2022年九年級中考英語語法知識梳理一般過去時 一般過去時一般過去時表示在過去的時間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與過去時間yesterday,this morning,just now,a moment ago,in May,last night/year/week,once upon a time,the other day,in the past等連用。如:What did you do yesterday?昨天你干了什么?I met Lin Tao this morning.今天上午我遇到了林濤。I was there a moment ago.剛才我在那里。1.一般過去時謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式(1)be動詞的一般過去時謂語動詞用was,were。如:He was ten years old three years ago.三年前他十歲。They were afraid to go out at night then.那時他們夜晚不敢出門。注意:was用于主語是第一人稱和第三人稱單數(shù)的句子中,were用于主語是第二人稱單數(shù)及各人稱復(fù)數(shù)的句子中。(2)be動詞一般過去時一般疑問句、否定句、特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)及一般疑問句的答語:■一般疑問句為:將was/were 放在句子開頭,且首字母要大寫,句末用問號。■肯定回答為:Yes,+主語的相應(yīng)代詞+was或were;■否定回答為:No,+主語的相應(yīng)代詞+wasn't或weren't;■否定句為:在was或were后加not。was和were可以和not縮寫為wasn't,weren't。■特殊疑問句為:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+……?如:— Were you at home last night?昨晚你在家嗎?(一般疑問句)— Yes,I was.是的,我在家。/No,I wasn't.不,我不在家。(肯定、否定回答)— Was your mother at home yesterday?你媽媽昨天在家嗎?(一般疑問句)— Yes,she was.是的,她在家。/No,she wasn't.不,她不在家。(肯定、否定回答)They weren't at the park this morning.今天早上他們不在公園。(否定句)Where were you last night?昨晚你在哪里?(特殊疑問句)(3)實義動詞的一般過去時謂語動詞用過去式。如:They arrived a few minutes ago.他們是幾分鐘之前到達的。She bought a new bike yesterday.她昨天買了一輛新自行車。(4)實義動詞一般過去時一般疑問句、否定句、特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)及一般疑問句的答語:■一般疑問句為:將Did放在句子開頭,且首字母要大寫,謂語動詞用原形,句末用問號。■肯定回答為:Yes,+主語的相應(yīng)代詞+did;■否定回答為:No,+主語的相應(yīng)代詞+didn't;■否定句為:did not+動詞原形。did not可以縮寫為didn't。■特殊疑問句為:特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+……?如:— Did he tell you the story?他給你講那個故事了嗎?(一般疑問句)— Yes,he did.是的,講了。/No,he didn't.不,沒有講。(肯定、否定回答)— Did your parents come to the meeting?你父母來參加會議了嗎?(一般疑問句)— Yes,they did.是的,來了。/No,they didn't.不,沒有來。(肯定、否定回答)The students didn't have a picnic last Sunday.上星期天那些學(xué)生沒有吃野餐。(否定句)What did they do last night?昨天晚上他們干什么了?(特殊疑問句)2.一般過去時的用法(1)表示過去某個確定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)用一般過去時。常與一般過去時連用的時間狀語有:last year/month/week/night去年/上月/上周/昨晚,yesterday昨天,just now剛才,in 2008在2008年,at that time當(dāng)時,at that moment 在那時,the other day不久前某一天,a few days ago 幾天前,in the old days 在過去的歲月里等。如:She was a little girl at that time.她那時候是個小姑娘。I received two letters from home last week.上周我收到了兩封家信。They left an hour ago.他們一小時前離開了。He bought the computer five years ago.他是五年前買的這臺電腦。It was then a small fishing village.那時它只是一個小漁村。We went to the cinema last night.昨晚我們?nèi)タ措娪傲恕?/span>We often played together when we were children.我們小時候常在一起玩。注意:①表示過去的一系列動作,盡管有先后,都用一般過去時,最后兩個動詞之間用 and 連接。如:He stood up,looked around and left.他站起來,環(huán)顧了一下四周,然后就離開了。②過去的習(xí)慣動作,常與時間狀語every day,seldom,usually等連用。如:Every day I took a walk when I lived in the countryside.我住在鄉(xiāng)下時每天早上都散步。③在before和after引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,已經(jīng)表明了時間的先后,所以可用一般過去時來代替過去完成時。如:He said nothing before he saw Mr.Smith.看到史密斯之前,他什么話都沒說。He had said nothing before He saw Mr.Smith.(2)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。此時常與always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day,once a week等時間狀語連用。在翻譯時常常加上“過去”。如:I never came to school late.我過去上學(xué)從不遲到。Zhang Yan often helped me out when we were middle school students.在中學(xué)時張燕經(jīng)常幫我克服困難。(3)在現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中,since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句常用一般過去時。如:You haven't changed much since we last met.自從上次我們見面以來,你變化不大。It's three years since he went abroad.他出國三年了。It's a long time since he was ill.他生病很長時間了。I haven't found any job since I was out of work.自我失業(yè)以來,我一直沒有找到工作。(4)在賓語從句中,由于時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的關(guān)系,可用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在。即在賓語從句中,主句用了過去時態(tài),從句用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。如:I didn't know you were here.我不知道你在這兒。(were實際上指現(xiàn)在)I didn't know you were so busy.我沒想到你這么忙。(were實際上指現(xiàn)在)(5)描述過去特定時間一次完成的有先后順序的幾個動作,此時經(jīng)常不出現(xiàn)表示過去的時間狀語,需要通過語境斷定。如:Tom was late.He opened the door quietly,moved in and walked carefully to his seat.湯姆來晚了。他悄悄打開門進去,小心翼翼地走到自己的位子上。(6)追述逝去的人或事,常用一般過去時。如:Qian Xuesen was one of the greatest scientists in our country.錢學(xué)森是我們國家最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。Grandpa often told me stories about his times.爺爺常給我講他那個時代的故事。(7)used to do表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或行為狀態(tài)。如:We used to spend our vacations in the mountains.我們過去常常在山區(qū)度假。(暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在山上度假了)He used to go to work by bus.他過去常乘公共汽車去上班。He used to be a good student.他過去是個好學(xué)生。There used to be many trees on the hill.山上過去有許多樹。(8)在含有虛擬語氣的句子中,if條件句要用一般過去時表示假設(shè)的情況。如:If I had one million dollars,I would give it to the charity.如果我有一百萬美元,我就把它捐獻給慈善事業(yè)。If I had the money now I'd buy a car.假若我現(xiàn)在有錢,我就買輛小汽車。I wondered if you were free this evening.我想知道您今晚是否有空。I thought you might like some flowers.我想您也許想要些花。