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2014年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試
英語試題(江蘇卷)
第一部分:聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分20分)
做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)
聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15.
B.￡9.18.
C.￡9.15.
答案是 C。
1.What does the woman want to do?
A.Find a place.
B.Buy a map.
C.Get an address.
2.What will the man do for the woman?
A.Repair her car.
B.Give her a ride.
C.Pick up her aunt.
3.Who might Mr. Peterson be?
A.A new professor.
B.A department head.
C.A company director.
4.What does the man think of the book?
A.Quite difficult.
B.Very interesting.
C.Too simple.
5.What are the speakers talking about?
A.Weather.
B.Clothes.
C.News.
第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。
6.Why is Harry unwilling to join the woman?
A.He has a pain in his knee.
B.He wants to watch TV.
C.He is too lazy.
7.What will the woman probably do next?
A.Stay at hone.
B.Take Harry to hospital.
C.Do some exercise.
聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。
8.When will the man be home from work?
A.At 5:45.
B.At 6:15.
C.At 6:50.
9.Where will the speakers go?
A.The Green House Cinema.
B.The New State Cinema.
C.The UME Cincema.
聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。
10.How will the speakers go to New York?
A.By air.
B.By taxi.
C.By bus.
11.Why are the speakers making the trip?
A.For business.
B.For shopping.
C.For holiday.
12.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Driver and passenger.
B.Husband and wife.
C.Fellow workers.
聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。
13.Where does this conversation probably take place?
A.In a restaurant.
B.In an office.
C.In a classroom.
14.What does John do now?
A.He’s a trainer.
B.He’s a tour guide.
C.He’s a college student.
15.How much can a new person earn for the first year?
A.$10,500.
B.$12,000.
C.$15,000.
16.How many people will the woman hire?
A.Four.
B.Three.
C.Two.
聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。
17.How long has the speaker lived in a big city?
A.One year.
B.Ten years.
C.Eighteen years.
18.What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?
A.It’s comfortable.
B.It’s time-saving.
C.It’s cheap.
19.What is good about living in a small town?
A.It’s safer.
B.It’s healthier.
C.It’s more convenient.
20.What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most?
A.Busy.
B.Colourful.
C.Quiet.
第二部分:英語知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)
第一節(jié):單項填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
請閱讀下面各題,從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child 　　　 he or she wants.?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.however B.whatever
C.whichever D.whenever
答案是B。
21.Lessons can be learned to face the future,　　　 history cannot be changed.?
A.though B.as C.since D.unless
22.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work 　　　 a good impression is a must.?
A.which B.when C.as D.where
23.—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well,the media 　　　 it in a variety of forms.?
A.cover B.will cover
C.have covered D.covered
24.Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay 　　　.?
A.in place B.in order
C.in shape D.in fashion
25.Top graduates from universities are 　　　 by major companies.?
A.chased B.registered
C.offered D.compensated
26.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!
—I’m not to blame,mum.I am 　　　 you have made me.?
A.how B.what C.that D.who
27.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful 　　　 in last year’s election.?
A.symbol B.portrait
C.identity D.statue
28.The idea “happiness,”　　　,will not sit still for easy definition.?
A.to be rigid B.to be sure
C.to be perfect D.to be fair
29.The lecture 　　　,a lively question-and-answer session followed.?
A.being given B.having given
C.to be given D.having been given
30.—Dad,I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see.I’ll go right away and 　　　.?
A.pay him back B.pay him off
C.put him away D.put him off
31.It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,　　　 bring me food.?
A.might B.would
C.should D.could
32.I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be 　　　 occupied.?
A.also B.just
C.nevertheless D.otherwise
33.Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to 　　　 the soul of Qu Yuan.?
A.remember B.remind
C.recover D.recall
34.Good families are much to all their members,but 　　　 to none.?
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
35.—　　　!Somebody has left the lab door open.?
—Don’t look at me.
A.Dear me B.Hi,there
C.Thank goodness D.Come on
第二節(jié)　完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
請閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first 　36　 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg.To get an 　37　,he was struggling against many difficulties.His family was poor.His Dad couldn’t afford the 　38　 at college,so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes.Study had to be done 　39　 his farm-work routines.He withdrew from many school activities 　40　 he didn’t have the time or the 　41　.He had only one good suit.He tried 　42　 the football team,but the coach turned him down for being too 　43　.During this period Dale was slowly 　44　 an inferiority complex(自卑感),which his mother knew could 　45　 him from achieving his real potential.She 　46　 that Dale join the debating team,believing that 　47　 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.?
Dale took his mother’s advice,tried desperately and after several attempts 　48　 made it.This proved to be a 　49　 point in his life.Speaking before groups did help him gain the 　50　 he needed.By the time Dale was a senior,he had won every top honor in 　51　.Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they,　52　,were winning contests.?
Out of this early struggle to 　53　 his feelings of inferiority,Dale came to understand that the ability to 　54　 an idea to an audience builds a person’s confidence.And,　55　 it,Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.?
36.A.admitted　　　　　　B.filled
C.supplied D.recognized
37.A.assignment B.education
C.advantage D.instruction
38.A.training B.board
C.teaching D.equipment
39.A.between B.during
C.over D.through
40.A.while B.when
C.because D.though
41.A.permits B.interest
C.talent D.clothes
42.A.on B.for
C.in D.with
43.A.light B.flexible
C.optimistic D.outgoing
44.A.gaining B.achieving
C.developing D.obtaining
45.A.prevent B.protect
C.save D.free
46.A.suggested B.demanded
C.required D.insisted
47.A.presence B.practice
C.patience D.potential
48.A.hopefully B.certainly
C.finally D.naturally
49.A.key B.breaking
C.basic D.turning
50.A.progress B.experience
C.competence D.confidence
51.A.horse-riding B.football
C.speech D.farming
52.A.in return B.in brief
C.in turn D.in fact
53.A.convey B.overcome
C.understand D.build
54.A.express B.stress
C.contribute D.repeat
55.A.besides B.beyond
C.like D.with
第三部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
請閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Never before had a Kitchen so much of a History

It tells of Freedom,Success and of the Architecture of big American cities.Because that is where it started:in the second half of the 19th century!
Welcome to a new Era of Kitchen Interior Design
Back then,a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth.This dream was realized by young architects such as Daniel Burnham and Stanford White.They all had studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris.And they created a new style for Architecture and interior Design,named after the famous French Art Institute:Beaux-Arts.
SieMatic BeauxArts Breaks and Creates
In fact it was not a new style at all,but a composition of styles from different periods and cultures.Many world-famous structures such as the Chicago Art Institute and the Statue of Liberty account for it.But what does that have to do with your kitchen?Just as much as you want it to.Because in the same way that the anti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to combine elements from different historical eras,today,you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new:your own personal composition of your kitchen.For that,SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities:A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own.You can choose from menu of various forms,appealing colors,and precious materials,to create an environment that is much more than just a kitchen:a reflection of your personality.
56.Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?
A.It helped display their money status.
B.It was created by famous architects.
C.It was named after a famous institute
D.It represented the 19th century urban culture.
57.What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?
A.Its designs are anti-conventional.
B.Its designs come from famous structures.
C.Its customers can enjoy their own composition.
D.Its customers can choose from various new styles.

B
However wealthy we may be,we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost,which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another,or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a different opportunity cost-namely,what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.Why not,you might reason,watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?This-the alternative use of your cash and time-is the opportunity cost.
For economists,every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo-in terms of money and enjoyment-in order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on,you ought to be able to make better-informed,more reasonable decisions.Consider that most famous economic rule of all:there’s no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free,the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging:imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable.Yet,in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world,a popular phrase is“value for money.”People want their cash to go as far as possible.However,another is fast obtaining an advantage:“value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something,so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time.By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities,such as sleeping and eating.In return,however,this passage will help you to think like an economist,closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.
58.According to the passage,the concept of“opportunity cost” is applied to 　　　.?
A.making more money
B.taking more opportunities
C.reducing missed opportunities
D.weighing the choice of opportunities
59.The“l(fā)eftover...time”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time 　　　.?
A.spared for watching the match at home
B.taken to have dinner with friends
C.spent on the way to and from the match
D.saved from not going to watch the match
60.What are forgone opportunities?
A.Opportunities you forget in decision-making.
B.Opportunities you give up for better ones.
C.Opportunities you miss accidentally.
D.Opportunities you make up for.

C
Most damagingly,anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way,what angers one person may amuse another.The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.In contemporary culture,physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.We no longer regard duels(決斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain,where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions EEG(腦電圖) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(額葉前部) areas.Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition(意向) that most of us possess most of the time.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and,as a result of this,we’re likely to react.And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour:we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions,in contrast,are associated with avoidance behaviour:we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are,the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger.The corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不對稱) of EEG activity.Interestingly,this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response.In defensive anger,in contrast,the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
61.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger 　　　.?
A.usually has a biological basis
B.varies among people
C.is socially and culturally shaped
D.influences one’s thinking and evaluation
62.What changes can be found in an angry brain?
A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.
C.Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.
D.Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.
63.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?
A.Approaching the source of anger.
B.Trying to control what is disliked.
C.Moving away from what is disliked.
D.Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
64.What is the key message of the last paragraph?
A.How anger differs from other emotions.
B.How anger relates to other emotions.
C.Behavioural responses to anger.
D.Behavioural patterns of anger.

D
August 1990,Boston
Dear Maya Shao-ming,
To me,June 6,1990 is a special day.My long-awaited dream came true the minute your father cried,“A girl!” You are more than just a second child,more than just a girl to match our boy.You,little daughter,are the link to our female line,the legacy of another woman’s pain and sacrifice 31 years ago.
Let me tell you about your Chinese grandmother.Somewhere in Hong Kong,in the late fifties,a young waitress found herself pregnant(懷孕) by a cook,probably a co-worker at her restaurant.She carried the baby to term,suffered to give it birth,and kept the little girl for the first three months of her life.I like to think that my mother—your grandmother—loved me and fought to raise me on her own,but that the daily struggle was too hard.Worn down by the demands of the new baby and perhaps the constant threat of starvation,she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.
More likely,I was dropped at the orphanage(孤兒院)steps or somewhere else.I will probably never know the truth.Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China,so she probably kept my existence a secret.Once I was out of her life,it was as if I had never been born.And so you and your brother and I are the missing leaves on a family tree.
Do they ever wonder if we exist?
Before I was two,I was adopted by an Anglo couple.Fed three square meals a day,I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer-books,music,education,church life and community activities.In a family of blue-eyed blonds,though,I stood out like a sore thumb.Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different,my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin,or made fun of my clumsy walk.Moody and impatient,burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need,I was not an easy child to love.My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years,but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents,and as women of strength in our own right.Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me,I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own.The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.
But part of me will always be missing:my beginnings,my personal history,all the delicate details that give a person her origin.Nevertheless,someone gave me a lucky name“Siu Wai”.“Siu”means“l(fā)ittle”,and “Wai”means“clever”,Therefore,my baby name was “Clever little one”.Who chose those words?Who cared enough to note my arrival in the world?
I lost my Chinese name for 18 years.It was Americanized for convenience to “Sue”.But like an ill-fitting coat,it made me uncomfortable.I hated the name.But even more,I hated being Chinese.It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to take back my birth-name.That,plus a little knowledge of classroom Cantonese,is all the Chinese culture I have to offer you.Not white,certainly,but not really Asian,I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you.Your name,“Shao-ming”is very much like mine—“Shao”means“l(fā)ittle”.And “ming” is “bright”,as in a shining sun or moon.Whose lives will you brighten,little Maya?Your past is more complete than mine,and each day I cradle you in your babyhood,generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years.When I pat you,I comfort the lost baby inside me who still cries for her mother.
Sweet Maya,it doesn’t matter what you “become” later on.You have already fulfilled my wildest dreams.
I love you.
Mommy
65.Why is June 6,1990 a special day for Mommy?
A.Her dream of being a mother came true.
B.She found her origin from her Chinese mother.
C.She wrote the letter to her danghter.
D.Her female line was well linked.
66.How does Mommy feel about her being given away?
A.It is bitter and disappointing.
B.It is painful but understandable.
C.She feels sorry but sympathetic.
D.She feels hurt and angry.
67.What does “I stood out like a sore thumb”in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.I walked clumsily out of pains.
B.I was not easy to love due to jealousy.
C.I was impatient out of fear.
D.I looked different from others.
68.What can be inferred from Mommy’s Anglo family life?
A.She used to experience an identity crisis.
B.She fought against her American identity.
C.She forgot the pains of her early years.
D.She kept her love for Asia from childhood.
69.Why did Mommy name her daughter “Shao-ming”?
A.To match her own birth-name.
B.To brighten the lives of the family.
C.To identify her with Chinese origin.
D.To justify her pride in Chinese culture.
70.By “Your past is more complete than mine,”Mommy means 　　　.?
A.her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming’s
B.Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of roots
C.her mother didn’t comfort her the way she did Shao-ming
D.her past was spent brokenly,first in Asia,then in the US
笫四部分:任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題;每小題 1分,滿分10分)
請閱讀下面短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意:請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。
The expression,“everybody’s doing it,”is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.It is a strong influence of a group,especially of children,on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.It can be positive or negative.Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature,and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others.This instinct(天性) is why the approval of peers,or the fear of disapproval,is such a powerful force in many people’s lives.It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work,or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks“how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true.There is a practical aspect to this:it helps society to function efficiently,and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals,seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction;in order to satisfy the desire,they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior.Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”
However,peer pressure is not always negative.A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs,or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure.They teach kids to stand up and be themselves,and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.Similarly,it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.

第五部分:書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
81.請閱讀下面短文,并按照要求用英語寫一篇150詞左右的文章。
When we read newspapers,we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”.When we watch TV,we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5”. When we speak,we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye”.English words and expressions like these are getting popular.They have already become part of our daily language.And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.
The inclusion has started a heated discussion.A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words,which,they think,goes against Chinese language policies.They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language.However,others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.
【寫作內(nèi)容】
1.用約30個單詞寫出上文概要;
2.用約120個單詞發(fā)表你的觀點,內(nèi)容包括:
(1)支持或反對漢語詞典收錄英語詞匯;
(2)用2~3個理由或論據(jù)支撐你的觀點。
【寫作要求】
1.可以支持文中任一觀點,但必須提供理由或論據(jù);
2.闡述觀點或提供論據(jù)時,不能直接引用原文語句;
3.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱;
4.不必寫標(biāo)題。
【評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】
內(nèi)容完整,語言規(guī)范,語篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。
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1.A　2.B　3.C　4.B　5.A　6.B　7.C　8.A　9.C
10.A　11.A　12.C　13.B　14.C　15.A　16.C　17.B　18.C　19.A　20.B
21.A　考查狀語從句。句意:盡管不能改變歷史,但是我們可以從中吸取教訓(xùn)來面對未來。前后兩句為讓步關(guān)系,故選A項。
22.D　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句;從句中主語、表語成分齊全,缺少狀語,排除A、C項;先行詞為work,不表示時間,排除C項。因此選D項。句意:這本書對我的日常交際幫助很大,尤其在那些必須具備好印象的工作中。
23.C　考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:——你對即將在南京舉辦的青奧會了解多少?——喔,媒體早已通過多種方式報道了。此處表示對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,故要用現(xiàn)在完成時。
24.C　考查介詞短語。句意:湯姆早上總是去慢跑,通常也做俯臥撐以保持體形。in place“適當(dāng)”;in order“井然有序”;in shape“保持體形”,in fashion“流行”。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。
25.A　考查動詞辨析。句意:優(yōu)秀大學(xué)畢業(yè)生受到大公司的爭搶。chase“追逐,爭奪”;register“登記,注冊”;offer“提供”;compensate“彌補(bǔ)”。根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。
26.B　考查名詞性從句。句意:——太亂了!你總是這么懶惰!——不怪我,媽媽。是你造就了我現(xiàn)在的樣子。此處為表語從句,根據(jù)句意可知要用what;what引導(dǎo)表語從句,并在從句中做賓語補(bǔ)足語。
27.A　考查名詞辨析。句意:她雖兩年前被軟禁在家中,但在去年的大選中仍然是一個強(qiáng)勢的代表人物。symbol“代表,象征”;portrait“肖像”;identity“本身,身份”;statue“雕像,塑像”。根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。
28.B　考查非謂語動詞。句意:給幸福下定義,絕非易事。此處不定式短語做插入語。to be rigid“嚴(yán)格來說”;to be sure“無疑”;to be perfect“完美地”;to be fair“公平地說”。根據(jù)句意可知B項正確。
29.D　考查非謂語動詞。句意:講座結(jié)束后,緊接著進(jìn)行了生動的問答。此處為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),lecture與give之間為被動關(guān)系,且表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,故要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式,故只有D項正確。
30.B　考查動詞短語辨析。句意:——爸爸,我認(rèn)為奧利弗不是這項工作的合適人選?！颐靼?。我這就去把他打發(fā)走。pay sb back“還某人錢;報復(fù)某人”;pay sb off“付清工資后解雇某人”;put sb away“把某人投入監(jiān)獄”;put sb off“讓某人下車,使某人失去興趣”。根據(jù)句意可知B項正確。
31.C　考查情態(tài)動詞。句意:我很難過,他們這么貧窮,竟然給我吃的。should表示驚訝,意為“竟然”。
32.D　考查副詞辨析。句意:星期天我不能去見你了。我要忙別的事。also“也”;just“僅僅”;nevertheless“然而”;otherwise“另外;否則”。根據(jù)句意可知D項正確。
33.D　考查動詞辨析。句意:相傳端午節(jié)起初是為了紀(jì)念屈原。remember“記得”;remind“提醒”;recover“恢復(fù),重新獲得”;recall“使想起,記起,召回”。根據(jù)句意D項正確。
34.C　考查不定代詞。句意:好的家庭對其所有成員意義重大,但對他們來說并非意味著全部。something“某事”;anything“任何事”;everything“一切”;nothing“什么都沒有”。but后省略了與前句相同的成分,補(bǔ)全后為:good families are everything to none。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。
35.A　考查交際用語。句意:——天哪!有人把門開著?！獎e看我。Dear me!“天啊!”表示驚訝;Hi,there.“嗨,在那里?！?Thank goodness!“謝天謝地!”;Come on!“加油!”根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。
完形填空
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為記敘文,主要介紹美國著名的人際關(guān)系學(xué)大師戴爾·卡耐基是如何通過演講克服自卑走向成功的故事。
36.D　此處表示這是在1906年他第一次認(rèn)識到的一種需要。故用recognize“認(rèn)出;認(rèn)識到;了解”。
37.B　根據(jù)下文提到的他的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷可知,此處表示他想接受教育。故用education。
38.B　他家庭很窮,他父親付不起食宿費,因此他要騎馬往返學(xué)校。training“訓(xùn)練”;board“食宿”;teaching“教學(xué)”;equipment“設(shè)備”,根據(jù)句意可知B項正確。
39.A　他不但要在農(nóng)場工作,也要去上學(xué)。between“在……之間”符合語境。
40.C　他放棄許多學(xué)校活動,因為他沒有時間或合適的服裝。此處表示原因,故用because。
41.D　根據(jù)下文的“He had only one good suit.”可知,此處表示沒有參加這些活動的服裝。
42.B　此處表示他為了進(jìn)足球隊努力過,但被教練拒絕。for表示目的。
43.A　只有l(wèi)ight“輕”才能符合教練拒絕的理由。此處表示他身材矮小,體重輕。flexible“靈活的”;optimistic“樂觀的”;outgoing“外向的”。
44.C　在這段時間里他慢慢地產(chǎn)生了自卑感。gain“獲得”;achieve“完成,實現(xiàn)”;develop“發(fā)展,培養(yǎng),形成”;obtain“獲得”。此處表示慢慢培養(yǎng)的一種過程,故用develop。
45.A　他母親知道這會阻止他發(fā)揮他的潛能。prevent...from doing“阻止……做某事”。
46.A　根據(jù)下文第三段開頭“Dale took his mother’s advice.”可知,此處表示他母親對他的提議。故只有suggest合適。
47.B　母親認(rèn)為讓他參加辯論小組,通過演講可以讓他獲得信心。presence“在場”;practice“練習(xí)”;patience“耐心”;potential“潛能”。故B項正確。
48.C　他聽從母親的建議,發(fā)奮努力,經(jīng)過幾次嘗試最終獲得成功。finally“最后;終于”符合句意。
49.D　這次成功對他來說是一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。a turning point“一個轉(zhuǎn)折點”符合語境,表示他由自卑轉(zhuǎn)為自信。
50.D　根據(jù)上下文可知他通過演講最終獲得他所需要的信心。progress“進(jìn)步”;experience“經(jīng)驗,經(jīng)歷”;competence“能力”;confidence“信心”。D項符合語境。
51.C　根據(jù)上文提到的speaking可知,他在演講方面獲得每一個最高榮譽(yù)。故用speech。
52.C　他開始指導(dǎo)學(xué)生演講,而他們也反過來贏得了多場比賽。in return“作為回報”;in brief“簡言之”;in turn“反過來;依次”;in fact“事實上”。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。
53.B　根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示他努力克服自卑。convey“傳達(dá)”;overcome“克服”;undertake“承擔(dān),從事”;build“建立”。根據(jù)句意可知B項正確。
54.A　此處表示通過演講來表達(dá)自己的想法,故要用express“表達(dá)”。
55.D　通過這段經(jīng)歷,他開始明白對觀眾表達(dá)思想的這種能力能讓人樹立自信。他也明白,只要有了自信,他就能做成任何自己想做的事情;別人也是如此。with表示“具有,帶有”;空格后的it指代前面提到的confidence。
閱讀理解
A
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了西曼帝克室內(nèi)設(shè)計中的廚房設(shè)計藝術(shù)。
56.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中的“Amercan Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth.”(美國企業(yè)家夢想有一種新的建筑形式來表現(xiàn)他們的私人財富)可知,只有A項符合。
57.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities:A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own.”可知,SieMatic BeauxArts提供機(jī)會讓顧客自己將大量的貌似相互矛盾的設(shè)計與自己的設(shè)計相融合,以達(dá)到和諧。因此C項答案正確。
B
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為議論文。主要闡述了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)當(dāng)中的機(jī)會成本,告誡我們做決定時要考慮到你所舍棄的那個機(jī)會所帶來的成本。
58.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“...which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.”可知,所謂的機(jī)會成本指的是一個人所花的時間與金錢是否更應(yīng)花在別的地方。因此D項正確。
59.C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第三段可知,如果看足球比賽門票很貴,路途遙遠(yuǎn),你可能就會思考,為何不在家觀看,然后用這些錢和時間請朋友吃飯呢?由此可以得知,leftover...time指的是上文提到的去體育場來回花在路上的時間。
60.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中提及的內(nèi)容,了解到你會得到或是失去什么,你就應(yīng)該能更明智更理性地做決定。天下沒有免費的午餐。即使有人免費請你吃飯,你花在飯店吃飯的時間相對于你放棄做的機(jī)會也會讓你有所花費。因此forgone opportunities指的是已經(jīng)放棄沒有去做的選擇與機(jī)會。故B項正確。
C
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為說明文。主要介紹了人們最常見的一種不良情緒——憤怒。
61.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段所述內(nèi)容,在現(xiàn)代文化中,用肢體來表達(dá)憤怒被認(rèn)為對社會危害大,因而難以令人忍受。我們已經(jīng)不再把決斗視為憤怒的一種合適的表現(xiàn)形式。原因是人們已經(jīng)意識到這是對他人的一種侮辱。因此C項正確。
62.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced...”可知,當(dāng)我們生氣時,通過腦電圖可以看到大腦額葉前部區(qū)域不平衡。因此B項正確。
63.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“...refer to as offensive anger:the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.”判斷,A項正確。
64.D　主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句和第三句可知,大多數(shù)消極情緒和“回避行為模式”有關(guān),而憤怒卻是個例外,它體現(xiàn)的卻是“趨向行為模式”。后文又講到兩種憤怒形式:offensive anger和defensive anger,以及它們分別對應(yīng)的兩種不同的行為模式。由此可以看出,本段主要講的是憤怒的各種行為模式。因此D項正確。
D
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。是一位母親寫給女兒的家書,向女兒講述了自己的經(jīng)歷。
65.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“...more than...You, little daughter, are the link to our female line,...”由此可知,D項正確。
66.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“...the constant threat of starvation, she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.”可知,當(dāng)年母親將她送人,也是迫于生計,無奈之舉。她雖然痛苦,但也是理解她的母親的。因此B項正確。
67.D　句意猜測題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different, my older brothers...”以及畫線句前面提到的a family of blue-eyed blonds可以得知,當(dāng)時她看起來特別引人注目,與眾不同。
68.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own.”可知,當(dāng)年在家里母親也常去尋找自己的身份。
69.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“‘Shao-ming’ is very much like mine—“Shao”means“l(fā)ittle”.And‘ming’is‘bright’...”可知,給女兒取這個名字也是來說明女兒也是華裔身世。
70.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Your past is more complete than mine,and each day I cradle you in your babyhood,generously giving you the loving care I lacked...”可以得知,母親出生頭兩年沒有享受到母愛,而現(xiàn)在自己的女兒享受到了,女兒的童年要更完整,得到的更多,因此B項正確。
71.feeling　72.influences　73.practical　74.unconsciously　75.individuals　76.moral　77.spirit　78.habits
79.independent　80.no
81.支持:
Today,more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language.Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words.Some people support it while others do not.
Generally,I am in favour of the inclusion.As the number of English learners is on the rise,it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.Besides,it is,on some occasions,more convenient to use English words.Most people nowadays use “IT” instead of its translation “xinxi jishu”. In our global village,we can see that it’s not uncommon for one language to borrow words from other languages.In English,there are many words borrowed from Latin,French,or even Chinese.In fact,Chinese has never stopped taking words from other languages,say,“ganbu”or “minzhu” from Japanese.
So,it’s safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates daily communication.
反對:
With English words getting popular in both media and daily life,a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them,leaving the public divided into two opposing groups:“For” and “Against”.
I tend to take the “Against” side for two reasons.Firstly,this inclusion has actually polluted our mother tongue.Sooner or later,many English accents will rise and fall with the four Chinese tones.And,rules don’t tell us how to pronounce such English-turned Chinese words as “wifi”and “Out” in a Chinese way!Secondly,such an inclusion may give rise to prejudices of the educated against those with little knowledge of English.Just for one illustration,while college students take “Bye-bye” for granted when parting from each other,it may unconsciously hurt the feelings of someone who is used to “zaijian”.
In short,not only has the inclusion poisoned Chinese,it may also bring about distance between the Chinese people.


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