The average bear， it seems， is getting ever smarter. First， it turned ut that at least ne can use a cmb. Nw it appears that sme can cunt， t.
Jennifer Vnk， f Oakland University， in Michigan， and Michael Beran， frm Gergia State University， set three American black bears the task f distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller grups f dts （點） n a cmputer screen. In return fr a fd reward ne bear， Brutus， wuld tuch the mre heavily dtted pattern with his nse. The thers， Bella and Dusty， wuld tuch the screen with their claws （爪子）.
As the researchers reprt in Animal Behavir， the bears did best with patterns where the clured dts did nt mve and where mre f them als tk up a larger clured area. This culd be explained by the bears' distinguishing the different areas f clur rather than truly cunting the dts. Hwever， the three bears managed t pick ut the bigger number f dts even in pairs f patterns where fewer dts tk up a larger area.
Mving patterns， where each dt fllwed its wn path arund the screen， were mre f a challenge. But Brutus， at least， was nt defeated. He seemed t be cunting mbile dts even when the scientists tried t mislead him by mving the ttal clured area f the dts at the same time.
It is nt entirely surprising that bears shuld have a high degree f intelligence. They face a lt f challenges when trying t get fd. They are， hwever， always alne， and s d nt have the cmplex scial systems that cntribute t animal smarts. Perhaps， then， their maths skill develped because they cannt cunt n their friends fr help.
（1）What task did the scientists set fr the three bears？
A. Distinguishing different dt patterns. B. Figuring ut different clurs f dts.
C. Putting the dts int differently clured grups. D. Picking ut the grup with a larger number f dts.
（2）Fr the bears， the task was easier when .
A. the clured dts were mving slwly B. the dt patterns were regular in shape
C. the dts fllwed a path n the screen D. mre dts cvered a larger clured area
（3）What may explain the bears' high degree f intelligence？
A. They learn skills frm ther animals. B. They face life challenges n their wn.
C. They feed n a diverse range f fd. D. They have cmplex scial netwrks.
（4）What can be a suitable title fr the text？
A. Bears Taught t Distinguish Clurs B. New Evidence f Bear Intelligence Fund
C. Three Bears Learned Hw t Cunt D. The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】本文是說明文。本文介紹了一些關于黑熊的新發(fā)現(xiàn) ，有證據(jù)表明熊是一種高智商動物。
【解答】（1）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中的 set three American black bears the task f distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller grups f dts n a cmputer screen. 可知，科學家們給三只美國黑熊設定了一個任務，讓它們在電腦屏幕上區(qū)分點數(shù)量較多和較少的點組，可推知布置的任務是區(qū)分不同的點模式。以及第三段Hwever， the three bears managed t pick ut the bigger number f dts even in pairs f patterns where fewer dts tk up a larger area. 然而，這三只熊甚至在成對的模式中都能找到數(shù)量較多的點，而在這種模式中，數(shù)量較少的點占據(jù)了更大的區(qū)域。 也就是其目的主要是讓三只熊選出更多的點數(shù)，故選D。
（2）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句 As the researchers reprt in Animal Behavir， the bears did best with patterns where the clured dts did nt mve and where mre f them als tk up a larger clured area.正如研究人員在《動物行為》雜志上所報道的那樣，熊在圖案上的表現(xiàn)最好，這些圖案中的彩色點沒有移動，而且更多的點占據(jù)了更大的彩色區(qū)域?？芍蕉帱c覆蓋越大顏色區(qū)域時，任務對黑熊來說就越簡單， 也就是D. mre dts cvered a larger clured area更多點覆蓋更大彩色區(qū)域，符合答案，故選D。
（3）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句和第三句 They face a lt f challenges when trying t get fd. They are， hwever， always alne， and s d nt have the cmplex scial systems that cntribute t animal smarts. 他們在獲取食物時面臨著很多挑戰(zhàn)。然而，他們總是孤獨的，因此沒有形成動物智慧的復雜社會系統(tǒng)。可知黑熊的高智力和它們必須獨自面對生存挑戰(zhàn)有關， 也就是B. They face life challenges n their wn符合答案，故選B。
（4）B.標題判斷題。結合文章第一段 The average bear， it seems， is getting ever smarter. First， it turned ut that at least ne can use a cmb. Nw it appears that sme can cunt， t. "一般的熊似乎變得越來越聰明了。首先，事實證明至少一頭熊可以使用梳子?，F(xiàn)在看來，有些熊也會數(shù)數(shù)。"以及全文內容可知，介紹了一些新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，用來證明熊是一種高智商動物，所以文章標題應該是"發(fā)現(xiàn)了證明熊智力的新證據(jù)"。即B. New Evidence f Bear Intelligence Fund符合答案，故選B。
Passage 2．（2021?山東模擬）
Scientists in Italy are investigating the mysterius appearance f pink glacial ice in the Alps， caused by algae（藻類） that accelerate the effects f climate change.
There is debate abut where the algae cme frm， but Biagi Di Maur f Italy's Natinal Research Cuncil said the pink snw bserved n parts f the Presena glacier（冰川） is likely caused by the same plant fund in Greenland.
"The alga is nt dangerus， it is a natural phenmenn that ccurs during the spring and summer perids in the middle latitudes but als at the Ples，" said Di Maur， wh had previusly studied the algae at the Mrteratsch glacier in Switzerland.
The plant， knwn as Ancylnema nrdenskieldii， is present in Greenland's s﹣called Dark Zne，where the ice is als melting. Nrmally ice reflects mre than 80% f the sun's radiatin back int the atmsphere，but as algae appear， they darken the ice s that it absrbs the heat and melts mre quickly. Mre algae appear as the ice melts mre rapidly， giving them vital water and air and adding red clrs t the white ice at the Pass Gavia， altitude 2618 metres（8590 feet）.
"Everything that darkens the snw causers it t melt because it accelerates the absrptin f radiatin，" said Di Maur."We are trying t quantify the effect f ther phenmena besides the human ne n the verheating f the Earth，" said Di Maur， nting that the presence f hikers and ski lifts culd als have an impact n the algae.
Turists at the glacier expressed their lament t the impact f climate change. "Overheating f the planet is a prblem， the last thing we needed was algae，" said turist Marta Durante. "Unfrtunately we are ding severe damage. We are already at the pint f n return， I think." Elisa Pnni frm Flrence said she felt the Earth was "giving us back everything we have dne t it"."2020 is a special year： terrible things have happened，" she said. "In my pinin， atmspheric phenmena are wrsening. Climate change is increasingly evident."
（1）What is special abut the present glaciers in the Alps？
A. It results in mre natural disasters. B. It presents an unusual clur.
C. It becmes mre mysterius than ever. D. It has been cvered with varius plants.
（2）Which f the fllwing can best describe the relatinship between ice and algae？
A. Algae darkens the ice. B. Algae makes the ice melted.
C. They interact with each ther. D. Melted ice prmtes the grwth f algae.
（3）Which f the fllwing best explains "lament" underlined in Paragraph 6？
A. Depressin. B. Anger. C. Cnfusin. D. Embarrassment.
（4）What is the purpse f this passage？
A. T explain a natural phenmenn. B. T intrduce a rare and unusual plant.
C. T draw public attentin climate change. D. T criticize the imprper behavirs f mankind.
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了阿爾卑斯山出現(xiàn)的神秘粉色冰川，人們經(jīng)過調查發(fā)現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)粉色冰川是因為一種藻類覆蓋在了上面，它與冰川相互作用，加速了全球變暖的進程。
【解答】（1）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"the mysterius appearance f pink glacial ice"（粉紅色冰川的神秘外觀）可知，冰川呈現(xiàn)粉紅色，這是一種不同尋常的顏色。故選B.
（2）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句中的"as algae appear，they darken the ice s that it absrbs the heat and melts mre quickly. Mre algae appear as the ice melts mre rapidly，giving them vital water and air"藻類的出現(xiàn)會使冰變黑，這樣冰就會吸收熱量，融化得更快；冰層融化速度的加快又為藻類提供了重要的水和空氣，致使更多的藻類生長。由此可推知，冰川與藻類之間是相互作用的關系。故選C.
（3）A.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段內容尤其是第二句中的"Overheating f the planet is a prblem"以及倒數(shù)第二句中的"atmspherie phenmena are wrsening"可知，游客們表達了對氣候變化所帶來的影響的惋惜之情。由此可推知，lament應意為"惋惜"，與A項意思相近。A. Depressin惋惜；B. Anger生氣；C. Cnfusin困惑；D. Embarrassment尷尬。故選A.
（4）C.寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了阿爾卑斯山出現(xiàn)神秘粉色冰川的成因以及人類活動，氣候變化導致全球變暖的情況加劇，以此吸引人們對氣候變化的關注。故選B.
Passage 3．（2020?吉林模擬）
Even if yu've never been t Phenix， yu knw this abut the place： It's ht． But that desn't stp hikers frm attempting the 1.3﹣mile trek（跋涉）t the tp f the city's famed Camelback Muntain． Signs warn that the trail is "extremely difficult．" If yu cntinue， a psted checklist suggests at least a liter f water per persn． And if yu keep climbing， anther sign farther up declares； "If yu're halfway thrugh yur water turn arund!"
Unfrtunately， many peple d nt pay attentin t the warnings． Frtunately， Sctt Cullymre des． The 53﹣year﹣ld man hikes up and dwn Camelback a cuple f times a day giving ut cld bttles f water t wrn﹣ut hikers． He has helped s many hikers that he has earned a heavenly nickname： the Water Angel "I'd like a mre manly name， but， yu knw，" he tld azfamily， cm．
Cullymre was n Camelback Muntain ne day in 2015 when a British turist died after being lst fr nearly six hurs in the July heat． That experience inspired him t start helping peple caught unaware by Arizna's unfrgiving versin f Mther Nature， "They underestimate the muntain， and they verestimate what they can d，and they get themselves in truble，" he tld the Arizna Republic． If a hiker has a red face and is nt sweating anymre， Cullymre reaches int his insulated （隔熱的）backpack， pulls ut a frsty bttle， and hands it t the persn． "It's misleading that we're in the middle f the city． Yu can die up here， and n ne wuld knw． "
One hiker wh received Cullymre's water agrees． "Yu think yu knw the heat，but then yu get ut here in the desert and it surrunds yu like a blanket，" he said，pinting t Cullymre， "but we are lucky， we run int this gd man here， " And with that， the Water Angel ges in search f anther hiker in need．
（1）What is the purpse f the signs alng the hike way？
A． T shw the trek is difficult． B． T warn hikers t take enugh water．
C． T frighten peple t give up． D． T avid hikers getting lst．
（2）What des Sctt Cullymne think f his nickname？
A． It's wmanish． B． It's manly． C． It's irnic． D． It's apprpriate．
（3）Wh will Sctt ffer his help t？
A． Anybdy he meets． B． Thse in the middle f the trek．
C． Anyne in need f water． D． Thse wh sweat a lt．
（4）What can be the best title f this text？
A． A Desert﹣Like Muntain B． Fighting against Heat C． Necessities fr Hiking D． Water Angel
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了Cullymre免費給登山者送冷藏飲用水的故事．
【解答】（1）B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第一段中"Signs warn that the trail is"extremely difficult．If yu cntinue，a psted checklist suggests at least a liter f water per persn．路標警告說，這條路"非常困難"，如果你繼續(xù)，張貼的檢查表建議每人至少要喝一升水"．可知，路途中的那些指示牌告誡人們這條路很難，需要帶足夠的水．故選B．
（2）A．觀點態(tài)度題．根據(jù)第二段中"I'd like a mre manly name我想要一個更有男子氣概的名字"，說明他認為the Water Angel這個名字有點兒女孩氣．A． It's wmanish女孩氣；B． It's manly有男子漢氣概的；C． It's irnic諷刺的；D． It's apprpriate適當?shù)模蔬xA．
（3）C．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段中"If a hiker has a red face and is nt sweating anymre，Cullymre reaches int his insulated backpack，pulls ut a frsty bttle，and hands it t the persn．如果一個徒步旅行者的臉紅了，不再出汗，卡利莫爾就會把手伸進他的隔熱背包，拿出一個冰鎮(zhèn)的瓶子，遞給那個人．"可知， Sctt 給需要的人提供水．故選C．
（3）D．標題歸納題．本文主要講述了Cullymre為缺水的徒步旅行者送水的故事，他因此獲得"the Water Angel"的外號．因此用這個外號作為標題，很切題意．故選D．
Passage 4．（2020?漢中模擬）
Even if yu've never been t Phenix， yu knw this abut the place： It's ht． But that desn't stp hikers frm attempting the 1.3﹣mile trek （跋涉）t the tp f the city's famed Camelback Muntain． Signs warn that the trail is "extremely difficult．" If yu cntinue， a psted checklist suggests at least a liter f water per persn． And if yu keep climbing， anther sign farther up declares： "If yu're halfway thrugh yur water， turn arund!"
Unfrtunately， many peple d nt pay attentin t the warnings． Frtunately， Sctt Cullymre des． The 53﹣year﹣ld man hikes up and dwn Camelback a cuple f times a day， giving ut cld bttles f water t wrn﹣ut hikers． He has helped s many hikers that he has earned a heavenly nickname： the Water Angel． "I'd like a mre manly name， but， yu knw，" he tld azfamily．cm．
Cullymre was n Camelback Muntain ne day in 2015 when a British turist died after being lst fr nearly six hurs in the July heat． That experience inspired him t start helping peple caught unaware by Arizna's unfrgiving versin f Mther Nature． "They underestimate the muntain， and they verestimate what they can d， and they get themselves in truble，" he tld the Arizna Republic． If a hiker has a red face and is nt sweating anymre， Cullymre reaches int his insulated （隔熱的）backpack， pulls ut a frsty bttle， and hands it t the persn． "It's misleading that we′re in the middle f the city． Yu can die up here， and n ne wuld knw．"
One hiker wh received Cullimre's water agrees． "Yu think yu knw the heat， but then yu get ut here in the desert and it surrunds yu like a blanket，" he said， pinting t Cullymre， "but we are lucky， we run int this gd man here．" And with that， the Water Angel ges in search f anther hiker in need．
（1）What is the purpse f the signs alng the hike way？
A． T shw the trek is difficult． B． T warn hikers t take enugh water．
C． T frighten peple t give up． D． T avid hikers getting lst．
（2）What des Sctt Cullymne think f his nickname？
A． It's wmanish．B． It's manly．C． It's irnic．D． It's apprpriate．
（3）Wh will Sctt ffer his help t？
A． Anybdy he meets． B． Thse in the middle f the trek．
C． Anyne in need f water． D． Thse wh sweat a lt．
（4）What can be the best title f this text？
A． A Desert﹣Like Muntain B． Fighting against Heat
C． Necessities fr Hiking D． Water Angel
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了Cullymre免費給登山者送冷藏飲用水的故事．
【解答】（1）B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第一段中"Signs warn that the trail is"extremely difficult．If yu cntinue，a psted checklist suggests at least a liter f water per persn．"路標警告說，這條路"非常困難"，如果你繼續(xù)，張貼的檢查表建議每人至少要喝一升水．可知，路途中的那些指示牌告誡人們這條路很難，需要帶足夠的水．故選B．
（2）A．觀點態(tài)度題．根據(jù)第二段中"I'd like a mre manly name"我想要一個更有男子氣概的名字，說明他認為the Water Angel這個名字有點兒女孩氣．A． It's wmanish女孩氣；B． It's manly有男子漢氣概的；C． It's irnic諷刺的；D． It's apprpriate適當?shù)模蔬xA．
（3）C．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段中"If a hiker has a red face and is nt sweating anymre，Cullymre reaches int his insulated backpack，pulls ut a frsty bttle，and hands it t the persn．"如果一個徒步旅行者的臉紅了，不再出汗，卡利莫爾就會把手伸進他的隔熱背包，拿出一個冰鎮(zhèn)的瓶子，遞給那個人．可知， Sctt 給需要的人提供水．故選C．
（3）D．標題歸納題．本文主要講述了Cullymre為缺水的徒步旅行者送水的故事，他因此獲得"the Water Angel"的外號．因此用這個外號作為標題，很切題意．故選D．
Passage 5．（2020?泰安二模）
The cean cvers ver 70 percent f the surface f Earth tday， but ver 3 billin years ag the entire planet may have been cvered in water． T investigate what ur planet was like billins f years ag， a team f researchers turned t indirect methds f analysis at a gelgical site in the Australian Outback knwn as Panrama （全景畫） in the Pilbara Cratn． Tday， the regin is 100 kilmeters inland， but 3.2 billin years ag， it was deep underwater．
In fact， there were als nce ancient hydrthermal vents（熱水口）there where seawater bubbled up thrugh the cean flr．"There are n samples f really ancient cean water lying arund， but we d have rcks that interacted with that seawater and remembered that interactin，" lead authr Benjamin Jhnsn， an assistant prfessr at Iwa State University，said in a statement．
The researchers cllected ver 100 f these rck samples and fund smething peculiar in them： a slightly higher amunt f a particular istpe（同位素） f xygen． The vast majrity f xygen n Earth is Oxygen﹣16 and cntains eight prtns（質子）and eight neutrns． Hwever，abut 0.20 percent is Oxygen﹣18．
Samples frm Australia shw the regin's ancient water cntained mre Oxygen﹣18 than present times． Since cntinents are cvered in clay﹣rich sil that is efficient at trapping Oxygen﹣18， the team suggests that withut cntinents cvered in sil， mre Oxygen﹣18 wuld have been present in the cean． Their discvery indeed suggests there wasn't much dry land available 3.24 billin years ag．
"There's nthing in what we've dne that says yu can't have tiny， micr ﹣cntinents sticking ut f the ceans，" added c﹣authr Bswell Wing． "We just dn't think there were glbal﹣scale frmatins f cntinental sils like we have tday．" The researchers dn't knw when and hw cntinents began t emerge ut f the cean but they plan t investigate "yunger" rck frmatins t piece tgether a mre precise timeline．
（1）Where is the research site？
A． In a regin deep underwater． B． In a regin ff Australia．
C． In a regin inland Australia． D． In a regin utside the Pilbara Cratn．
（2）What d the underlined wrds "interact with" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A． Have an effect n each ther． B． Have a ne﹣way effect．
C． Have a mysterius effect． D． Have a negative effect．
（3）What's the researchers' cnclusin after analyzing samples frm Australia？
A． Mdern earth must have been a water wrld． B． Mdern earth must have been a cntinental wrld．
C． Ancient earth may have been a water wrld． D． Ancient earth may have been a cntinental wrld．
（4）What's the researchers' next fcus f the study？
A． T research cntinental sils' frmatins． B． T research the cean's frmatins．
C． T research "lder" rck frmatins． D． T research "yunger" rck frmatins．
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】本文為說明文．研究表明，30億年前整個地球可能被水覆蓋．本文就此觀點提出了研究證據(jù)．但是研究人員不知道大陸何時以及如何開始從海洋中出現(xiàn)，他們計劃調查更年輕的巖層，以拼湊出更精確的時間軸．
【解答】（1）C．細節(jié)理解題．由題干the research site可以鎖定第一段第二句"T investigate what ur planet was like bllins f years ag， a team f researchers turned t indirect methds f analysis at a gelgical site in the Australian Outback knwn as Panrama （全景畫） in the Pilbara Cratn"，由此可知，研究地點在澳大利亞內陸的一個地區(qū)．故選C．
（2）A．詞義猜測題．根據(jù)劃線詞所在的句子"There are n samples f really ancient cean water lying arund， but we d have rcks that interacted with that seawater and remembered that interactin"前半句句意可知，周圍沒有真正的古代海水樣本，但是我們確實有巖石與海水相互作用（interact ） ，此處interacted with that seawater意為"巖石與海水之間相互作用" ，故選A．
（3）C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第四段Samples frm Australia shw the regin's ancient water cntained mre Oxygen﹣ 18 than present time…the team suggests that withut cntinents cvered in sil， mre Oxygen﹣ 18 wuld have been present in the cean． Their discvery indeed suggests there wasn't much dry land available 3.24 bllin years ag．可知， 來自澳大利亞的樣本顯示，該地區(qū)古代的水比現(xiàn)在含有更多的氧﹣18．研究小組認為，如果大陸上沒有覆蓋著土壤，那么海洋中可能存在更多的氧﹣18．他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)確實表明，在32.4億年前，地球上沒有多少干燥的土地．因此，古代地球可能是一個水的世界 ，故選C．
（4）D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段"The researchers dn't knw when and hw cntinents began t emerge ut f the cean but they plan t investigate "yunger" rck frmatins t piece tgether a mre precise timeline．"可知，研究人員不知道大陸何時以及如何開始從海洋中出現(xiàn)，但他們計劃調查更年輕的巖層，以拼湊出更精確的時間軸．研究人員為了弄清楚大陸何時以及如何開始從海洋中出現(xiàn)，下一個重點是研究更年輕的巖層，故選D．
Passage 6．（2020?湖北模擬）
The huge Flrida wetland knwn as the Everglades is a slw﹣mving river 80 kilmeters wide but nly a few centimeters deep． Peple call the Everglades a "river f grass" because sawgrass cvers mst f it． Sawgrass is nt really grass． It is a plant that has leaves edged with tiny sharp teeth that can easily cut thrugh clthes ﹣and skin!
Travel in the Everglades is difficult． Yu cannt walk thrugh shallw water because the sawgrass will cut yu． The water is t shallw fr regular bats． S， we use an airbat． An airbat is a flat， pen bat． Like an airplane， it has a big prpeller t mve it． The prpeller is fixed n the rear f the bat． It makes a lud nise but it des the jb． The bat skims alng the water's surface． Althugh we can still get lst in an airbat， at least we are abve the alligatrs （短吻鱷）．
Fr a lng time， dangers have threatened the Everglades． Arund 1900， sme peple felt this precius wetland shuld be drained（排干）． They said it was just a big swamp and nt gd fr anything． In the 1920s， there was a land bm in Flrida． Peple wanted t build hmes everywhere， including in the Everglades． They built canals， levees， and ther water systems that stpped the rivers flwing int the Everglades． Factries were built near rivers that flwed int the wetland． These factries pured pisnus waste that damaged the envirnment f the everglades．
Peple are nw wrking t preserve the Everglades Natinal Park fr the future． Right nw ne big prblem is the paperbark tree． This tree is an invader frm Australia．
Paperbark trees sak up a lt f water． In the early 1900s，peple brught them t Flrida because they thught they wuld help drain the Everglades． Hwever， the invaders adapted t well． Paperbark trees have taken ver hundreds f thusands f acres f the everglades and killed ther trees． Scientists are cutting dwn these trees r spraying them with herbicides t kill them．
（1）What pssibly cause（s） airbats t get lst in the Everglades？
A． The sawgrass．B． The vast river．C． The alligatrs．D． The shallw water．
（2）Why d airbats take the place f nrmal bats？
A． Because they can mve faster． B． Because their nise frightens the alligatrs．
C． Because they have flat bttms． D． Because they carry mre passengers．
（3）Hw did peple try t drain the Everglades？
A． By cutting dwn trees B． By building factries．
C． By grwing sawgrass． D． By digging water channels．
（4）Which categry des the underlined wrd "herbicides" in the last paragraph belng t？
A． Seeds．B． Pisns．C． Crps．D． Paints．
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】本文主要介紹了美國著名的佛羅里達濕地Everglades，以及人們保護這塊濕地的有關情況．
【解答】（1）A．細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第二段的 Travel in the Everglades is difficult． Yu cannt walk thrugh shallw water because the sawgrass will cut yu．在大沼澤地旅行是很困難的．你不能走過淺水區(qū)，因為鋸草會把你割傷．可知，汽船可能會迷路因為有很多鋸齒草，故選A．
（2）C．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段的 S， we use an airbat． An airbat is a flat， pen bat．所以，我們用的是氣墊船．氣墊船是一種平的，開著的船．可知，氣墊船代替了普通的船，因為它們有平底．故選C．
（3）D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段 They built canals， levees， and ther water systems that stpped the rivers flwing int the Everglades．他們修建運河、堤壩和其他水系，阻止河流流入大沼澤地．可知，人們試圖通過挖水道把沼澤地排干．故選D．
（4）B．詞義猜測題．根據(jù)最后一段的Scientists are cutting dwn these trees r spraying them with herbicides t kill them．科學家們正在砍倒這些樹或用除草劑噴灑以殺死它們．可知，"herbicides" 是一種毒藥．A． Seeds．種子；B． Pisns．毒藥；C． Crps．作物；D． Paints．油漆．故選B．
Passage 7．（2020?珠海三模）
Chengdu， the capital f Sichuan prvince， has an ancient cmpetitin with Chngqing， a city t its suth﹣east． Residents f Chngqing accused their Chengdu cusins f being pmpus（自大的）． The peple f Chngqing were htheads， Chengdu residents sht back． Bth cities share a lve f spice﹣laden Sichuan cuisine， which in recent decades has ccupied Chinese dinner tables． But they are at war ver which has the best Sichuan htpt﹣a type f DIY﹣cking that invlves biling vegetables and slices f meat with chillies and numbing peppercrns．
A private museum in Chngqing， pened several years ag， makes the case fr the Chngqing﹣style htpt． It describes hw it develped frm a methd used t make cheap ffcuts f meat taste delicius． But Chengdu is playing catch﹣up． In January the city sld a plt f land n cnditin that the develper build a htpt museum n part f it．
The tw cities are amng many in China with their wn styles f htpt． Htpt restaurants in China are mre prfitable than ther kinds． Haidila， a well﹣knwn Sichuan﹣based htpt chain， raised nearly ＄1bn when it was listed n the Hng Kng Stck Exchange （股票交易所） in September．
Nt all Chinese warm t htpt． Sme lder Sichuanese refuse t be cnnected with it． They cmplain that it is causing veruse f chilli in ther dishes that cver up the riginal genuine flavurs．
But Chengdu's plans fr a museum suggest that Sichuan htpt is nt nly grwing in ppularity， but is als becming symblic． If it can set the West n fire， fficials may hpe it will becme a delicius new surce f Chinese sft pwer． There will be plenty f glry fr bth Chengdu and Chngqing t take pride in if that happens．
（1）Why are Chengdu and Chngqing cmpeting with each ther？
A． Because Chengdu peple think Chngqing peple are pmpus．
B． Because Chengdu residents like t sht back in battles．
C． Because they bth think they are better at eating spicy fd．
D． Because they bth believe they have the best Sichuan htpt．
（2）What is the purpse f building a htpt museum in Chengdu？
A． T cmpete with Chngqing．B． T advertise Sichuan cuisine．
C． T shw their lve fr htpt．D． T keep the htpt traditin．
（3）What can we infer abut htpt frm the last paragraph？
A． The tw cities have cmpeted nly in recent decades．B． Mre htpt museums will be built in the future．
C． Htpt is already a surce f Chinese sft pwer． D． Peple hld a high expectatin fr htpt culture．
（4）Which can be a suitable title fr the text？
A． Grwing Ppularity f Htpt in Tw Cities
B． Tw Cities' War Over Tastiest Sichuan Htpt
C． "N Htpt， N Happiness" True in Fd Business
D． Private Museum in Chngqing Opened First
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】這是一篇議論文．文章首段提到，兩城就誰做的火鍋最好的爭論引出論題，隨后結合事實：兩城先后建立博物館，相互競爭最終歸結到一點：火鍋在國際上的受歡迎程度將會給兩城人民帶來榮耀，這是政府和人民的期望．
【解答】（1）D． 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段" But they are at war ver which has the best Sichuan htpt﹣a type f DIY﹣cking that invlves biling vegetables and slices f meat with chillies and numbing peppercrns．但他們正在為哪一家擁有最好的四川火鍋而爭吵，這是一種DIY烹飪，包括煮蔬菜和肉片，再加上辣椒和麻木的胡椒．"可知，他們兩個城市爭論的焦點在于"誰的火鍋最好" ，選項D符合題意．故選D項．
（2）A． 推理判斷題．根據(jù)第二段最后兩句"But Chengdu is playing catch﹣up． In January the city sld a plt f land n cnditin that the develper build a htpt museum n part f it．但成都正在迎頭趕上．今年1月，該市出售了一塊土地，條件是開發(fā)商要在這塊土地上建一個火鍋博物館．"結合本段前兩句"A private museum in Chngqing， pened several years ag， makes the case fr the Chngqing﹣style htpt． It describes hw it develped frm a methd used t make cheap ffcuts f meat taste delicius．重慶一家私人博物館幾年前開館，為重慶式火鍋做了一個案例，它描述了它是如何從一種制作廉價肉塊的方法發(fā)展而來，肉味鮮美．"以及最后一段第一 句"But Chengdu's plans fr a museum suggest that Sichuan htpt is nt nly grwing in ppularity， but is als becming symblic．但成都的博物館計劃表明，四川火鍋不僅越來越受歡迎，而且正在成為一種象征．"比較內容可以得出，重慶開了私人博物館，來展示了重慶火鍋從便宜的邊角肉片嘗起來美味的發(fā)展過程，證明重慶火鍋的特色；成都賣了一塊地 ，讓開發(fā)商在里面建﹣座火鍋博物館 ，說明四川火鍋不僅越來越受歡迎，而且正變得具有象征意義．此舉動同樣是兩城在爭斗上的一個表現(xiàn)．選項A符合題意．故選A．
（3）D． 推理判斷題．理解最后一段內容 " But Chengdu's plans fr a museum suggest that Sichuan htpt is nt nly grwing in ppularity， but is als becming symblic． If it can set the West n fire， fficials may hpe it will becme a delicius new surce f Chinese sft pwer． There will be plenty f glry fr bth Chengdu and Chngqing t take pride in if that happens．但成都的博物館計劃表明，四川火鍋不僅越來越受歡迎，而且正在成為一種象征．如果它能點燃西方，官員們可能希望它成為中國軟實力的一個美味的新來源．如果真的這樣，成都和重慶都會為之感到自豪．"可以得出結論，火鍋在國際上的受歡迎程度將會給兩城人民帶來榮耀，這是政府和人民的期望， 選項D符合題意．故選D．
（4）B． 標題歸納題．文章首段提到，兩城就誰做的火鍋最好的爭論引出論題，隨后結合事實：兩城先后建立博物館，相互競爭，最終歸結到一點：火鍋在國際上的受歡迎程度將會給兩城人民帶來榮耀，這是政府和人民的期望．所以，文章的標題應該是：兩城之爭：誰做出了最好吃的四川火鍋．選項B符合題意．故選B．
Passage 8．（2020?河南模擬）
Many animals mve frm ne place t anther at certain times f the year． This annual mvement is called migratin． They migrate t find fd， seek a partner， r in search f warmer weather． One f the mst wnderful migratins in nature is that f the Nrth American mnarch butterfly．
Every autumn， millins f these beautiful insects with fine black and range wings begin a lng and difficult jurney． Smehw they manage t travel arund 4，000 kilmeters suth and find their way t Califrnia r Mexic． Hwever， until recently n ne knew hw they did this．
A team f scientists led by Prfessr Eli Shlizerman at the University f Washingtn has nw fund the answer． They have fund ut that the mnarch is able t tell the time f day． It uses its eyes t measure the psitin f the sun． These tw pieces f infrmatin﹣the time f day and the pint where the sun is in the sky﹣allw the butterfly t determine the way t g． Eventually， it manages t reach the places where it will spend the winter．
The slutin t the mystery f the mnarch's amazing ability cmes at a time when it is in serius truble． Its ppulatin has crashed by as much as 90 per cent in the last few years． Sadly， human activity is the main reasn why the number f mnarch butterflies is falling． In many f the places where the butterfly can be fund， peple are destrying the natural envirnment． They cut dwn trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that mnarch caterpillars eat．
The research n the mnarch's behavir has hwever led t a greater awareness f this creature． Peple have been wrking tgether t recrd its migratin and make sure that there are enugh plants fr it t feed n． If this wrks， there may cme a time when the number f mnarch butterflies increases nce again． The mre we knw abut this lvely creature， the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural wrld fr a lng time t cme．
（1）Which is nt the purpse f animals' migratin accrding t the text？
A．T search fr fd． B．T lk fr a partner．
C．T breed yung babies． D．T stay away frm cld weather．
（2）What mainly caused the decrease in the number f the mnarch butterflies？
A．Weather changes． B．Human activities．
C．Trees being cut dwn． D．The lng migratin every year．
（3）What can we knw frm the text？
A．All the animals migrate at fixed times f the year．
B．The mnarch has the ability t identify the time f day．
C．The ppulatin f the mnarch is decreasing rapidly every year．
D．N ne knws hw the mnarch butterflies make their way t their destinatins．
（4）What des the last paragraph imply abut the research？
A．It is quite encuraging． B．It is fairly cmplex．
C．It is very unacceptable． D．It is rather useless．
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】本文是一篇說明文．講述了帝王蝶的遷徙及人類活動是導致帝王蝶數(shù)量下降的主要原因，并說明人與自然和諧共處的意義．
【解答】（1）C． 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段第三句" They migrate t find fd， seek a partner， r in search f warmer weather．他們遷徙尋找食物，尋找伴侶，或尋找溫暖的天氣．" 可知，動物遷徙的目的中本文并沒有提及"t breed yung babies"．故選C．
（2）B． 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第四段第三句" Sadly， human activity is the main reasn why the number f mnarch butterflies is falling．可悲的是，人類活動是帝王蝶數(shù)量下降的主要原因．" 可知，人類活動是導致帝王蝶減少的主要原因．故選B．
（3）B． 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段第二句" They have fund ut that the mnarch is able t tell the time f day．他們發(fā)現(xiàn)帝王蝶能夠分辨一天的時間．"可知帝王蝶是有辨別時間的能力的．故選B．
（4）A． 推理判斷題．根據(jù)最后一段中"The research n the mnarch's behavir has hwever led t a greater awareness f this creature． Peple have been wrking tgether t recrd its migratin and make sure that there are enugh plants fr it t feed n． If this wrks， there may cme a time when the number f mnarch butterflies increases nce again． The mre we knw abut this lvely creature， the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural wrld fr a lng time t cme．然而，對帝王行為的研究使人們對這種生物有了更高的認識．人們一直在共同努力記錄它的遷徙，并確保有足夠的植物供它食用．如果這一做法奏效，可能會有一段時間帝王蝶的數(shù)量再次增加．我們對這可愛的動物了解得越多，它生存的機會越大，在未來很長一段時間內保持它在自然界的地位．" 可知，這個研究使得人們有了更高的意識并團結起來，從而使得 人們有望再次見到帝王蝶數(shù)量的增長．故選A．
Passage 9．（2020?江蘇三模）
Birds use vcalizatins t attract mates，defend territries，and recgnize fellw members f their species．But while we knw a lt abut hw variatins in vcalizatins play ut between ppulatins f sngbirds，it's far less clear hw this variatin affects birds such as penguins in which calls are inherited（遺傳）．A new study frm The Auk：Ornithlgical Advances examines differences in the calls f Little Penguins frm fur clnies in Australia﹣night﹣time birds fr whm vcalizatins are mre imprtant than visual signals﹣and finds that differences in habitat，rather than gegraphic islatin（隔離）r ther factrs，seem t be the key driver f variatin in the sunds these birds use t cmmunicate．
Diane Clmbelli﹣Negrel and Rachel Smale f Australia's Flinders University recrded calls frm fur Little Penguin ppulatins acrss a small area f Suth Australia， ne f which had previusly been shwn t have slight genetic differences frm the ther three，and used playback experiments t test penguins' ability t distinguish between calls frm different clnies．They fund that agnistic calls，which are used in pair displays and aggressive situatins，varied amng the fur ppulatins，and that the calls' characteristics appeared t depend n small﹣scale differences in the habitat where the penguins lived． Hwever，birds did nt discriminate between calls riginating frm different clnies， which suggests that agnistic calls dn't seem t play a rle in islating the tw different genetic grups．
Penguins living in pen habitats prduced lwer﹣frequency calls than thse living in habitats with thicker vegetatin﹣the ppsite f the trend typically bserved in sngbirds． The authrs think that agnistic calls may be subject t different selective pressures because they're used in clse encunters with ther birds rather than t cmmunicate acrss distances，and culd als be influenced by variatin in the nise level f wind and surf．
"I was excited t find that in seabirds，as mst f ur knwledge in this area cmes frm studies n sngbirds，" says Clmbelli﹣Negrel．"This new research suggests that many factrs influence call variatin in birds，which als depends n the functin f the calls．This study highlights that many questins remain and that studies need t investigate mre than ne factr in cnjunctin with the functin f the calls t fully understand call variatin in seabirds．"
"This wrk tells n interesting stry f vcal diversificatin in Little Penguins，and gives insight int hw individual and micr﹣scale variatin effects behavir，" accrding t Stny Brk University's Heather Lynch，an expert n penguin calls wh was nt invlved in the study．"Nn﹣vcal﹣learning birds are relatively understudied in terms f vcalizatins， and it is great t see penguin vcalizatins being studied in such a way．"
（1）What des the new study find？
A．Penguins are brn with their calls． B．Penguins cmmunicate by varius calls．
C．Penguins' calls are influenced by their habitat． D．Penguins' calls can help islate genetic grups．
（2）What are the findings based n？
A．The test f penguins' respnses t recrded calls．
B．The data cllected frm penguins acrss Australia．
C．Cntrlled experiments n penguins and sngbirds．
D．Similarities between the calls f penguins and sngbirds．
（3）Frm the passage we can learn that ．
A．pen﹣space sngbirds tend t lwer their calls
B．envirnmental nises may affect penguins' calls
C．birds use agnistic calls in distant cmmunicatin
D．sngbirds' agnistic calls vary little between species
（4）We can infer frm Clmbelli﹣Negrel's wrds that researchers ．
A．will keep track f penguins t preserve them
B．have investigated a lt in penguins' calls befre
C．will have a brader lk at differences in penguins' calls
D．have determined the functin f varius calls in penguins
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】本文屬于人文地理類說明文，著重講述了研究人員針對企鵝的叫聲差異而進行了研究，但仍有許多未知需要解決．
【解答】（1）C． 細節(jié)理解題． 根據(jù)第一段最后一句…and finds that differences in habitat，rather than gegraphic islatin（隔離）r ther factrs，seem t be the key driver f variatin in the sunds these birds use t cmmunicate． …并發(fā)現(xiàn)，棲息地的差異，而不是地理隔離（隔離）或其他因素，似乎是這些鳥類用來交流的聲音變化的關鍵驅動因素．可知，企鵝叫聲的差異受到其棲息地的影響． 故選C．
（2）A． 細節(jié)理解題． 根據(jù)第一段第一句 Diane Clmbelli﹣Negrel and Rachel Smale f Australia's Flinders University recrded calls frm fur Little Penguin ppulatins …and used playback experiments t test penguins' ability t distinguish between calls frm different clnies．澳大利亞弗林德斯大學的DianeClmbelli﹣Negrel和RachelSmale記錄了來自四個小企鵝種群的呼叫…并使用回放實驗來測試企鵝區(qū)分來自不同聚集地企鵝叫聲的能力． 可知，該研究是建立在企鵝對回放企鵝叫聲的不同反應的測驗基礎上的． 故選 A．
（3）B． 細節(jié)理解題． 根據(jù)第三段最后一句…and culd als be influenced by variatin in the nise level f wind and surf．而且還可能受到風和海浪噪音大小變化的影響． 可知，周圍環(huán)境的噪音也對企鵝叫聲的變化產生影響． 故選B．
（4）C． 推理判斷題． 根據(jù)第四段最后一句This study highlights that many questins remain and that studies need t investigate mre than ne factr in cnjunctin with the functin f the calls t fully understand call variatin in seabirds．這項研究強調，許多疑問仍然存在，需要結合呼叫的功能來研究多個因素，以充分了解海鳥的呼叫變化． 可知， 研究人員將會以更廣闊的視角，來研究企鵝的叫聲． 故選C．
Passage 10．（2020?河南二模）
Sea tters （海獺） are pretty small cmpared t ther marine mammals （哺乳動物）， which means that， despite their fur cats， they tend t lse heat quickly， and need lts f energy t keep up their bdy temperature
"S they need t eat 25 percent f their bdy weight each day，" says Sarah McKay Strbel， a sensry eclgist at UC Santa Cruz． "But in rder t eat that much fd， that means sea tters need t find all that fd．" She studied the tter senses， t slve the mystery f hw they're such efficient fd catchers． Visin isn't reliable， she says﹣it's pretty dark and muddy underwater， and crabs and ther smaller animals tend t hide． Hearing is als tugh fr tters， in the nisy underwater envirnment． And sniffing's n gd either． "When they're underwater they're hlding their breath．"
What's left is tuch． S Strbel measured the sensitivity f the tters' paws and whiskers （須）． She blindflded an tter named Selka， then presented it with plastic plates carved with tiny grves（溝槽）． Selka's jb was t select the plate with tw﹣millimeter grves， which she'd been trained t assciate with tasty fd， instead f plates with differently sized grves．
Turns ut， Selka culd tell just a quarter millimeter difference in the grves width with her Paws﹣﹣abve and belw water﹣﹣﹣and half a millimeter difference with her whiskers． "The fact that she was able t perfrm s well while mving extremely quickly I think is really interesting and suggests that sea tters have very quick decisin﹣making abilities， and very quick sensry prcessing abilities， which makes sense when yu think abut the type f lifestyle they lead and hw quickly they need t find fd．"
Fr the recrd， humans can feel the difference t， but it takes us 30 times lnger， which might make sense． After all， we live in envirnments where tuch is less imprtant in a hunt than sight and sund．
（1）Why sea tters eat much fd？
A． T swim taster． B． T stay warm．C． T keep their fur thick．D． t satisfy their gd appetite．
（2）What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut？
A． An intrductin t Selka． B． The use f plastic plates．
C． An experiment n Selka． D． The functin f tters' tuch．
（3）What did Strbel find abut sea tters' senses？
A． Hearing is useless． B． Tuch is the mst effective．
C． They have n visin． D． Their smell wrks very well．
（4）What can we learn frm the text？
A． Sea tters have enugh fd t eat． B． Humans are mre sensitive than sea tters．
C． Sea tters respnd very quickly in hunting． D． Sea tters，whiskers wrk better than paws．
【考點】人文地理類閱讀；說明文閱讀．
【分析】本文用一個實驗說明了海獺捕獵時觸覺非常靈敏，找食物反應很快．
【解答】（1）B．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段despite their fur cats， they tend t lse heat quickly， and need lts f energy t keep up their bdy temperature．盡管海獺身上有皮毛，但它們很快就會失去熱量，需要大量的能量來維持體溫，再根據(jù)第二段 "S they need t eat 25 percent f their bdy weight each day，" 所以它們每天需要吃掉體重的25%的事物，可知海獺吃很多食物是為了保持溫暖．故選B．
（2）C．段落大意題．根據(jù)第三段S Strbel measured the sensitivity f the tters' paws and whiskers （須）． 所以斯特羅貝爾測量了水獺爪子和胡須的靈敏度．可知所以第三段講述了塞爾卡的實驗．故選C．
（3）B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第四段suggests that sea tters have very quick decisin﹣making abilities， and very quick sensry prcessing abilities， 這表明海獺的決策速度非常快能力，以及非常快速的感官處理能力，可知斯特羅貝爾對海獺的實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)觸摸是最有效的，故選B．
（4）C．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第四段suggests that sea tters have very quick decisin﹣making abilities， and very quick sensry prcessing abilities， which makes sense when yu think abut the type f lifestyle they lead and hw quickly they need t find fd．"這表明海獺的決策速度非常快能力，以及非?？焖俚母泄偬幚砟芰?，當你考慮到他們的生活方式，以及他們需要多快找到食物時，這些都是有意義的．"可知海獺捕獵時反應很快．故選C．

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