＊定義＊關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的用法＊限制性定語從句VS非限制性定語從句＊ as引導(dǎo)的定語從句＊常見考點＊解題步驟＊鞏固練習
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句;相當于名詞和形容詞的作用。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。 連接先行詞和從句的詞叫做關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞
eg: D yu knw the man wh spke at the meeting just nw? That is the huse where he lived ten years ag.
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用1、引導(dǎo)作用 2、替代作用 3、在定語從句中擔當某個成分的作用
eg 1 Thse wh want t g please sign yur names here. 2 This is the huse where he was brn. 3 Bill, wh was here yesterday, asked me a lt f questins.
關(guān)系代詞（wh, whm, which, that, whse）的指代關(guān)系
在限制性定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，關(guān)系詞可用which或that，二者?？梢曰Q；但在下列情況中，只能用that，不用which：
(1) 當先行詞是不定代詞all, a lt, few, much, nne, anything, nthing等或被不定代詞all, any, n, much, little, few, every所修飾時。 All that can be dne has been dne. 　We heard clearly every wrd that he said.
(2) 當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時。 　The first thing that shuld be dne is t get the tickets. (3) 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級所修飾時 　Is that the best that yu can d? (4) 當先行詞被 the very, the nly, the next, the last等所修飾時。 This is the very bk that I want t find.
(5) 當先行詞既指人又指物時 　She described in her cmpsitins the peple and places that impressed her mst. (6) 當主句是以which/wh開頭的特殊疑問句時　Which is the car that killed the by? Wh is the girl that is talking there?(7) 在there be 句型結(jié)構(gòu)中 There is still a pint that I can’t understand.(8) 定語從句中缺少表語時 China is nt the cuntry that it used t be.
在限制性定語從句中，當先行詞指人時，關(guān)系詞可用wh(m)或that，二者?？苫Q。 但在下列情況中，用wh(m)，而不用that：
(1) 當先行詞是ne, nes, any, few, anyne, anybdy, smene, smebdy, everyne, everybdy 等詞時 He was amng the few wh managed t live thrugh the enemy prisn camp. 注：在非正式文體中可以說： Yu’re the ne that knws where t g.
(2) 當先行詞是he, they, thse, peple, persn等詞時　He wh wants t catch fish just nt mind getting wet. 注：在固定結(jié)構(gòu)的諺語或習語中，可用he that… He that prmises t much means nthing. (3) 當先行詞有較長的后置定語修飾時。 D yu knw the writer in blue with thick glasses wh is speaking at the meeting?
(4) 在分隔式定語從句中，若先行詞指人，為了明確修飾關(guān)系，應(yīng)當用wh(m)。如： 　A new master will cme tmrrw wh will teach yu German. 　I was the nly persn in my ffice wh was invited. (5) 兩個定語從句同時修飾一個指人的先行詞，第二個定語從句常用wh(m)來引導(dǎo)，如： 　She is the nly girl (that) I knw wh can play the guitar.
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的用法關(guān)系副詞一般都等于一個適當?shù)慕樵~＋which，在從句中作狀語。when= in/at/n/during…+which where= in/at/n/…+which why=fr +which1 D yu still remember the day _____ we went t visit the museum tgether?2 This is the factry ________________ my father nce wrked.3 This is the reasn _______________ he was late.
where / in which
why / fr which
(1)限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。　　 This is the telegram which he refers t. Is there anything (that) I can d fr yu?
(2)非限制性定語從句只是對先行詞作補充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散，因而不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時要有停頓，在文字中通常用逗號與主句隔開?！his nte was left by Tm, wh was here a mment ag.
(3)兩種定語從句的內(nèi)涵不同，限制性定語從句具有涉他性，而非限制性定語從句具有唯一性，這在理解和翻譯時應(yīng)特別注意?！　? His brther, wh is eighteen years ld, is a PLA man. （只有一個） His brther wh is a PLA man is eighteen years ld. （不止一個）
引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：wh, whm, whse, which, as, when 和 where不可以用that和why 另外，非限制性定語從句從意義上講，相當于一個并列句，在口語中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人們通常用并列句或簡單句來表達?！ tld the stry t Jhn, wh later did it t his brther. 　= I tld the stry t Jhn, and he later tld it t his brther.
關(guān)系代詞as可以引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語；引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：such+名詞+as…s+形容詞+名詞+as…the same+名詞+as…
像…一樣的，像…之類的
1 Such peple as yu describe are rare nwadays.2 Let’s discuss nly such questins as cncern every ne f us.3 Wuld yu please buy me the same nvel as yu bught fr brther yesterday, Mum?4 As we all knw, Jhn is an hnest man.5 This is s difficult a prblem as nbdy in my class can wrk ut.
This is such a difficult prblem as nbdy in my class can wrk ut.This is such a difficult prblem that nbdy in my class can wrk it ut.This is s difficult a prblem that nbdy in my class can wrk it ut.
Yur dictinary is the same ne as I bught the ther day.The dictinary is the same ne that I lent yu.
考點1 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用
在選擇引導(dǎo)詞時，重要的是分析一下定語從句的成分，若從句缺主語、賓語、表語，必須用關(guān)系代詞若從句中不缺主語、賓語或表語，必須用關(guān)系副詞
a This is the place ______________ he wrks. This is the place __________ we visited last year.b That was the time _____ he arrived. D yu still remember the days _________ we spent tgether?c This is the reasn _____________ he went. The reasn __________ he gave us was quite reasnable.d His father wrks in a factry _____ radi parts are made. His father wrks in a factry _________ makes radi parts.
(which/that)
考點2 介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
【1】當介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時，關(guān)系代詞 只能用which / whm / whse In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help. Recently I bught an vase, the price f which was very reasnable. Mr Smith, in whse department she wrked, came t see her.
【2】“復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞” 這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用都逗號分開，從句常用倒裝語序 He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which ___________________(聳立一棵大樹).
【3】介詞+which / whm+不定式結(jié)構(gòu) The pr man has n huse in which t live.= The pr man has n huse t live in.= The pr man has n huse in which he can live.
a big tall tree
1. D yu knw the by ___ _____ yur mther is talking?2. I still remember the day ___ ____ I first gt t Paris.3. He gave me sme nvels _____ ______ I am nt very familiar.
This is the child wh/ whm/ that I will lk after.
5. 譯：這是我要照顧的小孩。
4. He gave me sme nvels _____ ______ I am nt very familiar with.
which / that / 不填
7. (06浙江) I was given three bks n cking, the first ______ I really enjyed. A. f that B. f which C. that D. which
6. I recgnized the bss in cmpany my sister was wrking.
3. ______ is knwn t all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybdy in the ffice.
as\that\which1. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift.2. It is such a big stne _____ nbdy can lift it.
歸納：as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句先行詞前常被such, the same, s, as 修飾，即構(gòu)成such…as , the same …as, s…as, 結(jié)構(gòu)，做題時容易忽略。as在定語從句中應(yīng)充當成分：主語、賓語或表語。as 與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，但定語從句位于句首時，只能用 as, 意為“正如、恰如”。
★ as多用于一些習慣用語中：as anybdy can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣as is well knwn = as is knwn t all 眾所周知as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣as ften happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as has been said befre 如上所述as is mentined abve 正如上面提到的
當主句中出現(xiàn)such 或s 時,看后面從句
(1)缺主語或賓語,從句前用as
(2)不缺主語和賓語,從句前用that
當主句中出現(xiàn)the same時, 后面從句缺主語或賓語時與as搭配表同一類事物,與that搭配表同一個事物
在正式文體中，通常以in which或 that 引導(dǎo)，　　The way in which yu answered the questins was admirable. 但在非正式文體中，人們通常省略in which或 that The way (in which) he spke t us was suspicius. I dn’t like the way (that) yu laugh at her.
考點4 the way為先行詞
The way __ yu thught f t slve the prblem is wnderful.A which B in which C whm D whseI dn’t like ___ yu learn English.A the way B the way in thatC the way which D the way f which
1. I’ve cme t the pint where I can’t stand him.2. The cuntry is in the situatin where a war will break ut at any time.
我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。
國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。
where引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是 表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。
考點5一些特殊詞之后的where
解析：如果定語從句分別修飾pint, situatin, part, cnditin和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中” 。
1.We are trying t reach a pint ____ bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk. （06山東） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. ---D yu have anything t say fr yurself? ---Yes, there’s ne pint ____ we must insist n . （06江西） A. why B. where C. hw D. /
做題要靈活：要分析句子成分，選擇恰當?shù)年P(guān)系詞。
1. We feed children _____are hungry. A whm we think B wh we think C we think wh D we think whm2. He made anther wnderful discvery, ____ f great imprtance t science. A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is
考點7 定語從句中的主謂一致
1 I, wh ___ yur husband, shuld be respnsible fr yu. (be)2 He is ne f the students wh ____ been t America. He is the (nly) ne f the students wh ____ been t America. (have)3 T wn a cmputer in families, which we thught____ impssible 20 years ag, nw becmes true. (be)
考點8 what 與 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞which/that
1 Finally, the thief handed everything __ he had stlen t the plice. A which B what C whatever D that2 He came late again, ___ made his teacher very angry. _____ made the teacher angry was that he came late again. _____ made the teacher angry that he came late again. A it B what C which
1 I’ll d everything all /everything I can ___ yu. A help B t help2 They spent as much time as they culd_____ n the prject. A wrk B wrking3 After a heated discussin, they agreed n the way I thught f ___ the prblem. A slve B slving C t slve4 The letter I’m lking frward t ___ this mrning. A arrived B arriving C arrive The thery they stuck t____ right. A prving B prved C was prved
考點9 與定語從句有關(guān)的句子
5 He ften speaks f the truble he ____ helping the rphan. He ften speaks f the truble he ______ t help the rphan. A had B funded C taken D tk6. With everything she needed _____ , she went hme. A buy B t buy C bught
8 There are 55 students in their class, mst f ________ are bys.9 There are 55 students in their class, mst f them ________ bys. 10 There are 55 students in their class _______ mst f them are bys.
where\that1.This is the library_____I brrwed the is frm this library____I brrwed the bk.
3. ---Where did yu last see Mr. Smith? ---It was in the htel____ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when
近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強的綜合分析能力。
1. We all have heard the news_____ ur team wn.2. We dn’t believe in the news _________ he tld us yesterday.
(that/which)
The place ____ the bridge is suppsed t be built shuld be_____ the crss-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江蘇） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which
＊不能無先行詞＊找準先行詞＊看成分判斷關(guān)系詞（主要看在從句中充當什么成分）
1. We shuld g t the place_____ we are mst needed.2. We shuld g t the place_____ needs us mst. A. it B. where C. that D. what
1. It was Octber_____we met in Damia fr the first time. 2. It was in Octber_____we met in Damia fr the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while
1. He is such a gd teacher_____ we all like him. 2. He is such a gd teacher_____ we all like. A. whm B. that C. as D. which
1 He ften helps the students _____ he thinks are nt quick at their studies. A whm B wh?? C when D because 2 This is Mr. Smith, __ I think has smething interesting t tell us. A wh B whm C that D / 3 I will hire the man _____ they say is a gd English speaker. A wh B that C which D whm
1 Is this the museum _____ yu visited the ther day? A. that B. where?? C. in which ??D. the ne 2 Is this museum _____ sme German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where?? C. in which?? D. the ne 3 ---Hw d yu like the bk? ---It’s quite different frm ____ I read last mnth. A. that B. which? ?C. the ne D. the ne what
The news came____ the British Queen’s mther celebrated her 101th birthday in gd health, ___ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as

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