
?遼寧省凌源市2021-2022學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語
第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
1. How much should the man pay?
A. $100. B. $250. C. $200.
2. Where did the woman go last month?
A. To Mexico. B. To America. C. To Canada.
3. What will the speakers do first?
A. Head to the airport. B. Relax by the pool. C. Request a late check-out.
4. What are the speakers doing?
A. Preparing for backpacking.
B. Making a plan for their anniversary.
C. Booking a hotel.
5. What color is the woman’s coat?
A. White. B. Red. C. Golden.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。
6. Why does the woman call the man?
A. To invite him to dinner.
B. To tell him the way to the restaurant.
C. To check their meeting place.
7. Which restaurant will the speakers go to?
A. The one on Temple Street. B. The one on Ocean Road. C. The one on Wood Street.
聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。
8. Why won’t Mr. Wang be able to give a speech?
A. He has to look after a family member.
B. He has to make an unexpected trip.
C. He came down with an illness.
9. What will the man 7o tomorrow?
A. Make breakfast for the guests.
B. Drive the woman to a conference.
C. Give a presentation.
10. How will the man get to the Prince Hotel?
A. By subway. B. By bus. C. By car.
聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。
11. How 7oes the man want to learn writing?
A. Self-learning. B. On the Internet. C. Face to face.
12. Why does the man want to take writing courses?
A. To publish his works. B. To earn more money. C. To enjoy the fun of writing.
13. What kin7 of brochure will the man receive?
A. Fiction writing. B. Creative writing. C. Business writing.
聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。
14. What is Jack?
A. An actor. B. A singer. C. A director.
15. What was Jack’s “big break”?
A. Twelfth Night. B. New York Summertime. C. High Seas.
16. What caused the accident to take place?
A. Working overtime. B. Engine problems. C. Drink-driving.
17. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. Jack won an award with the role in High Seas.
B. Jack didn’t care about the negative news after the accident.
C. Jack’s family gives him a lot of support.
聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。
18. Who are the listeners probably?
A. Hospital staff. B. Family members. C. Patients.
19. Why do people live on sandwiches and fast food?
A. They consider them delicious. B. They want to save time. C. They have a special taste.
20. What is the consequence of working long hours?
A. Slow action. B. Memory loss. C. Careless mistakes.
第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
People are always full of imagination about the deep and mysterious sea, however, the waters known as the sea are not all the endless seas as we think, or may be beautiful or magnificent lakes.
Aral Sea
The Aral Sea is an inland lake that lies to the north of Uzbekistan and to the south of Kazkhstan. Its name literally(按字面)means “the sea of island” in the Turkic language.
Thus, its name refers to the many islands that dotted it in the past. Although the Aral Sea occupied a vast area of about 68,000 square km for a long period of time, it’s believed to be less than 10% of its original site.
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is also an inland lake. Often regarded as the largest lake in the world, the Caspian Sea is located between the continents of Asia and Europe. The Caspian Sea is an enclosed water body. It is called “sea” probably because of its massive size of 371, 000 square km and its saltiness.
Salton Sea
Located in California, US, the Salton Sea is a rift lake that is saline (咸的) in nature.
Several rivers creeks, agricultural runoffs,and drainage systems feed this lake. The Salton Sea encompasses (包括) an area of 890 square km, making it the largest lake in California.
Sea of Galilee
The Sea of Galilee is a freshwater lake with “sea” in its name. It occupies an area of 166.7 square km in Israel. It is the second-lowest lake in the world after the Dead Sea with the surface elevation (海拔) ranging from 705ft to 686ft below sea level. The Jordan River is the primary source of water for the Sea of Galilee. Underground springs also feed water to the lake.
1. Which is the second biggest of the four lakes?
A. Aral Sea. B. Caspian Sea.
C. Salton Sea. D. Sea of Galilee.
2. Which of the following a TRUE according to the text?
A. The Aral Sea belongs to Turkey.
B. The location of the Salton Sea is California, US.
C. The Caspian Sea is a freshwater lake between Asia and Europe.
D. The primary source of water for the Sea of Galilee is underground springs.
3Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In a novel.
C. In a geography magazine. D. In a biography.
【1~3題答案】
【答案】1. A2. B3. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。人們總是對深邃而神秘的大海充滿幻想,然而,所謂的海并不都是我們想象中的無邊無際的大海,也可能是美麗或壯麗的湖泊,本文介紹了幾個(gè)被稱為海洋的湖泊。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Aral Sea中的“Although the Aral Sea occupied a vast area of about 68,000 square km for a long period of time,it’s believed to be less than 10% of its original site. (雖然在很長一段時(shí)間內(nèi),咸海占據(jù)了約68000平方公里的廣闊區(qū)域,但據(jù)信它還不到原來的10%)”,以及Caspian Sea中的“The Caspian Sea is an enclosed water body,it is called “sea” probably because of its massive size of 371, 000 square km and its saltinss. (里海是一個(gè)封閉的水體,它被稱為“海”可能是因?yàn)樗木薮竺娣e37.1萬平方公里和它的咸味)”,和Sal ton Sea 中的“The Sal ton Sea encompasses (包括) an area of 890 square km making it the largest lake in California. (索爾頓海的面積為890平方公里,是加州最大的湖泊)”及Sea of Galilee“It occupies an area of 166.7 square km in Israel. (它在以色列占有166.7平方公里的面積)”可知,通過數(shù)字對比可知,四個(gè)中第二大的是咸海。故選A項(xiàng)。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)湖介紹中的第一行“Located in California, US, the Salton Sea is a rift lake that is saline (咸的) in nature.(位于美國加州的索爾頓海是一個(gè)天然的咸水裂谷湖)”可知索爾頓海位于美國加利福尼亞州。故選B項(xiàng)。
【3題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“People are always full of imagination about the deep and mysterious sea, however, the waters known as the sea are not all the endless seas as we think, or may be beautiful or magnificent lakes. (人們總是對深邃而神秘的大海充滿幻想,然而,所謂的海并不都是我們想象中的無邊無際的大海,也可能是美麗或壯麗的湖泊)”以及下文介紹了幾個(gè)被稱為海洋的湖泊。由此推知,本文可能來自地理雜志。故選C項(xiàng)。
B
On a Thursday afternoon in March, a Baltimore restaurant received an email request: fried broccoli(西蘭花) topped with fresh herbs and onion. The woman who sent the email was actually writing in place of her mother, Jane, who enjoyed the dish, but was now in the final stages of lung cancer.
Steve Chu, owner of the restaurant, read the email and quickly replied, “Thanks for reaching out,” he wrote. “We’d like to meet you in Vermont and make it fresh for you. You tell us the date and location and we’ll be there.”
For the past 10 years, every time Jane visited Baltimore, she would go to the restaurant to order her favourite dish.
That Friday after work, a day after receiving Rina’s email, Steve loaded his truck with cooking equipment and ingredients needed and then headed for Vermont with two employees. They stayed overnight in a motel(汽車旅館) and drove the next day to the flat where Rina’s mother lived.
As soon as Steve and his team pulled into the parking lot, they got down to work. In addition to broccoli, they made tofu with peanut sauce and some steamed rice. After neatly boxing(裝箱) everything up, they knocked on their customer’s door.
Immediately Jane opened the door, she was greeted by the familiar smell. The mother also recognized Steve. “I don’t understand. You drove all the way up here to cook for me?” Jane screamed(尖叫).
As for Steve, he couldn’t help remembering his regular customer. “She loves the food and frequents our restaurant,” he said.
Steve and his team declined the invitation to join the family for dinner, for they needed to get back to Baltimore. Steve also wouldn’t accept any money from the family.
Rina was happy that her mother was able to enjoy her beloved broccoli at home.
4. Which of the following is true about Jane?
A. She suffered from a curable disease.
B. She was particular about what she ate.
C. She was a regular customer of the restaurant.
D. She wrote the email to the restaurant in person.
5. What did Steve’s team do to make Jane’s day?
A. He treated her to a big dinner in Vermont.
B. They drove to Vermont and made the dish there.
C. He shared the recipe of the dish with her.
D. He delivered the dish to Jane’s home by air.
6. Which of the following best describes Steve Chu?
A. Caring and calm. B. Friendly and outgoing.
C. Warm-hearted and generous. D. Kind and determined.
7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. A restaurant going beyond its duties
B. A cancer sufferer’s road to recovery
C. Fried broccoli: a popular dish in the US
D. Nice surprises are essential for life
【4~7題答案】
【答案】4. C5. B6. C7. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文,主要講的是簡喜歡一家餐廳的菜,餐廳的老板在收到簡的女兒的電子郵件后帶上食材趕到簡住的公寓,為她做那道菜。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“For the past 10 years, every time Jane visited Baltimore, she would go to the restaurant to order her favourite dish.(在過去的10年里,每次簡來巴爾的摩,她都會(huì)去餐館點(diǎn)她最喜歡的菜。)”和倒數(shù)第三段的“As for Steve, he couldn’t help remembering his regular customer. “She loves the food and frequents our restaurant,” he said.(至于史蒂夫,他不由自主地想起了自己的老客戶?!八矚g我們的食物,經(jīng)常光顧我們的餐廳,”他說。)”可知,Jane是這家餐館的常客。故選C。
【5題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“That Friday after work, a day after receiving Rina’s email, Steve loaded his truck with cooking equipment and ingredients needed and then headed for Vermont with two employees.(那個(gè)周五下班后,也就是收到麗娜郵件的第二天,史蒂夫把烹飪設(shè)備和所需的食材裝上卡車,然后帶著兩名員工前往佛蒙特州 。)”和第五段的“As soon as Steve and his team pulled into the parking lot, they got down to work. In addition to broccoli, they made tofu with peanut sauce and some steamed rice. After neatly boxing everything up, they knocked on their customer’s door.(史蒂夫和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)一進(jìn)停車場,就開始工作。除了西蘭花,他們還用花生醬和一些米飯做豆腐。他們把東西整齊地打包好后,就去敲顧客的門。)”可知,史蒂夫的團(tuán)隊(duì)他們開車到佛蒙特州,在那里做了這道菜讓簡開心,故選B。
【6題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“We’d like to meet you in Vermont and make it fresh for you.(我們想在佛蒙特見到你,給你做點(diǎn)新鮮的。)和”倒數(shù)第二段的“Steve and his team declined the invitation to join the family for dinner, for they needed to get back to Baltimore. Steve also wouldn’t accept any money from the family.(史蒂夫和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)拒絕了與家人共進(jìn)晚餐的邀請,因?yàn)樗麄冃枰氐桨蜖柕哪?。史蒂夫也不?huì)接受這個(gè)家庭的任何錢。)”可知,史蒂夫和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)開車去專門給簡做飯,就為了讓她開心,而且不收錢,因此Steve Chu是熱心的和慷慨的。故選C。
【7題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是第四段的“That Friday after work, a day after receiving Rina’s email, Steve loaded his truck with cooking equipment and ingredients needed and then headed for Vermont with two employees. They stayed overnight in a motel(汽車旅館) and drove the next day to the flat where Rina’s mother lived.(那個(gè)周五下班后,也就是收到麗娜郵件的第二天,史蒂夫把烹飪設(shè)備和所需的食材裝上卡車,然后帶著兩名員工前往佛蒙特州。他們在一家汽車旅館過夜,第二天開車去了麗娜母親住的公寓。)”可知,本文主要講的是一個(gè)餐館親自趕到異地為老顧客做菜的故事,因此A選項(xiàng)“A restaurant going beyond its duties(超出其職責(zé)范圍的餐館)”是最恰當(dāng)?shù)念}目,故選A。
C
How good are we at predicting what people will do? What magazine will they buy, what music will they download,or what shoes will they choose for a party? Probably not nearly as good as we think. When it comes to human behavior, the brain is shown to have two different ways of thinking. So it doesn’t matter how old you are or how confident you are feeling. It’s all about what mood the brain is in!
A common thought process is the automatic and fast way which helps us to react quickly in dangerous situations. This is known as system 1 and dates back to the prehistoric(史前的)times when people lived with a natural awareness of the dangers around them—bad weather, falling rocks and trees,and threatening animals. Nowadays we still have the ability to react so rapidly and naturally to situations that it can feel like you’re not thinking at all. Have you ever found yourself giving in to temptation(誘惑)and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because system 1 is in control—a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of!
System 2 is the opposite. It’s a slow thought process that requires us to pay attention and concentrate. This way of thinking helps us to make sensible long-term decisions like choosing which university to study at, or what type of car to buy. The problem is that system 2 often starts to feel boring and so system 1 takes over. How often have you put down your homework or put off doing important jobs to go on Facebook or watch a TV soap?
We like to think that we go through life mainly using system 2. However, sometimes it’s system 1 that makes the right decision but system 2 that gets it wrong. For example, sports teams put a lot of effort into a game plan, but often it’s the unconscious(無意識(shí)的)human wish to do something differently that often leads to an unexpected win. This can also lead to the common mistaken idea that your successful decisions show your skill and talent,when in fact they are just luck.
Perhaps one day scientists will be able to predict what decisions people will make by measuring brain activity. In one study, volunteers were monitored with brain-scanning equipment. They were asked to press either a left or a right button whenever they wanted. The researchers found they could predict which button the volunteers would press up to seven seconds before it happened—your brain seems to know what it will do before you do! Some scientists say our brains are just machines and we are not really in control of what’s going on. Let’s hope they’re wrong! It’s one thing to be able to tell which of two buttons a person will press, but I don’t like the idea that science could one day tell me what decisions I will make in my life before I’ve even had the chance to make them!
8. How does the author feel about the idea that scientists can predict people’s decisions?
A. Disappointed. B. Unhappy.
C. Shocked. D. Absurd.
9. In which case is system 1 more likely to be in control?
A. When you choose a university.
B. When you plan a birthday party.
C. When you prepare for a performance.
D. When you buy a jacket in the window.
10. Why is the example of sports teams mentioned in Paragraph 4?
A. To show system 1 sometimes makes the right decision.
B. To show system 2 usually makes the wrong decision.
C. To show we go through life mainly using system 2.
D. To show people are more willing to use system 1.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Two Systems of Thought B. Early Brain Development
C. Importance of Planning D. Two Ways of Dealing with Danger
【8~11題答案】
【答案】8. B9. D10. A11. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了我們的大腦的兩種思維模式,即系統(tǒng)1和系統(tǒng)2,以及在生活中兩種模式是如何作用于我們的大腦決策的。
【8題詳解】
推理判斷題。由最后一段“Some scientists say our brains are just machines and we are not really in control of what’s going on. Let’s hope they’re wrong! It’s one thing to be able to tell which of two buttons a person will press, but I don’t like the idea that science could one day tell me what decisions 1 will make in my life before I’ve even had the chance to make them!(一些科學(xué)家說,我們的大腦只是機(jī)器,我們不能真正控制發(fā)生的事情。希望他們是錯(cuò)的!能夠判斷一個(gè)人會(huì)按兩個(gè)按鈕中的哪個(gè)是一回事,但是我不喜歡這樣的想法:有一天,在我還沒有機(jī)會(huì)做出決定之前,科學(xué)就能告訴我,我的人生將會(huì)做出什么樣的決定)”可知,科學(xué)家提出,也許未來某一天,在我們做決策之前科學(xué)就可以預(yù)測我們的決定,作者不喜歡這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。作者也希望他們的這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。故選B項(xiàng)。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第二段“Have you ever found yourself giving in to temptation(誘惑)and unable to say “no” to buying that new jacket in the window? This is because system 1 is in control—a human characteristic which the world of advertising likes to make the most of!(你是否曾經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己屈服于誘惑,無法拒絕買櫥窗里的那件新夾克?這是因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)1控制著一種人類的特性,廣告界喜歡充分利用這種特性)”可知,當(dāng)看到櫥窗里的新外套的時(shí)候,我們無法抵制誘惑想要把它買下來,這個(gè)時(shí)候系統(tǒng)1在控制我們的大腦思維。A、B、C項(xiàng)屬于長期的決策行為,第三段提到這種需要集中注意力的行為是系統(tǒng)2在作用的。故選D項(xiàng)。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。第四段中提到體育團(tuán)隊(duì)花費(fèi)很多精力來計(jì)劃比賽,但往往是無意識(shí)的背道而馳的做法反而使他們?nèi)〉昧艘庀氩坏降膭倮?。所以這個(gè)例子在印證第四段的首句觀點(diǎn),“We like to think that we go through life mainly using system 2. However,sometimes it’s system 1 that makes the right decision but system 2 that gets it wrong.(我們認(rèn)為我們的生活主要是通過系統(tǒng)2來完成的。然而,有時(shí)候是第一系統(tǒng)做出了正確的決定,而第二系統(tǒng)卻做出了錯(cuò)誤的決定)”。可知我們總覺得生活主要是由系統(tǒng)2在起作用。但是通常情況下系統(tǒng)1反而會(huì)幫助我們做出正確的決定。故選A項(xiàng)。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題??v觀全文,作者分別介紹了我們大腦的兩種思維模式,即系統(tǒng)1和系統(tǒng)2,以及在生活中兩種模式是如何作用于我們的大腦決策的。最后提到了科學(xué)家認(rèn)為我們的決策是可以被預(yù)測的。所以整篇文章在圍繞著兩系統(tǒng)在講。故選A項(xiàng)
D
Paws walk across my keyboard, and my cat Monty lies on my lap, unaware of the world beyond our garden fence. In these uncertain times of the pandemic, the company of animals is needed more than ever. To the joy of our cats, dogs and all pets in between, staying at home is an opportunity to give them our undivided attention. In return, they provide us with a much-needed source of happiness.
Pet ownership is well known to help settle anxiety, reduce loneliness and lift moods. Even as we spend an unprecedented(空前的)amount of time in isolation(隔離), pets are still acting as channels to building a sense of community as people share pictures of their beloved companions online in an effort to raise spirits.
It is in such times that we realize just how much our pets matter as part of the family. As a long-term cat lady, I have never questioned that a pet is a precious member of the household. Our pets can be as valuable as our human family members in teaching us about ourselves and how to approach the world. In short, our animals' love and loyalty are unique.
As such, the death of a pet can feel as sad as that of a close friend or family member. The grief(悲痛)remains something that is often seen as shameful, and many admit to demanding time off work without being honest about why. However, with the loss of a pet comes an emptiness where their unconditional love once was, and moments in the day once dedicated to their care become suddenly unoccupied.
Vet and author James Herriot wrote, "If having a soul means being able to feel love, loyalty and thankfulness, animals are better off than a lot of humans." Pets are an additional member of the family, and now more than ever, they can serve as models for the kind of basic humanity we ought to be extending to an unstable world.
12. What is the main idea of paragraphs 1 and 2?
A. How to play with pets. B. How keeping a pet benefits humans.
C. How the author started to keep a pet. D. How pets keep people away during isolation.
13. What does the author think pets mean to humans?
A. They are as precious as our family members. B. They are only secondary to family members.
C. They are more like teachers than friends. D. They help us take care of our family.
14. Why do people lie when requesting time off after the death of a pet?
A. They feel puzzled about its death.
B. They consider it a private family thing.
C. They are annoyed by the feeling of emptiness.
D. They feel embarrassed about their sadness over it.
15. What does James Herriot imply in the last paragraph?
A. Pets can teach us to be better humans. B. Pets need more attention now than ever.
C. Pets and humans have little in common. D. Pets can act as a tool to calm the world.
【12~15題答案】
【答案】12. B13. A14. D15. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文,主要講的是養(yǎng)寵物的好處和寵物對人的重要性。
【12題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“In these uncertain times of the pandemic, the company of animals is needed more than ever...In return, they provide us with a much-needed source of happiness.(在大流行的不確定時(shí)期,人們比以往任何時(shí)候都更需要?jiǎng)游锏呐惆椤鳛榛貓?bào),他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝思毙璧男腋T慈#奔暗诙蔚摹癙et ownership is well known to help settle anxiety, reduce loneliness and lift moods. Even as we spend an unprecedented(空前的)amount of time in isolation(隔離), pets are still acting as channels to building a sense of community as people share pictures of their beloved companions online in an effort to raise spirits.(眾所周知,養(yǎng)寵物有助于緩解焦慮、減少孤獨(dú)和改善情緒。盡管我們花了前所未有的時(shí)間與外界隔絕,但寵物仍然是建立社區(qū)意識(shí)的渠道,人們會(huì)在網(wǎng)上分享他們心愛的伴侶的照片,以提振精神。)”可知,第一段和第二段主要講的是養(yǎng)寵物對人類的好處,即How keeping a pet benefits humans,故選B。
【13題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“As a long-term cat lady, I have never questioned that a pet is a precious member of the household.(作為一個(gè)長期養(yǎng)貓的女人,我從未質(zhì)疑過寵物是家庭中珍貴的一員。)”可知,作者認(rèn)為寵物就像我們的家庭成員一樣珍貴。故選A。
【14題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“The grief remains something that is often seen as shameful, and many admit to demanding time off work without being honest about why.(這種悲傷常常被視為是可恥的,許多人承認(rèn)自己要求請假,但沒有誠實(shí)地說明原因。)”可推斷出,人們在寵物死亡后要求休假時(shí)會(huì)撒謊是因?yàn)樗麄儗ψ约旱谋瘋械綄擂巍9蔬xD。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“If having a soul means being able to feel love, loyalty and thankfulness, animals are better off than a lot of humans...they can serve as models for the kind of basic humanity we ought to be extending to an unstable world(如果擁有靈魂意味著能夠感受到愛、忠誠和感恩,那么動(dòng)物比很多人都要好……他們可以作為我們應(yīng)該向一個(gè)不穩(wěn)定的世界延伸的基本人性的典范)”可推斷出,James Herriot在最后一段中暗示了寵物可以教會(huì)我們成為更好的人。故選A。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
November 2, 2020 was a major anniversary for the International Space Station and marked 20 years since people first began living there. But the space station, in fact, spent 22 years in Earth’s orbit. ____16____
There were just three small rooms in the space station when the first crew arrived. There was hardly any space for them to move around.____17____ Bill Shepherd, the station’s first commander, described his time living there as life on a ship at sea.____18____ Communication problems could last hours. “Each day seemed to have its own challenging things,” Shepherd recalled recently. But the situation has come to a close long before.
Today the space station is almost as large as a football field.____19____ Astronauts have near-continuous communication and even a phone to use personally. It takes only 90 minutes for the space station to circle the world.____20____
Shepherd said the past 20 year of international experience and cooperation drives massive projects, like possibly sending humans to the planet Mars, and deserves studying and remembering.
A. Living in space stations seems to be fun.
B. Its first piece was launched into space in 1998.
C. They had periodic radio contact with the ground.
D. The air was warm and wet, leaving them feeling sticky.
E. That gives crew members a chance of enjoying 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets each day.
F. It has enough solar power equipment to fill almost four-tenths of 10, 000 square meters.
G. The space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruits and vegetables fresh.
【16~20題答案】
【答案】16. B17. D18. C19. F20. E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。2022年是國際太空站的20周年紀(jì)念日。文章主要將20年的太空站與現(xiàn)在的太空站作比較,說明科技的重要性。
【16題詳解】
根據(jù)空前“But the space station, in fact, spent 22 years in Earth’s orbit.(事實(shí)上,太空站在地球軌道上待了22年。)”以及后文“There were just three small rooms in the space station when the first crew arrived.(當(dāng)?shù)谝唤M人員到達(dá)時(shí),太空站只有3個(gè)小房間。)”可知,此句應(yīng)承上啟下,說明第一次登上太空站的時(shí)間,故B項(xiàng)“它第一個(gè)部件是于1998年被送入太空”符合,故選B項(xiàng)。
【17題詳解】
根據(jù)空后“Bill Shepherd, the station’s first commander, described his time living there as life on a ship at sea.(Bill曾經(jīng)將他在太空站的生活描述為與海上船上的生活一樣)”可知,此句是D項(xiàng)“空氣溫暖潮濕,讓他們覺得很黏”的順義承接,空氣潮濕,就跟在海上生活一樣潮濕,總感覺悶熱,很黏,故選D。
【18題詳解】
根據(jù)空后“Communication problems could last hours.(溝通問題也會(huì)持續(xù)幾小時(shí))”可知,此處講交流、溝通的困難。故C項(xiàng)“他們與地面聯(lián)系使用的是階段性的無線電”符合,溝通是階段性的,偶爾能聯(lián)系上,都在講20年前太空站溝通的問題,故選C。
【19題詳解】
根據(jù)空前“Today the space station is almost as large as a football field.(現(xiàn)在的太空站與一個(gè)足球場一樣大。)”可知,此處講現(xiàn)在的太空站空間很大,故F項(xiàng)“在400平方米內(nèi),它有著足夠多的太陽能設(shè)備?!边M(jìn)一步說明現(xiàn)在太空站的優(yōu)勢,符合,故選F。
【20題詳解】
根據(jù)空前“It takes only 90 minutes for the space station to circle the world.(太空站只需要90分鐘就能環(huán)繞世界一圈。)”可知,E項(xiàng)“著能讓機(jī)組成員在一天之內(nèi)看到16次日出和16次日落”順承前文,故此處E項(xiàng)符合,故項(xiàng)E。
第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
In 1963, 12-year-old Edith Lee-Payne stood among the crowd in Washington, taking part in the larger-than-life (有英雄色彩的) events. She’d travelled with her mother from Detroit to ____21____ Martin Luther King's speech—I Have A Dream. She listened to Dr. King’s words in awe (敬畏地).
The experience ____22____ Edith as an adult through some of her most difficult struggles. In 1990, when she lost her 20-year-old son in an accident, Edith followed King’s example and transformed her____23____ into an effort to help her fellow African-Americans.
Then in 2008, nearly 50 years after the speech, Edith received a(n)____24____ phone call. “I hope you’re sitting down, Edith,” said her cousin Marsha. Marsha had been out shopping when a calendar with famous images from African-American ____25____ jumped out at her. Rose Parks, Frederick Douglass, Martin Luther King and...12-year-old Edith Lee-Payne.
Edith laughed. She ____26____ her cousin was joking.____27____, curiosity got the better of her. After the cousin hung up,Edith did a Google search. The photograph wasn’t hard to find—in fact, it was famous! The photo had been published and ____28____ in textbooks for many years. She couldn’t believe she was the ____29____ of such a historical photograph. But when she looked at the photo of the 12-year-old girl, she saw ______30______ own eyes staring back at her. There was no mistake about it.
The photo was taken by Rowland Scherman, then a young photographer for the United States Information Agency. Rowland had been standing near the ______31______ as Dr. King began to speak. He was searching for the ______32______ face to capture (拍攝) the day’s high ______33______. In the crowd of 250,000, one young girl stood out.
For many, Edith is a powerful ______34______ of youth staring at a ______35______ full of hope.
21. A. introduce B. hear C. report D. edit
22. A. brought in B. remained with C. looked into D. pointed out
23. A. achievement B. purpose C. pain D. fortune
24. A. official B. regular C. consulting D. unexpected
25. A. habit B. language C. history D. prejudice
26. A. explained B. noticed C. complained D. assumed
27. A. Still B. Thus C. Besides D. Instead
28. A. preserved B. designed C. reproduced D. examined
29. A. supporter B. subject C. adolescent D. assistant
30. A. its B. their C. her D. his
31. A. studio B. court C. cottage D. stage
32. A. perfect B. ordinary C. confused D. relaxed
33. A. reputation B. intelligence C. energy D. quality
34. A. learner B. representative C. photographer D. adviser
35. A. scholar B. policy C. future D. statue
【21~35題答案】
【答案】21. B22. B23. C24. D25. C26. D27. A28. C29. B30. C31. D32. A33. C34. B35. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是Edith以金為榜樣,把她的痛苦變成一種努力,幫助她的非裔美國同胞的故事。
【21題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:她和她的媽媽從底特律一起旅行到華盛頓聽馬丁?路德?金演講。A. introduce 介紹;B. hear 聽見;C. report 報(bào)道;D. edit編輯。根據(jù)下文的“Martin Luther King's speech—I Have A Dream.”可知,此處指“聽見”演講。故選B。
【22題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意:這次經(jīng)歷一直伴隨著Edith到成年。A. brought in帶來,引進(jìn);B. remained with 屬于,取決于;C. looked into調(diào)查;D. pointed out指出,指明。根據(jù)下文“as an adult through some of her most difficult struggles.”可知,此處指痛苦的經(jīng)歷“伴隨著”她。故選B。
23題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:Edith以金為榜樣,把她的痛苦變成一種努力,幫助她的非裔美國同胞。A. achievement成就;B. purpose目的,意圖;C. pain疼痛;D. fortune命運(yùn),好運(yùn)。根據(jù)“transformed her____3____ into an effort to help her fellow African-Americans”,可知,她把“痛苦”變成努力。故選C。
【24題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:Edith接到一個(gè)意想不到的電話。A. official正式的;B. regular有規(guī)律的;C. consulting咨詢的;D. unexpected想不到的,意外的。根據(jù)下文“Marsha had been out shopping”可知,這是一個(gè)“未料到的”電話。故選D。
【25題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:Marsha正出去購物,就在那時(shí)一個(gè)印有非裔美國人歷史上著名人物的日歷突然出現(xiàn)在她的眼前。A. habit習(xí)慣;B. language語言;C. history歷史;D. prejudice偏見。根據(jù)空前的“a calendar with famous images from African-American”和下文的“Rose Parks, Frederick Douglass, Martin Luther King and...12-year-old Edith Lee-Payne. ”可知,此處指一個(gè)“歷史”人物。故選C。
【26題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:她以為她的堂姐妹在開玩笑。A. explained解釋;B. noticed注意到;C. complained抱怨;D. assumed假定,假設(shè)。根據(jù)空后“her cousin was joking”,可知,這是Edith“認(rèn)為”。故選D。
【27題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:然而她的好奇心占據(jù)了上風(fēng)。A. Still 仍然;B. Thus 因此;C. Besides另外;D. Instead代替。根據(jù)上文的“her cousin was joking”和下文的“curiosity got the better of her.”可知,前后是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,still符合句意。故選A。
【28題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:許多年來照片在課本上刊登又再次出現(xiàn)。A. preserved保留;B. designed設(shè)計(jì);C. reproduced重現(xiàn),再生產(chǎn);D. examined檢查。根據(jù)第9空后“such a historical photograph.”,可知,舊照片“再現(xiàn)”。故選C。
【29題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:她不相信她是一張如此有歷史性的照片的主題。A. supporter支持者;B. subject主題,學(xué)科;C. adolescent青少年;D. assistant助理。根據(jù)“She couldn’t believe she was the ____9____ of such a historical photograph.”可知,此處指舊照片作為“主題”。故選B。
【30題詳解】
考查代詞詞義辨析。句意:她看到她自己的眼睛盯著她。A. its它的;B. their他們的;C. her她的;D. his他的。根據(jù)空前“when she looked at the photo of the 12-year-old girl”,可知,此處指用“她”自己的眼睛。故選C。
【31題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在金博士開始演講的時(shí)候,Rowland正站在臺(tái)子附近。A. studio錄音室;B. court 法院;C. cottage村舍;D. stage階段,時(shí)期,舞臺(tái)。根據(jù)空后“as Dr. King began to speak.”可知,此處指在“舞臺(tái)”附近。故選D。
【32題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:他正搜尋那個(gè)完美的臉來拍攝這一天的高動(dòng)能。A. perfect完美的;B. ordinary 普通的;C. confused困惑的;D. relaxed放松的。根據(jù)下文“In the crowd of 250,000, one young girl stood out. ”,可知,此處指尋找“完美的”臉。故選A。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。她正搜尋那個(gè)完美的臉來拍攝這一天的高能量。 A. reputation 名譽(yù),名聲;B. intelligence 智力,才智;C. energy能力,能量;D. quality質(zhì)量,品質(zhì)。根據(jù)空前“to capture(拍攝)the day’s high”,可知,此處指高“能量”。故選C。
【34題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。對于許多人來說,Edith是盯著充滿希望的未來的年輕人中一個(gè)有力的代表。A. learner 初學(xué)者;B. representative 代表;C. photographer 攝影師;D. adviser顧問。根據(jù)上文“In the crowd of 250,000, one young girl stood out. ”,可知,此處要找一個(gè)有力的“代表”。故選B。
35題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。對于許多人來說,Edith是盯著充滿希望的未來的年輕人中一個(gè)有力的代表。A. scholar 學(xué)者;B. policy 政策;C. future 未來;D. statue塑像。根據(jù)空前的youth和空后的“full of hope”,可知,尋找“未來”希望。故選C。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
I used to love English and dreamed of being an English teacher one day. So sometimes I sat in the class for English majors. One course I chose was English education for primary and middle school. The teacher was a friendly middle-aged man, ____36____ sense of humor impressed me a lot. After class,____37____ I attended his class was what he hoped to know. I told him it was because I wanted to be an English teacher in the future though English was not my major. I supposed it was one of the best ____38____ (occupation). He encouraged me. I considered him to be such a ____39____(rely) person.
I often imagined teaching my students English in class. Time flew by and the semester(學(xué)期)soon came to the end. I wrote an article about middle school English teaching and gave it to him at the end of the last class.
When the new semester began, I had to pay more attention to graduating and planning my future career. I was depressed because I had no interest in my major (computer science) and had failed several exams.____40____ was my concern how I could change the situation.
At that time,____41____(think) of him and the article I wrote, I went to see him. To my surprise, he said my article was good and he wanted to submit it to a magazine. Then he asked me about my studies. I could tell that he cared about me and my studies.
Afterwards, that I devoted more energy ____42____ my studies just as he told me to helped me achieve more. Then, about a month later, he told me the article had been published. On the day before my departure(離開)from school, I went to his office and told him I was leaving. He told me to keep working hard and that he hoped I ____43____ (get) a good job soon. It was so encouraging that he said so. It was my ____44____ (assume) that I could succeed.
Soon I found a job as an English teacher in my hometown. It is _____45_____ (essential) important for me. Now I’m happy, but I often think of him and I know my thanks for him still live in my heart.
【36~45題答案】
【答案】36. a37. why
38. occupations
39. reliable
40. It41. thinking
42. to43. would get
44. assumption
45. essentially
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文,講述了作者經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃,遇到了一個(gè)老師,老師給他的幫助以及他對老師的懷念。
【36題詳解】
考查冠詞。句意:老師是一名友好的中年男子,他的幽默感給了我很深的印象。根據(jù)句子分析可知,此處表示“幽默感”表達(dá)為a sense of humor,故填a。
【37題詳解】
考查主語從句。句意:下課后,他說他想知道我為什么回來上他的課。根據(jù)句子分析可知,此處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,且根據(jù)下文“I told him it was because”可知,從句中缺原因狀語從句,故填why。
【38題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:我認(rèn)為那是最好的職業(yè)之一。根據(jù)空前“one of”可知,此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),故填occupations。
【39題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意:我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)靠譜的人。根據(jù)空前冠詞a以及空后名詞person可知,此處應(yīng)填形容詞修飾person,故填reliable。
【40題詳解】
考查代詞。句意:我擔(dān)心的是我應(yīng)該怎樣來改變這種情況。根據(jù)句子分析可知,此空做形式主語,how I could change the situation為真正的主語,故用it做形式主語,故填I(lǐng)t。
【41題詳解】
考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語。句意:那時(shí),想到他和我寫的那篇文章,我跑去看他。根據(jù)句子分析可知,I went to see him為主句,此空為狀語,think與I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,故填thinking。
【42題詳解】
考查介詞。句意:之后,正如他所說的那樣,我投入了更多的經(jīng)歷在學(xué)習(xí)上,這讓我取得了更多的成就。根據(jù)句子分析可知,此處意為“將……投入到……”,表達(dá)為devote…to…,故填to。
【43題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他告訴我要繼續(xù)努力,并且希望我會(huì)很快找到一個(gè)好工作。根據(jù)soon可知,此處應(yīng)為將來時(shí),表示之后的動(dòng)作,且told為一般過去時(shí),故應(yīng)用過去將來時(shí),故填would get。
【44題詳解】
考查名詞。句意:我認(rèn)為我能成功。根據(jù)空前my以及空后that引導(dǎo)同位語從句可知,此處應(yīng)填名詞,故填assumption。
【45題詳解】
考查副詞。句意:這對我來說極其重要。根據(jù)句子分析可知,此空修飾形容詞important,應(yīng)用副詞,故填essentially。
第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié)(滿分15分)
46. 假定你是李華,兼職為你校英文報(bào)工作。目前校報(bào)正在招募記者,你校的一名交換生Bill 有意參加此次面試并向你尋求建議,請你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫一封回信。要點(diǎn)如下:
1. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá);
2. 充滿自信;
3. 閱讀一些新聞報(bào)道的文章,收集相關(guān)的資料。
注意寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Bill,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【46題答案】
【答案】Dear Bill,
Learning that you are willing to become a reporter of our school English newspaper, I’m glad to offer you some advice on how to perform well in the interview.
My suggestions are as follows. Firstly, I would like to recommend that you arrive at the appointed time, because being punctual is a good quality. Then, when interviewed, I believe a confident person will leave a good impression on others. Please smile at the interviewers and behave in a good manner. Lastly, you’d better read some well-written articles of news reports and collect relevant materials in advance, which helps you better serve our school newspaper.
I hope you will find these proposals practical. I would be more than delighted if you keep me informed of the result. Good luck.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)為一篇應(yīng)用文。要求考生就交換生Bill想要申請成為校報(bào)記者寫一封建議信。
詳解】1.詞匯積累:
建議:suggestion→advice/proposal/recommendation
約定的時(shí)間:the appointed time→the assigned time
提前:in advance→ ahead of time
高興的:pleased→glad/happy/cheerful/delighted
2.句式拓展:
原句:Learning that you are willing to become a reporter of our school English newspaper, I’m glad to offer you some advice on how to perform well in the interview.
拓展句:Conveyed from the fact that you are willing to become a reporter of our school English newspaper, I hasten to offer you some advice on how to perform well in the interview.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】
Learning that you are willing to become a reporter of our school English newspaper, I’m glad to offer you some advice on how to perform well in the interview.(運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語和that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。)
【高分句型2】
Lastly, you’d better read some well-written articles of news reports and collect relevant materials in advance, which helps you better serve our school newspaper.(運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。)
第二節(jié)(滿分25分)
47. 閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
What separates me from everyone else? The difference is not what clothes I wear or the music I listen to, but what I feel inside.
Ever since I was young, I have loved professional wrestling. I woke up every Saturday to watch my favorite “super stars.” As I grew older, I got a lot of criticism for watching this “fake” sport. My peers would laugh at me for following what was called a “man’s soap opera.” So, I put my love for wrestling on the shelf. Like everyone else, I wanted to be associated with the cool group. I desired to be invited to the parties of the in-crowd(圈內(nèi)人)and hang out with the popular kids. I became pretty successful. Although my Friday evenings were busy with parties,I would still wake up early Saturdays to watch wrestling. It wasn’t until my freshman year that I realized I wasn’t being myself.
That year, I tried many new things and activities and made new friends. In my town, football was the sport, so I decided to play football,thinking it might give me a head start in popularity. The team started with 48 athletes. In the end,there were 14 of us left. I stuck it out not because I liked it, but because I am not a quitter. That long season taught me a lesson: I wasn’t a football player. More importantly, it taught me to be myself.
After that season, I went back to being a wrestling fan. I watched it regularly, no matter what insults were thrown my way. I came across a quote: “Don’t Dream It. Be It.” When I read this,my friend Dan had the same idea I had.
“What if we build a wrestling ring(拳擊場)?” we asked. We acquired the necessary wood and equipment for its construction. The following weekend, we met at his house. We saw our dream in a pile in his backyard. We worked from dawn to dusk to build our greet establishment. By Sunday night, our mission was complete. Our hard work combined with a little creativity had paid off. We had a real ring.
注意:1. 續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
We decided to hold an “event.”
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We are now well-known throughout school.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【47題答案】
【答案】One possible version:
We decided to hold an “event.” We practiced for hours, trying to improve every aspect of our wrestling ability. The date was May 24th. Our show had a start time of 9:00 p.m. To our surprise, about one hundred people including family members, friends and fans showed up to support us. It was the most important night of my life and a complete success. Since that time, we have held five shows with as many as two hundred and fifty people turning out. We continued to live this dream. We accomplished what we set out to do.
We are now well-known throughout school. When I walk down the halls, I am respected by my peers. Some are the same peers who ridiculed me for watching wrestling when I was younger. When they approach me, they often say, “Good match” I humbly say, “Thank you,” knowing I did something I believed in. As my senior year winds down, I'll remember all of my university memories. But what will stick out most is the memory that I did something I loved, despite what everyone said or thought. I accomplished my goal. I lived my dream.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開,講述了作者在小時(shí)候一直都很喜歡職業(yè)摔跤,后來在同齡人的嘲笑之下,放棄了自己的夢想。不過在最后還是感覺到人要做真正的自我,于是和朋友建了一個(gè)拳擊場,取得了成功。告訴我們做人要做真正的自我。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫:
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我們決定舉辦一場“活動(dòng)”。”可知,第一段可描寫作者開始進(jìn)行摔跤表演,并進(jìn)行了多次演出,取得了成功。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我們現(xiàn)在在學(xué)校里很出名?!笨芍诙慰擅鑼懽髡咴趯W(xué)校得到了尊重,完成了自己的目標(biāo),實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。
2.續(xù)寫線索:練習(xí)摔跤——親朋好友支持——出名——受尊敬——實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想——感悟
3.詞匯激活
行為類
①開始做某事:set out to do sth./start to do sth.
②出現(xiàn):show up/turn up
③完成:accomplish/finish
情緒類
①謙遜: humbly/modest
②感謝:thank you/many thanks
【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]. We accomplished what we set out to do.(由連接詞what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)
[高分句型2]. Some are the same peers who ridiculed me for watching wrestling when I was younger.(由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句;由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句)
聽力答案:1~5 BACBA 6?10 CBACC 11?15 BBCAB 16?20 CCABC
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