閱讀教材P11－12的材料，選出最佳選項1．Where is the passage probably taken from?A．A TV interview programme on pollution.B．A magazine about environmental pollution.C．A newspaper about investigation experiment.D．A travel journal about Norgate.2．What can be concluded from the passage? A．All the local residents protested against heavy industry.B.Factory managers are irresponsible businessmen.C．Most factories tries their best to reduce the pollution while they make profits.D．Fighting pollution is just a task for factories and government departments.3．What's the main idea of the passage?A．The local people are all against environmental pollution.B.The advantages of opening a factory outweigh the disadvantages.C．Environmental protection is a long-term task that requires joint efforts.D．There are different viewpoints on environmental pollution.[答案]　1－3　ACCWords and Phrases　come up with 想出，想到(教材P6)All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems.他們都對如何解決這些問題提出了創(chuàng)造性的想法。[例1]　When you have finished，try to come up with two more events for each category.當你完成后，每一種類盡量再提出兩個項目。[例2]　Keep your eye on these jokers，you never know what they will come up with.盯住這些家伙，你永遠不知道他們會想出什么來。[造句]　我很驚訝他能想出這么好的主意。I was amazed that he'd come up with such a sweet idea.[歸納拓展]come about　 發(fā)生come across      (偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)；被理解；被弄懂come up     被提出；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)芽come out     出來；長出；出版，發(fā)行；結果是when it comes to (doing)... 當談到(做)……時[即學即練]　單句語法填空①He came across a cat in the park.②His new album came out last year.③We need to come up with a better plan without delay.④When it comes to studying(study)English，he is very weak.　(教材P6)Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle.一些人要求應用現(xiàn)代技術，另一些人要求改變生活方式。(1)call for(公開)要求；需要[例1]　Air pollution calls for our special concern.空氣污染問題需要我們的特別關注。[例2]　Several candidates were called for a second interview.幾位候選人被通知去參加第二次面試。[造句]　這個工作需要愛和耐心。The job calls for love and patience.[歸納拓展]call up　 給……打電話；使回憶起call back     回電話；收回call on/upon     拜訪(人)；號召call at     拜訪(某地)call in     請來；召來call off     取消[即學即練]　單句語法填空①The old picture called up memories of his childhood.②The government calls on the citizens to lead(lead)a green life.③The game was called off because of the bad weather.④I now call on/upon the chairman to address the meeting.(2)application n．應用，運用；申請[例1]　Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.從20世紀70年代起，我又被開發(fā)出了很多新的用途。[例2]　Barbara made an application for a job as a nurse.芭芭拉提出了應聘護士工作的申請。[造句]　這項發(fā)明會在工業(yè)中得到廣泛應用。The invention would have a wide range of applications in industry.[歸納拓展](1)apply vt.　　　 涂；敷；搽；應用；運用 vi.     申請；請求；使用；有效apply (to...)for...     (向……)申請……apply to     適用于；與……有關apply oneself to...  專心于……(to為介詞)apply...to...     把……運用到……；把……涂到……(2)applicant n.     申請人[即學即練]　單句語法填空①The girl decided to apply for a job in this company.②The technology applied(apply)to this field was highly thought of.③Students should apply themselves to improving(improve)their skills.④In this way we can better apply theory to practice.　get rid of 擺脫，丟棄，扔掉(教材P11)　...it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of.……它還讓我患上了咳嗽，而且老是不好。[例1]　He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him.在聚會上他老是纏著我，我簡直無法擺脫他。[例2]　Most people have some regret that they just can't seem to get rid of.大多數(shù)人都會有一些似乎擺脫不了的遺憾。[造句]　我的頭疼的毛病老是不好。I can't get/be rid of this headache.[歸納拓展]rid sb./sth.of...　 使某人/某物擺脫……rid oneself of...     擺脫……；從……中解脫get/be rid of...     擺脫/除去……[即學即練]　單句語法填空①Maybe we should rid ourselves(we)of modern technology and return to simpler times.②I was glad to be(be)rid of the car when I finally sold it.③You should rid yourself(you)of the smoking habit.④If I ruled the world，I would rid the world of wars.　defence n．辯護；防御，保護；防御物；國防；防守(教材P11)In defence of the factories，however，I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.然而，為工廠說句公道話，我想指出，我們也在努力控制我們產(chǎn)生的污染量。[例1]　The woman rushed there in defence of her children.這個女人沖過去保護自己的孩子們。[例2]　What points can be raised in defence of this argument?有什么論點能提出來為這個說法辯護呢？[造句]　政府已削減了國防開支。The government has cut back on defence spending.[歸納拓展](1)defend vt.　 辯解，辯白；防御，保護，保衛(wèi)defend...against/from... 保衛(wèi)……免受……defend oneself     自衛(wèi)；為自己辯解(2)in defence of     為了保衛(wèi)……，為……辯護[即學即練]　單句語法填空①I have to say in her defence(defend)that she knew nothing about it beforehand.②She had to defend herself against/from the guard dog.③You must learn to defend yourself(you)when being attacked.④All our officers are trained to defend themselves against/from knife attacks.　(教材P13)consequence n．結果，后果；重要性[例1]　If we toy with nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.如果我們戲弄自然，我們將不得不應付各種后果。[例2]　She was found guilty，and lost her job as a consequence of it.她被判有罪，因而失去了工作。[造句]　這項決定可能對該行業(yè)造成嚴重后果。This decision could have serious consequences for the industry.[歸納拓展](1)in consequence＝as a consequence＝consequently　　　　　　　　　 因此as a consequence of     由于；因為in consequence of/as a consequence of     由于，作為……的結果(2)consequently adv.     結果，因此[即學即練]　單句語法填空①As a consequence of the rain，the tennis match was delayed.②She studied hard，and consequently(consequence)she passed the examination.③The child was born weak in consequence of an injury to its mother.[小片段助記]A lot of students waste their spare time surfing the Internet；as a consequence，they often fail to finish their homework on time.Consequently，most of them do poorly in their grades.Later，in consequence of Tom's hard work，he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University.　give rise to 使發(fā)生(或存在)(教材P13)For example，in many parts of the world，the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems.例如，在世界的許多地方，當?shù)仫嬘盟馁|量低劣導致了公共衛(wèi)生問題。[例1]　Low levels of choline in the body can give rise to high blood pressure.體內膽堿含量低可引發(fā)高血壓。[例2]　The novel's success gave rise to a number of sequels.這部小說的成功帶來了一系列的續(xù)篇。[造句]　它會引起普遍的貧困和痛苦。It gave rise to widespread poverty and suffering.[歸納拓展]give thought to　 認真考慮，思考give advice to     提供建議give birth to     產(chǎn)生；分娩；引發(fā)；造成[即學即練]　單句語法填空①She had given thought(think)to changing her job before she made the decision.②Religious differences between them gave birth(bear)to a war.③They give advice to people with HIV and AIDS.④Yesterday's earthquake gave(give)rise to many deaths.細節(jié)理解題——直接定位法細節(jié)理解題主要考查考生對文章事實細節(jié)的理解，在解答這類題時，可采用“直接定位”的方法，即帶著問題找原文。思維建模——熟練3步解題流程[例文]Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hours Morning orAfternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路線)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.細節(jié)理解題的三大原則(1)解題的順序原則：一般來說題目答案的位置與題目的順序是一致的，這能幫助我們縮小尋找范圍，大大提高解題效率。(2)關鍵詞定位原則：通過尋讀法，用題干中的關鍵詞(包括專有名詞、數(shù)詞、實體名詞、形容詞、副詞，以及這些詞的同義詞)在文中搜索，迅速確定相關詞句或信息點所在的位置，縮小閱讀范圍。[注意]　文章中反復出現(xiàn)的名詞或短語沒有唯一出處，所以不能算是定位詞。(3)依據(jù)原文信息原則：做題時務必要樹立定位意識，每一題、每一選項都要回到原文中的某一處進行定位，然后畫出相關語句，并與選項仔細比對。※What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A．Meet famous people.B．Go to a national park.C．Visit well-known museums.D．Enjoy interesting stories.[答案]　D[即學即練]請快速確定下面這段文字的直接信息題的答案。Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not about books and tests and rote memorization(死記硬背)，but something practical.As Koziatek knows，there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a desk.They can also learn geometry by putting together a bicycle.※What's the characteristic of Mr.Koziatek's school?A．Paying attention to practical learning.B．Letting students do many tests.C．Encouraging students to read books.D．Forcing students to learn by rote.[答案]　A  

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