
Sectin A 3 Grammar fcus~4c
Grammar fcus
— What’s the highest muntain in the wrld?— Qmlangma.— Hw high is Qmlangma?— It’s 8,844.43 meters high. It’s higher than any ther muntain.
— Which is the deepest salt lake in the wrld?— The Caspian Sea is the deepest f all the salt lakes.— Did yu knw that China is ne f the ldest cuntries in the wrld?— Yes, I did. It’s much lder than the US.
大多數(shù)形容詞有三個(gè)級(jí)。 1. 原級(jí):Structure : as ... as... 像..….一樣 e.g. Tim is as tall as Tm. 2. 比較級(jí) (用于兩者之間的比較):Structure:形容詞比較級(jí)+ than ... e.g. This bx is bigger than that ne.
形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
3. 最高級(jí)(用于三者或三者以上的比較):Structure: the + 形容詞的最高級(jí)+f / in ... e.g. Tm is the heaviest in ur class.
He is the mst ppular in ur schl.
規(guī)則變化 1) 一般情況下,單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)的形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+er, 最高級(jí)+est。如:clever — cleverer — cleverest few — fewer — fewest small — smaller — smallest 等。
形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化
2) 以e結(jié)尾的詞,比較級(jí)+r,最高級(jí)+st 即可。 如:nice — nicer — nicest cute — cuter — cutest large — larger — largest 3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i+er或est
如: easy — easier — easiest happy — happier — happiest 再如:early, busy, heavy, dirty, lazy 也如此。
4) 重讀閉音節(jié),單輔音結(jié)尾的,雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母+er 或 est的詞:① fat — fatter — fattest ② thin — thinner — thinnest ③ ht — htter — httest ④ wet — wetter — wettest ⑤ big — bigger — biggest
5) 多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)的詞需要在形容詞原級(jí)前+mre 構(gòu)成比較級(jí),+the mst 構(gòu)成最高級(jí)。如: beautiful - mre beautiful - the mst beautiful 又如: delicius, ppular, imprtant, interesting, expensive, creative雙音節(jié)的詞如:
careful - mre careful - the mst careful
useful - mre useful - the mst useful
少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞也是這樣,如: pleased — mre pleased — the mst pleased tired — mre tired — the mst tired b) 不規(guī)則變化: gd — better — best well — better — best bad — wrse — wrst many/much — mre — mst
far — farther —farthest (距離遠(yuǎn)) far — further — furthest (程度深) ld — elder — eldest (長(zhǎng)幼) ld — lder — ldest (年齡)
三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度時(shí),用“the + 最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。例如:Zhang Hua is the tallest f the three.He wrks (the) hardest in his class.
2. 最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及 much,by far,nearly,almst,by n means,nt quite,nt really,nthing like 等詞語所修飾。例如:This hat is by far/much/nearly/almst/nt nearly/by n means/nt quite/nthing like the biggest. Hw much did the secnd mst expensive hat cst?
3. 表示“最高程度”的形容詞,如 excellent,extreme,perfect等,沒有最高級(jí),也不能用比較級(jí)。4. 形容詞最高級(jí)修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時(shí),被修飾的詞往往省略。e.g. He is the tallest (by) in his class.5. 作狀語的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞。e.g. Of all the bys he came (the) earliest.
比較級(jí)考點(diǎn)① 比較級(jí)修飾問題
a little, a bit, even, still, much, a lt, far 等可修飾比較級(jí)。e.g. Tm is a little taller than Jim.
This bk is much mre interesting than that ne.
② 同級(jí)比較e.g. The weather in Beijing is clder than that in Xi’an.
③ the + 比較級(jí)e.g. Lucy is the fatter f the tw girls.
④ “a/an + 比較級(jí)”?表示“又一,再一”e.g. Lily has a dll, but she wants?a bigger ne.⑤ 隱性比較(沒有than的情況)e.g. Wh runs faster, Lucy r Lily?
Yu’d better cme earlier next time.
He wrked hard last term, but he wrks even harder this term.
⑥ 越來越 比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)b. the + 比較級(jí) + 句子,the + 比較級(jí) + 句子e.g. It’s getting clder and clder.
The mre yu exercise, the better yu are.
2. 最高級(jí)考點(diǎn)說明:形容詞的最高級(jí)前必須加the;副詞的最高級(jí)前省略the。① 范圍問題e.g. Tm is the tallest student in the class.
Spring is the best seasn f the year.
② “之一”問題e.g. Beijing is ne f the biggest cities in the wrld.③ “the + 序數(shù)詞 + 最高級(jí)”e.g. I think he is the secnd tallest by in his class.
3. 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換e.g. Tm is the tallest student in the class.= Tm is taller than any ther student in the class.= Tm is taller than all the ther students in the class.= N ther students are taller than Tm.
總結(jié):① any ther + 名詞單數(shù)? ?? ? the ther + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) ② 否定 + 比較級(jí) = 最高級(jí)? ?? ? 比較級(jí) + 極限 = 最高級(jí)
同級(jí)比較① as + adj./adv. + as e.g. She is as thin as Lily. He writes as carefully as Linda.② nt + as/s + adj./adv. + as e.g. Tny didn’t run s fast as Carter.
1. Our family has bught a car s we can travel _____ than befre.(2008陜西) ?? mst easily? ? B. less easily? ?C. easily? ? D. mre easily??2. My father tld me a stry last night. It is ____ ne I’ve ever heard.(2009陜西) ?? the funniest? ? B. funniest? ?C. funnier? ? D. the funnier? ?
3. The _____ friends yu have, the ____ yu will be.(2010陜西) ? ?? ?? ???A. mre, happy? ? B. many, happy? ?C. mre, happier? ?D. many, happier 4. When he heard a cry fr help, he ran ut as _______ as he culd.(2011陜西) hardly? ?? ? B. quickly? ?? ?C. finally? ?? ? D. slwly
5. This place is nt big enugh fr Lucy’s birthday party. We shuld find a _____ ne.(2012陜西) ?? big? ?? ?? ?? ??? B. small? ?? ?? ?C. bigger? ?? ?? ?? ? D. smaller
Fill in the blanks with the crrect frms f the wrds in the bx.
big much ppular lng ld high
1. The Amazn River is ne f the _______ rivers in the wrld. It’s a little _______ than the Yangtze River.2. Qmlangma is 8,844.43 meters _____. It’s ne f the mst ________ places fr serius muntain climbers.
3. N cean in the wrld is as _____ as the Pacific Ocean.4. Althugh Japan is _______ than Canada, it is _______ smaller.
Write tw cmparisns abut tw tpics. Write true facts.
Tw rivers: _________________ and ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Yangtze River is almst as lng as the Amazn River.The Amazn is lnger than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze River is the lngest river in China.
the Yangtze River
the Amazn River
Tw cities: ___________ and ___________1. _______________________________. 2. _______________________________ .
Tw animals: ___________ and ___________1. _______________________________. 2. _______________________________ .
Write five questins using cmparisns. Then ask yur partner yur questins.
1. _________________________________2. _________________________________3. _________________________________4. _________________________________5. _________________________________
What is the highest building in ur city?
1. — Which is ____ seasn in Beijing? — I think it’s autumn. A. gd B. better C. best D. the best 2. — Which is ____, the sun, the mn r the earth? — The mn is. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
3. I study English as ____ as my brther. A. hard B. harder C. hardest 4. Which is ____, a bicycle r a cmputer? A. expensive B. mre expensive C. the mst expensive 5. The Yellw River is ne f ______ rivers in China. A. lng B. lnger C. the lngest
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