【思維導(dǎo)圖】
【判斷推理題微技能】
1．細(xì)節(jié)推斷題
要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判定?？忌挥邪盐瘴恼碌膬?nèi)在關(guān)系，理解文章的真正含義，才可以判斷正確答案。
典題印證
Other rganizatins such as banks ask custmers t sign lng cntracts they may nt read r understand, but Miller believes scial media requires special attentin because it is s new. “We still dn’t knw hw significant the lng-term impact is ging t be f unwise things that kids put n scial media that cme back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.
Andrew Miller thinks scial media needs mre attentin than banks mainly because _______.
A. their users cnsist largely f kids under 20 years ld
B. the language in their cntracts is usually harder t understand
C. the infrmatin they cllected culd becme mre valuable in future
D. it remains unknwn hw users’ data will be taken advantage f
2．文章來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象類推斷題
考生本身要具備一定的常識(shí)，把文章的內(nèi)容與自己所具備的常識(shí)結(jié)合起來(lái)做出正確的判斷。如要對(duì)報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小說(shuō)、童話、廣告、說(shuō)明書、旅游指南、藥品說(shuō)明、操作指南等文章的語(yǔ)言特色，特別是其專用詞匯有基本的了解，根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)言特色和其專用詞匯對(duì)號(hào)入座，快速選出最佳答案。
典題印證
EU members’ states have agreed t ban a txic substance widely fund in clthing because it pses an “acceptable risk” t the envirnment. Cuntries vted in favr f extending existing restrictins n nnylphenl ethxylates (NPE) t imprts f clthing and ther textile prducts.
The measure is intended t prtect species in water. Use f NPE in textile manufacture in Eurpe was banned ver 10 years ag but the substance is still released int the water envirnment thrugh imprted textiles being washed.
A 2011 study by Greenpeace fund NPE in tw-thirds f clthes tested, including items sld by big-name brands such as Adidas, H&M, Lacste, and Ralph Lauren. The NGO (Nn-Gvernmental Organizatins) argued that althugh cncentratins f NPE fund in the clthes were lw, the chemical’s existence in the envirnment psed a risk.
Which sectin f the website des the text cme frm?
A. Lifestyle.B. Technlgy. C. Business. D. Envirnment.
3．寫作意圖類推斷題
要求根據(jù)文章的論述，揣測(cè)作者的寫作意圖。作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí)，客觀地使讀者信服某種想法或觀點(diǎn)。這種題型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同時(shí)還要具備對(duì)作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。判斷文章的寫作目的時(shí)一定要對(duì)文章主題有正確的把握，閱讀時(shí)務(wù)必找準(zhǔn)文章的主旨句，準(zhǔn)確歸納文章主題。
典題印證
If yu are a fruit grwer—r wuld like t becme ne—take advantage f Apple Day t see what’s arund.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s mre like Apple Mnth.The day itself is n Octber 21，but since it has caught n，events nw spread ut ver mst f Octber arund Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a gd chance t see，and ften taste，a wide variety f apples.T peple wh are used t the limited chice f apples such as Glden Delicius and Ryal Gala in supermarkets，it can be quite an eye pener t see the range f classical apples still in existence，such as Deci which was grwn by the Rmans.Althugh it desn’t taste f anything special，it’s still wrth a try，as is the knbbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is mre f a curisity than anything else.
There are als varieties develped t suit specific lcal cnditins.One f the very best varieties fr eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but yu’ll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect sil t grw it，s it’s a pipe dream fr mst apple lvers wh fall fr it.
At the events，yu can meet expert grwers and discuss which nes will best suit yur cnditins，and because these are family affairs，children are well catered fr with apple-themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all srts f places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and cmmercial rchards．If yu want t have a real rchard experience，try visiting the Natinal Fruit Cllectin at Brgdale, near Faversham in Kent.
What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T shw hw t grw apples.
B．T intrduce an apple festival.
C．T help peple select apples.
D．T prmte apple research.
4．態(tài)度傾向類推斷題
考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。要求考生具有在正確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度傾向進(jìn)行分析、識(shí)別的能力。該類型題目的選項(xiàng)一般含有以下三類詞：(1)中性詞：uninterested(不感興趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)等；(2)褒義詞：psitive(積極的)，supprtive(支持的)，humrus(滑稽的)，enthusiastic(熱情的)，admiring(贊賞的)等；(3)貶義詞：disgusted(厭惡的)，critical(批評(píng)的)，negative(否定的，消極的)，disappinted(失望的)等。
典題印證
The cllege years are suppsed t be a time fr imprtant grwth in autnmy(自主性) and the develpment f adult identity.Hwever，nw they are becming an extended perid f adlescence，during which many f tday’s students are nt shuldered with adult respnsibilities.
Fr previus generatins，cllege was a decisive break frm parental cntrl; guidance and supprt needed t cme frm peple f the same age and frm within.In the past tw decades，hwever，cntinued cnnectin with and dependence n family，thanks t cell phnes，email and scial media，have increased significantly.Sme parents g s far as t help with cursewrk.Instead f prmting the idea f cllege as a passage frm the shelter f the family t autnmy and adult respnsibility，universities have given in t the idea that they shuld prvide the same envirnment as that f the hme.
What’s the authr’s attitude tward cntinued parental guidance t cllege students?
A．Sympathetic. B．Disapprving. C．Supprtive. D．Neutral.
附注：英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中表示作者態(tài)度的高頻詞匯
_____
真題演練

1．細(xì)節(jié)推斷題
片段節(jié)選
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
2．文章來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象類推斷題
片段節(jié)選
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作業(yè)) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
3．寫作意圖類推斷題
片段節(jié)選
WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!
We want t prevent serius animal diseases such as ft and muth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever frm spreading t Finland. These and ther animal diseases can be transmitted frm ne cuntry t anther by animals r by meat and dairy prducts even if they are packed fr persnal cnsumptin r intended as gifts. Travelers like yu play an imprtant rle in preventing the spread f animal diseases.
Dn’t bring meat, meat prducts, milk and dairy prducts
frm nn-EU cuntries t Finland!
A ban n persnal imprts applies t meat and dairy prducts brught int Finland by travelers r rdered and sent thrugh the pst. The ban applies t fd stuffs intended fr persnal cnsumptin r as gifts and t pet fd. If yu have fd prducts f animal rigin with yu, thrw them in a waste cntainer in the pint f entry r cntact Custms!
Whm is this ntice intended fr?
A. Fd imprters in Finland. B. Travelers t Finland.
C. Citizens in EU cuntries. D. Medical staff frm nn-EU cuntries.
4．態(tài)度傾向類推斷題
片段節(jié)選
We already have enugh fd, s why create mre that culd be ptentially harmful t us, t the Earth and t all wildlife? I think that the benefits are amazing, but until we knw fr sure hw these fds will affect us, they are nt wrth the risk.
What’s the authr’s attitude twards genetic engineering?
A.welcming B.disapprving C.uncncerned D.ptimistic
_____
好題必測(cè)
2022年6月新高考I卷D篇
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
2022年6月新高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷D篇
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
15. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
2022年1月浙江卷C篇
The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there's a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list.New research fund that middle-aged wmen wh were physically fit culd be nearly 90 percent less likely t develp dementia（失智癥）in later life-and if they did，it came n a decade later than less sprty wmen.
Lead researcher Dr.Helena Hrder, f the University f Gthenburg in Sweden,said:“These findings are exciting because it's pssible that imprving peple's cardivascular（心血管的）fitness in middle age culd delay r even prevent them frm develping dementia.”
Fr the study,191 wmen with an average age f 50 tk a bicycle exercise test until they were tired ut t measure their peak（最大值的）cardivascular capacity.The average peak wrklad was measured at 103 watts.
A ttal f 40 wmen met the criteria fr a high fitness level with a capacity f 120 watts r higher. While 92 wmen were in the medium fitness categry; A ttal f 59 were f lw fitness level ,with a peak wrklad f 80 watts r less,r having their tests stpped because f health prblems.
These wmen were then tested fr dementia six times ver the fllwing fur decades.During that time,44 f the wmen develped dementia.Five percent f the highly fit wmen develped dementia,cmpared t 25 percent f the wmen with medium fitness and 32 percent f the wmen with lw fitness.
"Hwever,this study des nt shw cause and effect between cardivascular fitness and dementia, it nly shws an assciatin.said Hrder. Mre research is needed t see if imprved fitness culd have a psitive effect n the risk f dementia and als t lk at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is mst imprtant." She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied,all f whm were frm Sweden,s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups.
What d we knw abut Dr Hrder's study?
A. It aimed t find a cure fr dementia.
B.Data cllectin was a lengthy prcess.
C.Sme participants withdrew frm it.
D.The results were far frm satisfactry.
2021年6月新高考2卷B篇
I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z, Paris fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn't make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.
I've gt tw children—the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving - but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn't wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.
When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren't there.
I'm nt sad abut it. I'm hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had them.
What did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme?
A. Bring.B. Tiring.C. Cstly.D. Risky.
2021年6月全國(guó)乙卷B篇
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座機(jī)）?
These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes, accrding t a survey（調(diào)查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）—nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn't the nly factr; I'd say it's als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne (using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it).
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A.It remains a family necessity.
B.It will fall ut f use sme day.
C.It may increase daily expenses.
D.It is as imprtant as the gas light.
2021年6月浙江卷C篇
If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can "tell" whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething. Dgs may indeed be able t distinguish between happy and angry human faces, accrding t a new study.
Researchers trained a grup f 11 dgs t distinguish between images（圖像） f the same persn making either a happy r an angry face. During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the persn's face. The researchers then tested the dgs' ability t distinguish between human facial expressins by shwing them the ther half f the persn's face r images ttally different frm the nes used in training. The researchers fund that the dgs were able t pick the angry r happy face by tuching a picture f it with their nses mre ften than ne wuld expect by randm chance.
The study shwed the animals had figured ut hw t apply what they learned abut human faces during training t new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule ut that the dgs simply distinguish between the pictures bused n a simple cue, such as the sight f teeth, " said study authr Crsin Muller. "Instead, ur results suggest that the successful dgs realized that a smiling muth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies t an angry muth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With ur study, we think we can nw cnfidently cnclude that at least sme dgs can distinguish human facial expressins," Muller tld Live Science.
At this pint, it is nt clear why dgs seem t be equipped with the ability t recgnize different facial expressins in humans."T us, the mst likely explanatin appears t be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins, ” and this expsure has prvided them with many chances t learn t distinguish between them, Muller said.
What can we learn abut the study frm paragraph 2?
A.Researchers tested the dgs in randm rder.
B.Diverse methds were adpted during training.
C.Pictures used in the tw stages were different.
D.The dgs were phtgraphed befre the test.
2021年1月浙江卷C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees（黑猩猩）use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a "vcabulary" f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5, 000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
"That's what's s amazing abut chimp gestures, " she said. "They're the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect."
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal's call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling: "Climb n me." The yungster immediately jumps n t its mther's back and they travel ff tgether. "The big message frm this study is that there is anther species（物種）ut there that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that's nt unique t humans, " said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappinting".
"The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins, " she said. "Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains."
What did Dr Shultz think f the study?
A.It was well designed but prly cnducted.
B.It was a gd try but the findings were limited.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methds deserved praise.
2021年6月新高考I卷D篇
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal （情感的） intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and "peple skills." Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis （重視）n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives （視角） frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
2. Why des the authr mentin "dctr" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
A.T explain a rule.
B.T clarify a cncept.
C.T present a fact.
D.T make a predictin.
3.What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A.Favrable. B.Intlerant. C.Dubtful. D.Unclear.
2021年6月全國(guó)甲卷D篇
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender（性別）are "really, really smart." Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are "really, really smart." Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance（毅力）, and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld."
1.What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A.They're unfair. B.They're cnservative. C.They're bjective. D.They're strict.
2.What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A.They think themselves smart.
B.They lk up t great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D.They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs.
_____
題型組合練
1.【河南省九師聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三開學(xué)考】
Talking t smene n a train, bus, r subway can be risky yet exciting, as yu never knw when they’re ging t get ff. Starting a cnnectin can be fun as the csts are fairly lw and yu can easily start and stp a cnversatin, r get ff if things becme awkward. ____36____
Make eye cntact. Making brief eye cntact can shw the persns that yu’re interested and help yu judge whether they are interested in yu. Glance at the persns and try t hld yur gaze (注視) fr just a secnd r tw.____37____If they meet yur gaze, it’s likely psitive. If they lk away quickly r appear disinterested, it’s prbably best nt t apprach.
Smile at the persns. If yu’ve successfully met their gaze, smile at them.
____38____If they smile back, yu’re likely in luck in getting them t talk t yu.
If yu want t start a cnversatin with the persns, smiling is a great way t get smebdy’s attentin.
____39____Make a pint t appear pen, cmfrtable and available. D this by keeping yur arms uncrssed. Stand r sit up straight and shw gd psture (姿勢(shì)). Dn’t crss yur bdy r turn away frm the persns, as these gestures can make yu appear clsed ff r disinterested.
Apprach the persns t start talking t them. ____40____If yu’re far away, mve clser. Yu shuld be a cmfrtable distance where yu can hear each ther yet nt feel awkward if the cnversatin desn’t wrk ut.
A. Use pen bdy language.
B. Mind yur manners while talking.
C. Ntice hw they respnd t yur gaze.
D. Dn’t wrry because yu can fllw sme tips that make yu smile.
E. Once yu’ve read that the persns are interested in chatting, make a mve.
F. A small but sincere smile makes yu appear interested, friendly and apprachable.
G. Therefre, try t get smene’s attentin and start a cnversatin by fllwing the tips.
2.【湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023屆新高三第一次聯(lián)合測(cè)評(píng)】
There are many surces f debate n a lng Tad trip, including rute selectin, the chice f snacks, and, prbably mst imprtantly, what t Play n the radi. Finding a way fr all parties t listen t their wn audi withut the need fr headphnes has been a gal f car makers fr decades, and scientists may have finally managed it.
A team frm the University f Le Mans in France carefully psitined micrphnes, speakers and filters（過(guò)濾器）t create persnalised sund znes (PSZs) inside a car, and the small regins are where sund frm a set f speakers can be heard clearly. Outside these, it can nt be heard.
One barrier which scientists have previusly been unable t vercme was the impact f mving ne’s seat. They were able t frm a PSZ, but unable t mve it t fllw a persn if they mved the seat frwards r backwards.
The French team created a new algrithm(算法) specifically t tackle this issue, which handles the sund waves t create “bright” and “dark” znes in the car. “Ludspeakers are placed in the headrests, and specific filters fr each transducer(換能器) are calculated t reprduce a sund signal that maintains gd quality in the zne under cnsideratin and is strngly weakened in ther znes.” said Dr Lucas Vindrla, the authr f the study. “The key t the technique wrking prperly is having sufficient micrphnes placed arund the car t detect hw many peple are in the car and where they are sitting. The price t pay is t have cntrl micrphnes in the passenger sectin, s that the algrithm can wrk.”
Hwever, the technique is nt yet ready t be cmmercially rlled ut as a luxurius ptinal extra just yet, as it currently wrks nly fr a limited range f frequencies.
28. What was nce a challenge fr scientists?
A. PSZs culd hardly be frmed.
B. The sund f mving a seat is lud,
C. They culdn’t create mvable PSZs.
D. The seats culdn’t be mved back and frth.
29. What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. Hw the impact f mving ne’s seat was addressed.
B. Why enugh micrphnes are placed arund the car.
C. When the algrithm can wrk well fr all passengers.
D. Where “bright” and “dark” znes are created in the car.
30. What can we infer abut the new technique?
A. It currently wrks withut limitatin.
B. It has been put int use cmmercially.
C. It can functin well with enugh micrphnes.
D. It is cstly t detect the psitin f micrphnes.
31. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T launch a new debate.
B. T tackle an ld prblem.
C. T advertise an algrithm.
D. T intrduce a new technlgy.
3.【安徽省皖江名校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考】
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The Laba Festival, als simply called “Laba”, falls n the eighth day f the ____41____ (twelve) mnth f the Chinese lunar year, which mnth is prnunced as “l(fā)a” in Chinese.
Since it is in the last lunar mnth, the festival ____42____ (imply) saying gdbye t the ld and welcming the new, and ften regarded as ____43____ warm-up celebratin fr the upcming Spring Festival.
This festival may date back t the ancient Chinese custm f ____44____ (sacrifice) fferings t the ancestrs. As fr its rigin, ne stry has it ____45____ the Ming emperr Zhu Yuanzhang herded (放牧) the landwner’s cattle when he was a child. He was lcked in a small rm ____46____ ne f the cattle brke its leg and the landwner didn’t give him any fd fr three days. Zhu was starved t death and searched every crner f the rm. He fund a muse hle and ____47____ (dig) ut sme beans, grain and sme ther fd, s he put them tgether ____48____ (make) sme prridge (粥) and fund it delicius.
Later, Zhu Yuanzhang made himself an emperr. When he thught f the delicius prridge he ate in the ____49____ (child), he rdered his servants t ck sweet prridge and shared with the tp fficials. Afterwards, the fficials learned t ck the prridge themselves and intrduced it t the civil sciety. _____50_____ (gradual) eating prridge became a traditinal custm.psitive 肯定的,積極的
passive 被動(dòng)的，消極的
negative 消極的
supprtive 支持的
disapprving 不贊成的
critical 批評(píng)的
cnservative 保守的
suspicius 可疑的，懷疑的
puzzled/ cnfused 困惑的
subjective 主觀的
bjective 客觀的
neutral 中立的
cncerned 關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的
ptimistic 樂(lè)觀的
pessimistic 悲觀的
indifferent 漠不關(guān)心的
uncncerned 不關(guān)心的

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