?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
主要用于下面幾情況：
　　1) 描述當(dāng)前時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
　　在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc。) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如：
　　They raise ducks as a sideline 。他們以養(yǎng)鴨為副業(yè)。
　　She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常給家里寫信，僅一月一封而已。
　　I cycle to work every day 。我每天騎自行車上班。
　　It seldom rains here 。這兒很少下雨。
　　2)僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。
　　這里的目的是為了"描述現(xiàn)階段的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)"，其重點(diǎn)"不是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、或進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)"。例如：
　　He can speak five foreign languages 。他能說(shuō)五種外語(yǔ)。
　　That is a beautiful city 。那是座美麗的城市。
　　Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河流之一。
　　She majors in music 。她主修音樂(lè)。
　　All my family love football 。我全家人都喜歡足球。
　　My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂(lè)于助人。
　　3) 陳述客觀事實(shí)、客觀真理。
　　顧名思義，客觀的情況是"沒(méi)有時(shí)間概念"的；也"不會(huì)在意動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)"。例如：
　　The sun rises in the east 。日出東方。
　　The earth goes around the sun 。地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
　　Ten minus two is eight。十減二等于八。
　　Light travels faster than sound 。光的速度比聲音的速度快。
　　The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國(guó)位于太平洋西岸。
　　4) 根據(jù)英文語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：
　　I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來(lái)時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。
　　If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details。
　　如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。
用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的副詞，除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外，常見(jiàn)的還有：now, today , nowadays等等。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
主要是用來(lái)描述在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它也可以用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)相同，只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的 最大區(qū)別之一。
　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)詞詞末要加-ed(除不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞外)。常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last night (week ,
　　month , year , century , etc。) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。
　　使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，在某種意義上說(shuō)就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候。"過(guò)去"的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思：一是指"現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間"以前 的時(shí)間；二是指"說(shuō)話、寫文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)"以前的時(shí)間，在這個(gè)意義上，"現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)"是很小很小的，甚至于小到無(wú)法量化的程度。例如：
　　He got his driving license last month. 他上個(gè)月拿到了駕照。
　　--Where's Jim? 吉姆在哪里？
　　--He just went out。他剛剛出去。
　　

一般將來(lái)時(shí)
　　概念：一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
　　一、常見(jiàn)的將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：
　　tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this afternoon, this year, before long,
　　in the future, some day(將來(lái)的某一天)， next year, next Sunday, soon,
　　in ten days(十天后) 等
　　二、一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：
　　主語(yǔ)+ will (shall) + 動(dòng)詞原形 ~。動(dòng)詞一般將來(lái)時(shí)，表示將要發(fā)生事
　　(所有人稱都可以用will，shall只用于I, We 后面)
　　如：肯定式：They will finish the work next week.
　　否定式： They won’t finish the work next week.
　　疑問(wèn)式： Will they finish the work next week?
　Yes, they will. / No, they won’t. (注意：不能用Yes, they’ll.)
　　特殊疑問(wèn)句：How many books will you give us?
　　I’ll give you thirty books.
　　2. 主語(yǔ)+ be (am, is, are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 ~。
　　be going to, 表打算，準(zhǔn)備計(jì)劃將來(lái)干;表可能，有必然，通過(guò)現(xiàn)象來(lái)判斷。
如：I’m going to see a film this evening. 今晚上我打算去看電影。
　　It’s going to rain. 天要下雨了。
　　We aren’t going to have any lessons next week. 我們下周不上課。
　　3. will/ shall 和 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別
　　(1) 對(duì)于事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的打算、計(jì)劃，應(yīng)使用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)。
　　Why are you taking down all the pictures? I am going to repaint the wall.
　　(2) 對(duì)于事先未經(jīng)過(guò)考慮的打算、計(jì)劃，而是臨時(shí)起意，則用will 結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)于會(huì)話時(shí)，乙聽(tīng)了甲的話做出的反應(yīng)。
　　Where is the telephone book? I’ll go and get it for you .
　　(3) 表示即將發(fā)生某事時(shí)，兩者區(qū)別不大，多可互換。
　　What is going to happen? -----What will happen?
　　be going to 一般指較近的將來(lái)，will則表示較遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)。
　　(4) 正式的通知等多用will.
　　4. 其他一般將來(lái)時(shí)表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)：
　　(1) 少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞如go, come, start, arrive等，當(dāng)表示根據(jù)規(guī)定時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示。
　　My train leaves at 6:30. 我乘的火車將在6：30開(kāi)。
　　另外，時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，“主將從現(xiàn)”
　　I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from him.
　　He’ll go fishing if it is fine tomorrow.
　　(2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。go, come, leave, arrive, start, stay, return等表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。
　　I’m going to the park with my parents on vacation.
　　(3) be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形, 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
　　The concert is about to begin. 音樂(lè)會(huì)即將開(kāi)始。
　　(4) be +動(dòng)詞不定式，表示安排或計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作。
There is to be a sports meeting next week.
語(yǔ)法練習(xí)：
I. 用適當(dāng)形式填空
1. It ______ be Wednesday tomorrow.
2. Betty _________ write to her grandma next week.
3. ________ you please give him this letter?
4. I ________ never do that again.
5. She has bought some cloth; she _____ make herself a dress.
6. ----Oh, what a heavy box! I can’t lift it.
----What! I _______ carry it for you.
7.In China, wherever you _____(go), you_____(see) friendly people.
8. Lao Zhao has saved some money and he _____ (buy) a TV set.
9. The express from Beijing to Shanghai ______ at 8:45.
II. 單選
1 We _____go home until we finish the work.
A don’t B won’t C will
2 Tom _____ six years old next month. A will be B will is C is going to
3 Look at the clouds? It _____ rain. A is going B will be C is going to
4 We _____ go home until we finish the work.
A don’t B won’t C will
5 We must take the sick man to hospital. He ______.
A is dying B is going to die C will die
6 Could you tell me _______ the meeting.
A when shall we have B when we would have C when to have
7 I’ll talk to him when he______.
　　A come B will come C comes D came
　　8 I don’t know if it______ tomorrow.
　　A rains B will rain C is rain D is raining
　　9 There ______ a school three years ago.
　　A were B use to have C used to be D will be

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)的幾種轉(zhuǎn)換
　　英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：
　　一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
　　在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：
　?、偎查g動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間+ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；
　?、谒查g動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；
　　③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been；
　?、芩查g動(dòng)詞用于“Sometime has passed since+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。
　　請(qǐng)看：A。He joined the League two years ago。
B。He has been in the League for two years。
　　 C。It is two years since he joined the League。
　　 D。Two years has passed since he joined the League。
　　二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
　　在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作），at school（上學(xué)、上課）等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看：
　　Peter is at work，but Mike is at play。
　　Peter is working，but Mike is playing。
　　三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換
　　在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o，come，leave，start，arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：I am coming，Mum！意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽！”請(qǐng)看：
　　The train is leaving soon。
　　The train will leave soon。
　　四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will（shall）+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事；將來(lái)時(shí)“will（shall）+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看：
　　We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday。
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday。
表示將來(lái)的五種非時(shí)態(tài)方式
1、“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、傾向或必須、義務(wù)等。
如：She is to play Juliet。她扮演朱麗葉。
　You are to make the necessary changes。你要做出必要的改變?！?br /> 2、“be about to+不定式”：表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，有“即將”的意思，但不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
The package is about to come unwrapped。那個(gè)包快散開(kāi)了。

3、“be going+不定式”：表示按計(jì)劃或安排打算去做某事，或表示有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。如：
We are going to call her this evening。
我們打算今晚給她打電話。
My sister’s going to have a baby this summer。
我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。
4、用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)：主要表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。
如：The students are leaving on Sunday。學(xué)生們星期日出發(fā)。
　　We’re having a party next week。
我們下星期將開(kāi)一個(gè)晚會(huì)。
5、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)：表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。如：We have a holiday tomorrow。我們明天放假。
　　The train leaves at 10：04 this evening。
火車今晚10：04分開(kāi)。
must表示推測(cè)
1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè)，意為"一定"。
2) must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)， must 后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be 的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。
You have worked hard all day .You must be tired.　
你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷)
He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。
比較：　He must be staying there.　他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there。他必須呆在那。
3) must 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.　
我剛才沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到電話，我想必是睡著了。
4) must表示對(duì)過(guò)去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it。
5) 否定推測(cè)用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.　如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開(kāi)這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。
比較have to和must
1) 兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來(lái)。(客觀上需要做這件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他說(shuō)他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
2) have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語(yǔ)中表示過(guò)去的必要或義務(wù)。
　　He had to look after his sister yesterday。
3)在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don't have to表示"不必" mustn't表示"禁止"，
You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him about it.　　　　
你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
比較may和might
1) 表示允許或請(qǐng)求；表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè)；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
　　May God bless you!
　　He might be at home。
　　注意： might 表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成語(yǔ)： may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。
　　If that is the case, we may as well try。
　　典型例題
　　Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet。
A. must　　B. may　 C. can　 D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may.　此句意可從后半句推出。
比較can 和be able to
1)can　could 表示能力；可能 (過(guò)去時(shí)用could)，
　　只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
　　They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2)只用be able to
a. 位于助動(dòng)詞后。b. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。
c. 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。
　　d. 用于句首表示條件。
　　e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
　　He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out。
　　= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out。
　　注意：could不表示時(shí)態(tài)
　　1)提出委婉的請(qǐng)求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。
　　--- Could I have the television on?
　　--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't。
　　2)在否定，疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。
　　He couldn't be a bad man.　　
他不大可能是壞人。
比較so和such
其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。
　　so + adj.　　　　　　　　　such + a(n) + n。
　　so + adj. + a(n) + n.　　　such + n. (pl。)
　　so + adj. + n. (pl。) 　　 such +n. (pl。)
　　so + adj. + n. [不可數(shù)]　　such +n. [不可數(shù)]
　　so foolish　　　　　　　　 such a fool　
　　so nice a flower　　　　　 such a nice flower
　　so many/ few flowers　　　 such nice flowers
　　so much/little money.　　　such rapid progress　
　　so many people　　　　　　 such a lot of people
　　so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當(dāng)于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。
　　so…that與such…that之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為 so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

動(dòng)詞不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式是初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)之一，也是每年中考英語(yǔ)試題的考點(diǎn)之一。它是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為"to+動(dòng)詞原形"，to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無(wú)意義。動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：　　1.具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。
　　2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)等。下面以近幾年全國(guó)部分省市的中考英語(yǔ)試題為例，對(duì)不定式的難點(diǎn)以及它在中考英語(yǔ)中的考查點(diǎn)，作一簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)和分析，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。
　　一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)
　　1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
　　A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)
　　2. It's hard for us _________ English well.
　　A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)
　　3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。
　　It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))
　　4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
　　A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)
　　Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見(jiàn)的句式有：(1)It is +形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容詞(for sb)to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì);句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。
　　二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)
　　1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
　　A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)
　　2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
　　A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)
　　3. He found it very difficult ______.
　　A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)
　　Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。
　　三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
　　1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
　　A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)
　　2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
　　A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)
　　Key： 1. B 2. C
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。
　　四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)
　　1. She went ______ her teacher.
　　A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)
　　2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.
　　A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)
　　Key： 1. A 2. C
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]go， come， try， do / try one's best等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)。
　　3. I'm sorry ______ that.
　　A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)
　　4. I'm sorry ______ you.
　　A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)
　　5. My mother was very glad ______ her old friend.
　　A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)
　　Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]"be +形容詞+ to do sth"結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原因或方式。
　　6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)
　　The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)
　　7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)
　　The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (廣東省)
　　Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]在上述"too +形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do…"(太……而不能……)和"enough (for sb) to do…"(足以、足夠……做……)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
　　五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)
　　1. Would you like something ______?
　　A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)
　　2. I have a lot of homework ______.
　　A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)
　　3. He is not an easy man ______.
　　A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)
　　Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。
　　六、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式
　　1. We saw him ______ the building and go upstairs.
　　A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)
　　2. So much work usually makes them ______ very tired.
　　A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)
　　3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better ______.
　　A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him
　　C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)
　　4. I was made ______ my homework in the afternoon.
　　A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (貴州省)
　　Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動(dòng)詞和make， have， let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to(let沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。2.在"had better"后面接不帶to的不定式。
　　七、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式
　　1. Mr Black asked the man ________ the queue.
　　A. not to jump B. to not jump　C. didn't jump D. not jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))
　　2. The old man told the child ______ noisy.
　　A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)
　　3. There is going to ______ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try ______ late.
　　A. have， not to be B. have， not be
　　C. be， not to be D. be， not be (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))
　　Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號(hào)to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動(dòng)詞原形前面加上not.
　　八、某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別
　　1. Please stop ______ a rest if you feel tired.
　　A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))
　　2. ——Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?
　　——Sorry, I forgot ______ some money with me.
　　A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)
　　3. ——Let's have a rest, shall we?
　　——Not now, I can't stop ______ the letters.
　　A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)
　　4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop ______ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)
　　Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]一些常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下："stop to do sth"意為"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事"，"stop doing sth"意為"停止正在做的事"："remember to do sth"意為"記住去做某事"(事還未做)，"remember doing sth"意為"記得做過(guò)某事"(事已做)："go on to do sth"意為"接著做某事"(做完一事，接著做另一事)，"go on doing sth"意為"繼續(xù)做某事"(一事未做完接著往下做)："forget to do sth"意為"忘了做某事"(事還未做)，"forget doing sth"意為"忘了曾做過(guò)某事"(事已做)。
　　5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane ______ over my head.
　　A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)
　　6. A woman saw it ______ when she was walking past.
　　A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省)
　　Key： 5. B 6. A
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動(dòng)詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程(動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)，用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行(動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束)。
　　九、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略及其符號(hào)to的保留
　　1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?
　　Yes, ______. What time are we going to meet?
　　A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. I'd like to (浙江省)
　　2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?
　　______. What time are we going to meet?
　　A. No, I can't B. Yes, I'm glad　C. Yes, I'd love to D. I'd like (大連市)
　　Keys： 1. D 2. C
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]在口語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。這種用法常見(jiàn)于"be glad to"，"would like (love) to"，"have to"等結(jié)構(gòu)中。
　　十、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式和其他形式
　　The new hospital ______ is near the factory.
　　A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)
　　Key： D
　　[簡(jiǎn)析]當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者(賓語(yǔ))時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，即：to be +過(guò)去分詞;如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have +過(guò)去分詞;如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用不定式的進(jìn)行式，即：to be +現(xiàn)在分詞
比較and和or
　　1) 并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
　　2) 但有時(shí)and 也可用于否定句。請(qǐng)注意其不同特點(diǎn)：
　　There is no air or water in the moon。
　　There is no air and no water on the moon。
　　在否定中并列結(jié)構(gòu)用or 連接，但含有兩個(gè)否定詞的句子實(shí)際被看作是肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，因此要用and。
　　典型例題
　　---I don't like chicken ___ fish.　
　　---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much。
　　A. and； and　 B. and； but　C. or； but　D. or；and
　　答案C。否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉(zhuǎn)折。
　　判斷改錯(cuò)：
　　(錯(cuò)) We will die without air and water。
　　(錯(cuò)) We can't live without air or water。
　　(對(duì)) We will die without air or water。
(對(duì)) We can't live without air and water。
單詞及詞組分組辨析
1. clothes, cloth, clothing　　 clothes 統(tǒng)指各種衣服，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)，cloth 指布，為不可數(shù)名詞 clothing 服裝的總稱
　　指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of
2. incident , accident
incident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.
　　3. amount, number
　　amount 后接不可數(shù)名詞，number 后接可數(shù)名詞 a number of students
　　4. family, house, home
　　home 家，包括住處和家人，house 房子，住宅，family 家庭成員。My family is a happy one.
　　5. sound, voice, noise
　　sound 自然界各種各樣的聲音，voice 人的嗓音，noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside.
　　6. photo, picture, drawing
　　photo 用照相機(jī)拍攝的照片，picture 可指相片，圖片，電影片，drawing 畫(huà)的畫(huà)
　　Let's go and see a good picture.
　　7. vocabulary, word
　　vocabulary 詞匯，一個(gè)人擁有的單詞量，word 具體的單詞 He has a large vocabulary.
　　8. population, people
　　population 人口，人數(shù)，people 具體的人 China has a large population.
　　9. weather, climate
　　weather 一天內(nèi)具體的天氣狀況，climate 長(zhǎng)期的氣候狀況 The climate here is not good for you.
　　10. road, street, path, way
　　road 具體的公路，馬路，street 街道，path 小路，小徑，way 道路，途徑
　　take this road; in the street, Show me the way to the museum.
　　11. course, subject
　　course 課程(可包括多門科目)，subject 科目(具體的學(xué)科)a summer course
　　12. custom, habit
　　custom 傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗，也可指生活習(xí)慣，后接 to do，habit 生活習(xí)慣，習(xí)慣成自然，后接 of doing.
　　I've got the habit of drinking a lot.
　　13. cause, reason
　　cause 指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth，reason 用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或
　　結(jié)果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
　　14. exercise, exercises, practice
　　exercise 運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉(不可數(shù))，exercises 練習(xí)(可數(shù))，practice(反復(fù)做的)練習(xí)。
　　Practice makes perfect.
　　15. class, lesson
　　作“課”解時(shí)，兩者可以替換。指課文用 lesson. 指班級(jí)或全體學(xué)生用 class. Lesson 6; Class 5
　　16. speech, talk, lecture　　 speech 指在公共場(chǎng)所所做的經(jīng)過(guò)準(zhǔn)備的較正式的演說(shuō)，talk 日常生活中的一般的談話，講話，lecture
　　學(xué)術(shù)性的演講，講課 a series of lecture on …
　　17. officer, official
　　officer 部隊(duì)的軍官，official 政府官員 an army officer
　　18. work, job
　　二者均指工作。work 不可數(shù)，job 可數(shù) a good job。
　　19. couple, pair
　　couple 主要指人或動(dòng)物，pair 多指由兩部分組成的東西 a pair of trousers
　　20. country, nation, state, land
　　country 側(cè)重指版圖，疆域，nation 指人民，國(guó)民，民族，state 側(cè)重指政府，政體，land 國(guó)土，
　　國(guó)家 The whole nation was sad at the news.
　　21. cook, cooker
　　cook 廚師，cooker 廚具 He is a good cook.
　　22. damage, damages
　　damage 不可數(shù)名詞，損害，損失; damages 復(fù)數(shù)形式，賠償金 $900 damages
　　23. police, policeman
　　police 警察的總稱，后接復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，policeman 指某個(gè)具體的警察 The police are questioning
　　everyone in the house.
　　24. problem, question
　　problem 常和困難連系，前面的動(dòng)詞常為 think about, solve, raise，question 常和疑問(wèn)連系，
　　多和ask, answer 連用。
　　25. man, a man
　　man 人類，a man 一個(gè)男人 Man will conquer nature.
　　26. chick, chicken
　　二者均可指小雞，chicken 還可以當(dāng)雞肉 The chicken is delicious.
　　27. telegram, telegraph
　　當(dāng)電報(bào)解時(shí)，telegram 指具體的，telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph
　28. trip, journey, travel, voyage
　　travel 是最常用的，trip 指短期的旅途，journey 指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途，voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip
　　29. sport, game
　　sport 多指戶外的游戲或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，如打球，游泳，打獵，賽馬等;game 指決定勝負(fù)的游戲，通常有一套
　　規(guī)則 His favorite sport is swimming.
　　30. price, prize
　　price 價(jià)格，prize 獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金 win the first prize The price is high/low
　　31. a number of, the number of　　 a number of 許多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of … 的數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The number of
　　students is increasing.
　　32. in front of, in the front of
　　in front of 范圍外的前面，in the front of 范圍內(nèi)的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.
　　33. of the day, of a day
　　of the day 每一天的，當(dāng)時(shí)的，當(dāng)代的，of a day 暫時(shí)的，不長(zhǎng)久的 a famous scientist of the day

　　34. three of us, the three of us
　　three of us 我們(不止三個(gè))中的三個(gè)，the three of us 我們?nèi)齻€(gè)(就三個(gè)人)The three of us
　　--- Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
　　35. by bus, on the bus
　　by bus 表手段，方式，不用冠詞，on the bus 表范圍 They went there by bus.
　　36. for a moment, for the moment
　　for a moment 片刻，一會(huì)兒，for the moment 暫時(shí)，一時(shí) Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
　　37. next year, the next year
　　next year 明年，將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，the next year 第二年，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
　　He said he would go abroad the next year.
　　38. more than a year, more than one year
　　more than a year 一年多，more than one year 超過(guò)一年(兩年或三年等)
　　39. take advice, take the(one's) advice
　　take advice 征求意見(jiàn)，take the advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.
　　40. take air, take the air
　　take air 傳播，走漏，take the air 到戶外去，散步 We take the air every day.
　　41. in a word, in words
　　in a word 總之，一句話， in words 口頭上 In a word, you are right.
　　42. in place of, in the place of
　　in place of 代替，in the place of 在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.
　　43. in secret, in the secret
　　in secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作狀語(yǔ);in the secret 知道內(nèi)情，知道秘密，
　　一般用作表語(yǔ) My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
　　44. a girl, one girl
　　a girl 可泛指所有女孩, one girl 一個(gè)女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?
　　45. take a chair, take the chair
　　take a chair 相當(dāng)于 sit down 坐下，take the chair 開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)
　　50. in charge of, in the charge of　　 in charge of 管理，負(fù)責(zé)照料， in the charge of 由……照料 He is in charge of the matter.
　　The matter is in the charge of her.
　　51. in class, in the class
　　in class 在課上，in the class 在班級(jí)里 He is the best student in the class.
　　52. on fire, on the fire
　　on fire 著火, on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.
　　53. out of question, out of the question
　out of question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的，out of the question 不可能的
　　54. a second, the second
　　a second 又一，再一，the second 第…… He won the second prize.
　　55. by day, by the day
　　by day 白天，by the day 按天計(jì)算 The workers are paid by the day.
　　56. the people, a people
　　the people 指人，a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.
　　57. it, one
　　it 同一物體，one 同類不同一 I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.
　　58. that, this
　　that 指代上文所提到的，this 導(dǎo)出下文所要說(shuō)的 I was ill. That's why ….
　　59. none, nothing, no one
　　none 強(qiáng)調(diào)有多少，nothing, no one 強(qiáng)調(diào)有沒(méi)有，nothing 指物，no one 指人
　　--- How many …/ How much …? --- None.
　　60. anyone, any one
　　anyone 指人，不能接 of，any one 指人物均可，可接 of any one of you
　　61. who, what　　 who 指姓名或關(guān)系，what 指職業(yè)或地位 What is your dad? He is a teacher.
　　62. what, which
　　what 的選擇基礎(chǔ)是無(wú)限制的，which 在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇
　　Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?
　　63. other, another
　　other 后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)，another 后接名詞單數(shù) other students, another student
　　64. not a little, not a bit
not a little 非常，not a bit 一點(diǎn)也不 I'm not a bit tired. 我一點(diǎn)兒也不累。
　　65. many, much, a lot of
　　many 和可數(shù)名詞連用，much 和不可數(shù)名詞連用，a lot of 可數(shù)，不可數(shù)均可，但不用于否定句
　　I haven't many books.
　　66. much more … than, many more … than
　　much more … than 后接形容詞或不可數(shù)名詞，many more … than 后接可數(shù)名詞 many more
　　people, much more water, much more beautiful
　　67. no, not
　　no = not a/any no friend = not a/any friend no water = not any water
　　68. no more than, not more than
　　no more than 相當(dāng)于 only，僅僅，只有，not more than 至多，不超過(guò)
　　69. majority, most
　　majority 只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，most 可數(shù)不可數(shù)均可 the majority of people
　　70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself
　　by oneself 單獨(dú)的，獨(dú)自的，for oneself 為自己，to oneself 供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，
　　自動(dòng)的 The door opened of itself.
　　71. at all, after all
　　at all 根本，全然, after all 到底，畢竟 After all he is a child.
　　72. tall, high
　　tall 常指人或動(dòng)物，high 常指物體 He is tall.
　　73. fast, quickly
　　fast 側(cè)重于指人或物體具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn)，quickly 側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生的快
　　run fast, answer the question quickly
　　74. high, highly
　　high 具體的高，highly 抽象的高，高度的 think highly of
　　75. healthy, healthful
　　healthy 健康的，健壯的，healthful 有益于健康的 healthful exercise
　　76. sleeping, asleep, sleepy　　 sleeping 正在睡覺(jué)，asleep 睡著，熟睡，只能做表語(yǔ)，sleepy 困的，有睡意的
　　a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.
　　77. gold, golden
　　gold 指真金制品，golden 指金色的，但金魚(yú)用 gold fish, a gold ring
　　78. most, mostly
　　most 用于表感受的肯定句中，相當(dāng)于 very，當(dāng)大部分，大多數(shù)解時(shí)是形容詞或名詞，
　　mostly 大部分，是副詞 most people, the people are mostly …
　　79. just, very
　　just 表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，very 表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)是形容詞，用作定語(yǔ) the very man, just the man
　　80. wide, broad
　　wide 側(cè)重于一邊到另一邊的距離，broad 側(cè)重于幅面的寬廣broad shoulders
　　81. real, true
　　real 真的，真實(shí)的，指的是事實(shí)上存在而不是想象的，true 真的，真正的，指的是事實(shí)和實(shí)際情況相符合
　　real gold, a true story
　　82. respectful, respectable
　　respectful 尊敬，有禮貌，respectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged
　　83. outwards, outward
　　二者均可用作副詞，表示向外，外面，outward 還可用作形容詞 an outward voyage
　　84. pleasant, pleased, pleasing
　　pleasant 常用作定語(yǔ)，pleased, pleasing 常用作表語(yǔ)，pleased 主語(yǔ)常為人，
　　pleasing 主語(yǔ)常為物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.
　　85. understanding, understandable
　　understanding 明白事理的，能體諒的，understandable 可理解的，能夠懂的
　　an understanding girl, an understandable mistake
　　86. close, closely
　　close 接近，靠近，closely 緊緊地，緊密地 closely connected, stand close
　　87. ill, sick
　　ill 做表語(yǔ)，sick 定，表均可 a sick boy
　　88. good, well
　　good 形容詞，well 副詞，但指身體狀況是形容詞 He is well again.
　　89. quiet, silent, still
　quiet 安靜的，可以發(fā)出小的聲音，silent 不發(fā)出聲音，但可以動(dòng)，still 完全不動(dòng)，完全無(wú)聲響
　　He stand there still. 他站在那兒，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，也不說(shuō)話。
　　90. hard, hardly
　hard 努力，hardly 幾乎不 work hard, I can hardly believe it.
　　91. able, capable　　 able 與不定式 to do 連用，capable 與 of 連用 He is capable of doing …
　　92. almost, nearly
　　二者均為“幾乎,差不多”和否定詞連用用 almost almost nobody
　　93. late, lately
　　late 遲，晚，lately 最近，近來(lái) I haven't seen him lately.
　　94. living, alive, live, lively
　　living, alive, live 均為活著的，living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定語(yǔ)后置，live 只能做

　　定語(yǔ)，lively 意為活波的 all the living people = all the people alive
　　95. excited, exciting
　　excited 使人興奮的，exciting 令人興奮的 I'm excited. The news is exciting.
　　96. deep, deeply
　　deep 具體的深，deeply 抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep
　　97. aloud, loud
　　aloud 出聲地，loud 大聲地 read aloud (出聲地讀)
　　98. worth, worthy
　　二者均為值得，worth 后接 doing，worthy 后接 to be done126. care about, care for
　care about 關(guān)心，計(jì)較，在乎，一般多用于否定句中;care for 關(guān)心，照料，喜歡，愿意
　　He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.
　　99 catch a cold, have a cold
　　catch a cold 不能和表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用，而 have a cold 可以
　　She has had a cold for a week.
　　100. change for, change into
　　change for 調(diào)換成，change into 變成
　　Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.
　　101. continue, last
二者均為持續(xù)，continue 主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)均可，last 只能用主動(dòng)
　　The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
　　102. feed, raise
　　feed 喂養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)活，飼養(yǎng) (to give food to)，raise 飼養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育 (cause to grow, bring up children)
　　raise the family
　　103. go for a doctor, go to a doctor
　　go for a doctor 去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生，go to a doctor 去看病
　　104. notice, observe, catch sight of
　　notice 注意到，observe 觀察，仔細(xì)地看，catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars
　　105. insist on, stick to
　　insist on 堅(jiān)持要求，后常接 doing, stick to 堅(jiān)持, 后常接 sth., stick to the plan
　　106. look, seem, appear　　 look 指從外表上看，seem 指內(nèi)心的判斷，appear 指給人以表面的印象 appear wise,
　　look like his father
　　107. gather, collect
　　gather 把分散的東西集中到一起，collect 指精心地、有選擇地進(jìn)行收集 collect stamps
　　108. mean to do, mean doing
　　mean to do 打算，想要做某事，mean doing 意思是，意味著
　　By this I mean giving the students more practice.
　　109. die from, die of
　　die from 表示死于(槍)傷，虛弱，過(guò)度勞累，飲食過(guò)度等，die of 表示死于疾病，饑餓，
　　寒冷，年老，憂愁，失戀等精神因素 die of hunger and cold
　　110. pay for, pay back, pay off
　　pay for 為…付錢，pay back 還錢，但不一定還清，pay off 還清 pay for the book, pay off the debt
　　111. divide, separate
　　divide 把一個(gè)整體分成幾部分，separate 把連在一起的個(gè)體分開(kāi)
　　divide the apple, separate the houses
　　112. arrive, get, reach
　　arrive 不及物動(dòng)詞，后接 in (大地點(diǎn))，at(小地點(diǎn))，get 不及物動(dòng)詞后接 to，reach 及物動(dòng)詞
　　arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
　　113. grow, plant
　　grow 使某種植物在某地生長(zhǎng)著或使其發(fā)展下去，plant 移植，移栽已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)成秧苗的植物
　　plant the trees, trees are growing
　　114. manage, try
　　manage to do 設(shè)法做成了某事，try to do 盡力去做某事但不一定成功
　　He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.
　　115. choose, select
　　choose 憑個(gè)人的判斷力進(jìn)行選擇，select 有目的地仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地選擇 choose the best answer
　　116. build, put up, set up, found
　　build 一般用語(yǔ)，建成，put up 臨時(shí)搭建，set up 建成(內(nèi)部的設(shè)施基本齊全)，
　　found 國(guó)家或組織的建成 put up a tent, set up a school
　　117. be familiar to, be familiar with
　　be familiar to 某物對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的，be familiar with 某人熟悉某物
　　The book is familiar to me. I'm familiar with the book.
　　118. agree with, agree to, agree on
　　agree with 同意某人，agree to 同意某事，agree on 在……上達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)
　　agree with you, agree to the plan
　　119. throw to, throw at
　throw to 扔到……, throw at 朝……扔 He throw a stone at me.
　　120. receive, accept
　　receive 收到某一東西，但不一定接受，accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.
　　121. wear, put on, dress
　　wear 和 dress 表狀態(tài), wear 接衣服等，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)，dress 接人，be dressed in, put on 表動(dòng)作
　　It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.
　　122. listen, hear
　　listen 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，hear 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 I listened, but I heard nothing.
(一) 形容詞和副詞
　　I. 要點(diǎn)
　　A. 形容詞
　　1、 形容詞的用法
　　形容詞是用來(lái)修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)，有時(shí)還可作狀語(yǔ)。如：
　　He is honest and hardworking.
　　I found the book interesting.
　　某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
　　The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
　　The English like to be with their families.
　　多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞的順序：
　　冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國(guó)籍+材料+名詞。如：　the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
　　2、 形容詞比較等級(jí)的形式
　　(1) 規(guī)則形式
　　一般說(shuō)來(lái)，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加-er; --est 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)；其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more, most.如：
　　great-greater-greatest
　　busy-busier-busiest
　　important-more important-(the)most important
　　(2) 不規(guī)則形式
　　good (well)-better-best
　　bad (ill)-worse-worst
　　many (much)-more-most
　　little-less-least
　　(3) 形容詞比較等級(jí)的用法
　?、俦硎緝烧叩谋容^，用形容詞的比較級(jí)+than. 如：
　　He is cleverer than the other boys.
　　This one is more beautiful than that one.
　?、诒硎緝烧咭陨系谋容^，用"the +形容詞最高級(jí)(+名詞)+of(in) …"如：
　　He is the cleverest boy in his class.
　?、郾硎緝烧呤峭瘸潭?，用"as +形容詞原級(jí)+as". 如：
　　He is as tall as I.
　　I have as many books as you.
　?、?越… 越…
　　例如：The more I learn, the happier I am.
　?、?You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
　　又如：You can never praise the teacher too highly.
　　你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過(guò)分。
　　⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
　　那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。
　　I have never had a better dinner.

　　這是我吃過(guò)的最好的一頓飯。

　?、?My English is no better than yours.

　　我的英語(yǔ)和你的英語(yǔ)都不怎么樣。

　　B.副詞

　　1、 副詞的種類

　　(1) 時(shí)間副詞 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

　　(2) 地點(diǎn)副詞 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
　　(3) 方式副詞 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
　　(4) 程度副詞 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
　　2、 副詞比較等級(jí)的用法
　　其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級(jí)前可省略定冠詞。如：
　　Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
　　We must work harder.
　　3、 某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別
　　(1) already, yet, still
　　already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如：
　　We've already watched that film.
　　I haven't finished my homework yet.
　　He still works until late every night.
　　(2) too, as well, also, either
　　too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，too和as well多用于口語(yǔ)，一般放在句末，而also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問(wèn)句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
　　He didn't go there either.
　　I like you as well.
　　I also went there.
　　(3) hard, hardly
　　hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：
　　I work hard every day.
　　I can hardly remember that.
　　(4) late, lately
　　lately意為"最近、近來(lái)"，late意為"晚、遲"。如：
　　He never comes late.
　　Have you been to the museum lately?
　　例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
　　A high enough 　B tall enough
　　C enough high 　C enough tall
　　解析：該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。
　　例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
　　A When I take more medicine
　　B The more medicine I take
　　C Taking more of the medicine
　　D More medicine taken
　　解析：該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級(jí)+… , the +形容詞比較級(jí)+…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加重。
　　例3"I haven't been to London yet".
　　"I haven't been there ____".
　　A too 　B also 　C either 　D neither
　　解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不"，而C-either則用于否定句中，意為"也"。
　　例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
　　A deep 　B deeply 　C very deep 　D quite deeply
　　解析：該題正確答案為B。A. deep用于副詞時(shí)，修飾具體的深，如dig deep,而B(niǎo)-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞，不能互相修飾。
(二) 介詞
　I. 要點(diǎn)
　　1、介詞和種類
　　(1) 簡(jiǎn)單介詞，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
　　(2) 復(fù)合介詞，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
　　2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系
　　(1) 和動(dòng)詞的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
　　(2) 和形容詞的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
　(3) 和名詞的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
　　3、介詞短語(yǔ)可以有自己的修飾語(yǔ)，這種修飾語(yǔ)通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數(shù)幾個(gè)副詞。如：
　　He came right after dinner.
　　He lives directly opposite the school.
　　4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
　　(1) at, on, in(表時(shí)間)
　　表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不確定的時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
　　指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
　　指長(zhǎng)于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
　　(2) between, among(表位置)
　　between僅用于二者之間，但說(shuō)三者或三者以上中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也用between, 如
　　I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
　　The village lies between three hills.
　　among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：
　　He is the best among the students.
　　(3) beside, besides
　　beside意為"在…旁邊"，而besides意為"除…之外"。如：
　　He sat beside me.
　　What do you want besides this?
　　(4)in the tree, on the tree
　　in the tree 指動(dòng)物或人在樹(shù)上，而on the tree 指果實(shí)、樹(shù)葉長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上
　　(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
　　on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道
　　by the way 指順便問(wèn)一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
　　(6)in the corner, at the corner
　　in the corner 指在拐角內(nèi) at the corner 指在拐角外
　　(7)in the morning, on the morning
　　in the morning 是一般說(shuō)法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
　　(8)by bus, on the bus
　　by bus 是一般說(shuō)法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車
　　II. 例題
　　例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
　　A except B but C beside D besides
　　解析：A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but，意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"在…旁邊"，不符合題意。而D-besides, 　　意為"除了…之外，還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語(yǔ)外，你還知道別的語(yǔ)言嗎？
　　例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
　　A on B at C in D during
　　解析：我們均知道，at night這一短語(yǔ)，但如果night前有修飾詞，表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞on來(lái)修飾，故該題正確答案為A。
　　例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
　　A to B in C at D on
解析：該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配，意為"期望、盼望"?！?


(三) 連詞
　　I. 要點(diǎn)
　　1、 連詞的種類
　　(1) 并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
　　(2) 從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
　　除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)外，還有其它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)。
　　2、 常用連詞舉例
　　(1)and 和，并且
　　They drank and sang all night.
　　(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
　　Both my parents and I went there.
　　(3) but 但是，而
　　I'm sad, but he is happy.
　　(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
　　Either you're wrong, or I am.
　　(5) for因?yàn)?br /> 　　I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
　　(6) however 然而，可是
　　Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go
　　(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
　　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
　　(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
　　He not only sings well, but also dances well.
　　(9) or 或者，否則
　　Hurry up, or you'll be late.
　　Are you a worker or a doctor?
　　(10) so 因此，所以
　　It's getting late, so I must go.
　　(11) although 雖然
　　Although it was late, they went on working.
　　(12) as soon as 一 …就
　　I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
　　(13) because 因?yàn)?br /> 　　He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
　　(14)unless 除非，如果不
　　I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
　　(15)until 直到…
　　He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動(dòng)詞用于not… until 結(jié)構(gòu))
　　He stayed there until eleven.
　　(16)while 當(dāng)…時(shí)候，而 (表示對(duì)比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞)
　　My pen is red while his is blue.
　　(17)for 因?yàn)?br /> 　　He was ill, for he didn't come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來(lái)的)
　　(18)since自從…
　　I have lived here since my uncle left.
　　(19)hardly… when 一… 就
　　I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
　　(20)as far as 就… 來(lái)說(shuō)
　　As far as I know, that country is very small.
　　You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
　　II. 例題
　　例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
　　A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
　　解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
　　例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
　　A when B where C which D while
　　解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。
　　例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
　　A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
　　解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。
(四)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)
　　I. 要點(diǎn)
　　1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
　　(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
　　(2) 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
　　2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
　　(1) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：
　　What are you doing now?
　　(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常含有某種情感。如：
　　He is always doing good deeds.
　　3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
　　主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
　　4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
　　表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
　　I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
　　We're going to see a film next Monday.
　　5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
　　表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago.
　　6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
　　表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：
　　What were you doing this time yesterday?
　　7、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
　　表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如：

　　The train had already left before we arrived.

　　8、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　表示說(shuō)話人從過(guò)去的角度來(lái)看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

　　He said he would come, but he didn't.
　　9、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。
　時(shí)／式 　　　　　一般　　　　　　 進(jìn)行 　　　　　　完成
現(xiàn)在 am is 　given are am is 　being are has 　　　been given have
過(guò)去 was 　　　given were was 　　being given were had been given
將來(lái) shall 　　　be given will shall 　　　have been given will
過(guò)去將來(lái) should 　　　be given would should 　　　have been given would
II.例題 例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
　　A had died B died C dead D is dead
　　解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，但因從句中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 1950, 所以不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
　　例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
　　A is looked B has looked for
　　C is being looked for D has been looked
　　解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，而不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中。
(五)動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣
　　I. 要點(diǎn)
　　表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。
　　1、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成
　　注：如果條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或had, should, could有時(shí)可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：
　　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
　　2、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用
　　(1) 在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語(yǔ)形式是"should(可省) ＋動(dòng)詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。
　　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
　　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
　　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
　　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.
　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
　　(2) 在賓語(yǔ)從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
　　I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
　　(3) 在表語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
　　His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
　　(4) 在同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
　　We received order that the work be done at once.
　　(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"或
　　"should ＋動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.
　　II. 例題
　　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.
　　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
　　解析：該題正確答案為D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
　　例2 "Mary wants to see you today".
　　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
　　A comes B came C should come D will come
　　解析：該題正確答案為B。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)表示。
　　例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.
　　A had done B might have done C might do D would do
　　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為B
核心句型（50）
1.welcome to sp歡迎到某地
　Eg.Welcome to China。
2.What’s them atter with sb./sth？
　　出什么毛病了？
　Eg.What’s them atter with your watch？
3.bedifferent from與---不同
Eg.The weather in Beijingis different from that of Nanjing。
4.be the same as與……相同
　Eg.His trousers are the same as mine。
5.befriendly to sb。對(duì)某人友好
　Eg.Mr.Wang is very friendly to us。
6.want to do sth。想做某事
　Eg.I want to go to school。
7.want sb.to do sth。想讓某人做某事
　Eg.I want my son to go to school。
8.what to do做什么
　Eg.We don’t know what to do next。
9.let sb.do sth。讓某人做某事
　Eg.Let him enter the room。
10.let sb.not do sth。讓某人不做某事
　Eg.Let him not stand in the rain。
11.why don’t you do sth？
　怎么不做某事呢？
　Eg.Why don’t you play football with us？
12.why not do sth.？
怎么不做某事呢？
　Eg.Why not play football with us？
13.make sb.sth。為某人制造某物
　Eg.My father made me a kite。
14.make sth for sb。為某人制造某物
　Eg.My father made a kite for me。
15.What…mean by…？
　做……是什么意思？
　Eg.What do you mean by doing that？
16.like doing sth。喜愛(ài)做某事
　Eg.Jim likes swimming。
17.like to do sth。喜愛(ài)做某事
　Eg.He doesn’t like to swim now。
18.feel like doing sth。想做某事
　Eg.I feel like eating bananas。
19.would like to do sth。愿意做某事Eg.Would you like to go rowing with me
20.would like sb.to do sth。愿意某人做某事
Eg.I’d like you to stay with me tonight。
21.make sb.do sth。逼使某人做某事
Eg.His brother of ten make shim stay in the sun。
22.let sb.do sth。讓某人做某事
　Eg.Let m1e sing a song for you。
23.have sb.do sth。使某人做某事
Eg.You shouldn’t have the students work so hard。
24.be far from sp離某地遠(yuǎn)
　Eg.His school is far from his home。
25.be near to sp離某地近
　Eg.The hospital is near to the post office。
26.be good at sth./doing sth。
擅長(zhǎng)某事/做某事
　Eg.We are good at English。
　　 They are good at boating。
27.It takes sb.sometime to do sth。
　　某人花多少時(shí)間做某事
Eg.It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes。
28.sb.spend sometime/money(in) doing sth。
　　某人花多少時(shí)間做某事
　Eg.I spent twenty years in writing the novel（小說(shuō)）。
　　29.sb.spend sometime/money on sth。
　　某事花了某人多少時(shí)間/金錢
　　Eg.Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike。
30.sth.cost sb.some money。
　　某物花了某人多少錢
　Eg.The bike cost Jim1000 yuan。
31.sb.pay some money for sth。
　　某人為某物付了多少錢
　Eg.Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike。
32.begin/start with sth。開(kāi)始做某事
Eg.The started the meeting with a song。
33.be going to do sth。打算做某事
　Eg.We are going to study in Japan。
34.call AB 叫AB
　Eg.They called the village Gum tree。
35.thank sb.for sth./doing sth。
　　感謝某人做某事
　Eg.Thank you for your help。
　　 Thank you for helping me。
36.What……for？為什么
　Eg.What do you learn English for？
37.How/what about doing sth.？
　　做某事怎么樣？
　Eg.How about going fishing？
38.S+be+the+最高級(jí)+of/in短語(yǔ)=
　　Eg.Lucy is the tallest in her class。
39.S+be+比較級(jí)+than any other+n。
　Eg.Lucy is taller than any other student in her class。
40.have to do sth。不得不做某事
　Eg.I have to go home now。
41.had better do sth。最好做某事
　Eg.You’d better study hard at English。
42.had better not do sth。最好別做某事
　Eg.You’d better not stay up。
43.help sb.to do sth。幫助某人做某事
　Eg.Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes。
44.help sb.do sth。幫助某人做某事
　Eg.He usually helps me learn English。
45.help sb.with sth。幫助某人做某事
Eg.I sometimes help my mother with the housework。
46.make it+時(shí)間 把時(shí)間定在幾點(diǎn)
E g. Let‘ s make it 8：30.
47.take sb.to sp帶某人到某地
Eg.Mr.Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday。
49.have nothing to do (with sb)
　　與某人沒(méi)有關(guān)系
　　Eg.That has nothing to do with me。
　　50.主語(yǔ)+don’t think+從句
　　認(rèn)為……不……
　　Eg.I don’t think it will rain tomorrow。

主謂一致應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題
主謂一致是一個(gè)很重要的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，其中有些很重要的問(wèn)題要注意。
　　1.many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。
　　如：Many a student has been to Japan before.(很多學(xué)生去過(guò)日本。)
　　2.某些復(fù)數(shù)名詞如：shoes，glasses，trousers，scissors等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果前面有量詞出現(xiàn)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
　　如：The trousers there are expensive.(那的褲子很貴。)
　　3.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)中包括with，along with，as well as，together with，besides，except，but，including等時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和這些詞前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
　　如：Tom,together with his family is going on holiday.(湯姆和他的家人一起去度假。)
　　4.時(shí)間、距離、金錢、重量等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
　　如：Five dollars is enough.(五美元就足夠了。)
　　5.由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
　　如：What they said is right.(他們所說(shuō)的是正確的。)
　　6.固定結(jié)構(gòu)each+單數(shù)名詞+and、each+單數(shù)名詞或every+單數(shù)名詞+and、every+單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
　　如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat.(每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有座位了。)
　　7.a number of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;the number of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
　　如：A number of people are trying to learn English. (很多人在努力學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
　　 8 .動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
　　如：To see is to believe.(眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。)
初中英語(yǔ)句型大搜集

Lesson 1
　　關(guān)鍵句型全總結(jié)（一）
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：關(guān)于寫信詢問(wèn)某事的句型
　　1．I'm writing to request more information about the day tour to London.
　　2. I'm writing for more information about the day tour to London.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：關(guān)于詢問(wèn)具體細(xì)節(jié)的句型
　　1. I'd like to know if you have any special prices for students.
　　2. What about time for shopping? Is it included in the schedule?
　　3. As for lunch, is it included in the price?
　　4. Can you tell me more details about the trip?
　　5. Please let me know the scheduled return time.
　　6. I wonder if you could tell me more about the trip.
　　7. I also want to know how long the tour will last.
　　8. I have one final question, is there any time scheduled for shopping?
Lesson 2
　　關(guān)鍵句型全總結(jié)（二）
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的句型
　　1. In my opinion, …在我看來(lái)……。
　　2． As far as I am concerned,…就我看來(lái)……。
　　3. Personally,…我個(gè)人認(rèn)為……。
　　4. From my point of view，… 在我看來(lái)……。
　　5. I think (that)…我認(rèn)為……。
　　6.As I see it.…在我看來(lái)……。
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：闡述論據(jù)的句型（以本題為例）
　　1. For one reason…For another reason…
　　? 一個(gè)大原因是……。另一個(gè)原因是……。
　　2. What's more…此外…。
　　3. On the one hand, …on the other hand,…
　　? 一方面……，另一方面……。
Lesson 3
　　關(guān)鍵句型全總結(jié)（三）
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示肯定的句型
　　1. I'm sure you'll like the delicious Chinese food here!
　　2. I believe you will find Chinese food delicious.
　　3. I'm convinced that you'll love Chinese food.
　　5. I bet you will love Chinese food!
關(guān)鍵句型二：表示為某人提供某物
1. We'll provide you with a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV.
　　2. We'll provide a room with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV for you.
　　3. We'll supply you with a room that has a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV.
　　4. We'll supply a room with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV for you.
　　5. We'll prepare a room with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs, and a TV for you.
　　6. You will have a room of your own with a bed, a desk, a couple of chairs and a TV.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表示提供幫助的句型
　　?? 表示提供幫助的句型非常多，我們旨在拋磚引玉，只給出幾個(gè)參考句型，希望同學(xué)們自己努力思考，平時(shí)留意悼念相關(guān)的句型，為自己增加財(cái)富！
　　1. Please set me know if you have any questions or requests.
　　2. Just call me if there's anything you need.
　　3. (Please) let me know if there's anything I can help you with.
　　4. Don't hesitate to ask for help if you have any questions or requests.
　　5. I'll be glad to help if you have any questions or requests.
　　6. I'd be glad if I could help.
　　關(guān)鍵句型四：表示盡力做某事的句型
　　1. We'll try our best to make your stay here in Beijing a pleasant experience.
　　2. We'll do everything we can to help you enjoy your stay here in Beijing.
　　3. We'll do all we can to help you have a good time in Beijing.
　　4. We'll do our best to make your stay in Beijing a happy one!
Lesson 4
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：講故事開(kāi)頭的句型
　　1. Once upon a time there was a farmer who worked hard in the fields every day.
　　2. There once was a farmer who worked very hard every day.
　　3. Long long ago, there lived a farmer who worked very hard every day.
　　4. One day, the farmer heard something odd as he wad hoeing.
　　關(guān)鍵句型 二：陳述學(xué)到某種道理的句型
　　1. The story tells us that if you want to get something, you must work hard for it.
　　2. From the story, we learn that only by working hard can we get what we want.
　　3. The story suggests: "No pains, no gains."
　　4. The lesson in this story is that you must work hard to get what you want.
Lesson 5
　　? 關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)信息來(lái)源的句型
　　1. I read in the newspaper that…
　　2.I learned from the newspaper that…
　　3. By reading today's newspaper that…
　　4.It says in today's newspaper that…
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：提出建議的句型
　　關(guān)于提建議的句型非常多，這里我們只給幾個(gè)適用于這道題的提建議句型：
　　1. I think this is a good chance for you to…
　　2. I'd like to suggest you…
　　3. I think you might like to…
　　4. I was wondering if you'd like to…
　　Jim's Contribution:
　　?? I think this is a good chance for you to enter the English Speaking Competition.
　　?我認(rèn)為這是你參加英語(yǔ)演講比賽的一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：主動(dòng)提供幫助的句型
　　?主動(dòng)提供幫助的句型我們已經(jīng)在第一課學(xué)習(xí)了不少，這里我們?cè)俳o大家提供幾個(gè)句型：
　　1. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be glad to…
　　2. If there is anything I can do for you, it will be my great pleasure to…
　　3. Just tell me if I can be of any help.
　　4. Don't hesitate to ask if you need any help.
　　5. I would be very pleased to do anything that would help you.
Lesson 6
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示歡迎的句型
　　1. Welcome to China.
　　2. I am glad to learn that you are coming to China.
　　3. I feel very honored to have you here in China.
　　4. My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：告知他人的句型
　　1. Now let me tell you what we are going to do.
　　2. I would like to tell you what we are going to do.
　　3. I'll let you know what we are going to do.
　　4. Let me fill you in on what we are going to do.
　　? 【fill sb. In on: 對(duì)某人提供……的情況】
　　5. I'll give you the details / story / lowdown on what we are going to do.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表達(dá)期待某事的句型
　　1. I'm looking forward to meeting you soon.
　　2. I expect to meet you soon.
　　3. I'm eager to meet you soon.
　　4. I can't wait to meet you soon.
　　1. Our school will arrange for some top students to go to America for the summer camp.
　　?? 我們學(xué)校將組織一些優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生到美國(guó)去參加夏令營(yíng)。
　　2. What are you going to arrange for us during our stay in your city?
　　? 在我們呆在你所信的城市期間，你將為我們安排些什么活動(dòng)呢？
?Lesson 7
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)歉意的句型
　　1. I'm really / terribly / awfully sorry for not being able to attend the lecture.
　　2. I am so sorry that I won't be able to attend the lecture.
　　3. I'm afraid that I won't be able to attend the lecture.
　　4. Excuse me for not being able to attend the lecture.
　　5. Please forgive me for not being able to attend the lecture.
　　6. I apologize for not being able to attend the lecture.
　　7. Please accept my apologies for not being able to attend the lecture.
關(guān)鍵句型 二；說(shuō)明理由的句型
1. Because I have to meet my uncle at the airport, I won't be able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon.
　　2. Because of my promise to meet my uncle at the airport, I won't be able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon.
　　3. Since I have to meet my uncle at the airport, I won't be able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon.
　　4. I won't be able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon, for I have to meet my uncle at the airport.
　　5. I have to meet my uncle at the airport, and that's why I won't be able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon.
　　6. The reason for my absence from the lecture tomorrow afternoon was that I have to meet my uncle at the airport.
　　7. Let me explain why I won't be able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon.
　　8. It's because I have to meet my uncle at the airport that won't be able to attend the lecture tomorrow afternoon.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：關(guān)于詢問(wèn)的句型
　　1. I was wondering if I could take a photo here.
　　2. I wonder if it is possible to take a photo here.
　　3. I want to know if I can take a photo here.
　　4. Could you please tell me if I could take a photo here?
　　5. I'd like to find out if I could take a photo here.
　　關(guān)鍵句型 四：提出請(qǐng)求的句型
　　1. Could I borrow the tape, please?
　　2. May I borrow the tape?
　　3. I'd like to borrow the tape.
　　4. Do you think I could borrow the tape?
Lesson 8
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"花時(shí)間做某事"的句型
　　1. They spend 25 minutes doing sports every day.
　　2. The students put 25 minutes into sports activities every day.
　　3. They put in 25 minutes doing sports every day.
　　4. 25 minutes is spent on the sports every day.
　　5. 25 minutes is taken up by sports activities every day.
　　6. 25 minutes goes into sports every day.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表達(dá)看法的句型
　　1. I think the school should encourage the students to exercise more after class.
　　2. In my opinion, the school should encourage the students to exercise more after class.
　　3. Personally, I believe the students should get more exercise after class.
　　4. After reading these charts, I can't help thinking that the school should encourage the students to exercise more after class.
　　5. If you ask me, I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class.
　　6. It seems to me that the school should encourage the students to get more exercise after class.
　　7. I'd just like to say the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class.
　　8. I'd like to point out that the students should exercise more after class.
　　9. As far as I'm concerned, the students should do more exercise after class. 【as far as I'm concerned: 就我而言】
　　10. From my point of view, the school should encourage the students to exercise more after class.
Lesson 9
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)可能性的句型
　　1. Maybe you lost the money on your way home. Or maybe you lent the money to one of your friends but you forgot about it.
　　2. You probably lost the money on your way home.
　　3. It's even possible that you lost the money on your way home.
　　4. It's likely that you lost the money on your way home.
　　5. There's also another possibility that you lost the money on your way home.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表達(dá)安慰的句型
　　1.?Take it easy.
　　2. It's no big deal.
　　3. It's nothing to worry about.
　　4. Don't be such a crybaby.
　　5. Don't worry (about it).
Lesson 10
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示負(fù)責(zé)某事的句型
　　1. Today our teacher put me in charge of the wall newspaper in my class.
　　2. I will take charge of the wall newspaper in my class.
　　3. I will be in charge of the wall newspaper in my class.
　　4. I will take over the wall newspaper in my class.
　　5. I was assigned to take charge of the wall newspaper in my class.
　　6. I'm responsible for the wall newspaper in my class.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二；表達(dá)決定、決心的句型
　　1. I decided to complete the task.
　　2. I'm determined to complete the task.
　　3. I've fixed on completing the task.
　　4. I have made up my mind to complete the task.
　　5. I've make a decision to complete the task.
關(guān)鍵句型三：表達(dá)計(jì)劃的句型
1. I'm thinking of reporting some events that happened around us on the wall newspaper.
　　2. I will report some events that happened around us on the wall newspaper.
　　3. I'm going to report some events that happened around us on the wall newspaper.
　　4. I plan to report some events that happened around us on the wall newspaper.
　　5. I intend to report some events that happened around us on the wall newspaper.
　　6. I propose to report some events that happened around us on the wall newapaper.
Lesson 11
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)看法的句型
　　1. some of them think that it is necessary to start learning English from childhood.
　　2. Some of the students point out that it is good to start learning English from childhood.
　　3. Some of them hold the idea that it is necessary to start learning English at an early age.
　　4. Their point of view is that it is necessary to start learning English from childhood.
　　5. In those people's opinion, it is good to start learning English at ah early age.
　　6. Some of them argue that it is a good idea to start learning English from childhood.
　　 關(guān)鍵句型二：表示支持的句型
　　1. Some of them agree with the idea that English learning should start early I childhood.
　　2. Some of them are for the idea that English learning should start early in childhood.
　　3. Some students think that it is right to start learning English from childhood.
　　4. Some students think it is a good idea to learn English from a young age.
　　5. Some students consider it reasonable to learn English from childhood.
　　【reasonable adj. 合理的；有道理的】
　　6. Some people are in favor of learning English from a young age.
　　7. Some of them approve of the idea that it is good to start learning English from childhood.
　　? 【approve of: 贊成；滿意】
　　8. Some students think that there is something to the notion that English learning should start at a young age. 【notion n. 觀念；想法】
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表示反對(duì)的句型
　　1. Some of them don't think that it is a good idea to start learning English at an early age.
　　2. Other students are opposed to the idea that children should start learning English at a young age.
　　3. Other students don't think it is suitable for the children to start learning English at a young age.
　　4. Some of them are against the idea that it is necessary to learn English from childhood.
　　5. Other students disapprove of the idea that it is necessary to learn English from childhood.
　　? 【disapprove of : 反對(duì)】
　　6. Other students disagreed with the idea that it is necessary to learn English from childhood.
　　7. But others do not agree with the idea that it is necessary to learn English from childhood.
　　8. Some of the students would not like to give their support to the idea that it is necessary to learn English from childhood.
?

Lesson 12
　　關(guān)鍵句型：提出建議的句型
　　1. You can use your pocket money in this way.
　　2. I think? you should use your pocket money in this way.
　　3. I think you can use your pocket money on these things.
　　4. You might as well use your pocket money in this way.
　　5. You'd better use your pocket money in this way.
　　6. It's a good idea to use your pocket money on these things.
　　7. I think it'll do you good to use your pocket money on these things.
　　8. I suggest that you should use your pocket money on these things.
　　9. I would advise you to use your pocket money in this way.
Lesson 13
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句型
　　1. At about 9 o'clock last night, I was doing my homework.
　　2. I was doing some washing when you called me last night.
　　3. He was listening to the English tape when someone knocked at the door.
　　4. Mother was preparing for supper when I went back home from school yesterday afternoon.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：提出要求的句型
　　1. Could you please turn your TV down a bit?
　　2. Would you please turn your TV down a bit?
　　3. Do you mind turning down your TV a little bit?
　　4. Could you possibly turn your TV down a bit?
　　5. Do you think it would be possible to turn your TV down a bit?
　　6. I would appreciate it if you could turn your TV down a bit.
　　? 【I would appreciate it if…如果……我凈很感激。】
關(guān)鍵句型三；道歉的句型
1. I'm awfully sorry that I have disturbed you.
　　2. I'm really sorry to have disturbed you.
　　3. I'm terribly sorry for disturbing you.
　　4. I do apologize for disturbing you.
　　5. A thousand pardons for disturbing you.
　　6. I can't tell you how sorry I am for disturbing you.
Lesson 14
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型
　　1. There was a park near our school.
　　2. Lots of students took part in the lecture yesterday.
　　3. I spent my summer vacation in Shanghai last year.
　　4. The firemen arrived, and soon the fire was under control.
　　5. Last Saturday evening, I went to the movies with some friends.
　　6. Soon two policemen in a police car came and arrested the thief.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示感謝的句型）
　　1. The woman thanked the old man.
　　2. The woman sent her thanks to the old man.
　　3. The woman felt very? grateful to the old man.
　　4. The woman appreciated the old man very much.
　　5. The woman expressed her appreciation to the old man.
　　6. The woman expressed her gratitude for the old man's help.
　　? 【gratitude n. 感激；謝意】
Lesson 15
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)目的的句型
　　1. The purposes of the program are to make our school more beautiful.
　　2. We are carrying out this program in order to make our school more beautiful.
　　3. We are going to carry out this program so as to make our school more beautiful.
　　4. We're trying to create a more beautiful environment for the students.
　　5. We aim to create a more beautiful environment for the students.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二；表示規(guī)劃的句型
　　1. Our school had started on a new program to make the campus more beautiful.
　　2. Our school is staring a new program to make the campus more beautiful.
　　3. The program involves planting trees, building a garden, and decorating the campus.
　　4. The program will be put into action by us planting trees, building a garden, and decorating the campus.
　　5. It's included in the program that student artwork will decorate the halls of our school.
　　6. The program calls for a garden to be built for us to visit and relax.
　　7. In this program, we will set aside a quiet grassy area where we can rest and do some reading.
　　8. We will carry out the program by setting aside a quiet grassy area for us to rest and do some reading.
　　9. According to the program, we will plant different kinds of trees, flowers and grass in and around our school.
關(guān)鍵句型三：歡迎到訪的句型
　　1. Welcome to visit our school.
　　2. If you are free, do come and visit our school.
　　3. I hope you get the chance to visit our school.
　　4. You are welcome to visit our school if you have the chance.
　　5. We would like you to visit our school whenever it is convenient for you.
Lesson 16
關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"到某地度假"的句型
　　1. I will spend this summer holiday / vacation in the countryside.
　　? 【英式英語(yǔ)中說(shuō)"holiday",美式英語(yǔ)中說(shuō)"vacation".】
　　2. I'm going to the countryside during the summer vacation.
　　3. I will go to the countryside for vacation this summer.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表達(dá)不足的句型
　　1. There are still some shortcomings to living in the urban area.
　　2. There are still some disadvantages to living in the city.
　　3. There are still some problems to living in the urban area.
　　4. Life in an urban center brings its own set of problems.
　　5. Life in the city is far from perfect.
　　6. Urban life has it's downside.
　　7. Life for city-dwellers is not all peaches and cream.

Lesson 17
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"位于……"的句型（ ）
　　1. The city is on the banks of the Yangtze River.
　　2. The city lies on the banks of the Yangtze River.
　　3. The city stands on the banks of the Yangtze River.
　　4. The city is located on the banks of the Yangtze River.
　　5. The city is situated on the banks of the Yangtze River.
　　6. The location of the city is on the banks of the Yangtze River.
關(guān)鍵句型二：表示取得發(fā)展的句型
　　1. Its economic status has improved a lot for the past ten years.
　　2. Its economy has been growing very fast for the past ten years.
　　3. Its economy has been developing rapidly for the past ten years.
　　4. The city has made rapid progress in its economy for the past ten years.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表達(dá)看法的句型
　　1. In my view, Jiang Cheng should develop its economy scientifically.
　　2. As far as I'm concerned, Jiang Cheng should develop its economy scientifically.
　　3. In my opinion, Jiang Cheng should develop its economy scientifically.
　　4. I think that Jiang Cheng should develop its economy scientifically.
　　5. From my point of view, Jiang Cheng should develop its economy scientifically.
　　6. As I see it, Jiang Cheng should develop its economy scientifically.
?
Lesson 18
關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)推薦的句型
　　1. I suggest that you buy the following two dictionaries.
　　2. I'd like to recommend the following two dictionaries.
　　3. I'd like to introduce the following two dictionaries to you.
　　4. I believe the following two dictionaries will surely do you good.
　　5. I think the following two dictionaries are good for you to study Chinese.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示包含的句型
　　1. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words.
　　2. It records a large number of words.
　　3. It contains a vocabulary of 10,000 words.
　　4. It consists of a great number of words, notes and sample sentences.
　　5. Many notes telling you how to use words are included in the dictionary.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：描述特點(diǎn)的句型
　　1. The English-Chinese / Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners.
　　2. The Xinhua Dictionary is the most widely used Chinese dictionary.
　　3. The Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary.
　　4. It may be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese.
　　? 【advanced adj. 高級(jí)的；先進(jìn)的】
　　5. It suits the advanced learners of Chinese.
　Lesson 19
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：描述房子的句型
　　1. It's a small apartment, about 25 square meters, with a sitting room, a bathroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.
　　2. It's a small apartment, consisting of a sitting room, a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen.
　　3. In the sitting room, you can see a coffee table, a sofa, a TV set and a stereo.
　　4. In the bedroom, there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：描述"房租多少"的句型
　　1. The rent is 500 yuan per month.
　　2. You should pay 500 yuan a month for the apartment.
　　3. You'll have to pay 500 yuan a month in rent.
　　4. The apartment will cost you 500 yuan per month.
　　5. The landlord will charge you 500 yran every month.
　　6. The apartment will set you back 500 yuan a month.
Lesson 20
　　關(guān)鍵詞一：be going to 打算（做某事）；計(jì)劃（做某事）
　　1. I am going to enjoy myself over the vacation.
　　2. I'm going to spend my summer vacation by the sea.
　　3. I'm going to take part in the summer camp.
　　關(guān)鍵詞二：for example 例如
　　1. You'll have a lot of fun by the sea, For example, you can swim in the sea, play in the sand and collect seashells.
　　2. There are many topics you can write about in your composition. For example, you can talk bout your favorite sport or your favorite song.
　Lesson 21
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"收費(fèi)/免費(fèi)"的句型
　　1. The ticket for entering the park is 50 RMB.
　　2. It will cost you 50 yuan to enter that park.
　　3. It used to be free to enter the park.
　　4. They believe a public park should be free of charge.
　　5. An entrance fee will be charged for the park from next month.
　　? 【李陽(yáng)老師額外奉獻(xiàn)：表示收費(fèi)的其他句型】
　　1. The bill for the dinner is 120 yuan.
　　2. The tuition for this semester is 1500 yuan.
　　3. He was fined 200 RMB for violation of traffic regulation.
　　? 【fine v. 罰款 violation n. 違反（法律等）；違背 regulation n. 規(guī)則；法令】
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示看法的句型
　　1. In their opinions, the fees should be low.
　　2. They think that the fees should be low.
　　3. They believe that the fees should be low.
　　4. They are convinced that the fees should be low.
　　5. They suggest that the fees should be low.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表示"影響（城市形象）"的說(shuō)法）
　　1. It will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will make the city less attractive.
　　2. It will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
　　3. It is certainly harmful to the appearance of a city if everyone litters wherever they like.
　　4. It is not good for the appearance of a city to have such a lake full of rubbish.
　　5. The city's appearance will suffer from the increase in pollution.
　　6. Some factories pour wastewater into the river, which will diminish the beauty of a city.
　　7. It really takes away from the beauty of a city to have such filth everywhere.
　　? 【take away from: 減損 filth n. 垃圾；污物】
　Lesson 22
關(guān)鍵句型一：描述激動(dòng)心情的句型
　　1. I was very excited when I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
　　2. How exciting that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games!
　　3. I couldn't restrain my excitement when I heard that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
　　4. How marvelous that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games!
　　5. How wonderful to hear that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games!
　　6. I'm in a great mood on hearing that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
　　7. It's breathtaking that Beijing won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.
關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"決定做某事"的句型（　
　1. After a brief discussion we decided to put up a wall newspaper for our class.
　　2. After a brief discussion we made a decision to put up a wall newspaper for our class.
　　3. After a brief discussion we fixed on putting up a wall newspaper for our class.
　　4. After a brief discussion we made up our minds to put up a wall newspaper for our class.
　　5. After a brief discussion we set our minds on putting up a wall newspaper for our class.
　　6. After a brief discussion we reached a decision that we should put up a wall newspaper for our class.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：描述驚喜的句型
　　1. Our classmates were surprised and overjoyed when they say the wall newspaper.
　　2. Our classmates were pleasantly surprised when they saw the wall newspaper.
　　3. It was really a surprise to our classmates when they saw the wall newspaper.
　　4. It was really amazing that there was a wall newspaper in the classroom.
　　5. It was beyond their expectations to see the wall newspaper, and all of them were extremely happy/?
Lesson 23
關(guān)鍵句型：表示過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比的句型（
　　1. I had to work on weekends doing endless homework and attending classes in the past. However, things have changed a lot now. I have more free time.
　　2. I used to have to work even on weekends doing endless homework and attending classes. Now I have more free time.
　　3. In the past, I had to work on weekends doing endless homework and attending classes. But now I have more free time.
　　4. It's quite different now. I used to have to work even on weekends doing endless homework and attending classes, but now I have more free time.
　　5. It's not like it used to be at all. Now I have more free time.
　　6. I have more free time than before.
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Lesson 24
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示事情發(fā)生的句型
　　1. The traffic accident happened on February 8,2000.
　　2. The event took place early in the morning on February 8,2000.
　　3. The crossroad where 3rd meets Park Street was where it happened.
　　4. There was a traffic at the intersection of 3rd and Park.
　　5. It occurred on the corner of 3rd and Park.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"觀察；注意"的句型
　　1. I paid attention to the car's license plate.
　　2. I noticed the plate number was AC864.
　　3. I got a look at his license plate. The number was AC864.
　　4. I got his license plate number.
　Lesson 25
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：宣布舉行活動(dòng)的句型
　　1. The Student Union has decided to organize a music week.
　　2. The Student Union will hold a music week.
　　3. A music week will be held by the Student Union.
　　4. We will have a music week held by the Student Union.
　　5. There will be a music week held by the Student Union.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表達(dá)"活動(dòng)包含……"的句型
　　1. The activities will include singing pop songs and playing classical ＆ folk music.
　　2. Among the activities there will be pop singing and classical ＆ folk performances.
　　3. Singing pop songs and playing classical ＆ folk music will be just some of the activities offered.
　　4. There will be many kinds of activities including singing pop songs and playing classical ＆ folk music.
　　5. We will have abundant activities during the music week, such as dinging pop songs and playing classical ＆ folk music.
　　? 【abundant adj. 豐富的；充裕的】
關(guān)鍵句型三；關(guān)于報(bào)名的句型
　　1. If you would like to join us, please tell us before April 20th.
　　2. If you'd like to take part in the music week, please let us know before April 20th.
　　3. Those who are interested, please make sure you are on our list by April 20th.
　　4. If interested, please come and sign up for it before April 20th.
　　5. All wishing to participate please register before April 20th.
　　6. April 20th is the deadline to sign up.
Lesson 26
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：告訴某人某事的句型
　　1. Do you know what has happened in my school?
　　2. Let me tell you a few things about my school.
　　3. I'd like to let you know something about my school.
　　5. I am writing to tell you something about my school.
　　6. I would like you to know something about my school.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"發(fā)生變化"的句型
　　1. Quite a few changes have taken place.
　　2. Quite a few changes have occurred.
　　3. Our school has experienced great changes.
　　4. Many changes have happened at our school.
　　5. Many changes have been made at our school.
　　6. Our school has gone through quite a few changes.
　　? 【go through: 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受】
　　7. There are quite a few changes that have taken place.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：描述方位的句型
　　1. Our school is opposite to the new post office.
　　2. On one side of the river there is a row of trees.
　　3. I will wait for you in front of the gate of the park.
　　4. On the other side now stands a new movie theater.
　　5. We have? made a lot of improvements on and around the campus.
?
　Lesson 27
　　關(guān)鍵詞一：give sb. a warm welcome 熱烈歡迎某人
　　1.When we visited the factory, the workers there gave us a warm welcome.
　　? 當(dāng)我們到工廠參觀的時(shí)候，那里的工人們熱烈地歡迎我們。
　　2. When I got to Mary's house, her family gave me a warm welcome.
　　? 當(dāng)我去到瑪麗家的時(shí)候，她一家人熱烈地歡迎我。
　　3.?Let's give a warm welcome to Professor Li.
　　讓我們熱烈歡迎李教授。
　　關(guān)鍵詞二：show sb. around 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀……
　　1. The farmers showed us around the farm.
　　? 農(nóng)民們帶我們參觀了農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
　　2. This afternoon, I will show you around the city.
　　? 今天下午，我會(huì)帶你參觀這城市。
　　關(guān)鍵詞三：have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快。
　　1. Yesterday, we had great fun playing basketball.
　　? 昨天，我們條籃球打得很愉快。
　　2. Did you have great fun spending your vacation in the countryside?
　　? 你是不是在鄉(xiāng)村度過(guò)了一個(gè)非常愉快的假期？
?
Lesson 28
　　關(guān)鍵詞一：point to 指向；指著
　　1. While talking to us, the young man pointed to a policeman not far away.
　　? 那個(gè)年輕人跟我們說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，指著不遠(yuǎn)處的一個(gè)警察。
　　2. He pointed to that oil painting and told us about its history.
　　? 他指著那幅油畫(huà)，向我們介紹它的歷史。
　　關(guān)鍵詞二：explain v. 解釋；說(shuō)明
　　1. The young man explained why they stopped us.
　　? 那個(gè)年輕人解釋人與人之間為什么攔下我們。
　　2. He explained the reason why he was made to catch the offenders.
　　? 他解釋他被要求抓違章者的原因。
　　3. She explained that her bus hadn't come up on time.
　　? 她解釋說(shuō)她要乘坐的公交車沒(méi)有按時(shí)到達(dá)。
?
Lesson 29
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"學(xué)習(xí)課程"的句型
　　1. Among the subjects I studied in school were Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and computers.
　　2. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and computers.
　　3. I studied many different subjects at school including Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and computers.
　　4. There are many subjects I studied at school, such as Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and computers.
　　5. I studied lots of different stuff in school, including, but not limited to, Chinese, math, English, physics, chemistry and computers. 【非常正式】
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示特長(zhǎng)的句型
　　1. I like English and computers best, and I am very good at them.
　　2. I like English best, and I always got high grades on the English exams.
　　3. My strengths lie in English and computers.
　　? 【strength n. 力量；長(zhǎng)處；優(yōu)點(diǎn)】
　　4. My best subjects were English and computers.
　　5. I did very well in English and computer classes.
　　6. English and computers are my areas of expertise.
　　? 【expertise n. 專門知識(shí)；專門技能】
　　7. I'd say I am quite proficient at English and computers.
　　? 【proficient adj. 熟練的；精通的】
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表達(dá)愛(ài)好的句型
　　1. I like / love playing guitar best.
　　2. In my spare time, I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.
　　3. I'm interested in collecting stamps.
　　4. I'm really fond of skating in winter.
　　5. My favorite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.
　　6. I adore listening to popular music.
　　7. I'm crazy about sports.
　　8. I find great pleasure in listening to pop music.
　　9. I like nothing better than swimming.
Lesson 30
　　關(guān)鍵詞一：hold (a meeting / party / contest) 舉辦/召開(kāi)（會(huì)議/聚會(huì)/比賽等）
　　1. The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening.
　　? 學(xué)生會(huì)計(jì)劃在星期六晚上舉辦一個(gè)晚會(huì)。
　　2. A meeting will be held to discuss how to cope with this problem.
　　3. Our class will hold an English contest next Friday.
　　? 我們班下周五將舉行一次英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽。
　　關(guān)鍵詞二：welcome v. 歡迎
　　1. The Student Union is going to hold a party to welcome our friends from the United States.
　　? 學(xué)生會(huì)打算舉行一個(gè)聚會(huì)來(lái)歡迎來(lái)自美國(guó)的朋友。
　　2. A performance will be put on this evening to welcome the freshmen in our university.
　　? 【freshman n. 新生；大學(xué)一年級(jí)新生】
　　? 為了歡迎我們大學(xué)里的新生，今晚將舉行一場(chǎng)表演。
　　3. My mother prepared a big meal to welcome my classmates.
　　? 為了歡迎我的同學(xué)，媽媽準(zhǔn)備了豐盛的晚餐。
　　關(guān)鍵詞三：exchange (gift)交換（禮物等）
　　1. At the end of the party, students are supposed to exchange gifts.
　　? 在晚會(huì)的最后，學(xué)生們將交換禮品。
　　2. We can use the Internet to exchange information with other people in no time.
　　? 【in no time: 立刻；幾乎馬上地】
　　? 我們可以通過(guò)因特網(wǎng)迅速地和別人交換信息。
　　3. In Mr. Li's class, we are encouraged to exchange our ideas with each other.
　　? 在李老師的課上，他鼓勵(lì)我們相互交流想法。
　　關(guān)鍵詞四：wrap sth. Up 包裹（某物）；包裝（某）
　　1. Remember to wrap it up, sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
　　? 記住把它包裝好，簽上名，并寫上一些祝福的語(yǔ)句
　　2. Wrap the rubbish up with the old newspaper and throw it away, please.
　　? 請(qǐng)用舊報(bào)紙把垃圾包好扔掉。
　　3. The birthday present for Daisy has been wrapped up.
　　? 給戴西的生日禮物已經(jīng)包好了。
Lesson 31
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：買東西的句型（以本題為例）
　　1. Early in the morning we went to buy some presents for my grandma.
　　2. We went to the shop to choose some presents for my grandma.
　　3. We told the shop assistant that we would like to buy some presents for my grandma.
　　4. We told the shop assistant that we were looking for some presents for my grandma.
　　5. We told the shop assistant that we were trying to find something for my grandma's birthday.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：描述用餐的句型
　　1. The meal was nice and we all enjoyed it very much.
　　2. The meal was delicious and we all loved it very much.
　　3. The meal was so nice that we all enjoyed it very much.
　　4. It was such a nice meal that we all enjoyed it very much.
　　5. Because the meal was very nice, we all enjoyed it very much.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：道別的句型
　　1. We said our goodbyes and headed home.
　　2. At 4 o'clock, we said goodbye and set off for home.
　　3. "I am looking forward to seeing you again soon. Goodbye!" I said when I was leaving.
　　4. We all felt very happy today, and we hoped that we could meet again very soon.
　　5. It was time for us to leave. We all considered it nice meeting each other.
　　6. We waved goodbye to them and left for home.
Lesson 32
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示獲獎(jiǎng)的句型
　　1. He won a gold medal in the diving event at the 11th Asian Games.
　　2. He got the first place in the diving event at the 11th Asian Games.
　　3. He won the first prize in the diving event at the 11th Asian Games.
　　4. He became a world champion at the 6th Would Swimming Championships early this year.
　　5. He beat all the other competitors at the 6th World Swimming Championships early this year.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"喜歡做某事"的句型
　　1. He became interested in swimming when he was a little boy.
　　2. He was fond of swimming when he was a little boy.
　　3. He liked/ loved swimming very much when he was a little boy.
　　4. He developed an interest in swimming when he was a little boy.
　　5. He developed a strong passion for swimming when he was very young.
　　【passion n. 激情；熱情】
關(guān)鍵句型三：表示"認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)"的句型
　　1. He studied hard at school.
　　2. He worked hard at school.
　　3. He devoted himself to his studies.
　　4. He gave his studies everything he had.
　　5. He put himself? into his study when he was at school.
　　6. He put his heart into his schoolwork when he was at school.
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　Lesson 33
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"擔(dān)心；憂慮"句型（
　　1. I'm worried about? the effects of television, especially on our children.
　　2. I'm worrying that the TV has more and more impact on our children.
　　3. It's a worry to me that the TV has more and more impacts on our children.
　　4. I'm very concerned that TV has influenced our children greatly.
　　5. I feel great concern for the effects of television, especially on our children.
　　6. I am disturbed by the effects of television, especially on our children.
　　7. The effects of television on our children disquiet me a great deal.
　　? 【disquiet v. 使不安；使憂慮】
關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"仿效"的句型
　　1. Many children copy what they see on TV.
　　2. Many children learn from the bad examples shown on TV.
　　3. After watching the TV programs, many children follow suit.
　　? 【follow suit: 照別人的方式去做；學(xué)樣（尤俯拾皆是壞的方面）】
　　4. Many children are in thrall to what they see on TV.
　　? 【in thrall to: 受……控制；深受……影響】
　　5. Many children are enthralled by what they see on TV.
　　? 【enthrall v. 迷惑；迷住；奴役】
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表示"誘導(dǎo)"的句型
　　1. The advertisements make the children want? things they don't need.
　　2. The advertisements attract the children to ask for things they don't need.
　　3. The advertisements tempt the children to ask for things they don't need.
　　4. The advertisements allure the children to ask for things they don't need.
　　5. The advertisements stimulate the children to ask for things they don't need.
　　6. The advertisements propel the children to ask for things they don't need.
　　關(guān)鍵句型四：表示"導(dǎo)致"的句型
　　1. Many children have to wear glasses, and I believe it is because of the long hours they spend watching TV.
　　2. The long hours the children spend watching TV cause many of them to wear glasses.
　　3. The long hours the children spend watching TV result in many of them having to wear glasses.
　　4. The long hours the children spend watching TV lead to the fact that many of them having to wear glasses.
　　5. Many children end up having to wear glasses due to the long hours they spend watching TV.
　　? 【end up doing: 結(jié)果是……】
?
Lesson 34
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：請(qǐng)假的句型
　　1. I want a day off.
　　2. I am writing to ask you for sick leave.
　　3. She had a day off because she'd got a bad cold.
　　4. I have to take a day off because of the serious headache.
　　5. He requested a leave of absence.
　　6. He was out sick for a day.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：描述生病的句型
　　1. I had a bad cold.
　　2. I had a headache / stomachache / backache / sore throat yesterday. 【sore throat: 喉嚨痛】
　　3. I had got a high fever.
　　4. I feel a pain in my leg.
　　5. There is a serious pain in my back.
6. That night I had a bad attack of diarrhea.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：叫某人做某事的句型
　　1. The doctor asked me to stay in bed for three days.
　　2. The doctor told me to take this medicine three times a day.
　　3. The doctor prescribed medicine and told me not to take it with alcohol.
　　? 【prescribe v. 開(kāi)處方；開(kāi)藥】
　　4. The doctor advised me to stay in bed.
　　5. The doctor suggested drinking more water.
　　6. The doctor's orders were plenty of exercise and Vitamin C.
　　7. The doctor recommended that I rest.
?
Lesson 35
關(guān)鍵句型一：表示感謝（別人的邀請(qǐng)）的句型
　　1. It was very nice of you to invite me.
　　2. It is so kind of you to invite me to spend the summer holidays with you.
　　3. Thank you so much for your kind invitation to spend the summer holidays with you.
　　4. I can't tell you how happy I was to receive your invitation.
　　5. What a delightful idea to spend the summer vacation in your village with you! Thank you.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示拒絕（邀請(qǐng)）的句型
　　1. It was very nice of you to invite me, but I'm sorry to say that I will not be able to come.
　　2. I'm terribly sorry, but I don't think I can make it. Thank you all the same.
　　3. I'd love to spend a few days with you, but I'm afraid I can't.
　　4. Many thanks for your invitation, but I'm afraid that I will not be able to come.
　　5. I wish I could, but I've already fixed something up.
　　? 【fix up: 安排】
關(guān)鍵句型三：表達(dá)"照顧某人"的句型
　1. I will have to look after my mother.
　　2. I have to take care of my mother.
　　3. I'm responsible for my mother's care.
　　4. There's no one but me to watch out for mom.
?　Lesson 36
關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"從事……工作"的句型（
　　1. My mother is a nurse.
　　2. My mother works in a hospital.
　　3. My mother's job is a nurse.
　　4. My mother works as a nurse in a hospital.
　　5. My mother's field is nursing.
　　6. My mother is / works in the nursing profession.
關(guān)鍵句型二；表示稱贊的句型（
　　1. They all say she is a good nurse.
　　2. All the people consider my mother a good nurse.
　　3. Everyone agrees that my mother is an excellent nurse.
　　4. Everyone acknowledges that my mother is a good nurse.
　　5. Lots of people can't help admiring my mother's devotion to her job.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：描述"盡心盡力"力的句型
　　1. She works hard.
　　2. She really puts her heart into helping her patients.
　　3. She does everything she can to ease their suffering.
　　4. Whenever the patients are in trouble, she is always ready to help them.
　　5. She is very kind to the patients and always tries her best to serve them.
　　6. She goes above and beyond the call of duty to make sure her patients are OK.
　　? 【above and beyond: 大于；多于；遠(yuǎn)于】
　　7. She gives her job 110%.
　　? 【 "give sth. 110%"是一個(gè)英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，表示"盡力做某事"，這是一種夸張的說(shuō)法。還可以說(shuō)"give sth. 100%"，但前者用得更多。】

Lesson 37
關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"始建于……"的句型
　　1. It dates from about 770 BC. 【date from:從……就有了】
　　2. It dates back to about 770 BC.【date back to：回溯到】
　　3. It was built in about 770 BC.
　　4. It was constructed in about 770 BC.
　　5. People began to build it in about 770 BC.
　　6. Its construction started in about the year 770 BC.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高的句型（）
　　1. It is more than 6,000 kilometers long, 6 to 7 meters high and 4 to 5 meters wide.
　　2. Its length is 6,000 kilometers, height is 6 to 7 meters and width is 4 to 5 meters.
　　3. It is 6,000 kilometers in length, 6 to 7 meters in height and 4 to 5 meters in width.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三："不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢"的翻譯方法
　　1. You're not a man until you visit the Great Wall.
　　2. You're no man; you've never been to the Great Wall.
　　3. He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
　　4. He who has never been to the Great Wall is hardly a real man.
　　5. How can you call yourself a man if you haven't even been to the Great Wall?
?
Lesson 38
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示出生的句型
　　1. Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in Oak Park, lllinois in the year 1899.
　　2. Ernest Miller Hemingway entered/came into this world in 1899.
　　3. Ernest Miller Hemingway's mother gave birth to him in 1899.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表達(dá)取得成功的句型（以本題為例）
　　1. The Old Man and The Sea was his most successful novel.
　　2. The greatest novel he had published was The Old Man and The Sea.
　　3. His book, The Old Man and The Sea, turned out to be a great success.
　　4. His book, The Old Man and The Sea, won him the Pulitzer Prize.
　　5. For the book, The Old Man and The Sea, he won the Pulitzer Prize.
　　6. Thanks to the book, The Old Man The Sea, he received the Pulitzer Prize.
　　7. His book, The Old Man and The Sea, made a great stir with the public after it was published.
　　? 【make a stir: 引起轟動(dòng)】
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：描述自殺的句型
　　1. He shot himself in 1961
　　2. He took his own life with a gun in 1961.
　　3. He killed himself with a gun in 1961.
　　4. His death, by his own hand, in 1961, was truly a sad event.
　　5. He committed suicide with a gun in 1961.
　　6. He blew himself away in 1961.
　　? 【blow away: 用槍射殺】
Lesson 39
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)遞進(jìn)（除了我，其他人也……）的句型（以本題為例）
　　1. Besides me, most students of our school are against the construction of a chemical works near our school.
　　2. I am against the construction of a chemical works near our school.
　　? Moreover, most students hold the same idea as me.
　　3. Not only I, but also most of the other students of our school disapprove of the construction of a chemical plant near our school.
　　4. Most students of our school, including me, oppose to the construction of a chemical works near our school.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示轉(zhuǎn)折（盡管……但……）的句型
　　1. The works will make a lot of money for our city, but we think it sill do us more harm than good.
　　2. The works will make a lot of money for our city, while we think it will do us more harm than good.
　　3. Though the works will make a lot of money for our city, we think it will do up more harm than good.
　　4. Although the works will make a lot of money for our city, we think it will do us more harm than good.
　　5. Even if the works will make a lot of money for our city, we think it will do us more harm than good.
　　6. The works will make a lot of money for our city. However, we think it will do us more harm than good.
　　7. In spite of the great amount of money the works will make for our city, we think it will do us more harm than good.
　　8. Despite the possibility that the works will make a lot of money for our city, we think it sill do us more harm than good.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表示"對(duì)……有害"的句型（以本題為例）
　　1. The chemical works will do harm to our city.
　　2. It is bad for our city to build a chemical works.
　　3. A chemical works would be a disaster for our city.
　　4. It will be harmful to build a chemical works in our city.
　　5. Building a chemical works could only bring harm to our city.
　　6. The chemical works will have a bad effect on the environment of our city.
　　7. The proposed chemical works will have an adverse effect on our city.
　　? 【adverse acj. 不利的；敵對(duì)的；相反的】
?
Lesson 40
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：（在信中）介紹某人的句型
　　1. I'd like to introduce my younger brother to you.
　　2. Have I ever introduced my younger brother to you:?
　　3. I would like you to get to know my younger brother.
　　4. Let me introduce my younger brother to you.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示擔(dān)心的句型（
　　1. The only problem is his English isn't so great.
　　2. He is afraid that people won't be able to understand him.
　　3. I find it very worrying that his English is not so good.
　　4. It's a worry to me that he won't be able to communicate with the people there.
　　5. I'm very concerned that his poor English will cause him a lot of trouble.
　　6. I'm worried that he won't be able to communicate while visiting tourist attractions or shopping.
關(guān)鍵句型三：請(qǐng)求幫助的句型
　　1. I have a favor to ask you.
　　2. Would you be kind enough to give him as much help as possible?
　　3. Would you be kind enough to give him as much help as possible?
　　4. I'd really appreciate it if you gave him a little help.
　　5. Would you mind looking out for him while he's in the city?
　　? 【look out for: 照料；當(dāng)心】
　　6. Could you please do me a favor and look out for him while he's in the city?
　Lesson 41
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的句型
　　1. People are much richer than before.
　　2. People here now live a much better life than before.
　　3. This small village has become more beautiful than before.
　　4. The teaching building is the biggest building in our village.
　　5. The teaching building is the greatest construction in our village.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"沒(méi)有"句型（以本題為例）
　　1. There were no schools in our village.
　　2. Our little village didn't even have a school.
　　3. We had no schools in our village in the past.
　　4. My hometown is a poor village without school.
　　5. There was not so much as a school in our village.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型
　　1. Children have got a place to have lessons.
　　2. People have built a new school in our village.
　　3. I haven't been back to my hometown for two years.
　　4. Great changes have taken place in our village since 1980.
　　5. The living standard has been greatly improved since 1980.
　　6. Have you ever heard about the changes happened in our village?
?
Lesson 42
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表達(dá)"因……而出名"的句型
　　1. Our area is famous as a great producer of coal, oil and gas.
　　2. Our area is very famous for its coal, oil and gas production.
　　3. Thanks to its coal, oil and gas production, our area became very famous.
　　4. It is well known for its coal, oil and gas production.
　　5. Its reputation for its coal, oil and gas production.
　　6. We made our name for turning out high quality coal, oil and gas.
　　? 【turn out: 生產(chǎn)；制造】
　　7. Our area enjoys a good reputation for turning out a large quantity of coal, oil and gas.
　　? 【enjoy a good reputation for: 因……而享有聲譽(yù)】
關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"對(duì)……有影響"的句型
　　1. The gas production greatly affects the coal and oil production.
　　2. The coal and oil production are greatly affected by the gas production.
　　3. The gas production greatly influences the coal and oil production.
　　4. The gas production has great influence on the coal and oil production.
關(guān)鍵句型三：表示"促進(jìn)……增長(zhǎng)"的句型（
　　1. The opening of new oil ＆ gas fields made the three areas of production increase rapidly.
　　2. The opening of new oil ＆ gas fields led to a rapid increase of the coal, oil and gas production.
　　3. The opening of new oil ＆ gas fields caused a rapid increase of the coal, oil and gas production.
　　4. The opening of new oil ＆ gas fields resulted in a rapid increase of the coal, oil and gas production.
　　5. The opening of new oil ＆ gas fields brought about a rapid increase of the coal, oil and gas production.【bring about: 使發(fā)生；引起；致使】
?
　Lesson 43
關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"起重要作用"的句型
　　1. The Internet is greatly affecting our daily life.
　　2. The Internet is very important to us nowadays.
　　3. The Internet has a big impact on our daily life.
　　4. The Internet is changing the way we live our lives.
　　5. The Internet is transforming the way we live our lives.
　　6. The Internet is playing an important role in people's daily life.
　　7. The Internet is playing an important part in people's daily life.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"與他人取得聯(lián)系"的句型
　　1. I will call you once I get there.
　　2. I keep in touch with my old friends via e-mail.
　　3. Please write to Mr. White to ask for some advice.
　　4. You can make telephone calls to me if you miss me.
　　5. I sent e-mail to my father when he was traveling in London.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表示"利用某物做某事"的句型
　　1. We can listen to music using our computer.
　　2. Many people now use the Internet for study.
　　3. Many students read different kinds of articles via the Internet.
　　4. We can take advantage of the Internet to learn foreign languages.
　　5. I can use the Internet to get information about this ever-changing world.
　　6. Make good use of the Internet, you'll find that you can get a lot of benefits from it.
?Lesson 44
關(guān)鍵句型一：談?wù)搲?mèng)想的句型
　　1. I'm going to be / become a teacher.
　　2. My dream is to be a teacher.
　　3. I dream of becoming a teacher.
　　4. My goal is to become a teacher.
　　5. I want to be / become a teacher in the future.
　　6. I would like to be a teacher in the future.
　　7. I wish to be / become a teacher in the future.
　　8. I hope I will become a teacher in the future.
　　9. I've decided to be a teacher in the future.
　　10. I've made up my mind to become a teacher in the future.
　　11. I'm determined to become a teacher in the future.
　　12. I have a dream and that is to become a teacher in the future.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"浪費(fèi)時(shí)間"的句型
　　1. It's a waste of time persuading him to give up his idea.
　　2. Why are you wasting your time on that stuff?
　　3. I think watching TV is a waste of time.
　　4. I don't want to waste your time.
　　5. No one can afford to waste time.
　　? 【一定要珍惜一分一秒！最大限度地利用你的零碎時(shí)間來(lái)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)吧！】
　　? 【李陽(yáng)老師額外奉獻(xiàn)】
　　?? Any spare moment can be a great opportunity to exercise your English skill. One minute is enough to read a sentence 20 times. Remember, one minute can also produce miracles. Never say that you don't have enough time to learn English!
　　任何零碎時(shí)間都是訓(xùn)練英語(yǔ)技能的好機(jī)會(huì)！一分鐘足以將一個(gè)句子讀20遍。記住：一分鐘也可以創(chuàng)造奇跡。永遠(yuǎn)都不要說(shuō)你沒(méi)時(shí)間學(xué)英語(yǔ)！
關(guān)鍵句型三：表示"獻(xiàn)身于……"的句型
　　1. I will devote myself to the cause of education.
　　2. I will give all my life to the cause of education.
　　3. I will dedicate my life to the cause of education.
　　4. I will make the cause of education my life's work.
　　5. I will work for the cause of education my whole life.
　　6. I will work with all my heart and soul for the cause of education.
　　? 【heart and soul: 全心全意地】
Lesson 45
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"構(gòu)成危害"的句型
　　1. Pollution has become a serious problem to all the nations of the world.
　　2. Pollution has become a great risk to our earth.
　　3. Pollution is a danger to us all.
　　4. Pollution is a threat to mankind.
　　5. Pollution has threatened our lives greatly.
　　6. Pollution has brought great to human beings.
　　7. Pollution troubles / vexes / irritates us no end.
關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"采取措施"的句型
　　1. Something must be done to tackle the problem.
　　2. We've got to do something about pollution right away.
　　3. We must take action now to control pollution.
　　4. We have to take effective measures to solve this problem.
　　5. We should adopt some measures to fight against pollution.
　　6. It's time to take steps to control the increasingly serious pollution.
Lesson 46
關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"成立；建立"的句型
　　1. The Children's Center was set up in 1994.
　　2. The Children's Center opened was built in 1994.
　　3. The Children's Center opened ten years ago.
　　4. The Children's Center was founded ten years ago.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"接待參觀者"的句型
　　1. The Children's Center has had 10 million guests since it opened a decade ago.
　　2. The Children's Center has received over 10 million visitors from all over the country.
　　3. 10 million visitors from all over the country have visited the Children's Center since it opened ten years ago.
　　4. 10 million visitors from all over the country have paid a visit to the Children's Center since it opened ten years ago.
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表示"擠滿了……"的句型
　　1. The children crowd the park's facilities. 【facilities n. (pl.)設(shè)備】
　　2. The park is full of children on weekends.
　　3. A great number of children gather at the park every weekend.
　　4. The children throng the park on Sunday. 【throng v. 群集】
　　5. Children fill the park to capacity on weekends.
　　6. The park is jam-packed with children on Sunday.
關(guān)鍵句型四：表示"洋溢著……"的句型
　　1. The children fill the park with their laughter.
　　2. The park is always full of children's laughter.
　　3. The park resonates with the laughter of children.
　　4. The park is always filled with children's laughter.
　　5. All across the park you can hear the sound of children's laughter.
　　6. The park is turned into a sea of children's laughter every weekend.
?
Lesson 47
關(guān)鍵句型一：表示演講主題的句型
　　1. We are all here today to hold a farewell party for Mr. Green.
　　2. We are gathered here today to say goodbye to Mr. Green, our best teacher.
　　3. The reason why we are here today is to give our best wishes to Mr. Green who will leave us soon for his motherland.
　　4. I am very honored to be here on behalf of all of you to send our best wishes to Mr. Green who will leave us soon for his motherland.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"愛(ài)戴"的句型
　　1. All the students love and respect him very much.
　　2. Mr. Green was such a good teacher that he was respected by all of us.
　　3. We all have the utmost respect for him because he's such a great teacher.
　　4. All of us hold him in high regard, for he's an excellent teacher.
　　5. We hold him in high esteem, for he's an excellent teacher.
　　? 【esteem n. 尊敬；尊重】
　　關(guān)鍵句型三：表達(dá)謝意的句型（
　　1. We will express our gratitude to him.
　　2. We would like to extend our gratitude to him.
　　3. Words can't tell how much his teaching meant to us.
　　4. I'd like to say "thank you " to him on behalf of all the students.
關(guān)鍵句型四：表達(dá)祝福的句型
　　1. May every success go with him.
　　2. Have a happy journey and good luck!
　　3. We wish him the best in everything he does!
　　4. We wish him a pleasant journey and good health.
　　5. We hope everything goes well with him in all of his days
Lesson 48
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：表示"申請(qǐng)職位"的句型
　　1. I want to apply for a post in your company.
　　2. I would like to work for you as a sales assistant.
　　3. I'm really interested in the post you advertised in today's newspaper.
　　4. I'm looking for a job like that kind you offer. Could you please give me a chance?
　　5. I heard that you were looking for a sales assistant. Do you still have that vacancy?
　　? 【vacancy n. 空缺；空職】
　　6. I wish that I could be so fortunate to have the opportunity to work in your company as a sales assistant.
　　關(guān)鍵句型二：表示教育背景的句型
　　1. I have got the high school diploma.
　　2. I majored in accounting in university.
　　3. I have been learning English for 8 years.
　　4. I began to study in this high school in 2001.
　　5. I graduated from Beijing University in 2002.
關(guān)鍵句型三：表達(dá)期望的句型
　　1. I await your response.
　　2. I'm waiting for your reply.
　　3. Hope to hear from you soon.
　　4. I am eagerly anticipating your reply.
　　5. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon.
　　6. I'm expecting to get your reply in the not too distant future.
　　7. I would appreciate your prompt reply.
　　8. An early reply will be appreciated.
Lesson 49
關(guān)鍵句型：表示"擊敗某人"的句型
　　1. The Italian team beat Germany three to one.
　　2. The Italian team defeated Germany three to one.
　　3. The Italian team won the game against German team by a score of three to one.
　　4. The Italians dominated the Germans three to one.
　　5. The final score was three to one in the Italians' favor.
　　? 【in one's favor: 對(duì)某人有利】
　　6. The Italian team triumphed over Germany three to one.
7. The Italians walloped the Germans, with the final score three to one.
Lesson 50
　　關(guān)鍵句型一：描述天氣的句型
　　1. The weather is very good / lovely / terrible / too bad.
　　2. The weather is neither too hot nor too cold.
　　3. It's sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy.
　　4. There's not a cloud in the sky.
　　5. There's not a cloud in the sky.
　　6. There's plenty of sunshine today.
　　7. It's hot / warm / cool / cold / chilly.
關(guān)鍵句型二：表示"忙著做某事"的句型
　　1. Some farmers were busy picking the apples from the trees.
　　2. Some farmers were tied up with work in the field.
　　3. Some farmers were absorbed in their apple picking.
　　4. Some farmers were busy with work in the field.
　　5. Some farmers were occupied with work in the field.
關(guān)鍵句型三：贊美風(fēng)景的句型
1. It was extremely beautiful!
　　2. The scene was so charming!
　　3. What a beautiful scene it was!
　　4. How beautiful the scene was!
　　5. I have never been to such a lovely place!
　　6. It was really a wonderful place!
7. It was a picturesque scene!
8． The scene was as beautiful as a painting!
下面我們就提供一些關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，希望對(duì)同學(xué)們今后的寫作有所幫助。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們瘋狂朗讀、反復(fù)狂讀，爭(zhēng)取把它們都爛熟于心！這樣，寫作文時(shí)就能得心應(yīng)手！
　　一、表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)
　　Additionally????????????????? ? 加之；又
　　besides?????????????????????? 此外；除……之外
　　equally important?????????????? 同樣重要的是
　　furthermore?????????????????? ? 此外；而且
　　in addition???????????????????? 另外
　　in other words???????????????? ? 換句話說(shuō)
　　last but not least???????????????? 最后但同樣重要的是
　　moreover????????????????????? 而且；此外
　　that is say????????????????????? 即；就是；換句話說(shuō)
　　二、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)
　　although?????????????????????? 雖然；盡管
　　at the same time?????????????????? 同時(shí)；但是
　　despite????????????????????????? 不管；盡管；不論
　　even if?????????????????????????? 即使
　　even though?????????????????????? 即使
　　however????????????????????????? 然而；可是
　　in spite of???????????????????????? 不管
　　instead??????????????????????????? 代替；而不是
　　nevertheless??????????????????????? 然而；不過(guò)
　　on the contrary????????????????????? 正相反
　　otherwise??????????????????????? ?? 另外；不同地
　　regardless of??????????????????????? 不管；不顧
　　still?????????????????????????????? 依然；仍然
　　though??????????????????????????? ? 雖然；可是
　　while????????????????????????????? 而
　　yet??????????????????????????????? 然而；但是；仍
　　三、表示選擇關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)
　　either…or…???????????????????????? ……或……
　　instead of…???????????????????????? ……，而不是……
　　neither…nor…???????????????????……和……都不……
　　not…but…????????????????????????? 不是……而是……
　　rather than…????????????????????????寧可；勝過(guò)
　　whether…or not??????????????????????是否
　　四、表示比較關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)
　compare with / to???????????????與……比較
　equally?????????????????????相等地；平等地
　in comparison with????????????與……比較
　　in contrast??????????????????????????? 相反；大不相同
　　in contrast to?????????????????????????和……對(duì)比
　　in the same way??????????????????????? 同樣地
　　instead?????????????????????????????? 代替；改為
　　on the contrary???????????????????????? 正相反
　　while???????????????????????????????? 而
　　五、表示因果關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)
　　accordingly??????????????????????????? 因此；從而
　　as a result of?????????????????????????? 作為結(jié)果
　　because (of)??????????????????????????? 因?yàn)?br /> 　　consequently?????????????????????????? 從而；因此
　　due to???????????????????????????由于；應(yīng)歸于
　　hence???????????????????????????????因此；從此
　　in that??????????????????由于；因?yàn)?；既?
　　now that???????????????????????????因?yàn)椋患热?br /> 　　on account of?????????????????????????? 由于
　　owing to?????????????由于；因……的緣故
　　so???????????????????????????????????? 所以
　　so that????????????????????????????????? 所以
　　thanks to??????????????????????????????? 由于
　　therefore??????????????????????????因此；所以
　　thus??????????????????????????????????? 因此
　　六、用于表示總結(jié)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)
　　above all??????????????????????? 最重要的是
accordingly????????????????????????????? 于是
as a consequence?????????????????????? 因此
as a result??????????????????????????????? 結(jié)果
as has been noted????????????????????如前所述
as I have said???????????????????????? 如我所述
　　at last?????????????????????????????????? 最后
　　briefly????????????????????????????簡(jiǎn)單扼要地
　　by doing so???????????????????????????? 如此
　　certainly??????????????????當(dāng)然地；無(wú)疑地
　consequently???????????????????????????? 因此
　　eventually??????????????????????????????? 最后
　　hence???????????????????????????????????? 因此
　　in a word???????????????????????????????? 總之
　　in brief??????????????????????????????????? 簡(jiǎn)言之
　　in conclusion??????????????????????總；最后
　　in short????????????????????????????? 簡(jiǎn)而言之
　　in summary????????????????????????簡(jiǎn)要地說(shuō)
　　in sum???????????????????????總之；簡(jiǎn)而言之
　　obviously??????????????????????????????? 顯然
on the whole??總體來(lái)說(shuō)；整個(gè)看來(lái)
to conclude????????????????????????總而言之
to speak frankly?????????????????坦白地說(shuō)
to sum up????????????????????????????總而言之
to summarize?????????????????????總而言之
初中英語(yǔ)詞組總結(jié)50個(gè)
　　1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動(dòng)詞)+ do
　　eg :I like watching monkeys jump
　　2 (比較級(jí) and 比較級(jí)) 表示越來(lái)越怎么樣
　　3 a piece of cake =easy 容易
　　4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣
a kind of 一樣
　　6 all over the world = the whole world 整個(gè) 世界
　　7 along with 同……一道，伴隨……
　　eg : I will go along with you 我將和你一起去


　　the students planted trees along with their teachers 學(xué)生同老師們一起種樹(shù)
　　8 As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣
　　9 as you can see 你是知道的
　　10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
　　11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
　　12 ask sb to do sth 詢問(wèn)某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
　　13 at the age of 在……歲時(shí) eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
　　14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開(kāi)始
　　15 at the end of +地點(diǎn)/+時(shí)間 最后;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
　　16 at this time of year 在每年的這個(gè)時(shí)候
　　17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺(jué)/對(duì)什么有信心，自信
　　eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
　　18 be + doing 表：1 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 2 將來(lái)時(shí)
　　19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
　　20 be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing
　　21 be afraid to do (of sth 怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
　　22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么
　　eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowed to watch TV 我應(yīng)該被允許看電視
　　23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don't be angry with me
　　24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣
　　25 be as…原級(jí)…as 和什么一樣 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一樣高
　　26 be ashamed to
　　27 be away from 遠(yuǎn)離
　　28 be away from 從……離開(kāi)
　　29 be bad for 對(duì)什么不好 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太陽(yáng)下看書(shū)對(duì)你的眼睛不好
　　30 be born 出生于
　　31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
　　32 be careful 當(dāng)心;小心
　　33 be different from…… 和什么不一樣
　　34 be famous for 以……著名
　　35 be friendly to sb 對(duì)某人友好
　　36 be from = come from 來(lái)自
　　eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
　　37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
　　38 be glad+to+do/從句
　　39 be going to + v(原) 將來(lái)時(shí)
　　40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長(zhǎng), 善于……
　　41 be good for 對(duì)什么有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
　　42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
　　43 be helpful to sb 對(duì)某人有好處
　　eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對(duì)你有好處
　　Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對(duì)你的身體有好處
　　44 be in good health 身體健康
　　45 be in trouble 處于困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
　　46 be interested in 對(duì)某方面感興趣
　　47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
　　48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
　　49 be mad at 生某人的氣
　　50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見(jiàn)原材料)
英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的幾種特殊替代用法　
替代詞，就是在日常學(xué)習(xí)中所用的代詞或量詞。針對(duì)學(xué)生們常見(jiàn)的一些練習(xí)和考題， 總結(jié)了一下幾種特殊替代用法：
it 在句中作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的替代用法
1. it作形式主語(yǔ)可以代替句中的動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing分詞或一個(gè)句子。
It is important for us to learn English well. (it替代不定式to learn English)
It is no use making such an apology to us Chinese. ( It 替代動(dòng)詞-ing分詞 making such an apology)
It is happy for her parents that she is well now. (it 替代句子that she is well now)
2. it作形式賓語(yǔ)可以代替句中的動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)句中的謂語(yǔ)事由某些特殊動(dòng)詞 (如：findthinkfeel等)充當(dāng)?shù)摹?br /> I find it impossible to finish so much work in such a short time. (it 替代不定式to finish so much work)
that this在句中的替代用法
1、 that
A: I’m going to wear my new jeans to her party.
B: You can’t do that. (that替代to wear my new jeans to her party這一事情)
2. this
this 在介紹某人或某物時(shí)，指的是靠近自己的一方。
A: Hi, Mr. Smith, This is my friend, Bill.
B: Nice to meet you, Bill.
C: Nice to meet you, Mr. Smith.
This 在電話用語(yǔ)中指的是自己。
A: Hello, may I speak to Miss Li?
B: This is Miss Li speaking. (我就是李女士)
which、that 、who、whom在定語(yǔ)從句中的替代用法
1. which 在句中放指物的先行詞后或整個(gè)句子后，引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句或非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。
She said I was lazy, which isn’t true.( which替代句子 She said I was lazy)
This is the pen which was bought by my father. (which替代的是 the pen)
2. that在句中放先行詞后，引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句。既可指物，也可指人。
The book that she borrowed from the library was lost. ( that替代的是The book)
The man that with a knife in his hand is a murderer. (that替代的是The man )
The pants are too small for me, Can you show me another pair? (因?yàn)閍nother后面只能跟單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，故而這里用pair代替，意為a pair of pants)
如果沒(méi)有another時(shí)，則可用ones替代。
The red pants are too small for me. Can you show me the blue ones. (此處ones替代的是pants)
同樣，當(dāng)遇上不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，也要用相應(yīng)的一些量詞來(lái)代替one 的概念，或用相應(yīng)的量詞復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)代替ones的概念。
The paper is too small for the little girl to paint on, please give her another piece.(因?yàn)橛衋 piece of paper)
I’m so hungry that this slice of chicken isn’t enough. Could you give me 3 more slices?(代替的是3 more slices of chicken.)
更多例句(請(qǐng)注意下面兩句的細(xì)微差別)
1) A: Look! There are many bottles of milk on the desk.
B: Yes, and which one do you like best? (此處用one的原因是A句中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)bottles of milk, 所以可以代替one bottle of milk)
2) A: There is much milk on the desk.
B: Yes, but which bottle bag do you like best? (此處A句中心詞為milk,因?yàn)閙ilk 前面不能用one 來(lái)直接修飾，而只能用bottle或bag 來(lái)代表數(shù)量，可以說(shuō)a bottle of milk a bag of milk)
某些名詞所有格也可以作替代詞
如：
1) A: Where is Jeanie?
B: Oh, she is at Mary’s. (這里的Mary’s代替的是Mary’s house)
2) Yesterday Tom’s father was ill, now he is at the doctor’s. ( 這里的doctor’s代替的是doctor’s room 或doctor’s clinic)
倒裝
I.要點(diǎn)
按"主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)"這種順序排列的句子是陳述語(yǔ)序，如果變?yōu)?謂語(yǔ)(或謂語(yǔ)的一部分)+主語(yǔ)"，就是倒裝語(yǔ)序。
1、全部倒裝
(1)there be 句型
There is going to be a meeting.
There is a book on the table.
(2)here, there, now, then, in, out等副詞置于句首時(shí)，主謂倒裝，但如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)序不倒裝，如，Here comes the bus.
Here he comes.
(3)直接引語(yǔ)的部分或全部位于句首時(shí)，有時(shí)也用倒裝，如，"What he said meant nothing", said the teacher.
(4)為保持句子平衡，強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，使上下文緊密銜接時(shí)須完全倒裝，如，In front of the house sat a small boy.
2、部分倒裝
(1)so, neither, nor置于句首說(shuō)明與前者情況一致時(shí)，如，
I like swimming, so does my brother.
(2)only +狀語(yǔ)放在句首，如，Only through this method can we win.
Only in this way can we do the work well.
(3)含有否定意義的詞置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，Never had I heard that.
Little did I know about this.
(4)以often, so +形容詞或副詞開(kāi)頭的句子，如，
So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it
(5)用于省略if的虛擬條件句中，將had, were, should提前，如，
Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
Had he come, we would have won.
(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，
May you be happy for ever.
定語(yǔ)從句用法
一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念
　　在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
　　二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞
　　引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that， which， who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括where， when， why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。
　　三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類
　　根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
　　四、關(guān)系代詞的用法
　　1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：
　　Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ))
　　The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ))
　　2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如：
　　The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ))
　　The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ))
　　3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：
　　The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ))
　　Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ))
　　注意：(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時(shí)，who， that， which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
　　This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?br /> 　　Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。
　　(2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例如：
　　This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
　　(3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如：
　　The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。
　　(4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：
　　a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
　　He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。
　　b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
　　Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
　　c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
　　This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
　　d. 先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)，只能用that， 而不用which.例如
　　I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。
　　e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.例如：
　　Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?
　　f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that，而不用which.例如：
　　There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。
　　(5)關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：
　　a.先行詞為that， those時(shí)，用which， 而不用that.例如：
　　What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
　　b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
　　This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
　　c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
　　Tom came back， which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了，這使我們很高興。
　　五、關(guān)系副詞的用法
　(1)when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：
　　This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
　　(2)where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：
　　This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
　　(3)why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如：
　　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。

相關(guān)學(xué)案

初中英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí) 專題十二 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（二）（學(xué)案)-2022年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全：

這是一份初中英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí) 專題十二 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（二）（學(xué)案)-2022年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全，共2頁(yè)。

初中英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí) 專題十一 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（一）（學(xué)案）-2022年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全：

這是一份初中英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí) 專題十一 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（一）（學(xué)案）-2022年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全，共2頁(yè)。學(xué)案主要包含了動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

2022-2023初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：

這是一份2022-2023初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)大全-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，共4頁(yè)。

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