2022年高考最新熱點(diǎn)時(shí)文閱讀-科學(xué)新知2 題型主要內(nèi)容1閱讀理解實(shí)驗(yàn)證明：比起使用數(shù)字設(shè)備，在紙上寫作實(shí)際上對(duì)大腦最有益2閱讀理解新西蘭企業(yè)家開發(fā)了一款機(jī)器海豚，將為海洋館提供新的選擇3閱讀理解家里的冰箱里存放的東西反映人的性格4閱讀理解莫扎特效應(yīng)有利于孩子大腦的發(fā)育 01（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中學(xué)高二期末）A team from the University of Tokyo just published a new study that says that writing on paper is actually the best for your mind. “Paper is more advanced and useful compared to electronic records because paper contains more one-of-a-kind information for stronger memory recall,” said Professor Kuniyoshi L. Sakai, a neuroscientist at the University of Tokyo and author in the study.Most people like smartphones or tablets because they seem to make everyday tasks easier, but after gathering 48 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 29 for the study, the researchers found that those who wrote on paper to finish note-taking tasks completed these 25 percent faster than people who used smartphones or tablets. What is the reason? The team said that using paper gave the volunteers more of a chance to write in their own form, while digital devices (數(shù)字設(shè)備) are more consistent (始終如一的).The researchers divided the volunteers, including college students and office staff, into three groups depending on their memory, preferences for using paper or digital tools, sex and age. Then each volunteer read a conversation that highlighted characters explaining their plans, which mentioned what they wanted to do in two months, their 14 different class times, the deadlines for the characters' homework, and any other things. After using their paper or a device to take notes about this conversation, the volunteers were given an hour break and at ask to keep them from thinking directly about the study. They were then asked a number of questions like “What are the deadlines for the characters’ homework?”Those who used paper for notetaking took only 11 minutes to jot down their thoughts during the study, while people who used tablets took 14 minutes; smartphone users spent the most time on the task, taking 16 minutes to write down their thoughts. As for the accuracy of the answers, those writing on paper seemed to stand out. This suggested that writing on paper benefited their memory.1．Why did the volunteers writing on paper finish note-taking tasks faster?A．Their tasks were less difficult.B．They took notes without any stops.C．Their writing styles were consistent.D．They could write in their unique ways.2．What were the volunteers required to do in the study?A．Make up some conversations.B．Raise questions for each other.C．Take notes about a conversation.D．Discuss notes with group members.3．Why were the volunteers asked to answer questions after a break?A．To test their memory. B．To ensure the accuracy.C．To keep them energetic. D．To remove their thoughts.4．What does the underlined phrase “jot down” in the last paragraph probably mean?A．Leave out. B．Write down. C．Break down. D．Concentrate on.02（山西省呂梁市2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬考試英語試題）Companies in New Zealand are working with American creators of some of Hollywood’s most famous creatures to develop animatronic dolphins that look almost the same with their living counterparts.A robotic dolphin that can nod an answer to a child might sound unappealing. But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say.But with a price tag of about NZ$40m (￡ 20.8m) per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing.Li Wang, a business developer for Edge Innovation, the New Zealand-based company making the case for the robots, said they do cost four times more than normal dolphins but would last longer.Melanie Langlotz, one of the managers behind the project said, the robotic dolphin can’t be distinguished from the real thing. A test audience had been unable to guess the dolphin was not real, she added.Animal rights advocates also welcomed the change. They hoped robotic dolphins would replace real ones in marine parks worldwide.In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to interact with strangers. In the near future, cutting-edge technology might allow us to experience nature without harming it.5．Why will animatronic dolphins be developed?A．To attract children. B．To make a higher profit.C．To protect real dolphins. D．To show the advance of technology.6．What can we know about robotic dolphins according to the text?A．They look different from the real ones.B．They are appealing to marine parks as well as children.C．They would have a shorter lifespan compared to real ones.D．They would be more expensive but survive longer than real ones.7．Why does the author mention real dolphins in the last paragraph?A．To stress the significance of robotic dolphins.B．To inform us of bad conditions of dolphins in captivity.C．To clarify why dolphins live better in natural environment.D．To suggest that we should improve the living conditions of dolphins.8．What’s the best title for the passage?A．Dolphins: cute animals to play withB．Robot dolphins: a costly but worthy alternativeC．Robot dolphins: an attractive and affordable toolD．Advanced technologies benefit the environment03（2022·四川·涼山彝族自治州教育科學(xué)研究所高一期末）If you don’t want people to know much about you, you’d better keep your fridge contents secret, according to a British market research document released last week.Researchers studied the fridges of 400 people in Britain and compared the contents with the owners’ lifestyles. They claim to be able to classify the nation’s people by fridge contents. They say those people can be separated into five categories: nutrition nerds (癡迷者), food -trend chasers (whatever is fashionable), strict mums, fast food fans and restaurant regulars.Nutrition nerds care much about what they put into their bodies. Their fridges are filled with fruit, vegetables and healthy meat. People in this category tend to be highly organized and usually work as lawyers or accountants (會(huì)計(jì)). The majority of them are single, but if they have a partner, that person will be similar.A fridge full of vitamins—enriched juices shows its owner works in media or fashion. They tend not to eat the foods they buy. Known as the food -trend chasers, they just want to be seen buying the latest important things.A fridge filled with everything from steak to frozen fish suggests the strict mum. Her fridge tends to be filled with every kind of product, except what she herself wants. This fridge shows difficulty in balancing family and work life.Fast food fans always buy mineral water or soda pop. The nearest they will get to fresh fruit is tomato sauce. Their fridges show someone who works hard and plays hard, and someone who doesn’t like long term planning.9．What did the researchers find out?A．People in Britain like to eat out.B．Most British people don’t eat healthily.C．There are five types of people in the world.D．People’s characters can be reflected by their fridge contents.10．What can you infer about nutrition nerds?A．They rarely eat meat.B．They are mostly single.C．They care about food quality and expenses.D．Their lives are organized by lawyers or accountants.11．What do we know about the five types of people?A．Nutrition nerds are always organized and successful in their jobs.B．Strict mums care about others in family more than themselves.C．Food- -trend chasers like to fill their fridges with tasty foods.D．Fast food fans usually fill their fridges with fresh fruit.12．What will those who often eat out put in the fridge?A．Food rich in vitamins. B．Only something to drink.C．Fast food with tomato sauce. D．Food from restaurants.04（2022·廣東·高二期末）You may have heard about Amadeus Mozart, a classical composer from the 18th century. But have you ever heard about the Mozart effect?The Mozart effect first came to be known to the public in 1993. A study published in the journal Science found that children who listened to Mozart’s music, for ten minutes showed a clear improvement in spatial (空間的) reasoning tests than those who listened to other sounds that can help people relax. Another study also examined the long-term effects of Mozart on the brains of kids. A group of 3- to 4-yeard-old kids were given music lessons for six months. After the lessons, the performance of the kids on a spatial reasoning test saw 30 percent improvement as compared to children who undertook other training or no training at all for that long.As a result of these studies, the popularity of Mozart’s music has grown. Some schools in the US started to play Mozart to children, and it even led the southern state of Georgia to provide babies with free Mozart CDs. And the findings further showed the importance of music in the cognitive development of children.Now we know the Mozart effect shows playing Mozart benefits brain development. But how does that happen? The classical music pathways in the brain and the neural (神經(jīng)的) trails we use for spatial reasoning are quite alike. When we listen to classical music or learn to play this kind of music, especially Mozart’s music, the spatial pathways in the brain are stimulated (刺激) and prepared for use. This makes the mind more active, leading to more intelligence.As parents, you do not need to wait until your kid is in primary school to start music lessons. Most children between the age of four and five are ready to start learning the basics of music. Early intervention (干預(yù)) can help your baby grow into a smart adult, besides improving his or her academic performance and life skills.13．What can we learn about children listening to Mozart’s music?A．They show great interest in creating music.B．They could perform spatial tasks better.C．They find his music difficult to understand.D．They could hold their attention much longer.14．The author introduces the Mozart effect mainly by ________.A．explaining data B．stating argumentsC．providing research results D．analyzing experts’ words15．Why is classical music beneficial to brain development?A．It makes the mind calm and clear.B．It fixed some damage to neural trails.C．It helps awaken some hidden memories.D．It causes the brain’s spatial pathways to start to work.16．What are parents advised to do to help their children be smart adults?A．Train children to form good learning habits.B．Develop an interest in music themselves.C．Perform music with children as much as possible.D．Get children to start music lessons early on.  參考答案：1．D2．C3．A4．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章闡述了東京大學(xué)一個(gè)研究小組發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)新研究，他們通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明：比起使用數(shù)字設(shè)備，在紙上寫作實(shí)際上對(duì)大腦最有益。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The team said that using paper gave the volunteers more of a chance to write in their own form, while digital devices are more consistent”（研究小組表示，使用紙張讓志愿者有更多的機(jī)會(huì)以自己的形式書寫，而數(shù)字設(shè)備的書寫形式則始終如一。）可知，志愿者們?cè)诩埳蠈懙母焓且驗(yàn)樗麄兛梢杂米约旱姆绞?。所?/span>“They could write in their unique ways.”（他們可以用自己獨(dú)特的方式寫作。）符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“After using their paper or a device to take notes about this conversation, the volunteers were given an hour break and at ask to keep them from thinking directly about the study. ”（在用他們的紙或設(shè)備記錄下這段對(duì)話后，志愿者們被要求休息一小時(shí)，以防止他們直接想到這項(xiàng)研究。）可知，志愿者們被要求記錄下一段對(duì)話。所以“Take notes about a conversation.”（對(duì)談話做記錄。）符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Those who used paper for notetaking took only 11 minutes to jot down their thoughts during the study, while people who used tablets took 14 minutes; smartphone users spent the most time on the task, taking 16 minutes to write down their thoughts. As for the accuracy of the answers, those writing on paper seemed to stand out. This suggested that writing on paper benefited their memory. ”（在研究過程中，用紙做筆記的人只花了11分鐘記下自己的想法，而用平板電腦的人花了14分鐘；智能手機(jī)用戶花在這項(xiàng)任務(wù)上的時(shí)間最多，他們花16分鐘寫下自己的想法。至于答案的準(zhǔn)確性，那些寫在紙上的答案似乎很突出。這表明在紙上寫字有助于他們的記憶力。）可知，在紙上寫下后，記憶是最深刻的；因此志愿者們被要求休息一個(gè)小時(shí)之后，才開始回答問題的目的就是為了檢測(cè)他們的記憶力。所以“To test their memory.”（為了測(cè)試他們的記憶力。）符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。4．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“smartphone users spent the most time on the task, taking 16 minutes to write down their thoughts.”（智能手機(jī)用戶花在這項(xiàng)任務(wù)上的時(shí)間最多，他們花16分鐘寫下自己的想法。）可知，句中的write down就等同于劃線短語jot down ，意為“寫下”。故選B項(xiàng)。 5．C6．D7．A8．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了新西蘭的企業(yè)家開發(fā)了一款機(jī)器海豚，這種“新型”海豚的出現(xiàn)將為世界各地的海洋館提供了一種新的選擇。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過文章第二段“But as marine parks around the world face increasing pressure to abandon exhibitions featuring real whales and dolphins, the creatures provide an appealing alternative, their creators say（他們的創(chuàng)造者說道，但是因?yàn)槿澜绲暮Ｑ蠊珗@面臨著越來越大的壓力，想要放棄以真正的鯨和海豚為特色的展覽。剛好這種機(jī)器海豚就提供了一個(gè)誘人的選擇）”可知，電子海豚的發(fā)明是為了保護(hù)真正的海豚。故選C。6．推理判斷題。通過文章第三段“But with a price tag of about NZ$40m (￡20.8m) per dolphin, the biggest obstacle for the creators of the animatronic creatures is proving to potential clients that the robotic sea creatures will work out to be cheaper in the long run than the real thing（因?yàn)槊恳恢浑娮雍ｋ嗟膬r(jià)格是NZ$40m (￡20.8m)，所以電子海豚的創(chuàng)造者面臨的最大的障礙就是告訴潛在的客戶，這種電子生物雖然價(jià)格比價(jià)高，但是從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看的話，它比真生物要便宜些）”可推知,它們的價(jià)格較高但使用時(shí)間也較長(zhǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“In nature, dolphins swim up to 40 miles a day and live in close family groups, but in captivity they were confined to concrete pools filled with chemically treated water and forced to interact with strangers（在自然界中，海豚能每天游40英里并且與家人住在一起。但是在圈養(yǎng)中，它們限制在混凝土游泳池中，池里全是充滿化學(xué)物質(zhì)的水，它們被迫與陌生人交流）”可知，此處對(duì)真實(shí)海豚的描寫，進(jìn)一步表明發(fā)明機(jī)器海豚的重要性。故選A項(xiàng)。8．主旨大意題。通過文章整體閱讀，可知文章介紹了新西蘭的企業(yè)家開發(fā)了一款機(jī)器海豚，這種“新型”海豚的出現(xiàn)將為世界各地的海洋館提供了一種新的選擇。B項(xiàng)“電子海豚：雖然貴，但卻是值得的選擇”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。 9．D10．B11．B12．B【分析】本文是說明文。文章講述一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示家里的冰箱里存放的東西反映人的性格。按照英國的這項(xiàng)調(diào)查可以把人分成五類，一是營養(yǎng)書呆型，二是食物時(shí)尚型，三是嚴(yán)格媽媽型，四是快餐狂熱分子型，五是餐館的?？托汀Ｎ闹蟹謩e闡述了他們各自儲(chǔ)存的東西種類和性格。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“If you don’t want people to know much about you, you’d better keep your fridge contents secret, according to a British market research document released last week.(根據(jù)上周發(fā)布的一份英國市場(chǎng)研究文件，如果你不想讓別人了解你，最好對(duì)你冰箱里的東西保密。)”和第二段的“Researchers studied the fridges of 400 people in Britain and compared the contents with the owners’ lifestyles. They claim to be able to classify the nation’s people by fridge contents.( 研究人員研究了英國400人的冰箱，并將其所容納的東西與主人的生活方式進(jìn)行了比較。他們聲稱能夠根據(jù)冰箱里裝的東西對(duì)這個(gè)國家的人進(jìn)行分類)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人們的性格可以反映在他們的冰箱里的東西上。故選D項(xiàng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“The majority of them are single, but if they have a partner, that person will be similar.( 他們中的大多數(shù)都是單身，但如果他們有伴侶，那個(gè)人有人會(huì)很相似。)”可知，營養(yǎng)書呆型的人大部分都是單身。故選B項(xiàng)。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“A fridge filled with everything from steak to frozen fish suggests the strict mum. Her fridge tends to be filled with every kind of product, except what she herself wants.( 冰箱里塞滿了從牛排到冷凍魚等所有的東西，這表明她是一位嚴(yán)格的母親。她的冰箱里往往裝滿了各種各樣的產(chǎn)品，除了她自己想要的東西。)”可推斷，嚴(yán)格媽媽型比起關(guān)心自己更關(guān)心家庭成員。故選B項(xiàng)。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Fast food fans always buy mineral water or soda pop. The nearest they will get to fresh fruit is tomato sauce.( 愛吃快餐的人總是買礦泉水或蘇打水。他們能找到的最接近新鮮水果是番茄醬。)”可知，那些經(jīng)常在外面吃飯的人冰箱里僅有一些喝的。故選B項(xiàng)。 13．B14．C15．D16．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了莫扎特效應(yīng)有利于孩子大腦的發(fā)育。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“A study published in the journal Science found that children who listened to Mozart’s music, for ten minutes showed a clear improvement in spatial (空間的) reasoning tests than those who listened to other sounds that can help people relax. (發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在空間推理測(cè)試中，聽莫扎特音樂10分鐘的兒童比聽其他有助于放松的音樂的兒童表現(xiàn)出明顯的提高。)”可知，兒童聽莫扎特的音樂，他們可以更好地執(zhí)行空間任務(wù)。故選B項(xiàng)。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“A group of 3- to 4-yeard-old kids were given music lessons for six months. After the lessons, the performance of the kids on a spatial reasoning test saw 30 percent improvement as compared to children who undertook other training or no training at all for that long.(一組3到4歲的孩子上了6個(gè)月的音樂課。上完課后，這些孩子在空間推理測(cè)試中的表現(xiàn)，與長(zhǎng)期接受其他訓(xùn)練或不接受任何訓(xùn)練的孩子相比，提高了30%。)”可知，作者主要通過提供研究結(jié)果介紹莫扎特效應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“When we listen to classical music or learn to play this kind of music, especially Mozart’s music, the spatial pathways in the brain are stimulated (刺激) and prepared for use. This makes the mind more active, leading to more intelligence.(當(dāng)我們聽古典音樂或?qū)W習(xí)演奏這類音樂，特別是莫扎特的音樂時(shí)，大腦中的空間路徑被刺激并準(zhǔn)備使用。這會(huì)使大腦更活躍，從而提高智力。)”可知，因?yàn)楣诺湟魳纺軐?dǎo)致大腦的空間路徑開始工作，所以它對(duì)大腦發(fā)育有益。故選D項(xiàng)。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“As parents, you do not need to wait until your kid is in primary school to start music lessons. Most children between the age of four and five are ready to start learning the basics of music. Early intervention (干預(yù)) can help your baby grow into a smart adult, besides improving his or her academic performance and life skills. (作為父母，你不需要等到你的孩子上小學(xué)才開始上音樂課。大多數(shù)4到5歲的孩子已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好開始學(xué)習(xí)基本的音樂知識(shí)了。早期干預(yù)可以幫助你的寶寶成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)聰明的成年人，除了提高他或她的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)和生活技能。)”可知，父母應(yīng)該讓孩子們盡早開始上音樂課來幫助孩子成為聰明的成年人。故選D項(xiàng)。  

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