高中英語語法專題2：時態(tài)和語態(tài)一．一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和一般將來時1. 一般現(xiàn)在時We often go to school by bus.I play football once a week.The earth moves around the sun.思考：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：我通常在早晨七點(diǎn)鐘起床。______________________________________________________________________________________我有時候在周末去看望我奶奶。______________________________________________________________________________________醫(yī)生在世界的每個角落都是被需要的。______________________________________________________________________________________這種藥通常被用來治療心臟病。______________________________________________________________________________________2. 一般過去時I made a big mistake yesterday.The baby boy put his finger into his mouth and laughed happily.I didn’t recognize you when you came in just now.思考：（1）一般過去時的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）一般過去時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：當(dāng)我很小的時候，我生活在農(nóng)村。______________________________________________________________________________________他三年前開始學(xué)英語。______________________________________________________________________________________昨天我被邀請去參加了一個重要的會議。______________________________________________________________________________________上周我被選中作為一名交換生去留學(xué)一年。______________________________________________________________________________________3. 一般將來時I will become a famous scientist in the future.Our school is going to hold a singing competition next week.It will be a good chance for you to realize your dream.思考：（1）一般將來時的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）一般將來時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：從今以后我每個星期都會去看望你的。______________________________________________________________________________________我不會把這個秘密告訴任何人的。______________________________________________________________________________________更多的措施將會被采取來保護(hù)環(huán)境。______________________________________________________________________________________幾天之后，一輛新自行車將會被送給我作為我的生日禮物。______________________________________________________________________________________二．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時和將來進(jìn)行時1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時I am doing my homework.The girl in red is writing a letter to her good friend.Do not shout while the baby is sleeping.思考：（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：他正在思考該如何去完成這個困難的任務(wù)。______________________________________________________________________________________請不要進(jìn)入那棟房子因?yàn)楣と藗冋诜鬯ⅰ?/span>______________________________________________________________________________________大量的樹木正在被砍伐。______________________________________________________________________________________一種新的方法正在被采用來治療肺癌。______________________________________________________________________________________2. 過去進(jìn)行時The girl was watching TV when I knocked at the door.Can you tell me what you were doing at 8pm?I was writing a letter to my girlfriend upstairs when the earthquake happened.思考：（1）過去進(jìn)行時的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：當(dāng)你給我打電話的時候我正睡著覺呢。______________________________________________________________________________________當(dāng)她正在讀報紙的時候，她的女兒睡著了______________________________________________________________________________________當(dāng)我路過的時候，這條稀有的魚正在被放生到湖里。______________________________________________________________________________________這個話題正在被學(xué)生們討論著當(dāng)老師進(jìn)入教室的時候。______________________________________________________________________________________3. 將來進(jìn)行時I will be taking the English exam at 9am tomorrow.As the weather forecast says, a heavy rain will be striking this area at this time tomorrow.Can you imagine what you will be doing ten years later?思考：（1）將來進(jìn)行時的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）將來進(jìn)行時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：下周五我將會正在美國旅游。______________________________________________________________________________________明天這個時候我將會正在準(zhǔn)備午飯。______________________________________________________________________________________明早九點(diǎn)這棟老房子將會正在被拆除。______________________________________________________________________________________明年這個時候另外三條新的高速公路將會正在被建設(shè)。______________________________________________________________________________________三．現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時和將來完成時1. 現(xiàn)在完成時I have finished my homework.The man has collected 500 stamps since he was a little boy.The government has taken a lot of measures to protect the environment.思考：（1）現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：到現(xiàn)在為止我已經(jīng)見過她七八次了。______________________________________________________________________________________自從2008年起，我已經(jīng)13年沒有見過我同桌了。______________________________________________________________________________________在過去的10年中，超過1000棵樹已經(jīng)被這個男人種在了這座島嶼上。______________________________________________________________________________________這個可憐的孩子已經(jīng)被獨(dú)自留在農(nóng)村了5年了。______________________________________________________________________________________2. 過去完成時I had finished my homework by last night.He had collected 500 stamps by the end of last year.The housewife had repaired the washing machine before her husband came back home.思考：（1）過去完成時的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）過去完成時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：在我認(rèn)識她之前她已經(jīng)在這家工廠工作了3年了。______________________________________________________________________________________到去年年底為止，我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了2000個英語單詞了。______________________________________________________________________________________當(dāng)我抵達(dá)的時候這只可憐的小狗已經(jīng)被殺死了。______________________________________________________________________________________截止到去年為止，在這所學(xué)校超過2萬名學(xué)生已經(jīng)被送進(jìn)了大學(xué)。______________________________________________________________________________________3. 將來完成時The man will have collected 900 stamps by the end of next year.My uncle will have worked in this factory for 30 years when he retires next year.I will have arrived in the USA by this time tomorrow.思考：（1）將來完成時的典型特征是什么？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）將來完成時態(tài)的謂語動詞用什么形式？被動語態(tài)怎么變？____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）翻譯下列句子：當(dāng)你明天來拜訪我的時候，我將會已經(jīng)離開去北京了。______________________________________________________________________________________當(dāng)你十年后再見到我的時候，我將會已經(jīng)成為一個非常成功的商人了。______________________________________________________________________________________到今天晚上為止，所有的票將會已經(jīng)被賣光了。______________________________________________________________________________________當(dāng)你明年再來這兒的時候，這些舊房子將會已經(jīng)被高樓大廈給取代了。______________________________________________________________________________________四．16種時態(tài)匯總：NO.時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時be(am\is\are); do \ doesbe(am\is\are) done2一般過去時be(was\were); didbe(was\were) done3一般將來時will be\do; be(am\is\are) going to be\dowill be done; be(was\are) going to be done4過去將來時would be\do; be(was\were) going to be\dowould be done; be(was\were)going to be done5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be(am\is\are) doingbe(am\is\are)being done6過去進(jìn)行時be(was\were) doingbe(was\were) being done7將來進(jìn)行時will be doingwill be being done8過去將來進(jìn)行時would be doingwould be being done9現(xiàn)在完成時have\has donehave\has been done10過去完成時had donehad been done11將來完成時will have donewill have been done12過去將來完成時would have donewould have been done13現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時have\has been doinghave\has been being done14過去完成進(jìn)行時had been doinghad been being done15將來完成進(jìn)行時will have been doingwill have been being done16過去將來完成進(jìn)行時would have been doingwould have been being done             參考解析一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)I usually get up at 7am.I sometimes visit my grandma on weekends.Doctors are needed everywhere in the world.This medicine is usually used to treat heart disease.一般過去時態(tài)I lived in the countryside when I was very young.He started to learn English three years ago.I was invited to attend an important meeting yesterday.I was chosen to study abroad for a year as an exchange student last year.一般將來時態(tài)I will visit you every week from now on.I will not tell anybody this secret.More measures will be taken to protect the environment.Several days later, a new bike will be sent to me as my birthday gift.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)：He is thinking about how to finish this difficult task.Please do not enter that house because workers are painting it.A large number of trees are being cut down.A new method is being adopted to treat lung cancer.過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)I was sleeping when you called me.Her daughter fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper.When I passed by, the rare fish was being set free into the lake.This topic was being discussed by students when the teacher came into the classroom.將來進(jìn)行時態(tài)I will be traveling in the USA next Friday.I will be preparing Lunch at this time tomorrow.This old house will be being removed at 9am tomorrow.Another three new highways will be being built at this tome next year.現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)I have seen her for seven or eight times so far.I haven’t seen my desk-mate for 13 years since 2008.More than 1,000 trees have been planted on the island by the man in the past ten years.This poor child has been left alone in the countryside for 5 years.過去完成時態(tài)She had worked in this factory for 3 years before I knew her.I had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last year.The poor little dog had been killed when I arrived.More than 20 thousand students of this school had been sent into universities by last year.將來進(jìn)行時態(tài)I will have left for Beijing when you come to visit me tomorrow.I will have become a very successful businessman when you see me again ten years later.All tickets will have been sold out by tonight.These old houses will have been replaced by tall buildings when you come here again next year.

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