專題43 概要寫作高分技巧與演練 -2022年高考英語畢業(yè)班二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練（新高考專用）-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

概要寫作是對原文的高度濃縮，是閱讀者在不改變原文的中心思想、體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下用簡潔、精煉的語言表述一篇文章的主要內(nèi)容、基本觀點或事實。它主要包括閱讀和寫作兩個過程。
一、思維導圖
二、概要寫作評分標準及解讀
（1）總結(jié)
1.簡潔性：即用盡量少的語言對較長原文的簡潔重述；
2.自主性：即用自己的話語進行概寫，避免對原文進行抄襲照搬；
3.理解性：即表現(xiàn)作者對原文本的精準理解。需要注意的是，考生不能對原文進行解釋和評論，也不能摻雜任何個人想法，或做出任何評判，因此不能出現(xiàn)“I believe”, “I think”等字句；
4.忠實性：即概寫內(nèi)容和中心思想必須忠于原文主旨，不可偏離主題、肆意篡改；
5.連貫性：概要寫作并非簡單羅列要點，各個要點之間要有恰當銜接，使概要銜接緊密、脈絡(luò)清晰。寫出的概要讀起來要完整連貫、獨立成篇。
（2）評分原則
1. 本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。
2. 評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。
3. 詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。
4. 評分時，應(yīng)主要從以下四個方面考慮：
(1) 對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；
(2) 應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準確性；
(3) 上下文的連貫性；
(4) 對各要點表達的獨立性情況。
5. 拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應(yīng)視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。
6. 如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分數(shù)降低一個檔次。
（3）高考真題與樣卷特點
三、四步突破法
第1步：讀懂原文，明確篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
寫概要之前，一定要先通讀原文，確定文章的體裁和主題。在正確把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明確原文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)意義劃分文中的自然段，意義段的數(shù)量對應(yīng)的就是要點的數(shù)量。
[提醒] 一個自然段不一定是一個要點，有時幾個自然段說明一個要點，有時一個自然段包含數(shù)個要點。
第2步：去次留精，提煉關(guān)鍵信息
·明確全文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)后，就要處理原文的內(nèi)容，目的是保留主要內(nèi)容，刪除次要內(nèi)容。
·先找出主題句，同時標注與主題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，最后歸納的要點往往是這些詞句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
·原文描述性的語言、細節(jié)性的信息如列舉數(shù)字和列舉的事例等無須在概要中一一列出。
第3步：歸納要點，合理轉(zhuǎn)換表達
明確每個意義段的關(guān)鍵信息后，接下來應(yīng)用自己的語言準確地表達各意義段的要點。為避免和原文的句子重復，可利用同義轉(zhuǎn)述和句式轉(zhuǎn)換這兩種形式歸納要點。各要點的詞數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)文中對應(yīng)內(nèi)容的篇幅來定，分清主次。
轉(zhuǎn)換表達注意遵循2個原則
①不增不減不曲：客觀精準地表述原文要點，不增添不屬于原材料的信息或刪減原材料關(guān)鍵信息或改變原材料所表達的意思。
②不繁：在正確理解原文的前提下，用簡潔的語言表達與所給材料一致的信息。
第4步：句式多樣，注意過渡銜接
在概要中合理使用非謂語、從句和特殊句式等使句式豐富多樣，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)不可過長，也不要用太復雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。同時選用適當?shù)倪^渡銜接詞銜接上下文，保證概要部分內(nèi)容的連貫性。
【策略演示】
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
(2018年11月，浙江卷)It's a really eq \a\vs4\al(gd idea) t eq \a\vs4\al(visit clleges) befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus (校園) like visiting_and_seeing_fr_yurself_the_drms,_classrms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_f_curse,_the_students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if eq \a\vs4\al(the schls yu are applying t) eq \a\vs4\al(happen t be mre than a car ride away). But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There's eq \a\vs4\al(n excuse) nt t eq \a\vs4\al(visit) the eq \a\vs4\al(schls) in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn't be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, eq \a\vs4\al(g t check it ut)！
If campus visits aren't ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld eq \a\vs4\al(find sme time) between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t eq \a\vs4\al(visit) the eq \a\vs4\al(schls) yu'd like t attend. It_can_save_yu_a_lt_f_heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn't like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn't knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then eq \a\vs4\al(check ut) the eq \a\vs4\al(nline cllege fairs) at CllegeWeekLive. It's a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顧問), and it wn't cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can't take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu'd like t attend.
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【思路點撥】
第1步讀懂原文，明確篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
原文是說明文，為確保精彩的大學生活，在申請大學前應(yīng)抽時間提前了解大學。
第1段：提出觀點——在你上大學之前，要親眼看看想申請的大學。
第2段：一定要去看看當?shù)氐拇髮W。
第3段：如在申請之前沒去過，在申請之后或得到錄取通知書之前，一定要去大學看看。
第4段：如果無法親自參觀，登錄網(wǎng)站了解相關(guān)信息。
分析各段主旨可判斷，文章第1～2段是一個意義段，3～4段分別是2個意義段，故原文3個意義段可歸納為3個要點。
第2步去次留精，提煉關(guān)鍵信息
本文關(guān)鍵信息已在文中用畫線和陰影形式體現(xiàn)，其中畫線詞為與主題句相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵信息，其他則為次要信息。
第3步歸納要點，合理轉(zhuǎn)換表達
采用同義轉(zhuǎn)述、句式轉(zhuǎn)換等方法靈活準確歸納要點，如：
①第一段主題句和第二段主題句可概括為要點1：該要點中的“gd idea”可用wise chice轉(zhuǎn)述；“in yur lcal area”可轉(zhuǎn)換為 where yu live。
②第三段主題句可概括為要點2: 該要點中的“visiting and seeing fr yurself”可轉(zhuǎn)換為pay a persnal visit。
③第四段主題句可概括為要點3：該要點中的“time and mney are making it impssible”可轉(zhuǎn)換為all the abve is nt affrdable。
第4步句式多樣，注意過渡銜接
句式要多樣，可利用非謂語動詞和狀語從句，豐富概要部分的句式。
【參考范文】
As a senir year student, it's a wise chice t visit wuld-be clleges near where yu live befre attending them fr seeing is believing. (要點1) Yu shuld find a chance t pay a persnal visit even at yur waiting in case yu feel disappinted afterwards. (要點2)If all the abve is nt affrdable, yu are advised t search the nline cllege fair at CllegeWeekLive where yu can get the necessary infrmatin. (要點3)
三、高考真題
2019年6月浙江卷
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, authr f The A t Z Guide t Raising Happy and Cnfident Kids, says, "We've gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when parents tended t be mre strict." By giving kids a lt f praise, parents think they're building their children's cnfidence, when, in fact, it may be just the ppsite. T much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid t try new things r take a risk fr fear f nt being able t stay n tp where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, dn't g t far in the ther directin. Nt giving enugh praise can be just as damaging as giving t much. Kids will feel like they're nt gd enugh r that yu dn't care and, as a result, may see n pint in trying hard fr their accmplishments.
S what is the right amunt f praise? Experts say that the quality f praise is mre imprtant than the quantity. If praise is sincere and fcused n the effrt nt the utcme, yu can give it as ften as yur child des smething that deserves a verbal reward. "We shuld especially recgnize ur children's effrts t push themselves and wrk hard t achieve a gal, " says Dnahue, authr f Parenting Withut Fear: Letting G f Wrry and Fcusing n What Really Matters. "One thing t remember is that it's the prcess nt the end prduct that matters."
Yur sn may nt be the best basketball player n his team. But if he's ut there every day and playing hard, yu shuld praise his effrt regardless f whether his team wins r lses. Praising the effrt and nt the utcme can als mean recgnizing yur child when she has wrked hard t clean the yard, ck dinner, r finish a bk reprt. But whatever it is, praise shuld be given n a case-by-case basis and be prprtinate （相稱的）t the amunt f effrt yur child has put int it.
參考答案：
Nwadays, parents tend t ffer cnsiderate praise t their children, hping t bst their cnfidence, but it may prduce the ppsite effect. Hwever, n praise frm parents als des harm t their self-cnfidence. Therefre, experts claim that sincere praise shuld be given fr the prcess nt fr the result. Meanwhile, kids d deserve praise if they strive t d their duty. Anyway, the amunt f praise yu have depends n hw hard they wrk.
解析：
明確文章的主旨思想，通過給出的具體事例進行提煉，本篇文章主要表達親子關(guān)系中，贊美的重要性，通過事例對比，得出我們需要重視贊美，表達對孩子的認可。
2018年11月浙江卷
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
It's a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus （校園） like visiting and seeing fr yurself the drms, classrms and athletic equipment and, f curse, the students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if the schls yu are applying t happen t be mre than a car ride away. But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There's n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn't be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, g check it ut!
If campus visits aren't ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu'd like t attend. It can save yu a lt f headache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn't like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn't knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at Cllege WeekLive. It's a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs （顧問）, and it wn't cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive. cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can't take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu'd like t attend.
參考答案
It's really wrthwhile t pay a visit t their desired clleges persnally befre applying. Undubtedly, students shuld visit their lcal clleges, which may be included in applicatins. At least, they shuld visit the schl and figure ut its real cnditins in advance. Fr students wh are shrt f mney and time, registering nline is a gd alternative t help them better understand schls.
考試說明樣卷
Getting rid f dirt, in the pinin f mst peple, is a gd thing. Hwever, there is nthing fixed abut attitudes t dirt.
In the early 16th century, peple thught that dirt n the skin was a means t blck ut disease, as medical pinin had it that washing ff dirt with ht water culd pen up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thugh t lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had clsed the bath huses in his kingdm. S did the king f England in 1546. Thus began a lng time when the rich and the pr in Eurpe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King f France, was famusly dirty. Upn learning that a nbleman had taken a bath, the king rdered that, t avid the attack f disease, the nbleman shuld nt g ut.
Thugh the belief in the merit (好處) f dirt was lng-lived, dirt has n lnger been regarded as a nice neighbr ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is gd t health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means f preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards f cleanliness have mved beynd science since Wrld War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clthes need t be whiter than white, clths ever sfter, surfaces t shine. Has the hate fr dirt, hwever, gne t far?
Attitudes t dirt still differ hugely nwadays. Many first-time parents nervusly try t warn their children ff tuching dirt, which might be respnsible fr the spread f disease. On the cntrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunlgist (免疫學家), encurages children t play in the dirt t build up a strng immune system. And the latter (后者) psitin is gaining sme grund.
參考答：
Attitudes twards dirt have been changing ver time. In the 16th century, peple believed that dirt n the skin helped prtect against disease. Since the 18th century, hwever, peple have develped the belief that cleaning away dirt can prevent disease. Tday, althughattitudes t dirt still differ sharply, mre and mre peple chse t believe that playing in the dirt can help build up a strng immune.(60 wrds)

四、模擬演練
1
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
It is imprtant that yu teach yur baby t read at an early age. Why? Obviusly, being able t read is the basis fr any successful educatin, s the earlier they start, the better. All t ften, parents leave educating their children up t schls, which prbably explains why the United States is currently ranked 18th in its rate f reading and writing.
Teaching yur baby t read prvides brain exercise and it has als been shwn t increase the baby’s IQ because there is simply n better time in a persn’s life fr learning than when they are babies. During this time, their brains are develping rapidly. The sner they begin t read, the sner they can begin t learn ther subjects. This way, by the time yur children begin schl, they will already knw what’s being taught, and will be put n the fast track. Maybe they will even skip a grade dwn the rad. One f the cases was 17-mnth-ld Elizabeth Barrett wh drew public’s attentin. She was given a series f wrds and even sentences that she culd read quite well. Her parents had been reading t her since she was brn and had prvided her with a very early educatin.
Reading is the mst imprtant thing t teach babies at a yung age. It desn’t have t be stressful r difficult fr yur child. Learning can be fun at such an early age, and it can be accmplished s easily that they wn’t have t struggle in rder t learn.
If yu’re interested in teaching yur baby t read，the best way t start is by spending just a few minutes every day. Flash cards are a helpful tl. Simply shw yur baby matching picture n the ppsite side. There are als vides that help t teach babies t read. There is n better time t teach yur baby t read than the present.
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【參考范文】
Teaching yur baby t read as yung as pssible is crucial wing t the necessity f btaining gd educatin. (要點一) It needs starting as sn as pssible because babies’ intelligence will be imprved when their brains develp fast. (要點二)Imprtant as it is, relaxatin and easiness culd be brught int the learning prcess. (要點三)Therefre, fr peple keen n teaching babies t read, it is high time t begin with sparing sme time regularly with effective teaching materials. (要點四)
【寫作分析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹說，為了獲得良好的教育，讓你的孩子從小就學會閱讀是非常重要的。這需要盡快開始，因為嬰兒的智力會隨著大腦的快速發(fā)展而提高。重要的是，放松和輕松可以被帶入學習過程。因此，對于那些熱衷于教寶寶閱讀的人來說，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該從定期抽出一些時間來閱讀有效的教材開始。
1.要點摘錄
①It is imprtant that yu teach yur baby t read at an early age. Why? Obviusly, being able t read is the basis fr any successful educatin, s the earlier they start, the better.
②Teaching yur baby t read prvides brain exercise and it has als been shwn t increase the baby’s IQ because there is simply n better time in a persn’s life fr learning than when they are babies.
③Learning can be fun at such an early age, and it can be accmplished s easily that they wn’t have t struggle in rder t learn.
④If yu’re interested in teaching yur baby t read，the best way t start is by spending just a few minutes every day.
⑤There is n better time t teach yur baby t read than the present.
2.縝密構(gòu)思
要點二和要點三之間形成因果關(guān)系，整合四、五要點
3.遣詞造句
①Teaching yur baby t read as yung as pssible is crucial wing t the necessity f btaining gd educatin.
②It needs starting as sn as pssible because babies’ intelligence will be imprved when their brains develp fast.
③Imprtant as it is, relaxatin and easiness culd be brught int the learning prcess.
④Therefre, fr peple keen n teaching babies t read, it is high time t begin with sparing sme time regularly with effective teaching materials.
【范文點評】
[高分句型1]Teaching yur baby t read as yung as pssible is crucial wing t the necessity f btaining gd educatin. （teaching為動名詞作主語，用一個簡單句總結(jié)了原文第一段的內(nèi)容）
[高分句型2]Imprtant as it is, relaxatin and easiness culd be brught int the learning prcess.（用as引導讓步狀語從句，總結(jié)文章第三段的內(nèi)容）
2
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
The manta ray is ne f the largest fishes in the wrld, reaching up t 29 feet in width. And manta rays are sme f the friendliest creatures. They allw divers t swim right up t them. Unfrtunately, these gentle animals are in big truble. Since 2011, manta rays have been listed as a threatened species wrldwide.
Overfishing is cnsidered the biggest threat t giant manta numbers, bth intentinal and accidental. Peple catch manta rays fr their gill plates — the parts thrugh which they filter their fd frm seawater — are sld in China fr medical purpses. Driven by the huge demand, fishermen have hunted them mercilessly. Frm 2010 t 2013, the number f rays killed annually t supply the gill plate market tripled t 150,000. Clearly, verfishing is bad fr any sea creature, but it’s even wrse fr giant manta rays. Female mantas usually have nly ne baby, every tw t five years. S every manta ray that was caught hurts the ppulatin in a big way.
T prtect giant manta ppulatin, Peru, a cuntry in Suth America, recently tk a big step t prtect giant manta rays. It banned fishing fr them. Peple wh break the law can be fined r have their fishing licenses taken away. Even manta rays caught accidentally in fishing nets must be released. Althugh ther cuntries have passed laws t prtect manta rays, Peru’s may be the mst imprtant ne yet, because there are mre giant manta rays in the Pacific Ocean near Peru than in any ther place in the wrld.
Scientists wrking in the Manta Trust, an rganizatin that researches manta rays, are als trying t prtect manta rays by learning mre abut them. Earlier this year, the rganizatin attached vide cameras, called Crittercams, t manta rays ff the west cast f Mexic. The phts the cameras cllect culd help researchers predict where and when manta rays swim. The scientist culd use the infrmatin t warn fishing bats t avid these areas, helping reduce the number f accidentally caught manta rays.
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【參考范文】
Thugh being large and friendly, the giant manta ray are in danger.(要點1) Due t its medical value and huge prfit, manta rays are ver-hunted, which can be mre detrimental fr the species given its lw prductivity.(要點2) T save the endangered species, the Peru gvernment has taken the initiative, carrying ut strict laws.(要點3) Besides, scientists are making attempts t prtect manta rays thrugh gaining mre knwledge f them.(要點4)
【寫作分析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹說，盡管巨大的蝠鲼又大又友好，但它們正處于危險之中。由于它的醫(yī)療價值和巨大的利潤，蝠鲼被過度獵殺，考慮到它的低生產(chǎn)力，這可能對這個物種更有害。為了拯救瀕危物種，秘魯政府采取了主動，實施了嚴格的法律。此外，科學家們正試圖通過更多地了解蝠鲼來保護它們。
1 要點摘錄
①The manta ray is ne f the largest fishes in the wrld, reaching up t 29 feet in width. And manta rays are sme f the friendliest creatures. Unfrtunately, these gentle animals are in big truble.
②Overfishing is cnsidered the biggest threat t giant manta numbers, bth intentinal and accidental. Peple catch manta rays fr their gill plates — the parts thrugh which they filter their fd frm seawater — are sld in China fr medical purpses.
③T prtect giant manta ppulatin, Peru, a cuntry in Suth America, recently tk a big step t prtect giant manta rays. It banned fishing fr them. Peple wh break the law can be fined r have their fishing licenses taken away.
④Scientists wrking in the Manta Trust, an rganizatin that researches manta rays, are als trying t prtect manta rays by learning mre abut them.
2.縝密構(gòu)思將第1個要點進行總說，將第2、3、4三個要點進行分說。
3.遣詞造句
Thugh being large and friendly, the giant manta ray are in danger.
Due t its medical value and huge prfit, manta rays are ver-hunted, which can be mre detrimental fr the species given its lw prductivity.
T save the endangered species, the Peru gvernment has taken the initiative, carrying ut strict laws.
Besides, scientists are making attempts t prtect manta rays thrugh gaining mre knwledge f them.
【范文點評】
[高分句型1] Due t its medical value and huge prfit, manta rays are ver-hunted, which can be mre detrimental fr the species given its lw prductivity.運用一個復雜的主從復合句對原文第二段進行了概括，其中which引導非限制性定語從句。
[高分句型2] T save the endangered species, the Peru gvernment has taken the initiative, carrying ut strict laws.用不定式作目的狀語對第三段進行了概括。
3
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Parents always want the best fr their children and giving them; the best educatin is always n tp f the list. But if yu think educatin is all they need, maybe yu shuld think twice. Sure, yu learn a lt f things in schl, but there are imprtant lessns and skills yu will need in life that ne can nly learn at hme. Therefre, teaching the children t d husehld chres is very helpful in their grwth. Mst families nwadays hire husemaids t d the chres, s children dn’t get t experience ding it anymre. But studies argue that it’s still necessary t let children d them.
Helping at hme can be a training place fr yur children t whatever respnsibilities they may have in the future. By ding s, they can learn what might be f their advantage when they grw up. “Perfrming chres ffers kids a feeling f self-sufficiency, helps them develp a wrk ethic, is tied t academic success in schl, makes them feel useful and teaches them the imprtance f helping thers and cntributing t the greater gd.”
Althugh, mst parents can als argue that it is nt easy t frce their children t d chres. It is a nature fr the children t refuse t d chres when they are tld t. But there are ways that can turn husehld chres int a mre likely activity fr the children. First, start them yung. This desn’t mean that yu let yur children d huge tasks at an early age. Yu can gradually increase the level f tasks as they grw ld but never ever push them t hard. Secnd, appreciate every little achievement. Praise them r give them smething. Children lve rewards and it drives them t d better.
Mst imprtantly, let them knw that asking them t help-ut is nt a punishment. Chres shuld never be used as a punishment. They might get dne in the shrt term, but the effects wn’t last. This apprach des nt give the child the feeling f ding smething because it is the right thing t d. It nly makes them hate chres and hping ut even mre. Chres shuld be used as a sense f purpse. Explain t them that it is fr their benefit and everything they learn frm it is fr their advantage.
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【參考范文】
Teaching children t d husehld chres is very helpful in their grwth, which can make hme a training place fr yur children t whatever respnsibilities they may have in the future. Althugh it’s hard t frce children t d chres, there are ways that can turn husehld chres int a mre likely activity fr the children. But mst imprtantly, chres shuld be used as a sense f purpse instead f a punishment.
【寫作分析】
本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了讓孩子學做家務(wù)對于孩子成長的重要性，它可以培養(yǎng)孩子的責任心，同時，要運用合理的方式鼓勵孩子學做家務(wù)，而不是將做家務(wù)作為懲罰，要讓做家務(wù)成為一種使命感。
1.要點摘錄
①Therefre, teaching the children t d husehld chres is very helpful in their grwth.
②Helping at hme can be a training place fr yur children t whatever respnsibilities they may have in the future.
③Althugh, mst parents can als argue that it is nt easy t frce their children t d chres.
④But there are ways that can turn husehld chres int a mre likely activity fr the children.
⑤Mst imprtantly, let them knw that asking them t help-ut is nt a punishment.
⑥Chres shuld be used as a sense f purpse.
2.縝密構(gòu)思
將第①、②兩個要點進行整合；將第③、④兩個要點進行整合；將第⑤、⑥兩個要點進行整合。
3.遣詞造句
Teaching children t d husehld chres is very helpful in their grwth, which can make hme a training place fr yur children t whatever respnsibilities they may have in the future.
Althugh it’s hard t frce children t d chres, there are ways that can turn husehld chres int a mre likely activity fr the children.
But mst imprtantly, chres shuld be used as a sense f purpse instead f a punishment.
【范文點評】
[高分句型1] Teaching children t d husehld chres is very helpful in their grwth, which can make hme a training place fr yur children t whatever respnsibilities they may have in the future.運用一個復雜的主從復合句對原文第一段和第二段進行了概括。其中which引導的非限制性定語從句等表達高級。
[高分句型2]：Althugh it’s hard t frce children t d chres, there are ways that can turn husehld chres int a mre likely activity fr the children. 用althugh引導讓步狀語從句對第三段進行了概括，且句中“that”引導定語從句修飾先行詞“ways”，表達非常高級。
4
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Bees are very strange creatures. They have their wn way f telling each ther that they have fund a new flwer. They bring sme f its nectar (花蜜) back hme and then d a little dance that shws where the flwer is and hw far away it is.
In autumn the wrker bees g ut and cllect as much nectar and pllen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return t make hney and stre it fr the lng cld winter.
Bees build their wn huses but they d nt always have rund tps like peple draw them in strybks. They are usually five streys high. The queen bee always has the bttm strey. In between the bttm strey and all the rest there are bars nly just wide enugh fr the wrkers t pass thrugh. The queen bee can never g up t the ther flrs because she is bigger than all the ther bees. The streys the queen can’t enter are where the stre rms are. There are rms fr pllen, nectar and ryal jellies (蜂王漿). If there is a fire the wrkers have t cver the walls and entrance f the rms. They have t mve the hney and the nectar and pllen away frm the ht walls f the rm.
The queen is the nly that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drne. Once the queen has laid the eggs she thrws the drne ut because a drne just sits arund eating hney and nectar. He cannt g ut and cllect pllen because drnes d nt have pllen-carrying things n their legs like the wrkers have.
Yung bees are called nurses because they have t nurse the newbrn bees whether they like it r nt. What a bee ends up being when it grws up depends n what it eats. If it is t be a queen it must feed n ryal jellies and it must never, ever set eyes n anther queen. If it des they must fight till nly ne f them is still alive.
【參考范文】
Bees are weird animals and have a unique way t cmmunicate with ne anther. (要點1) Wrker bees wrk tirelessly t stre fd. (要點2) Unlike wrker bees, the relaxing queen bee takes up the bttm strey f the five-strey huse. (要點3) She even deserts the drne after she finishes using him. (要點4) Same as wrker bees, yung bees need t wrk t care fr newbrn bees, but they can nly leave their futures t what they eat. (要點5)
【寫作分析】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹蜜蜂家族生存習性、不同分工及蜂房布局。
1 要點摘錄
1）Bees are very strange creatures. They have their wn way f telling each ther that they have fund a new flwer.
2）In autumn the wrker bees g ut and cllect as much nectar and pllen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return t make hney and stre it fr the lng cld winter.
3）They are usually five streys high. The queen bee always has the bttm strey.
4）The queen is the nly that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drne.
5）Yung bees are called nurses because they have t nurse the newbrn bees whether they like it r nt.
2.縝密構(gòu)思
將1、2、3、4、5段各概括為一個要點，共5個要點。
3.遣詞造句Bees are weird animals and have a strange way t cmmunicate with each anther.
Wrker bees wrk very hard t stre fd.
Unlike wrker bees, the relaxing queen bee always takes up the bttm strey f the five-strey huse.
She even thrws the drne ut after she finishes using him.
Yung bees need t wrk t care fr newbrn bees, but they can nly leave their futures t what they eat.
【范文點評】
[高分句型1] Unlike wrker bees, the relaxing queen bee takes up the bttm strey f the five-strey huse.運用介詞短語作狀語，對第三段內(nèi)容進行概括，簡練明白。
[高分句型2]She even deserts the drne after she finishes using him.運用含有時間狀語從句的復合句對第四段內(nèi)容進行高度概括。
[高分句型3]Same as wrker bees, yung bees need t wrk t care fr newbrn bees, but they can nly leave their futures t what they eat. 運用文章紐帶銜接詞but，以及名詞性從句what they eat將第五段進行高度概括。
5
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Cllege students need textbks t help them learn and earn an academic degree. Hwever, n tp f tuitin, rm and bard and meals, why are textbks s expensive? Textbks cver many areas f knwledge. They are prepared specifically with a lt f infrmatin that include many riginal pictures, special charts, and specific data. Textbks are extremely useful t students fr learning and prfitable fr the cmpanies that publish them. While textbks can be a financial burden n the student, they can be prfitable fr a bk scuter (偵察員).
A bk scuter is an pprtunist wh buys cheap used bks at thrift stres (二手店) r bk sales, and sells them fr mre mney. Brand new textbks are the mst desired f bks fr scuters since they typically cst ver $100. Of curse, used textbks dn’t cst as much. But when the scuter ges t a thrift stre and bk sales at libraries, textbks can cst as little as several dllars. S, buying used textbks that are new is ne f the mst prfitable bks that sellers can buy.
Unfrtunately, many cllege textbk editins change every year, which eliminates (消除) the student’s chance t use last year’s editin. S, they will have t pay mre mney fr brand new textbks. The sad reality is that very few changes are generally made between editins.
Bk scuters search fr textbks as well as ther categries f bks available at lcal thrift stres r bk sales. Textbks that are new r relatively new are marked dwn t just a few dllars. Then they can be sld n Amazn fr ptentially high prfits. Amazn buys new textbks fr a lt mre mney than mst ther types f bks. If yu want t try scuting textbks t make a prfit, buy their newest editins r the nes ahead f them. Buy it in the best cnditin pssible. If yu live in a twn r city where there is a university, yu have a better chance f finding gd textbks.
Althugh textbks can be expensive fr the average student, he r she culd ptentially sell them n Amazn fr the same price that they were purchased. Just remember, knwledge is pwer and can be prfitable t.
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【參考范文】
Textbk burdens students financially but is prfitable fr bk scuters. (要點1) They buy used but new bks and sell them ut fr extra mney. (要點2) Hwever, because f the subtle editins change, students have t buy new bks. (要點3) Therefre, it’s wise t buy the newest versin fr mre prfits. (要點4) And students can sell their bks ut again fr the same price they bught when they dn’t use them any mre. (要點5)
【寫作分析】
本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了二手教科書回收者通過回收使用過但是依舊保存良好的的課本并出售來賺錢這一現(xiàn)象。
1 要點摘錄
①While textbks can be a financial burden n the student, they can be prfitable fr a bk scuter.
②S, buying used textbks that are new is ne f the mst prfitable bks that sellers can buy.
③Unfrtunately, many cllege textbk editins change every year, which makes students pay mre mney fr brand new textbks.
④If yu want t try scuting textbks t make a prfit, buy their newest editins r the nes ahead f them.
⑤Althugh textbks can be expensive fr the average student, he r she culd ptentially sell them n Amazn fr the same price that they were purchased.
2.縝密構(gòu)思
將各要點進行整合，使得邏輯連貫。
3.遣詞造句
Textbks can be a financial burden n the student but be prfitable fr a bk scuter.
Bk scuters buy used bks which are new and sell them ut fr prfits.
Hwever, textbk editins have subtle change every year, which makes students have t buy brand new textbks.
Therefre, if yu want t make mre prfit, buy the newest versin.
Students can als sell their bks ut fr the same price that they were purchased when they dn’t use them any mre.
【范文點評】
[高分句型1] Hwever, because f the subtle editins change, students have t buy new bks. 運用介詞短語because f…作狀語對第三段大部分內(nèi)容進行了概括。
[高分句型2] And students can sell their bks ut again fr the same price they bught when they dn’t use them any mre. 用省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句和when引導的時間狀語從句對最后一段進行了概括。
檔次
描述
第五檔
（21-25）
—理解準確，涵蓋全部要點；
—能準確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；
—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；
—完全使用自己的語言。
第四檔
（16-20）
—理解準確，涵蓋絕大部分要點；
—所使用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯可能有些許錯誤，但完全不影響意義表達；
—比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；
—有個別整句抄自原文。
第三檔
（11-15）
—理解較為準確，涵蓋大部分要點；
—所使用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯雖有些錯誤，但不影響意義表達；
—應(yīng)用簡單的語句間連接成分，使上下文內(nèi)容連貫；
—出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象。
第二檔
（6-10）
—理解有誤差，僅涵蓋半數(shù)要點；
—有些語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了意義的表達；
—較少使用語句間的連接成分，全文內(nèi)容缺少連貫性；
—出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象。
第一檔
（1-5）
—沒有理解原文，造成概要內(nèi)容與原文主題不符；
—有較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面的錯誤，嚴重影響了意義的表達；
—缺乏語句間的連接成分，全文內(nèi)容不連貫；
—多個句子抄自原文。
0
白卷、內(nèi)容太少無法評判或所寫內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無關(guān)。
卷別
長度
體裁
主題
類型
2019. 6
369
說明文
父母如何恰當表揚孩子
概要
2018. 11
358
說明文
在申請大學前，最好親自提前了解大學相關(guān)信息
概要
考試說明樣卷
398
議論文
在歷史發(fā)展過程中，人們對于灰塵的看法在不斷地發(fā)生變化
概要
例如：eq \a\vs4\al(Dn't frget the clck)—r the radi. Peple wh eq \a\vs4\al(eat slwly) tend t eq \a\vs4\al(cnsume) abut 70 eq \a\vs4\al(fewer calries) (卡路里) per meal than thse wh rush thrugh their meals. eq \a\vs4\al(Begin keeping track f the time)， and try t eq \a\vs4\al(make dinner last at least 30 minutes). And while yu're at it, actually sit dwn t eat. If yu need sme help slwing dwn, turn relaxing music. It makes yu less likely t rush thrugh a meal.(畫線部分為主題句)
本段落主要內(nèi)容為吃飯慢減少對熱量的攝入，因此要將用餐時間延長至至少三十分鐘。用自己的語言將畫線部分重組后，關(guān)鍵信息如下：Recrd the time and set dinner time fr half an hur as eating slwly helps take in less calries.
例如：Yur huse may have an eq \a\vs4\al(effect) n yur eq \a\vs4\al(figure). Experts say the way yu eq \a\vs4\al(design) yur eq \a\vs4\al(hme) culd eq \a\vs4\al(play a rle in) whether yu pack n the punds r keep them ff. Yu can make yur envirnment wrk fr yu instead f against yu. Here are sme eq \a\vs4\al(ways) t turn yur eq \a\vs4\al(hme) int part f yur eq \a\vs4\al(diet) plan.(畫線句為主題句)
主題句關(guān)鍵詞如畫線所示：The_way yu design yur hme may have an effect n yur figure. Here are sme ways t turn yur hme int part f yur diet plan.
轉(zhuǎn)換表達時可利用同義替換將ways改為tips; The way yu design yur hme改為Hw t have yur hme designed。主題句轉(zhuǎn)換為Hw t have yur hme designed affects yur figure. Belw are tips t design yur hme t help diet.

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