...”意為“如此……以至于……”,為固定搭配,此處such放在句首主句用部分倒裝。so需要修飾形容詞或副詞。故選A。
6.(2021·天津高三一模)—Will you go to the party?
—Of course I will if ________.
A.invited B.having invited C.I was invited D.I will be invited
【答案】A
【解析】考查省略句。句意:——你會去參加聚會嗎?——如果我被邀請的話,當(dāng)然會去。在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語一致且從句含有be動詞時,可省略從句的主語和be動詞,此處遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,從句完整形式為“if I am invited”,相當(dāng)于省略了I am。故選A。
7.(2021·福建省武平縣第一中學(xué)高三一模)If Tom’s wife won’t go to the party,________.
A.he will either B.neither will he C.he neither will D.either he will
【答案】B
【解析】考查主謂倒裝。句意:如果湯姆的妻子不去聚會,他也不去。 “so+助動詞(情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞)+另一主語”,表示前面的情況也適用于后者;如果前句是否定句,則要用“neither /nor +助動詞(情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞)+主語”。本句的前文為否定,所以后文表示“也是如此”,用neither/nor的倒裝,故選B。
8.(2021·福建省武平縣第一中學(xué)高三一模)Do you think ________ true that ________is hard work that leads to success?
A.it; it B.it; what C.that; it D.what; which
【答案】A
【解析】考查it作形式賓語和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意:你認(rèn)為努力工作會導(dǎo)致成功是真的嗎?分析句子可知,第一空是it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句;第二空是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:it is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that + 句子的其他成分,如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,可以用who代替that,應(yīng)用it。故選A。
9.(2021·福建省武平縣第一中學(xué)高三一模)Only when ________hard________realize your dream of going to a key university.
A.do you study; you can B.you study; you can C.do you study; can you D.you study; can you
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:只有當(dāng)你努力學(xué)習(xí),你才能實(shí)現(xiàn)你去重點(diǎn)大學(xué)的夢想。分析句子可知,only+時間狀語從句位于句首,主句應(yīng)用部分倒裝,從句語序正常。故選D。
10.(2021·山東)—He’s been to China.
—___________ I
A.So am B.Nor have C.So have D.Neither do
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:——他去過中國?!乙踩ミ^。當(dāng)主句表示肯定時,表示“另一主語也是”的倒裝句式為“So+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be+主語”。主句中He's been…為He has been…的縮寫,為現(xiàn)在完成時,答句主語為I,對應(yīng)的助動詞是have。故選C項(xiàng)。
11.(2021·天津市寶坻區(qū)第一中學(xué)高三期末)This discovery helped researchers conclude that these two drugs, when ___ together, could lead to heart disease.
A.taken B.taking C.to take D.having taken
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動詞和省略。句意:這一發(fā)現(xiàn)幫助研究人員得出結(jié)論,當(dāng)這兩種藥物同時服用時,可能會導(dǎo)致心臟病。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處省略主語the two drags,此處表示藥被服用,所以空處需用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài):are taken,此處when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,主語與賓語從句主句一致,且含有be動詞,所以此處be動詞和主語被省略,所以可能從需用過去分詞taken,故選A。
12.(2021·黑龍江牡丹江市·牡丹江一中高三期末)This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ______.
A.to leave untreating B.left untreated
C.leaving untreating D.is left untreated
【答案】B
【解析】考查省略和非謂語動詞。句意:這種疾病如果不治療,可能導(dǎo)致完全失明。根據(jù)句意可知,動詞leave和主語之間是被動關(guān)系, if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句應(yīng)該是if it is left untreated,其中it is被省略,故選B項(xiàng)。
14.(2021·黑龍江哈爾濱市·哈爾濱三中高三期末)He was born in an extended family. His family, is richer than mine.
A.if so B.if anything C.if ever D.if not
【答案】B
【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意:他出生在一個大家庭里。如果要說有什么區(qū)別的話,他家比我家更有錢。A. if so如果是這樣的話;B. if anything如果有什么區(qū)別的話;C. if ever如果有過的話;D. if not如果不。狀語從句省略了it is,根據(jù)后文“is richer than mine”可知是將自己與他進(jìn)行比較,說明二者的區(qū)別是他家比“我家”更有錢。故選B。
15.(2021·黑龍江哈師大附中高三期末)No sooner ____________ these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.
A.had the boy spoken B.has the boy spoken
C.did the boy speak D.was the boy speaking
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒裝。句意:男孩一說出這些話,監(jiān)獄長就用湯匙打他的頭?!皀o sooner ...than...”是一個固定搭配,常引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,主句用過去完成時,“than”后面的從句用一般過去時,意為:一……就,no sooner 放在句首時,主句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),即將過去完成時的助動詞had提前。故選A。
16.(2021·天津市天津中學(xué)高三月考)Never before ____________ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
A.had she B.she had
C.has she D.she has
【答案】C
【解析】考查倒裝。句意:在那以前,她從來沒有看到一個人可能和Robert一樣打乒乓球打得那么好。否定詞never放在句首,主句要部分倒裝,B、D排除,又因?yàn)槭沁^去的情況對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,所以為現(xiàn)在完成時,是第三人稱所以用has,所以用現(xiàn)在完成時,排除A,故選C。
17.(2021·黑龍江實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué))_______ seems to be some disagreement between his words and actions.
A.There B.It C.That D.What
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:他的言行似乎有些不一致。此處為固定句型There seems/appears to be+主語,表示“看上去似乎……;好像有”。故選A。
18.(2021·黑龍江實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué))So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A.the attack did B.did the attack C.the attack was D.was the attack
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒裝句。句意:進(jìn)攻來得太突然,敵人來不及逃跑。在so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中,有時要強(qiáng)調(diào)so所修飾的形容詞或副詞,常將so連同它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提前放在句首,so 后面的句子要使用部分倒裝。sudden是形容詞,應(yīng)該與be動詞搭配使用,且時態(tài)為一般過去時,故應(yīng)將was提前。故選D。
19.(2021·福建省武平縣第一中學(xué)高三一模)If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,________.
A.he will either B.neither will he
C.he neither will D.either he will
【答案】B
【解析】考察主謂倒裝. “so+助動詞(情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞)+另一主語”,表示前面的情況也適用于后者;如果前句是否定句,則要用“neither /nor +助動詞+主語”。句意:如果喬的妻子不去聚會,他也不去.前文為否定,故選B.
20.(2020·黑龍江哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)校)It was ______ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home.
A.repairing B.repaired C.to repair D.in repair
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短語。句意:老人整個上午都待在家里,就是在修理舊鐘。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處為強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)“it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他”,且根據(jù)短語spend time (in) doing sth.,可知此處應(yīng)用repairing,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為repairing the old clock。故選A。
21.(2020·赤峰二中高三月考)When ________ a test, one may feel shaky, sweaty, with his heart beating quickly.
A.having B.have C.had D.having had
【答案】A
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:當(dāng)進(jìn)行測試時,一個人可能會感到顫抖,出汗,心跳加速。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),When ________ a test是時間狀語,“have”與其邏輯主語“one”之間是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,分詞的動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生,用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。此處省略了be動詞,故選A。
22.(2020·河北高三學(xué)業(yè)考試)While ________ dogs, people should not let them loose. Otherwise, they may be dangerous to others.
A.walking B.walked C.having walked D.to walk
【答案】A
【解析】考查狀語從句的省略和現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:遛狗時,人們不應(yīng)該松開它們。否則,它們可能會對其他人造成危險。本句是由While引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致,且狀語從句中有be動詞的時候,可以把從句的主語和be動詞一起省略;本題的walk與后面主語people構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,使用現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)的形式,完整的從句為:While (people are) walking dogs。故選A項(xiàng)。
23.(2020·黑龍江哈師大附中高三期中)He realized that ____there was a time for action, this was it.
A.if ever B.if possible C.if any D.if necessary
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定短語辨析。句意:他意識到,如果要行動的時候,那就是現(xiàn)在。A. if ever如果有過的話;B. if possible如果可能的話;C. if any如果真有的話;D. if necessary如果必要的話。根據(jù)下文there was,這里表示“如果有某物”,A項(xiàng)符合句意,故選A項(xiàng)。
24.(2020·黑龍江哈爾濱三中高三期中)It was ______before I arrived at the cottage the little boy was seized by a stranger of average build.
A.short; when B.only; while C.shortly; that D.just; which
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意:在我到達(dá)小屋前不久,這個小男孩就被一個中等身材的陌生人抓住了。shortly before...“ 在......之前不久”;just before...“就在......之前”;only before...“只有在......之前”。且去掉it was和第二個空格后,仍然是一句完整的話,滿足強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu),所以第二個空填that。兩空結(jié)合,故選C。
25.(2020·天津市濱海新區(qū)塘沽第一中學(xué))I wonder when it was_______you came to realize ________his words meant.
A.that; what B.what; that C.what; what D.that; which
【答案】A
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句及賓語從句。句意:我想知道究竟是什么時候你意識到他所說的話的真正意思是什么。本句是一個多重復(fù)合句。I wonder后是when引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的特殊疑問句,可以復(fù)原為“It was (when) that you came to realize…”以協(xié)助理解,所以空一用強(qiáng)調(diào)句的引導(dǎo)詞that;及物動詞realize后接賓語從句,該從句中動詞meant后的賓語缺失,即空二應(yīng)填入能充當(dāng)meant賓語的疑問詞來引導(dǎo)賓語從句,結(jié)構(gòu)為meant sth.(what),故what正確。故選A。
第12講—特殊句式
時間 :50分鐘 滿分:50分
姓名________________ 得數(shù)___________________
I.語法填空(15分)【江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校2021屆高三第一次聯(lián)考】閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chinese scientists have created the world’s first light-based quantum (量子) computer, called Jiuzhang. It’s 1. breakthrough in the field after Google completed its quantum computer last year. 2. (compare) with today’s best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100,000 billion times faster.
Usually, information 3. (handle) in binary bits (二進(jìn)位) by classical computers, presenting itself as either 0s or 1s. However, quantum computers process data using qubits (量子位), 4. is identified as 0s, 1s or everything in between. As a result, as the number of qubits 5. (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too. Another advantage of Jiuzhang is that it’s 6. (easy) to make and maintain. Superconducting quantum computers must be kept at ultra-cold temperatures 7. (ensure) their materials can conduct electricity without any resistance. But most parts of Jiuzhang can operate at room temperature except its sensory equipment and it must be kept at -29.1℃. With advantages 8. traditional computers, quantum computers have a wide range of 9. (apply). The calculations carried out by Jiuzhang can 10. (potential) be applied to machine learning, quantum chemistry and graph theory.
【答案】1.a(chǎn)2.Compared3.is handled4.which5.increases6.easier7.to ensure8.over9.a(chǎn)pplications
10.potentially
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國科學(xué)家成功創(chuàng)造了世界第一臺光子的量子計算機(jī)“九章”,并介紹了它的操作原理和優(yōu)勢。
1.考查冠詞。句意:谷歌去年完成量子計算機(jī)后, 這是在這一領(lǐng)域的一個突破。分析句子可知,句中“breakthrough”意為“突破,重大進(jìn)展”,為可數(shù)名詞,句中泛指一個突破,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾,breakthrough單詞音標(biāo)的第一個音素為輔音音素,故應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故填a。
2.考查非謂語動詞。句意:與當(dāng)今最好的超級計算機(jī)相比,九章的計算速度快了10萬億倍。分析句子可知,句中有謂語動詞“calculate”且句中無連詞,故應(yīng)用compare的非謂語動詞,compare意為“比較”,動詞詞性,“compare…with…”意為“把……和……進(jìn)行比較”,句子主語Jiuzhang與compare之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用compare的過去分詞compared在句中作狀語,句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Compared。
3.考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:通常,信息是由經(jīng)典計算機(jī)以二進(jìn)制位處理的,表示為0或1。根據(jù)句意和句中“Usually”可知,句子表示的是經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性的動作,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,handle意為“處理”,動詞詞性,句子主語information與handle之間為被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài),information為不可數(shù)名詞,與is連用,handle的過去分詞為handled。故填is handled。
4.考查定語從句。句意:然而,量子計算機(jī)使用量子位處理數(shù)據(jù),量子位被識別為0、1或介于0和1之間的任何東西。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為qubits,指物,在從句中作主語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。故填which。
5.考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:因此,隨著量子位的增加,量子計算機(jī)的計算能力也隨之提高。根據(jù)句意可知,句子為as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,句子陳述的是客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,increase意為“增加”,動詞詞性,句中“the number of”意為“……的數(shù)量”,后接名詞,作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),故空格處應(yīng)用increase的三單形式increases。故填increases。
6.考查形容詞比較級。句意:九章的另一個優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它更容易制作和維護(hù)。根據(jù)句意可知,句子是在介紹九章的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是在把九章和其他計算機(jī)進(jìn)行比較,“更”容易制作和維護(hù),故應(yīng)用比較級,easy意為“容易的”,形容詞詞性,在句中作表語,比較級為easier。故填easier。
7.考查非謂語動詞。句意:超導(dǎo)量子計算機(jī)必須保持在超低溫下,以確保其材料能夠在沒有任何電阻的情況下導(dǎo)電。分析句子可知,句中有謂語動詞“be kept”且句中無連詞,故應(yīng)用ensure的非謂語動詞,ensure意為“確?!保瑒釉~詞性,“確保其材料能夠在沒有任何電阻的情況下導(dǎo)電”是“超導(dǎo)量子計算機(jī)必須保持在超低溫下”的目的,故應(yīng)用動詞不定式作目的狀語,不定式符號to后接動詞原形。故填to ensure。
8.考查介詞。句意:量子計算機(jī)具有傳統(tǒng)計算機(jī)無法比擬的優(yōu)勢,有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)句意可知,句子表示的是“量子計算機(jī)的優(yōu)勢超過傳統(tǒng)計算機(jī)”,故空格處應(yīng)用over,意為“多于,超過”,介詞詞性,“advantages over”意為“優(yōu)于……”。故填over。
9.考查名詞。句意:量子計算機(jī)具有傳統(tǒng)計算機(jī)無法比擬的優(yōu)勢,有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。分析句子可知,句中“a wide range of…”意為“廣泛的”,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),在句中作賓語,apply意為“應(yīng)用”,動詞詞性,對應(yīng)的名詞為application,意為“應(yīng)用”,為可數(shù)名詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式為applications。故填applications。
10.考查副詞。句意:九章所做的計算有可能應(yīng)用于機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)、量子化學(xué)和圖論。分析句子可知,句中“be applied to…”意為“應(yīng)用于……”,為動詞短語,前面應(yīng)用副詞修飾,potential意為“可能的,潛在的”,形容詞詞性,對應(yīng)的副詞為potentially,意為“可能地,潛在地”。故填potentially。
II.應(yīng)用文寫作(10分)
【河北五校聯(lián)盟2022屆新高三(2021年6月)摸底】假如你是學(xué)生會主席李華。你校學(xué)生會將于12月24號下午4點(diǎn)在學(xué)校報告廳舉辦英語短劇大賽。請您根據(jù)以下信息,用英語寫一篇書面通知。要點(diǎn)如下:
1. 活動目的;
2. 參賽要求;
3. 報名時間地點(diǎn)。
注意:1. 寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Notice
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Notice
In order to motivate students to learn English and enrich their after-class lives, an English Short Play Competition will be held in the lecture hall at 4:00 pm, Dec. 24th.
Each class is encouraged to perform one short play. Those who would like to take part in the competition are supposed to sign up in the English teachers' office before Nov. 15th. All the students of our school are welcome to join in this activity. The top six winners of each grade will be given prizes.
Looking forward to your active participation.
The Student Union
【解析】
本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文,要求考生寫一篇書面通知,通知英語短劇大賽的舉行。
1.詞匯積累
激勵:motivate→stimulate
表演:perform→act
參加:take part in→participate in
報名參加:sign up→enroll
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句:In order to motivate students to learn English and enrich their after-class lives, an English Short Play Competition will be held in the lecture hall at 4:00 pm, Dec. 24th.
拓展句:An English Short Play Competition, which is aimed at motivating students to learn English and enrich their after-class lives, will be held in the lecture hall at 4:00 pm, Dec. 24th.
III.讀后續(xù)寫 (25分)
【2021屆湖南省部分學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期5月模擬】閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
“At the beginning of the COVID-19, I went through some painful personal stuff and would often go out at night for long walks because no one was around and I couldn't sleep any-way,” Kelly wrote on Twitter.
“One night I was walking down my street and noticed that someone had set up a few little objects in a tree planter and upon closer inspection, I realized it was a fairy garden with a little note about the 4-year-old girl, Eliana, who felt lonely in quarantine (隔離期) and wanted to spread some cheer.”
Kelly wrote a note to Eliana pretending to be a fairy named Sapphire that had come to live in the tree. “I said I would gift her a magical fairy dice (骰子) if she did 3 things for me,” Kelly said. Kelly put the note in a small bottle filled with glitter and placed it in the garden, unsure if she would get a response.
The next day, she found a handwritten letter from Eliana explaining she had completed all of Sapphire's tasks. Kelly said she immediately burst into tears. “So I left a bunch of my dice that had small imperfections and left her another note and also a little extra note for her parents with my name and phone number so they could contact me and know I wasn't some bad person leaving notes for their small child,” Kelly said.
“Doing this every night gave me purpose in a horribly painful and lonely time,” Kelly said. “I looked forward to my days again and started ordering art supplies and little toys to leave her.”
“We wrote back and forth throughout the last 9 months, helping each other feel less lone-ly and I got to chat with her mom via text to make sure my gifts were a little more personal.”
注意:
1. 續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
The girl's mother told Kelly that they were moving to another city.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The girl's mother preferred Kelly to act as a fairy to say goodbye to her daughter.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The girl's mother told Kelly that they were moving to another city. After that they could no longer run the fairy garden. She had reached an agreement with the community that planned to turn it into a park for local residents to relax in. But her daughter did not want to leave the garden, and she had cried several times. She was even more unwilling to leave her dear fairy. Her mother wanted Kelly to meet her daughter personally. But she wasn't sure how to make her daughter happy.
The girl's mother preferred Kelly to act as a fairy to say goodbye to her daughter. Kelly accepted the girl's mother's request. Then they agreed on a time and a place to meet. On the day of the meeting, Kelly ap-peared in front of the girl dressed like a fairy. The little girl was surprised and delighted to see her. They joined hands and started dancing. She chatted excitedly with Kelly for a long time. Kelly gave her many gifts that she liked. The girl made Kelly promise that Kelly would visit her often.
【解析】
本文以人物為線索展開,講述了主人公Kelly在新冠疫情期間非??鄲灪凸陋?dú),有一天她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個童話花園,里面有一張關(guān)于4歲女孩Eliana的小紙條,她在隔離中感到孤獨(dú)想傳播一些歡樂。于是Kelly假裝是一個住在樹上的名叫Sapphire的仙女,給Eliana留紙條說如果Eliana為她做三件事,就會給她一個神奇的仙女骰子。Eliana為她做了這三件事,于是Kelly就送給了她骰子。她們之間的互動就這樣繼續(xù)下去,互相溫暖了彼此。后來小女孩一家要搬去另一個城市,Kelly以仙女的模樣出現(xiàn)向小女孩告別。
1.段落續(xù)寫:
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“女孩的母親告訴Kelly他們要搬到另一個城市去?!笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼懶∨⒉辉敢怆x開童話花園和她親愛的仙女,于是小女孩的媽媽希望Kelly能見一見她。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“女孩的母親更喜歡Kelly扮演仙女,向女兒道別。”可知,第二段可描寫Kelly接受了女孩的媽媽的要求,扮成仙女出現(xiàn)在女孩面前,小女孩非常興奮和開心。
2.續(xù)寫線索:改造花園——傷心不舍——請求見面——出現(xiàn)——愉快相處——送禮物——承諾
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