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絕密★啟用前試卷類型:A
2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試
英語(yǔ)(江蘇卷)
第一部分　聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分20分)
做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)　(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
答案是 C。
1.What will James do tomorrow?
A.Watch a TV program. B.Give a talk. C.Write a report.
2.What can we say about the woman?
A.She’s generous. B.She’s curious. C.She’s helpful.
3.When does the train leave?
A.At 6:30. B.At 8:30. C.At 10:30.
4.How does the woman go to work?
A.By car. B.On foot. C.By bike.
5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A.Classmates. B.Teacher and student. C.Doctor and patient.
第二節(jié)　(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。
6.What does the woman regret?
A.Giving up her research. B.Dropping out of college. C.Changing her major.
7.What is the woman interested in studying now?
A.Ecology. B.Education. C.Chemistry.
聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8、9題。
8.What is the man?
A.A hotel manager. B.A tour guide. C.A taxi driver.
9.What is the man doing for the woman?
A.Looking for some local foods. B.Showing her around the seaside.
C.Offering information about a hotel.
聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第10至12題。
10.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In an office. B.At home. C.At a restaurant.
11.What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?
A.Go to a concert. B.Visit a friend. C.Work extra hours.
12.Who is Alice going to call?
A.Mike. B.Joan. C.Catherine.
聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。
13.Why does the woman meet the man?
A.To look at an apartment. B.To deliver some furniture. C.To have a meal together.
14.What does the woman like about the carpet?
A.Its color. B.Its design. C.Its quality.
15.What does the man say about the kitchen?
A.It’s a good size. B.It’s newly painted. C.It’s adequately equipped.
16.What will the woman probably do next?
A.Go downtown. B.Talk with her friend. C.Make payment.
聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。
17.Who is the speaker probably talking to?
A.Movie fans. B.News reporters. C.College students.
18.When did the speaker take English classes?
A.Before he left his hometown. B.After he came to America.
C.When he was 15 years old.
19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?
A.He’s proud. B.He’s sympathetic. C.He’s grateful.
20.What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A.How education shaped his life. B.How his language skills improved.
C.How he managed his business well.
第二部分:英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)
第一節(jié):單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題,從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child 　　　he or she wants.?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
答案是B。
21.By boat is the only way to get here,which is 　　　we arrived.?
A.where B.when C.why D.how
22.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might 　　　the things they see.?
A.indicate B.investigate C.imitate D.innovate
23.Self-driving is an area 　　　China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.?
A.that B.where C.which D.when
24.It’s strange that he 　　　have taken the books without the owner’s permission.?
A.would B.should C.could D.might
25.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which 　　　a clear road map and timetable.?
A.calls for B.calls on C.calls off D.calls up
26.Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,　　　 the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.?
A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding
27.There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I 　　　a second chance to become more involved.?
A.had B.will have C.would have had D.have had
28.—You know what?I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.
—Oh,　　　 You’re kidding.?
A.so what? B.go ahead. C.come on. D.what for?
29.　　　 you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.?
A.Once B.Unless C.If D.When
30.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan 　　　in the past two years.?
A.had been carried out B.would be carried out
C.is being carried out D.has been carried out
31.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other,for we 　　　more convenient electronic communication tools by then.?
A.have developed B.had developed C.will have developed D.developed
32.Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the 　　　you’ve made.?
A.assignment B.association C.acquisition D.assumption
33.China’s soft power grows 　　　the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.?
A.in line with B.in reply to C.in return for D.in honour of
34.Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is 　　　to invest in sufficient training for his staff.?
A.keen B.reluctant C.anxious D.ready
35.—What happened?Your boss seems to 　　　.?
—Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?
A.be over the moon B.laugh his head off C.be all ears D.fly off the handle
第二節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been 　36　 to pay lawyers’ fees.To make matters worse,Moth was diagnosed(診斷) with a 　37　 disease.There was no 　38　,only pain relief.?
Failing to find any other way out,they decided to make a 　39　 journey,as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者) guide.?
This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 　40　 recovery.When leaving home,Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.They planned to keep the 　41　 low by living on boiled noodles,with the 　42　 hamburger shop treat.?
Wild camping is 　43　 in England.To avoid being caught,the Winns had to get their tent up 　44　 and packed it away early in the morning.The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 　45　 than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor 　46　 all over and desired a bath.Moth,meanwhile,after an initial 　47　,found his symptoms were strangely 　48　 by their daily tiring journey.?
　49　,the couple found that their bodies turned for the better,with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 　50　 forever.“Our hair was fried and falling out,nails broken,clothes 　51　 to a thread,but we were alive.”?
During the journey,Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes,“　52　 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare,an empty page at the end of a(n) 　53　 written book.It had also given me a 　54　,either to leave that page 　55　 or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.”?
36.A.drawn up B.used up C.backed up D.kept up
37.A.mild B.common C.preventable D.serious
38.A.cure B.luck C.care D.promise
39.A.business B.walking C.bus D.rail
40.A.expected B.frightening C.disappointing D.surprising
41.A.budget B.revenue C.compensation D.allowance
42.A.frequent B.occasional C.abundant D.constant
43.A.unpopular B.lawful C.attractive D.illegal
44.A.soon B.early C.late D.slowly
45.A.harder B.easier C.cheaper D.funnier
46.A.rolled B.bled C.ached D.trembled
47.A.struggle B.progress C.excitement D.research
48.A.developed B.controlled C.reduced D.increased
49.A.Initially B.Eventually C.Temporarily D.Consequently
50.A.gained B.kept C.wounded D.lost
51.A.sewn B.washed C.worn D.ironed
52.A.Doctors B.Hiking C.Lawyers D.Homelessness
53.A.well B.partly C.neatly D.originally
54.A.choice B.reward C.promise D.break
55.A.loose B.full C.blank D.missing
第三部分:閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt

1000 Fifth Avenue New York,NY 10028
211-535-7710 www.metmuseum.org
Entrances
Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street
Hours
Open 7 days a week.
Sunday—Thursday 10:00—17:30
Friday and Saturday 10:00—21:00
Closed Thanksgiving Day,December 25,
January 1,and the first Monday in May.

Admission
$25.00 recommended for adults,$12.00 recommended for students,includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊) on the same day;free for children under 12 with an adult.
FreewithAdmission
All special exhibitions,as well as films,lectures,guided tours,concerts,gallery talks,and family/children’s programs are free with admission.Ask about today’s activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.

TheCloistersMuseumandGardens
The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.The extensive

collection consists of masterworks in sculpture,colored glass,and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.
Hours:Open 7 days a week.
March—October 10:00—17:15
November—February 10:00—16:45
Closed Thanksgiving Day,December 25,and January 1.
56.How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A.$12. B.$37. C.$50. D.$62.
57.The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that 　　　.?
A.it opens all the year round B.its collections date from the Middle Ages
C.it has a modern European-style garden D.it sells excellent European glass collections

B
In the 1760s,Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup,Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out,which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today,scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat:diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one,customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters,too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness,they couldn’t tell how much they’d had:those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller,and they were just as ready for dessert.?
Time is money,but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places,fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round:put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical,rather than pop,music was playing,diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect:diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon,or no scent.
Meanwhile,things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables,crowding,high prices—don’t necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door,say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables,”given that they’re profitable.As for crowds,a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation,suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
58.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were 　　　.?
A.not aware of eating more than usual B.not willing to share food with others
C.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided
59.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A.Playing classical music. B.Introducing lemon scent.
C.Making the light brighter. D.Using plates of larger size.
60.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A.Tips to attract more customers.
B.Problems restaurants are faced with.
C.Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation.
D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.

C
If you want to disturb the car industry,you’d better have a few billion dollars:Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture,small farmers can get the best of the major players.By connecting directly with customers,and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)),small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition(NYFC,美國(guó)青年農(nóng)會(huì)) and a family farmer myself,I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.
For example,take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester,a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer,Jonathan Dysinger,in Tennessee,with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour —a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.Before the tool came out,small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms.But now,with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product,they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers,though,won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.One crucial factor is secure access to land.Competition from investors,developers,and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.From 2004 to 2013,agricultural land values doubled,and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship—the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own.With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于) farmers younger than 35 by six to one,and with two-thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer,we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy,but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation,as we push for immigration reform,and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress,consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
61.The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce 　　　.?
A.the progress made in car industry B.a special feature of agriculture
C.a trend of development in agriculture D.the importance of investing in car industry
62.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?
A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary.
B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.
C.Competition between small and big farms is fierce.
D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.
63.What is the difficulty for those new farmers?
A.To gain more financial aid. B.To hire good farm managers.
C.To have farms of their own. D.To win old farmers’ support.
64.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?
A.Seek support beyond NYFC. B.Expand farmland conservation.
C.Become members of NYFC. D.Invest more to improve technology.

D
Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.
It found many youngsters(少年) now measure their status by how much public approval they get online,often through “l(fā)ikes”.Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s Commissioner(專員) Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks,with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to demand “l(fā)ikes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly,and around the clock.
Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts.However,those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”,suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms,and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.
She said:“Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school.But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”
As their world expanded,she said,children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity,in terms of their confidence,but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.
Miss Longfield added:“Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline,will you miss something,will you miss out,will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following,all of those come together in a huge way at once.”
“For children it is very,very difficult to cope with emotionally.”The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—LifeinLikes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.
However,the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens,they became increasingly anxious online.
By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular,the report found.
However,they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes,or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人) or more brilliant friends online.The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷區(qū)) they faced online.And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”.They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early,or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
Javed Khan,of children’s charity Barnardo’s,said:“It’s vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”
65.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?
A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.
B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C.They were required to give quick responses.
D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.
66.Some social app companies were to blame because 　　　.?
A.they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration
B.they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters
C.they encouraged youngsters to post more photos
D.they didn’t stop youngsters from staying up late
67.Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to 　　　.?
A.less friendliness to each other B.lower self-identity and confidence
C.an increase in online cheating D.a stronger desire to stay online
68.According to LifeinLikes,as children grew,they became more anxious to 　　　.?
A.circulate their posts quickly B.know the qualities of their posts
C.use mobile phones for play D.get more public approval
69.What should parents do to solve the problem?
A.Communicate more with secondary schools.
B.Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C.Keep track of children’s use of social media.
D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.
70.What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The influence of social media on children.
B.The importance of social media to children.
C.The problem in building a healthy relationship.
D.The measure to reduce risks from social media.
第四部分:任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意:請(qǐng)將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。
HowArtsPromoteOurEconomy
When most people think of the arts,they imagine the end product,the beautiful painting,a wonderful piece of music,or an award-winning performance in the theater.But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists,technical experts,managers,musicians,or writers to create an appealing piece of art.These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief.Painters,digital media experts,photographers,booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(連鎖反應(yīng)) throughout a community.In 2005,when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town,the location was considered a poor area of town.After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building,we began producing a full season of theater performances,jazz concerts,and year-round arts education programs in 2008.Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.Today,there are galleries,studios,restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences,where there is renewed life and energy.In this way,arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc.made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period.Further,Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities.In Philadelphia,a metro area smaller than Dallas,the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs,80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry,including accountants,marketers,construction workers,hotel managers,printers,and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported,the entire small-business community benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit.But in order to stay in business,arts groups must produce returns.If you are a student studying the arts,chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B.But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.
Arts as an economic driver
Our communities (71)　▲　 from arts in terms of economy.?
(72)　▲　 of arts’?
promoting our economy
Arts activity demands a(n) (73)　▲　 effort.It involves creation,performance,and (74) 　▲　.?
◆Artists make a living through their creative work.
◆Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading (75)　▲　.They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.?
◆Besides tickets,some jazz lovers will pay their (76)　▲　 to and from the events.?
◆Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts could produce potential (77)　▲　 economic results.?
◆TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000.
◆In Dallas,one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary return of nearly $300.
◆In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers (78)　▲　 arts industry.?
Art students making a good living
With these (79)　▲　 in mind,art students need not worry about their career and have a(n) (80)　▲　 plan.?

第五部分:書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
81.請(qǐng)閱讀下面文字,并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫一篇150詞左右的文章。
Li Jiang6 July,Sunny
Our family will go on a trip next month and need a suitcase.Two days ago,Mom asked me to find relevant information on the Internet.But the information I got was rich and varied,or even contradictory.Confused,I simply based my decision on the ratings.Within five minutes,we ordered the one we were satisfied with.This afternoon,Mom received the case and told me she liked it very much.
Su Hua6 July,Sunny
This morning,our family went out,hanging round in the downtown area.We found a rating of the Top Ten Restaurants,and went into one of them.We spent quite a lot of money,but were not happy.Mom complained a lot,and said that despite its high ratings,the food was not to our taste.I was puzzled.Should I believe in these ratings,or should I not?
【寫作內(nèi)容】
1.用約30個(gè)詞概括上述利用排名(ratings)進(jìn)行消費(fèi)的現(xiàn)象;
2.談?wù)勀闳绾慰创M(fèi)排名,然后用2-3個(gè)理由或論據(jù)支撐你的看法。
【寫作要求】
1.寫作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句;
2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱;
3.不必寫標(biāo)題。
【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】
內(nèi)容完整,語(yǔ)言規(guī)范,語(yǔ)篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。
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英語(yǔ)(江蘇卷)
聽(tīng)力
1~5BCCBA　6~10BABCC
11~15ABAAC　16~20BCBCA
單項(xiàng)填空:
21.D　考查名詞性從句。由主句“By boat is the only way to get here”可知,后面定語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是抵達(dá)的方式,所以用how引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,答案為D項(xiàng)。
22.C　考查動(dòng)詞。A項(xiàng)“指示,象征,顯示”;B項(xiàng)“調(diào)查”;C項(xiàng)“模仿,仿照”;D項(xiàng)“改革,創(chuàng)新”。句意:小孩子不應(yīng)該接觸暴力電影,因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)模仿他們看到的內(nèi)容。由句意可知答案為C項(xiàng)。
23.B　考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:無(wú)人駕駛是中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家處于同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。分析句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此題考查定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為area,且在后面從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)從句。答案為B項(xiàng)。
24.B　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:很奇怪,他未經(jīng)主人允許竟然就把書拿走了。It is+adj.(necessary/important/natural/strange...)+that sb.(should) do...結(jié)構(gòu)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其中should可以省略,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。
25.A　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。句意:發(fā)展長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程,需要清晰的設(shè)計(jì)藍(lán)圖和日程安排。A項(xiàng)“需要,要求”;B項(xiàng)“號(hào)召”;C項(xiàng)“取消”;D項(xiàng)“打電話,叫醒”。由句意可知答案為A項(xiàng)。
26.D　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在此期間創(chuàng)造了大約13,500份新工作,超出了市場(chǎng)分析師預(yù)期的12,000份。分析句子可知,“Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period”為完整的句子,再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知后面應(yīng)該是狀語(yǔ)成分,且邏輯主語(yǔ)jobs和動(dòng)詞exceed“超越,超過(guò)”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。答案為D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)表示狀語(yǔ)行為先發(fā)生,與句意不符。
27.A　考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:村里社交生活豐富,我希望我還有機(jī)會(huì)更多地融入這樣的生活。動(dòng)詞wish后面接賓語(yǔ)從句常用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣,且當(dāng)從句表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)從句的謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí),所以答案為A項(xiàng)。
28.C　考查日常交際用語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)“那又怎么樣”;B項(xiàng)“做吧,拿吧,去吧,說(shuō)吧”;C項(xiàng)“加油,快點(diǎn),算了吧”;D項(xiàng)“為什么,做什么用”。句意:——你猜怎么著?我得到了一張新年音樂(lè)會(huì)的票。——得了吧。你開(kāi)玩笑吧。由句意可知答案為C項(xiàng)。
29.B　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:除非你好好睡覺(jué),否則一兩個(gè)晚上后你的注意力就無(wú)法集中,思維混亂并且缺乏活力。由句意可知應(yīng)該用unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“除非”。答案為B項(xiàng)。
30.A　考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:上個(gè)月我被派到村里去看一看在過(guò)去的兩年間發(fā)展計(jì)劃是如何實(shí)行的。分析句子可知,從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“in the past two years”,應(yīng)該用完成時(shí),且主句的謂語(yǔ)用的是過(guò)去時(shí),所以從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。另外,由句意可知,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)carry out與從句主語(yǔ)the development plan為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。
31.C　考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:但愿到2025年我們就不用再彼此發(fā)送電子郵件了,因?yàn)榈侥菚r(shí)我們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出更便捷的電子交流工具了。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in 2025”可知,句子應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí),且從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“by then”,應(yīng)該用完成時(shí),所以此處應(yīng)該用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。答案為C項(xiàng)。
32.D　考查名詞。A項(xiàng)“任務(wù),分配”;B項(xiàng)“協(xié)會(huì),聯(lián)合”;C項(xiàng)“獲得,收獲”;D項(xiàng)“假定,假設(shè),設(shè)想”。句意:要努力搞清楚到底正在發(fā)生的是什么,而不是在假設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)上行動(dòng)。由句意可知答案為D項(xiàng)。
33.A　考查介詞短語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)“跟……一致,符合”;B項(xiàng)“作為答復(fù)”;C項(xiàng)“作為……的回報(bào)”;D項(xiàng)“對(duì)……表示敬意,為了紀(jì)念……”。句意:中國(guó)軟實(shí)力不斷增長(zhǎng),這與其在全球范圍內(nèi)獲得的日益增長(zhǎng)的稱贊和理解相一致。由句意可知答案為A項(xiàng)。
34.B　考查形容詞。A項(xiàng)“熱衷的,強(qiáng)烈的,熱心的”;B項(xiàng)“不情愿,勉強(qiáng)的”;C項(xiàng)“焦慮的,焦急的”;D項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備好的,就緒的”。句意:盡管這家賓館服務(wù)較差,但是經(jīng)理卻不愿花錢為員工進(jìn)行充分的培訓(xùn)。由句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。
35.D　考查習(xí)語(yǔ)。A項(xiàng)“非常高興”;B項(xiàng)“狂笑”;C項(xiàng)“洗耳恭聽(tīng)”;D項(xiàng)“勃然大怒”。句意:——發(fā)生什么事了?你老板看起來(lái)非常生氣?！汶y道不知道他的秘書把機(jī)密報(bào)告泄露給媒體了嗎?由句意可知答案為D項(xiàng)。
完形填空:
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】投資不如意、丈夫患病,種種打擊使得Moth夫婦幾近崩潰。然而徒步旅行卻奇跡般地讓丈夫的身體減輕了病癥,讓妻子愛(ài)上了寫作。
36.B　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“折疊,草擬,排隊(duì)”;B項(xiàng)“用光,用完”;C項(xiàng)“支持,堵塞,后退”;D項(xiàng)“保持,保養(yǎng)”。由該句意及上文“wrong investment”可知,這對(duì)夫妻投資失敗,僅有的積蓄也都用來(lái)支付律師費(fèi)了。答案為B項(xiàng)。
37.D　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“柔和的,溫柔的”;B項(xiàng)“共同的,普通的”;C項(xiàng)“可預(yù)防的,可阻止的”;D項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)肅的,嚴(yán)重的,認(rèn)真的”。由第二段開(kāi)頭“Failing to find any other way out”可知,Moth的病很嚴(yán)重,找不到治療方法,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。
38.A　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“治愈,治療方法”;B項(xiàng)“運(yùn)氣”;C項(xiàng)“關(guān)心,擔(dān)心,照顧,喜愛(ài)”;D項(xiàng)“承諾,諾言”。沒(méi)有治療方法,只能減輕病痛。
39.B　考查前后照應(yīng)。第二段提到“hiker(徒步旅行者)”,第四段第三句提到“hiking(徒步旅行)”,由此可知答案為B項(xiàng)。
40.D　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“預(yù)料到的,期待的”;B項(xiàng)“嚇人的,使人害怕的”;C項(xiàng)“令人失望的”;D項(xiàng)“驚人的”。前文提到Moth的疾病無(wú)法醫(yī)治,而由下文第四段及第五段內(nèi)容可知,Moth的病癥奇跡般地減輕了,身體變得越來(lái)越好,甚至肌肉也變得比過(guò)去結(jié)實(shí)了。由此可知Moth身體的恢復(fù)是驚人的。答案為D項(xiàng)。
41.A　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“預(yù)算”;B項(xiàng)“稅收,收入”;C項(xiàng)“補(bǔ)償,補(bǔ)救,賠償,修正”;D項(xiàng)“津貼,補(bǔ)貼,零用錢”。由后文的“by living on boiled noodles”可知,夫妻兩個(gè)在徒步旅行期間以面條為食,是為了節(jié)省旅行花費(fèi),縮減開(kāi)支,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。
42.B　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“頻繁的”;B項(xiàng)“偶爾的,有時(shí)的”;C項(xiàng)“充分的,充足的”;D項(xiàng)“不斷的,連續(xù)的”。前文提到夫妻兩個(gè)破產(chǎn)、無(wú)家可歸、Moth還患了重病、徒步旅行只能靠面條度日,由此可以推斷漢堡也只是偶爾能吃到,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。
43.D　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“不受歡迎的,不流行的”;B項(xiàng)“合法的,守法的”;C項(xiàng)“吸引人的”;D項(xiàng)“非法的,不合邏輯的”。由后文“To avoid being caught...”可知,在英國(guó)野外露營(yíng)是非法的,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。
44.C　考查前后照應(yīng)。為了避免被抓,夫妻兩個(gè)不得不很晚才支起帳篷,早上很早就將其收起。由后文的“early”可知答案為C項(xiàng)。
45.A　考查背景常識(shí)。由句意可知,這里是把這對(duì)50來(lái)歲的夫妻現(xiàn)在的徒步旅行和他們20來(lái)歲時(shí)的徒步旅行做比較。根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷,現(xiàn)在的體力自然無(wú)法和年輕時(shí)相比,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。
46.C　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“滾動(dòng)”;B項(xiàng)“流血”;C項(xiàng)“疼痛”;D項(xiàng)“抖動(dòng),顫抖”。年齡大了,再加上長(zhǎng)時(shí)間徒步旅行,身體自然有些吃不消,渾身肌肉酸痛,需要洗澡放松。答案為C項(xiàng)。
47.A　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“斗爭(zhēng),掙扎,努力,拼搏”;B項(xiàng)“進(jìn)步”;C項(xiàng)“興奮,激動(dòng)”;D項(xiàng)“研究”。句意:同時(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)初步努力和堅(jiān)持,通過(guò)每天辛苦地徒步旅行Moth發(fā)現(xiàn)他的病癥不可思議地減輕了。答案為A項(xiàng)。
48.C　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“發(fā)展,形成,產(chǎn)生,沖洗膠片”;B項(xiàng)“控制”;C項(xiàng)“減少,降低”;D項(xiàng)“增加,上漲”。徒步旅行使他的病痛有了不可思議地緩解,故答案為C項(xiàng)。
49.B　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“最初,開(kāi)始”;B項(xiàng)“最終”;C項(xiàng)“暫時(shí)地,臨時(shí)地”;D項(xiàng)“因此”。句意:最終,這對(duì)夫妻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的身體變得越來(lái)越好,而且在身上再次找到了他們?cè)詾橛肋h(yuǎn)消失了的結(jié)實(shí)的肌肉。由句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。
50.D　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“獲得,得到,收獲”;B項(xiàng)“保持,維持”;C項(xiàng)“傷害”;D項(xiàng)“失去”。答案為D項(xiàng)。
51.C　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“縫紉”;B項(xiàng)“洗”;C項(xiàng)“穿,戴,磨損”;D項(xiàng)“熨燙”。根據(jù)“Our hair was fried and falling out,nails broken”可知,他們的衣服也應(yīng)該破爛成布條了。答案為C項(xiàng)。
52.D　考查前后照應(yīng)。第一段提到夫妻兩個(gè)因?yàn)橥顿Y失敗而變得無(wú)家可歸,由此可知應(yīng)該選擇D項(xiàng)。
53.B　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“好地”;B項(xiàng)“部分地”;C項(xiàng)“整齊地,整潔地”;D項(xiàng)“最初地,原始地”。由下文“to keep writing the story”可知,這本書只是完成部分,所以答案為B項(xiàng)。
54.A　考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)“選擇”;B項(xiàng)“回報(bào),報(bào)酬,酬金”;C項(xiàng)“諾言,承諾”;D項(xiàng)“破裂,休息,間斷”。由后文內(nèi)容可知,作者要做出選擇,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。
55.C　考查前后照應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)“松散的,自由的,模糊的”;B項(xiàng)“慢的,充分的,充實(shí)的”;C項(xiàng)“空白的”;D項(xiàng)“失去的,下落不明的”。由上文“an empty page”可知答案為C項(xiàng)。
閱讀理解:
A篇:
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹大城市藝術(shù)博物館的位置、入場(chǎng)費(fèi)及景點(diǎn)等,旨在吸引游客參觀。
56.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中Admission中的“$25.00 recommended for adults...free for children under 12 with an adult”可知,11歲女孩免費(fèi),她的父母每人需交$25.00,所以選擇C項(xiàng)。
57.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中The Cloisters Museum and Gardens前兩句可知,展品來(lái)源于中世紀(jì),所以選擇B項(xiàng);A項(xiàng)與原文信息“Closed Thanksgiving Day,December 25,and January 1”不符;C項(xiàng)與“The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.”不符;D項(xiàng)原文未提到。
B篇:
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文分析什么因素會(huì)影響飯店顧客吃什么、吃多少及人們對(duì)飯店的幾種錯(cuò)誤理解。
58.A　詞義猜測(cè)題。由文章第三段中的“When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness,they couldn’t tell how much they’d had:those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller,and they were just as ready for dessert.”可知,在黑暗中進(jìn)餐會(huì)吃更多東西,他們不會(huì)感覺(jué)飽,還能吃甜點(diǎn)。他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到比平時(shí)吃得多,所以選擇A項(xiàng)。
59.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中的“One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round:put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical,rather than pop,music was playing,diners spent more.”可知,放古典音樂(lè)可使食客停留時(shí)間長(zhǎng)并且點(diǎn)菜更多,所以選擇A項(xiàng)。
60.D　主旨大意題。最后一段的主題句為“Meanwhile,things that you might expect to discourage spending—‘bad’ tables,crowding,high prices—don’t necessarily.”可知,人們對(duì)飯店有一些誤解,所以選擇D項(xiàng)。
C篇:
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文講述農(nóng)業(yè)的特征,小農(nóng)戶面臨的問(wèn)題以及解決之道,及如何使農(nóng)業(yè)獲得可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
61.B　推理判斷題。由第一段中的“If you want to disturb the car industry,you’d better have a few billion dollars:Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture,small farmers can get the best of the major players.”可知,汽車行業(yè)是一個(gè)需要巨額資金的行業(yè),小作坊式的汽車制造商不可能打敗大的汽車公司,而在農(nóng)業(yè)中,小農(nóng)戶卻能戰(zhàn)勝大的農(nóng)場(chǎng)主。因此,開(kāi)篇的舉例是為了說(shuō)明“農(nóng)業(yè)的特殊特征”,所以選擇B項(xiàng)。
62.D　推理判斷題。由第二段中的“It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.”可知,小農(nóng)戶也有可能戰(zhàn)勝大農(nóng)場(chǎng)主,所以選擇D項(xiàng)。
63.C　推理判斷題。由第三段中的“The sustainable success of small farmers,though,won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.One crucial factor is secure access to land.Competition from investors,developers,and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.”可知答案為C項(xiàng)。
64.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中的“We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation”可知答案為A項(xiàng)。
D篇:
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】社交媒體對(duì)10歲左右的少年兒童形成自我價(jià)值觀起到了很大作用?？茖W(xué)研究已向人們發(fā)出警告,社交媒體對(duì)于還不能夠正確處理自己情感的孩子們影響非常大。家長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)媒體都要擔(dān)負(fù)起責(zé)任,確保孩子在優(yōu)良的社交環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)。
65.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中第二段中的“She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks,with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.”可知,許多社交媒體的app讓孩子們接觸到情感風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題,而他們并不具備處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)上碰到的巨大壓力的能力,由此推出答案為B項(xiàng)。
66.A　推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.”可知,一些社交app要求用戶的年齡應(yīng)在13歲以上,但實(shí)際上并不充分核對(duì)用戶的注冊(cè)信息,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。
67.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第八段中的“As their world expanded,...but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves.”可知,孩子們把自己和網(wǎng)上其他人進(jìn)行比較,損害自我認(rèn)同和自信心,以及自我發(fā)展的能力。答案為B項(xiàng)。
68.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段中的“However,those in the 10 to 12 age group were ‘concerned with how many people like their posts’,suggesting a ‘need’ for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.”及第十一段中的“as they headed toward their teens,they became increasingly anxious online.”可知,孩子們年齡增長(zhǎng)了,就更加注重其在網(wǎng)上的被認(rèn)可度,心里容易變得焦慮,所以答案為D項(xiàng)。
69.C　推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段首句中的“schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷區(qū)) they faced online”可知,學(xué)校和父母都應(yīng)該關(guān)注孩子對(duì)于社交媒體的使用。答案為C項(xiàng)。
70.A　主旨大意題。本文主要闡述少年兒童在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中因使用社交媒體而受到的各種影響,所以A項(xiàng)正確。
任務(wù)型閱讀:
【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】說(shuō)到藝術(shù),人們通常想到的都是美麗的畫作、優(yōu)美的樂(lè)曲、獲獎(jiǎng)的表演等。事實(shí)上,藝術(shù)帶給我們的社會(huì)價(jià)值要廣闊得多。
71.benefit　由文章標(biāo)題“How Arts Promote Our Economy”及表格前的總結(jié)“Arts as an economic driver”可知,文章強(qiáng)調(diào)藝術(shù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值,再結(jié)合題目中的from可考慮固定短語(yǔ):benefit from“從……中受益”。
72.Ways　此題為總結(jié)題,是總結(jié)文章第二到六段內(nèi)容的,主要從各個(gè)角度論述藝術(shù)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響方式,所以用ways。
73.joint/collective　由第二段中的“Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists,technical experts,managers,musicians,or writers to create an appealing piece of art.”可知,藝術(shù)活動(dòng)是一種需要大家共同努力、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的活動(dòng),所以用joint“共同的,聯(lián)合的”或collective“集體的”。
74.promotion/marketing　由第三段中的“Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.”及“Painters,digital media experts,photographers...and promote the event.”可知,除了藝術(shù)相關(guān)人士外,其他人員也會(huì)參與藝術(shù)活動(dòng),負(fù)責(zé)營(yíng)銷和推廣,所以此處用promotion/marketing。
75.effect　由第四段中的“A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(連鎖反應(yīng)) throughout a community.”可知答案為effect,作為名詞表示“影響”。
76.fares　由第四段中的“Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.”可知,他們會(huì)駕車或乘坐飛機(jī);另外,再結(jié)合本題中的“Besides tickets”可知,除了票錢,還需要交交通費(fèi)用,所以用fares。
77.positive　由文章第六段內(nèi)容可知,此處用數(shù)據(jù)反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)藝術(shù)投資可以帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。此題需要一個(gè)形容詞修飾economic results,所以用positive,表示會(huì)產(chǎn)生“積極的”結(jié)果。
78.outside/beyond　由文章第六段中的“80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry”可知,此處用outside或beyond,表示藝術(shù)行業(yè)“以外”或“無(wú)關(guān)”的人。
79.statistics/data/analyses　由第六段提供的各種數(shù)據(jù)信息和分析可知,此處用statistics/data/analyses,表示“數(shù)據(jù),數(shù)據(jù)分析”。
80.alternative　由最后一段中的“have a plan B”可知,這里有其他準(zhǔn)備,所以用alternative,表示“可供選擇的”,用來(lái)修飾plan。
書面表達(dá)
Possible version one:
As a major channel of consumption information,the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.Interestingly,the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.Firstly,the higher rating means the higher quality of the product,or better service.Based on the ratings,I bought my beloved backpack,saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.Secondly,ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping.For example,there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.In that case,it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.
There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.
Possible version two:
Nowadays,most commodities or services are rated through certain channels.These ratings,easy to access,are playing an increasingly important role in customers’ purchase decision.However,results are sometimes unsatisfactory.
There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers,but they are often misleading and unreliable.As we all know,most of the ratings are based on others’ judgment on the product or service concerned.Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state.Apparently,blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment.Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers.It has become a common practice for some to pay for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales.
Therefore,we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.

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