?2015年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試
英語(浙江卷)
選擇題部分(共80分)
第一部分:英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
第一節(jié):單項(xiàng)填空(共20小題;每小題0.5分,滿分10分)
從A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
1.—Hi,John.Are you busy?
—　　?
A.Yes.I do agree.　　　　　B.Yes.That would be nice.
C.No.Are you sure? D.No.What’s up?
2.Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write 　　　children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in 　　　way.?
A.a;不填 B.the;the
C.不填;the D.a;the
3.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes 　　　animals both on land and sea??
A.about B.to
C.with D.over
4.It was so noisy that we 　　　hear ourselves speak.?
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t
C.mustn’t D.needn’t
5.Studies have shown that the right and left ear 　　　sound differently.?
A.produce B.pronounce
C.process D.download
6.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate 　　　is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.?
A.what B.who
C.that D.whoever
7.Body language can 　　　a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.?
A.take away B.throw away
C.put away D.give away
8.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,few people guessed that he 　　　a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.?
A.has been B.had been
C.was going to be D.was
9.　　　a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.?
A.Just as B.Even though
C.Until D.Unless
10.Most people work because it’s unavoidable.　　　,there are some people who actually enjoy work.?
A.As a result B.In addition
C.By contrast D.In conclusion
11.We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or 　　　our emotions than for straight facts.?
A.block off B.appeal to
C.subscribe to D.come across
12.How would you like 　　　if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you??
A.them B.one
C.those D.it
13.Most of us,if we know even a little about where our food comes from,understand that every bite put into our mouths was 　　　alive.?
A.steadily B.instantly
C.formerly D.permanently
14.Listening is thus an active,not a 　　　,behavior consisting of hearing,understanding and remembering.?
A.considerate B.sensitive
C.reliable D.passive
15.One of the most effective ways to reduce 　　　is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.?
A.production B.stress
C.energy D.power
16.If steel is heavier than water,why are ships able to 　　　on the sea??
A.float　　　B.drown C.shrink　　　D.split
17.These comments came 　　　specific questions often asked by local newsmen.?
A.in memory of B.in response to
C.in touch with D.in possession of
18.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it 　　　live is quite another.?
A.perform B.performing
C.to perform D.being performed
19.Creating an atmosphere 　　　employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.?
A.as B.whose
C.in which D.at which
20.—Why don’t you consider a trip to,say,Beijing or Hangzhou?
—　　　.?
A.I wouldn’t mind that B.Then we’ll get there quickly
C.Let’s call it a day D.It’s not a requirement
第二節(jié):完形填空(共20小題;每小題1分,滿分20分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從21~40各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford,I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking,high-paying Wall Street jobs.As executives(高級(jí)管理人員)with banks,consulting firms,established law firms,and major corporations,many are now 　21　on their way to impressive careers.By society’s 　22　,they seem to have it made.?
On the surface,these people seem to be very lucky in life.As they left student life behind,many had a 　23　 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar,shook hands with longtime roommates,and 　24　out of small apartments into high buildings.They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 　25　a college year’s monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.?
The thing is,a number of them have 　26　that despite their success,they aren’t happy.Some 　27　of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 　28　.Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 　29　.However,instead of devoting themselves to their work,they find themselves working to support the 　30　to which they have so quickly become 　31　.?
People often speak of trying a more satisfying path,and 　32　in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 　33　or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion:it’s 　34　.They have loans,bills,a mortgage(抵押貸款) to 　35　,retirement to save for.They recognize there’s something 　36　in their lives,but it’s 　37　 to step off the track.?
In a society that tends to 　38　everything in terms of dollars and cents,we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 　39　in financial terms.But what about the personal and social costs 　40　 in pursuing money over meaning?These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most.?
21.A.much B.never
C.seldom D.well
22.A.policies B.standards
C.experiments D.regulations
23.A.last B.least
C.second D.best
24.A.cycled B.moved
C.slid D.looked
25.A.shared B.paid
C.equaled D.collected
26.A.advertised B.witnessed
C.admitted D.demanded
27.A.complain B.dream
C.hear D.approve
28.A.distribute B.hate
C.applaud D.neglect
29.A.calm B.guilty
C.warm D.empty
30.A.family B.government
C.lifestyle D.project
31.A.accustomed B.appointed
C.unique D.available
32.A.yet B.also
C.instead D.rather
33.A.let out B.turn in
C.give up D.believe in
34.A.fundamental B.practical
C.impossible D.unforgettable
35.A.take off B.drop off
C.put off D.pay off
36.A.missing B.inspiring
C.sinking D.shining
37.A.harmful B.hard
C.useful D.normal
38.A.measure B.suffer
C.digest D.deliver
39.A.disasters B.motivations
C.campaigns D.decisions
40.A.assessed B.involved
C.covered D.reduced
第二部分:閱讀理解(第一節(jié)20小題,第二節(jié)5小題;每小題2分,滿分50分)
第一節(jié):閱讀下列材料,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。
A
From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation.When children are little we make them read aloud,before the teacher and other children,so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading.This means that when they don’t know a word,they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone.After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years,I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books,and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.
One day soon after school had started,I said to them,“Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before.I would like you to read a lot of books this year,but I want you to read them only for pleasure.I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not.If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me.Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.”
The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking?One girl,who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time,looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished.Then,still looking at me,she said slowly and seriously,“Mr.Holt,do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously,“I mean every word of it.”
During the spring she really astonished me.One day,she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself,“It can’t be,”and went to take a closer look.Sure enough,she was reading MobyDick,in the edition with woodcuts.I said,“Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going?”She answered,“Oh,sure,but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is — an exciting, joyous adventure.Find something,dive into it,take the good parts,skip the bad parts,get what you can out of it,go on to something else.How different is our mean-spirited,picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.
41.According to the passage,children’s fear and dislike of books may result from 　　　.?
A.reading little and thinking little
B.reading often and adventurously
C.being made to read too much
D.being made to read aloud before others
42.The teacher told his students to read 　　　.?
A.for enjoyment
B.for knowledge
C.for a larger vocabulary
D.for higher scores in exams
43.Upon hearing the teacher’s talk,the children probably felt that 　　　.?
A.it sounded stupid
B.it was not surprising at all
C.it sounded too good to be true
D.it was no different from other teachers’ talk
44.Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A.She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B.She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C.She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D.She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
45.From the teacher’s point of view,　　　.?
A.children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while reading
B.children should be left to decide what to read and how to read
C.reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in school
D.reading involves understanding every little piece of information

B
Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information,especially numbers,percentages,and other data.A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret.That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.
Graphs can seem frightening,but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story.The graph has a title,a main idea,and supporting details.You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.
Most graphs have a few basic parts:a caption or introduction paragraph,a title,a legend or key,and labeled axes.An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data.Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005).Captions usually summarize the author’s main point as well.The title is very important.It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown.A legend,also called a key,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.Many graphs,including bar graphs and line graphs,have two axes that form a corner.Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph.Each axis will always have a label.The label tells you what each axis measures.
　　BarGraphs

Grade Earned
Graph 1.Student Performance on Social Studies Quiz
A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show amounts.In Graph 1,we see that the x-axis shows grades that students earned,and the y-axis shows how many students earned each grade.You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement.There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this (See Graph 1).
　　LineGraphs

Graph 2.The Pipit’s Spring Migration
A line graph looks similar to a bar graph,but instead of bars,it plots points and connects them with a line.It has the same parts as a bar graph — two labeled axes — and can be read the same way.To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points.This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time.Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).
The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days.The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers.Thus we can see that,on the first day,the pipit flew 20 kilometers.The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled down, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before.This line graph is a quick,visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration.
　　PieGraphs

Graph 3.Amy’s June Expenses
A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie.The circle is divided into sections,and each section represents a fraction of the data.The graph is commonly used to show percentages;the whole pie represents 100 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.
A pie graph might include a legend,or it might use icons or labels within each slice.This pie graph shows one month’s expenses (See Graph 3).
Food $25
Movies $12
Clothing $36
Savings $20
Books $7
46.When used in a graph,a legend is 　　　.?
A.a guide to the symbols and colors
B.an introduction paragraph
C.the main idea
D.the data
47.What is the total number of students who earned a C or better?
A.4.　　　　　　　　　　B.6.
C.10. D.20.
48.The bird covered the longest distance on 　　　.?
A.Day 1 B.Day 2
C.Day 3 D.Day 4
49.Which of the following cost Amy most?
A.Food. B.Books.
C.Movies. D.Clothing.

C
If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜間活動(dòng)的) species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal creatures,with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night:We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design,which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life,including ourselves,have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world,some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze(霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night — dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth — is wholly beyond our experience,beyond memory almost.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country,when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone,the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force,and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁鐵).The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night,birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal,throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint,including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures,we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare,to our internal clockwork,as light itself.
Living in a glare of our own making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense,light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe,to forget the scale of our being,which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.
50.According to the passage,human beings 　　　.?
A.prefer to live in the darkness
B.are used to living in the day light
C.were curious about the midnight world
D.had to stay at home with the light of the moon
51.What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?
A.The night.
B.The moon.
C.The sky.
D.The planet.
52.The writer mentions birds and frogs to 　　　.?
A.provide examples of animal protection
B.show how light pollution affects animals
C.compare the living habits of both species
D.explain why the number of certain species has declined
53.It is implied in the last paragraph that 　　　.?
A.light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C.human beings cannot go to the outer space
D.human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
54.What might be the best title for the passage?
A.The Magic Light.
B.The Orange Haze.
C.The Disappearing Night.
D.The Rhythms of Nature.

D
In 2004,when my daughter Becky was ten,she and my husband,Joe,were united in their desire for a dog.As for me,I shared none of their canine lust.
But why,they pleaded.“Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog.”But we’ll do it.“Really?You’re going to walk the dog?Feed the dog?Bathe the dog?” Yes,yes,and yes.“I don’t believe you.”We will.We promise.
They didn’t.From day two(everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day),neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots,to schedule her vet appointments,to feed and clean her,Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new humans in her life(small,medium,and large),she calculated,“Themediumoneisthesuckerinthepack.”?
Quickly,she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心靈融合).She’d look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers,beam her need,and then wait,trusting I would understand — which,strangely,I almost always did.In no time,she became my fifth appendage(附肢),snoring on my home-office couch as I worked,cradling against my feet as I read,and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.
Even so,part of me continued to resent walking duty.Joe and Becky had promised.Not fair, I’d balk(不心甘情愿地做)silently as she and I walked.“Not fair,”I’d loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home.
Then one day — January 1,2007,to be exact — my husband’s doctor uttered an unthinkable word:leukemia(白血病).With that,I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital,doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort.During those six months of hospitalizations,Becky,12 at the time,adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school.My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment’s notice for medical emergencies.Every part of my life changed;no part of my old routine remained.
Save one:Misty still needed walking.At the beginning,when friends offered to take her through her paces,I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.
As the months went by,I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty.The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet,peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day’s medical drama unfolded.The evening walk was a time to shake off the day’s upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.
When serious illness visits your household,it’s not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar.Pretty much everyone you know acts differently.
Not Misty.Take her for a walk,and she had no interest in Joe’s blood counts or bone marrow test results.On the street or in the park,she had only one thing on her mind:squirrels!She was so joyous that even on the worst days, she could make me smile.On a daily basis,she reminded me that life goes on.
After Joe died in 2009,Misty slept on his pillow.
I’m grateful — to a point.The truth is,after years of balking,I’ve come to enjoy my walks with Misty.As I watch her chase after a squirrel,throwing her whole being into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory,she reminds me,too,that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future,there’s almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.
55.Why didn’t the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story?
A.She was afraid the dog would get the family into trouble.
B.It would be her business to take care of the dog.
C.Her husband and daughter were united as one.
D.She didn’t want to spoil her daughter.
56.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)?
A.“The middle-aged person loves me most.”
B.“The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”
C.“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”
D.“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”
57.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that 　　　.?
A.Misty was quite clever
B.Misty could solve math problems
C.the writer was a slow learner
D.no one walked Misty the first day
58.The story came to its turning point when 　　　.?
A.Joe died in 2009
B.Joe fell ill in 2007
C.the writer began to walk the dog
D.the dog tried to please the writer
59.Why did the writer continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital?
A.Misty couldn’t live without her.
B.Her friends didn’t offer any help.
C.The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.
D.She didn’t want Misty to be others’ companion.
60.What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage?
A.One should learn to enjoy hard times.
B.A disaster can change everything in life.
C.Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.
D.People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.
第二節(jié):下面文章中有5個(gè)段落需要添加首句(第61~65題)。請(qǐng)從以下選項(xiàng)(A、B、C、D、E和F)中選出適合各段落的首句,并在答題紙上將相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)的標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。
A.Comeinwithsomethingtosay.
B.Preparegeneralcomments.
C.Bringmaterialswithyou.
D.Don’tmakethemwait.
E.Havenofear.
F.Goitalone.
One of the best things you can do any time in the semester is go see the professor.So hoof on over to an office hour and have some one-on-one face time with someone who’ll help you master the material and improve your grade,to boot.But how should you have this conversation with the professor?Here are five insider tips about how to make that office hour really count:
61.　　　 No need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor.The professor would actually like to see you and answer your questions.Believe it or not,he or she is on your side and is eager to see you do well.And besides,he or she has seen many students stupider than you,so nothing you’re going to ask will set the record for stupidity.?
62.　　　 Even though you might feel more comfortable going with a friend or partner,the office hour will go better if it’s just you and the professor.You’ll get in more questions,the discussion will be tailored to what you need most help on,and two-party communication is almost always more productive than committee work.Your friend can wait outside for the discussion.?
63.　　　 If you can’t make the official office hours,most professors are willing to make individual appointments to help you out.If you’re lucky enough to land such an accommodation,though,be sure you’re 100 percent on time.There’s nothing that ticks off a professor more than making him or herself available for a custom office hour only to find that you don’t care enough to come on time.And besides,the professor might leave after ten minutes,which would make your trip a total loss.?
64.　　　 If you’re meeting with the professor to go over a paper or test,or to ask questions about a particular lecture or reading,make sure you bring that paper or test,or your lecture notes or a copy of the article.The professor doesn’t remember the comments he or she wrote on your individual piece of work — though he or she will be able to recall them after just a brief glance at your work.And if you have your lecture notes or the article in hand,you and the professor will be able to examine specific points that are confusing to you,rather than just talking in a general way about the contents.?
65.　　　 Office hours almost always go better if you bring a few specific questions to the meeting.It’s almost never good to start a meeting with general comments such as:“I didn’t understand what you said about [main topic of the course]” or “I couldn’t understand any of your lectures last week.”Much better is to come in with two or three conversation-starters about a specific concept,point,or problem you didn’t understand.Keep in mind that in a fifteen-minute office hour (which is how long these things usually last),two or three questions are usually the most you’ll have time to discuss.?
非選擇題部分(共40分)
第三部分:寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)
第一節(jié):短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
下面短文中有10處語言錯(cuò)誤。請(qǐng)?jiān)谟绣e(cuò)誤的地方增加、刪除或修改某個(gè)單詞。
增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫上該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。
注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
例如:
It was very nice to get your invitation to spend ∧theweekend with you.Luckily I wasam completely free then,so I’ll
to
say“yes”.I’ll arrive in Bristol at around 8:00 p.m.inonFriday evening.
My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.On the left-hand side of the class,I could easy see the football field.In the mornings,it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.Farther in the distance,I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom,I will never forget it.
第二節(jié):書面表達(dá)(滿分30分)
在班級(jí)活動(dòng)中,當(dāng)你的想法與大多數(shù)同學(xué)不一致時(shí),你是堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)并說服別人,還是尊重大多數(shù)同學(xué)的意見?請(qǐng)你以“When I Have a Different Opinion”為題,用英語寫一篇100~120個(gè)詞的短文。要求如下:
1.從以上兩種做法中選擇一種;
2.以具體事例闡述你選擇的理由。
注意:短文中,不得以任何形式透露地區(qū)、學(xué)校、同學(xué)姓名等真實(shí)信息。否則,按考試作弊行為認(rèn)定。
WhenIHaveaDifferentOpinion
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詳解詳析
2015高考浙江英語卷答案詳解
1.D　考查交際用語。句意:——嗨,約翰。你很忙嗎?——不忙。怎么啦?What’sup?意為“怎么了?發(fā)生什么事啦?”,符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“是的。我確實(shí)同意。”;B項(xiàng)意為“是的。那太好了。”;C項(xiàng)意為“不忙,你能肯定嗎?”。
2.D　考查冠詞。句意:簡(jiǎn)的奶奶很多年來一直想寫一本兒童書籍,但是這樣或那樣的事情總是妨礙著她。第一個(gè)空泛指一本兒童書籍,所以用不定冠詞修飾;第二個(gè)空是固定短語,getintheway意為“妨礙”。
3.B　考查介詞。句意:你曾經(jīng)聽說過這樣的樹嗎?它們是水陸兩棲動(dòng)物的棲息地。behometo是固定短語,意為“是……的所在地/棲息地/家園/產(chǎn)地”。
4.A　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:環(huán)境太嘈雜了,我們不能聽到自己講話的聲音。couldn’t“不能”;shouldn’t“不應(yīng)該”;mustn’t“禁止,不許”;needn’t“不必”。
5.C　考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:研究表明,人的右耳和左耳對(duì)聲音的處理是不同的。produce“生產(chǎn),制造”;pronounce“發(fā)音”;process“加工,處理”;download“下載”。
6.A　考查名詞性從句。句意:如果你去河里或湖里游泳,一定要調(diào)查清楚水面下有什么。經(jīng)常有巖石或樹枝藏在水下。what在此處引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并在從句中作主語。
7.D　考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意:肢體語言能夠暴露你很多情緒方面的東西,因此雙臂交叉站著發(fā)送出的信號(hào)是你正處于戒備狀態(tài)。giveaway“泄露,暴露,出賣”,符合句意。takeaway“拿走,帶走”;throwaway“扔掉,拋棄”;putaway“收起來,放好,儲(chǔ)存”。
8.C　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦出生于1879年。他小的時(shí)候,幾乎沒有人猜想到他將會(huì)成為著名的科學(xué)家,他的理論將會(huì)改變世界。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語asachild可知,此處用過去將來時(shí)。
9.A　考查狀語從句。句意:正如一個(gè)詞語能改變一個(gè)句子的意思,一個(gè)句子能改變一個(gè)段落的意思。justas“正如,就像”;eventhough“雖然,盡管”;until“直到”;unless“如果不,除非”。
10.C　考查介詞短語。句意:大多數(shù)人工作是因?yàn)檫@是無法避免的事情。相比之下,有一些人確實(shí)喜歡工作。bycontrast“相比之下,與之相反,與……形成對(duì)比的是”,符合句意。asaresult“因此,結(jié)果”;inaddition“此外,而且”;inconclusion“最后,總之”。
11.B　考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意:與直接的事實(shí)相比,我們對(duì)那些激發(fā)我們的感官或吸引我們情感的事物通常有更好的記憶。blockoff“關(guān)閉,封閉,封鎖”;appealto“吸引”;subscribeto“預(yù)訂,同意,訂閱”;comeacross“偶然遇見,偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”。
12.D　考查代詞。句意:如果你正在觀看你自己喜愛的電視節(jié)目,這時(shí)有人進(jìn)入房間,沒有詢問你的意見就把電視關(guān)掉了,你會(huì)有什么樣的感受?表示人的情感好惡的動(dòng)詞like,love,hate等后面通常接it作形式賓語。
13.C　考查副詞。句意:如果我們知道哪怕一點(diǎn)兒關(guān)于我們的食物來自哪里的知識(shí),我們大多數(shù)人就會(huì)理解我們放進(jìn)嘴里的每一口(食物)以前是活著的。steadily“穩(wěn)定地,不斷地”;instantly“立即,立刻,馬上”;formerly“以前,從前”;permanently“永久地,長(zhǎng)期不變地”。
14.D　考查形容詞。句意:傾聽是一種主動(dòng)的而不是被動(dòng)的行為,它包括傾聽、理解和記憶。considerate“體貼的,考慮周到的”;sensitive“敏感的”;reliable“可靠的,可信賴的”;passive“被動(dòng)的,消極的”。
15.B　考查名詞。句意:減輕壓力的最有效的方法之一就是與你信任的人談?wù)撃愕母惺?。production“生產(chǎn),制作”;stress“壓力”;energy“精力,能量”;power“權(quán)力,力量”。
16.A　考查動(dòng)詞。句意:如果說鋼鐵比水重的話,那么為什么輪船能夠漂浮在海面上?float“漂浮”;drown“淹死,溺死”;shrink“使收縮,使縮小”;split“裂開,分開”。
17.B　考查介詞短語。句意:這些評(píng)論是為了回應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐男侣動(dòng)浾邆兘?jīng)常問的具體問題。inmemoryof“作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念”;inresponseto“對(duì)……做出反應(yīng)”;intouchwith“同……有聯(lián)系”;inpossessionof“占有,擁有”。
18.D　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在家聽音樂是一回事,聽現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演奏的音樂又是另外一回事。hear后面的代詞it指代上文出現(xiàn)的music,music與perform之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
19.C　考查定語從句。句意:創(chuàng)造一種員工們感覺自己是團(tuán)隊(duì)里的一份子的氛圍是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,inwhich在此處相當(dāng)于where,引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾atmosphere。
20.A　考查交際用語。句意:——為什么不考慮去旅游呢,比如北京或杭州?——我不在乎那件事。A項(xiàng)符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“那么我們將很快到達(dá)那里”;C項(xiàng)意為“咱們到此為止”;D項(xiàng)意為“它不是一個(gè)要求”。
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為議論文。作者周圍的很多朋友事業(yè)有成,生活奢侈,外表光鮮亮麗,但是他們并不快樂。他們?cè)趦?nèi)心里希望改變自己,開始新的人生,但是迫于生活的壓力,或者說由于覺得不合算,他們只能得過且過,無聊空虛地打發(fā)時(shí)光。
21.D　作者的朋友們接受過高等教育,算是社會(huì)的精英分子,他們?cè)诟鞔蠊咀龅蔑L(fēng)生水起,完全處于通往令人贊嘆的職業(yè)生涯的途中。well此處表示程度,意為“完全地,徹底地”。
22.B　作者的這些朋友,依照社會(huì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量,似乎很容易獲取成功。句中的haveitmade意為“有成功的把握,很容易辦到”。
23.A　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知,因?yàn)檫@些人獲得了成功,他們不可能再去那些低檔次的地方消費(fèi),所以他們?cè)诹畠r(jià)但氣氛友好的當(dāng)?shù)鼐瓢勺詈笠淮魏染啤?br /> 24.B　moveoutof意為“脫離,擺脫”,此處指的是作者的這些朋友從小的公寓里搬出來,住進(jìn)了高樓里。
25.C　此處描述朋友們奢侈的生活方式,他們預(yù)訂座位的飯店飯菜昂貴,一瓶酒的價(jià)格等同于大學(xué)里一個(gè)月的房租。
26.C　問題是,他們中的一些人承認(rèn),雖然他們成功了,但是他們并不快樂。
27.A　complainof是固定短語,意為“抱怨”,他們抱怨同事們不友好。
28.B　根據(jù)前面的feelsadfor可知,這些工作是他們不喜歡做的,所以他們對(duì)一天八小時(shí)的工作感到煩惱。
29.D　此處繼續(xù)描述那些成功人士的煩惱,一些人不尊重他們效力的公司,說自己感到厭倦和空虛。
30.C　然而,這些人不是全身心地投入工作,他們發(fā)覺自己工作的目的只是為了維持那種他們很快就習(xí)慣了的生活方式。
31.A　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),towhichtheyhavesoquicklybecomeaccustomed是定語從句,修飾lifestyle。becomeaccustomedto是固定短語,意為“習(xí)慣于,對(duì)……變得習(xí)以為常”。
32.A　人們經(jīng)常說嘗試一種更令人滿意的道路,可是最終,人們只是說說而已,沒有人真的舍棄一切,改變固有的生活模式。yet意為“可是”。
33.D　有些人想過放棄自己的工作去為他們信仰的某些事情而工作,或者找到一個(gè)讓他們有更多時(shí)間陪伴家人的職位。
34.C　上述的內(nèi)容只是停留在很多人的想象中,最終,他們得出相同的結(jié)論:這是不可能的事情。
35.D　人們的美好想法最終敗給了現(xiàn)實(shí):他們需要支付貸款、賬單,他們要付清抵押貸款,他們要為退休后的生活攢錢。
36.A　他們意識(shí)到在生活中某些東西失去了,但是脫離原有的生活軌道是很難的事情。
37.B　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的人們,總是為生計(jì)所累,不可能說走就走,說離開就離開,所以脫離原有的生活軌道是不容易做到的。
38.A　我們現(xiàn)在生活的社會(huì)是以金錢來衡量一切的,所以我們從很小的時(shí)候就學(xué)會(huì)了從金錢的角度去考慮我們做出的決定的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本。
39.D　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知,很多人之所以放棄自己的決定,就是覺得不合算,這個(gè)“合算”當(dāng)然是從金錢的角度來衡量的。
40.B　involvedin作后置定語,修飾costs,意為“卷入,涉及”。作者反問:卷入到金錢至上中的個(gè)人成本和社會(huì)成本怎么計(jì)算呢?
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為記敘文。作者是一位教師,他發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們很討厭讀書,于是決定采取措施改變孩子們的這種態(tài)度。作者提出了“為了快樂而讀書”的目標(biāo),作者的努力沒有白費(fèi),他的學(xué)生們逐漸喜歡上了讀書,并懂得如何去讀書。
41.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句內(nèi)容可以推斷出,孩子們對(duì)于書籍的恐懼和厭煩可能是來自于被迫在他人面前大聲朗讀。
42.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“...butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure.”可知,作者告訴自己的學(xué)生要為了快樂而讀書。
43.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可以推斷出,當(dāng)作者把自己對(duì)于學(xué)生們讀書的要求說出來之后,孩子們大概感覺這個(gè)想法太棒了,簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。
44.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知,這個(gè)小女孩已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了在一些難以讀懂的書籍中欣賞自己覺得好看的內(nèi)容。
45.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容,特別是最后一段內(nèi)容可以推斷出,這位教師認(rèn)為,應(yīng)該由孩子們決定讀什么書以及如何閱讀。
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為說明文。作者首先說明了圖表的重要性和實(shí)用性,然后介紹了圖表通常包括的項(xiàng)目和內(nèi)容,最后展示了三種不同形式的圖表。
46.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第五句“Alegend,alsocalledakey,isaguidetothesymbolsandcolorsusedinthegraph.”可知,圖例是符號(hào)和顏色的用法指南。
47.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)圖表可知,得A的學(xué)生是6人,得B的學(xué)生是10人,得C的學(xué)生是4人,三者相加是20人。題干問的是得C以及以上等級(jí)的人數(shù),所以答案是20。
48.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)圖表可知,這只鳥在第三天飛行的距離是70千米,是五天中最長(zhǎng)的距離,故選C項(xiàng)。
49.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)圖表可知,埃米花在衣服上的錢最多,故選D項(xiàng)。
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為議論文。作者首先說明人類習(xí)慣于生活在日光下,所以在夜晚打開各種燈;接下來,作者引出了光污染這個(gè)話題;隨后,作者闡述了黑暗的重要性;最后,作者建議人類反思自己在宇宙中的位置。
50.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句內(nèi)容可以推斷出,我們?nèi)祟惲?xí)慣于生活在日光下,不習(xí)慣夜晚的黑暗。
51.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)前面的句子“Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight...”可推斷出,此處的代詞it指的是“夜晚”。
52.B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句和第五段第二句可推斷,作者提到鳥類和青蛙是為了說明光污染是如何影響動(dòng)物的。
53.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可以推斷出,作者認(rèn)為人類應(yīng)該反思自己在宇宙中的位置。
54.C　主旨大意題。文章主要說明人類在夜晚開啟的各種各樣的燈使得城市變成了不夜城,光污染隨之出現(xiàn)。C項(xiàng)“消失的夜晚”非常形象生動(dòng)地揭示了問題所在。
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文為記敘文。作者一開始極力反對(duì)養(yǎng)狗,因?yàn)檎缱髡咚A(yù)料的那樣,照顧狗的日常生活最終落到她的頭上。但是,逐漸地,作者和狗建立起深厚的友誼和親情。在丈夫患病期間,與狗一起散步成為作者減壓的有效方式。作者從狗身上看到了單純的快樂和生活的希望。
55.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“BecauseIdon’thavetimetotakecareofadog.”可知,作者一開始不同意養(yǎng)狗,是因?yàn)樽髡邠?dān)心照顧狗的差事最終落到自己頭上。
56.D　句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,作者的擔(dān)心不是多余的,從第二天開始,照顧狗的任務(wù)就落到作者頭上。這只名為Misty的狗對(duì)于家里的三個(gè)人的性格摸得很透。這句話大概描述了狗的心思:這位女士是家中最善良最值得信賴的人。
57.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段對(duì)于狗的描述可以推斷出,這只狗非常聰明。另外,可采用排除法,B、C兩項(xiàng)沒有提到或無法看出,根據(jù)第三段第二句可知,第一天每個(gè)人都想遛狗,排除D項(xiàng),故選A項(xiàng)。
58.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知,2007年,作者的丈夫喬得了白血病,這對(duì)于作者一家人來說是命運(yùn)和人生的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。
59.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第八段內(nèi)容可以推斷出,作者在中斷了一段時(shí)間后,繼續(xù)領(lǐng)著狗去散步,因?yàn)檫@種做法帶給她很大的精神安慰。
60.C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知,作者通過這個(gè)故事想要表達(dá)的是:在逆境中尋找歡樂,前面總會(huì)有希望。
61~65 EFDCA
短文改錯(cuò)
My old classroom was interesting because three sidesidesof the classroom were made fromofglass.I enjoyed sitsittingclose to the windows and looking at the view.On the left-hand side of the class,I could easyeasilysee the football field.In the mornings,it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom iswasalso splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around themit.Farther in the distance,I could
not
enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in ∧ahurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with its view made me feltfeellike I was dreaming.IfAlthough/ThoughI was only a child when I studied in that classroom,I will never forget it.
書面表達(dá)
Onepossiblestudentversion:
WhenIHaveaDifferentOpinion?
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.When I have a better idea,I would choose to stick to it.By doing so,I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.
Once we were discussing where to go for an outing.Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.We did have a good time that day.Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all.
Analternativestudentversion:
WhenIHaveaDifferentOpinion?
We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.When I have a different opinion,I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.
The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism,I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum,but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.Without hesitation,I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.


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