2022年九年級中考英語語法知識梳理被動語態(tài) 語態(tài)是謂語動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中的語態(tài)分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，或者說主語是動作的對象，即主語是謂語動詞的邏輯賓語。如：We clean the room every day.我們每天打掃房間。（we是clean的執(zhí)行者）The room is cleaned every day.房間每天都打掃。（room是clean的對象）注意： 由于被動語態(tài)的主語是謂語動詞的邏輯賓語，因此只有及物動詞才可能有被動語態(tài)；不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)是：助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞。be本身無詞義，但有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。被動語態(tài)和主動語態(tài)一樣，也有各種時態(tài)。不同的時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞形式又有所不同。1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：Our classroom is cleaned everyday.我們的教室每天都會被打掃。I am asked to study hard.我被要求努力學(xué)習(xí)。Knives are used for cutting things.刀是用來割東西的。注意： am用于第一人稱單數(shù)I之后；is用于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)名詞或代詞之后；are用于第二人稱單數(shù)及各人稱復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞之后。2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：A new shop was built last year.去年一個新的商店建好了。Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.恐龍蛋是很久很久以前下的。注意： was用于第一人稱單數(shù)I和第三人稱單數(shù)名詞或代詞之后；were用于主語是第二人稱單數(shù)及各人稱復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞之后。3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：will/shall+be+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：A new hospital will be built in our city.在我們城市將要建一座新的醫(yī)院。Many more trees will be planted next year.明年將要再植許多樹。4.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：have/has+been+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：This book has been translated into many languages.這本書已被翻譯成許多種語言。Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.許多國家已經(jīng)發(fā)射了人造衛(wèi)星進入太空。5.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：am/is/are+being+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：My bike is being repaired by Tom now.湯姆正在修理我的自行車。Trees are being planted over there by them.他們正在那里植樹。6.過去將來時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)過去將來時的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：should/would+be+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.我們被告知人們將在他家鄉(xiāng)建一個大水庫。He said that the meeting would be held next week.他說會議將于下周舉行。7.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)過去進行時的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：was/were+being+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：He said that the man was being operated on.他說那個人正在動手術(shù)。He told me that a new station was being built there.他告訴我說那里正在建一個新車站。8.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)過去完成時的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：had+been+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：He said that the work had been finished .他說工作已經(jīng)完成了。When I got to the theater，I found the tickets had already been sold out.當(dāng)我到達劇院時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)票已經(jīng)賣完了。9.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)是：情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：Young trees must be watered often.小樹必須經(jīng)常澆水。Your mistakes should be corrected right now.你的錯誤應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上改正。The door may be locked inside.門可能從里面反鎖了。Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.你的作業(yè)可以明天交。10.動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：to+be+及物動詞的過去分詞。如：There are two books to be read .有兩本書要看。There are twenty more trees to be planted .有二十棵樹要栽。11.特殊形式的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)（1）含有be going to結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)：be going to+be+過去分詞。表示“……打算被做”。如：The plan is going to be carried out next week.該計劃準備下周實施。（2）have/has/had to結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)：have/has/had to+be+過去分詞，表示“不得不被做”。如：The news has to be kept secret.這個消息必須保密。The work will have to be done with great care.這項工作不得不小心處理。（3）be+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)：be+to+be+過去分詞。表示“按照計劃、規(guī)定、要求必須被做”。The book is to be published next year.這本書明年將出版。A new computer center is to be set up very soon.一個新的計算機中心很快就會建立。（4）be sure+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)：be sure+to+be+過去分詞。表示“一定會被做”。如：These difficulties are sure to be overcome .這些困難一定會被克服。This problem is sure to be considered as the most serious.這個問題一定會被看作是最嚴重的。（5）“be about+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)：be about+to+be+過去分詞。表示“眼下將要被做”。如：The car is about to be repaired .這輛汽車馬上就要修了。The work is about to be finished .工作馬上就做好了。語態(tài)是謂語動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中的語態(tài)分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，或者說主語是動作的對象，即主語是謂語動詞的邏輯賓語。如：We clean the room every day.我們每天打掃房間。（we是clean的執(zhí)行者）The room is cleaned every day.房間每天都打掃。（room是clean的對象）注意： 由于被動語態(tài)的主語是謂語動詞的邏輯賓語，因此只有及物動詞才可能有被動語態(tài)；不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 被動語態(tài)的用法1.動作的執(zhí)行者不明確用被動語態(tài)當(dāng)我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。如：The glass is broken.玻璃杯被打破了。Letters are collected at eight every morning.每天早晨八點收取信件。His bike has been stolen.他的自行車被人偷走了。2.動作的承受者是談話的中心時用被動語態(tài)為了強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者，使動作的承受者成為談話的中心時用被動語態(tài)。如：The desk was made by Master Wang.這張課桌是王師傅做的。The bag was taken away by his sister.那個口袋是她姐姐提走的。The man was hit by a speeding car.這人被一輛超速的車撞倒了。The plan has already been made.計劃已經(jīng)制訂好了。3.句法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要（1）在上下文中，為了使句子間連接緊密時常用被動語態(tài)。如：I have a new motorbike.It was given to me as a birthday present by my father.我有輛新摩托車。它是父親送給我的生日禮物。（2）在新聞報道中，為了表明報道的客觀性而避免主觀性的透露時常用被動語態(tài)。如：A car accident happened on the high way this morning.Three men were killed，the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event.今天早晨高速公路上發(fā)生了一起車禍，三人喪生，傷員馬上被送往醫(yī)院，并立即派了警察去處理這一事件。（3）在科技論文中，常使用被動語態(tài)來強調(diào)客觀事實。如：When it is cold enough，water will be turned into ice.當(dāng)天氣足夠冷時，水就會變成冰。So far，the moon has been visited by earthmen several times.到目前為止，地球人已經(jīng)幾次拜訪了月亮。（4）有些習(xí)慣用法常以被動語態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。如：I am determined to do better than Mike.我決心比邁克做得更好。We should be devoted to what we do.我們應(yīng)致力于我們所做的工作。I 'm very interested in fine arts.我對美術(shù)非常感興趣。She was seated by the window.她坐在窗戶旁。He is dressed very well.他穿得很得體。Marcia was born in Malaysia in 1995.瑪西婭1995年出生于馬來西亞。[歌訣巧記] 被動語態(tài)用法巧記歌訣：誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒必要；突出承受者或禮貌，用被動語態(tài)錯不了。語態(tài)是謂語動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中的語態(tài)分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，或者說主語是動作的對象，即主語是謂語動詞的邏輯賓語。如：We clean the room every day.我們每天打掃房間。（we是clean的執(zhí)行者）The room is cleaned every day.房間每天都打掃。（room是clean的對象）注意： 由于被動語態(tài)的主語是謂語動詞的邏輯賓語，因此只有及物動詞才可能有被動語態(tài)；不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換主動語態(tài)的句子可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的句子。在由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要注意被動語態(tài)中的人稱和數(shù)要與被動語態(tài)的謂語動詞保持一致；被動語態(tài)要與主動語態(tài)的時態(tài)保持一致。主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換主要有以下幾種情況。1.“主+謂+賓”結(jié)構(gòu)（1）把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z；（2）把主動句的謂語動詞變?yōu)?/span>be+過去分詞形式；（3）把主動句的主語放到介詞by后面組成介詞短語，置于被動句后作狀語。Taotao broke the window yesterday.昨天濤濤打破了那扇窗子。→The window was broken by Taotao yesterday.那扇窗子是濤濤昨天打破的。His speech moved us deeply.他的講話使我們深受感動。→We were deeply moved by his speech.我們被他的講話深深感動了。注意：①被動語態(tài)中的by短語在意思明確的情況下可以省略。如：A new law has been passed.一項新的法律已被通過。Many people were killed in the war.戰(zhàn)爭中有許多人喪生。②主動語態(tài)如果是帶no的否定句，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時常常用no，neither或never等。如：No one has ever beaten the boy at tennis.在網(wǎng)球比賽中沒有人打敗過那個男孩。→The boy has never been beaten at tennis.在網(wǎng)球比賽中那個男孩從未被打敗過。③否定句中帶有any構(gòu)成的不定代詞，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，主語用由no構(gòu)成的否定代詞。如：We didn't notice anything special in his work.我們沒有注意到他工作中特殊的地方。→Nothing special was noticed in his work.他工作中沒什么特殊的地方被注意到。2.“主+謂+間賓+直賓”結(jié)構(gòu)及物動詞buy，give，borrow，lend，send，bring，take，ask，teach，show，offer，tell，sell，pay等在句中常常帶雙賓語，一個指人，一個指物。指人的叫間接賓語，簡稱間賓；指物的叫直接賓語，簡稱直賓。含有雙賓語的句子由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常只將其中一個賓語作為被動語態(tài)的主語。其變化規(guī)則為：（1）將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，直接賓語保留在動詞后不變。如：They offered me a job in the company.他們在公司里給我提供了一份工作。→I was offered a job in the company.Li Hua showed me his new shoes.李華給我看他的新鞋子。→I was shown his new shoes by Li Hua.（2）將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，謂語動詞與間接賓語之間要加上介詞to或for。如：Father gave me a nice present.爸爸給了我一件精美的禮物。→A nice present was given to me by Father.Mr.Lin booked me a room in the hotel.林先生在旅店給我訂了個房間。→A room was booked for me by Mr.Lin in the hotel.注意：①間接賓語前加to 的動詞有：bring，give，hand，pay，lend，offer，pass，post，send，show，take，teach，tell，throw，write等；②間接賓語前加for的動詞有：buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save，book（預(yù)訂）等。③只用直接賓語作為被動語態(tài)的主語的動詞：bring，do，make，pass，sell，sing，telegraph，write等。如：He wrote her a letter.他給她寫了一封信。→A letter was written to her by him.My sister made me a doll.我姐姐給我做了一個玩具。→A doll was made for me by my sister.④用間接賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語的動詞有：answer，refuse，save，spare等。如：He answered me the question.他回答了我那個問題。→I was answered the question by him.3.“主+謂+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)含有復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓語補足語）的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而主動句中的賓語補足語保留不動，成為主語補足語。常見動詞有：call，make，choose，regard，name，believe，paint，think等。如：We painted the wall white.我們把墻漆成白色。→The wall was painted white by us.墻被我們漆成了白色。I saw the boys playing by the river just now.我剛才還見那些男孩在河邊玩耍。→The boys were seen playing by the river just now.剛才那些男孩還被看見在河邊玩耍。Someone found the windows broken.有人發(fā)現(xiàn)窗子被打破了。→The windows were found broken.窗子被發(fā)現(xiàn)打破了。注意：①感官動詞see，watch，feel，hear，notice，listen to，look at等和使役動詞have，make等后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時要加上to。如：They heard Alice sing a moment ago.他們剛才聽見了艾麗絲唱歌。→Alice was heard to sing a moment ago.剛才聽到艾麗絲在唱歌。They made me work without rest.他們逼我不停地干活。→I was made to work without rest.我被迫不停地干活。②動詞help后接不定式作賓語補足語時，to可省也可保留，但變被動語態(tài)時要保留to，如：My brother helped me （to）wash my clothes.我哥哥幫我洗衣服。→I was helped by my brother to wash my clothes.我被哥哥幫助洗衣服。4.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)（1）有些短語動詞在意義上相當(dāng)于及物動詞，也有被動語態(tài)。這些短語動詞在主動句中是搭配緊湊且不可分割的詞組，所以在變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r不可丟掉原短語中的介詞或副詞。如：They often laugh at the old man.他們常常嘲笑那位老人。→The old man was often laughed at.那位老人常遭人嘲笑。We have sent for a doctor.我們已派人去請醫(yī)生了。→A doctor has been sent for.已派人去請醫(yī)生了。You must hand in papers at 3 o'clock.你們必須在三點鐘交試卷。→Papers must be handed in at 3 o'clock.試卷必須在三點鐘交。（2）在“動詞+名詞+介詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)中，這個名詞也可以變成被動句的主語，也就是說，這種結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種變?yōu)楸粍泳涞姆椒āＨ纾?/span>People paid no attention to me.人們沒有注意到我。→No attention was paid to me.→I was paid no attention to.Young men must make full use of time.年輕人必須充分利用時間。→Time must be made full use of by young men.→Full use must be made of time by young men.You should take good care of children.你應(yīng)當(dāng)照顧好孩子們。→Children should be taken good care of （by you）.→Good care should be taken of children （by you）.注意：此類短語動詞主要有：make contributions to對……作出貢獻，make fun of 取笑，make preparations for為……做好準備，make use of利用，take care of照顧，take notice of注意到，pay attention to注意，set fire to放火等。5.祈使句的被動語態(tài)有時部分祈使句也可變?yōu)楸粍邮健？隙ǖ钠硎咕涞谋粍诱Z態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：Let+賓語+be+過去分詞；否定的祈使句的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：Don't+let+賓語+be+過去分詞（或Let+賓語+not+be+過去分詞）。如：Open the door.打開門。→Let the door be opened.Let them clean the room.叫他們打掃房間。→Let the room be cleaned.Let us do it at once.讓我們立即開始。→Let it be done at once.Don't let her do such a thing.不要讓她做這種事。→Don't let such a thing be done by her.6.賓語從句的被動語態(tài)主動句是含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句，在變成被動句時，常用it作形式主語，把主動句中的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，原賓語從句不動。如：They believe that the meeting is a success.他們相信會議是成功的。→It is believed that the meeting is a success.Someone said that the story was false.據(jù)說這個故事是假的。→It was said that the story was false.People say that he has died.據(jù)說他死了。→It is said that he has died.They think that he has made great progress。他們認為他大有進步。→It is thought that he has made great progress.→He is thought to have made great progress.注意：①如果賓語從句是“主語+及物動詞+賓語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語從句也可以變成被動語態(tài)。My sister told me that Mother scolded her yesterday.妹妹對我說昨天母親斥責(zé)她了。I was told that my sister was scolded by Mother yesterday.②能接這類賓語從句的動詞有：believe，consider，expect，know，report，suppose，think等。語態(tài)是謂語動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語中的語態(tài)分主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，或者說主語是動作的對象，即主語是謂語動詞的邏輯賓語。如：We clean the room every day.我們每天打掃房間。（we是clean的執(zhí)行者）The room is cleaned every day.房間每天都打掃。（room是clean的對象）注意： 由于被動語態(tài)的主語是謂語動詞的邏輯賓語，因此只有及物動詞才可能有被動語態(tài)；不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。 使用被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題1.by短語的正確使用（1）by短語的位置。在被動語態(tài)中，by短語通常緊隨在被動語態(tài)謂語動詞之后；在含有時間狀語和地點狀語的句子中，by短語通常放在地點狀語之后，時間狀語之前。如：The model plane was made by my brother .這個飛機模型是我哥哥做的。The books were put into the box by the monitor .書是班長放進箱子里的。She was seen in the street by us yesterday.昨天我們在街上看到她了。（2）by短語的省略。①當(dāng)不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，by短語省略不用。如：Our school was set up fifty years ago.我們學(xué)校是五十年前建成的。（不知道誰是執(zhí)行者）②當(dāng)沒有必要指出或不想說出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，by短語通常省略。如：Your homework should be handed in early tomorrow.你的作業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)明天一早交上。（上下文已暗示出動作的執(zhí)行者，沒必要再做重復(fù)）③當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時通常省略by短語。如：She was noticed to come late again.有人注意到她又遲到了。（動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指）注意：下列情況by短語不可省略：①當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者是話題中心時不可省略。如：The classroom was cleaned by Green，not by Jane.教室是格林打掃的，不是簡打掃的。②若省略by短語意義模糊時，則不可省略。如：English is spoken by many people.很多人說英語。2.不用被動語態(tài)的6種情況（1）某些謂語動詞在句中為連系動詞時，不用被動語態(tài)。如：He looked fine.他看上去氣色好。The food tastes delicious.這食物味道很好。（2）謂語動詞為不及物動詞或不及物的短語動詞時，不用被動語態(tài)。如：The war broke out in the end.戰(zhàn)爭終于爆發(fā)了。I happened to meet him there.我碰巧在那兒見到了他。（3）賓語為動詞不定式、動詞的-ing 形式或從句，表示主語的一些想法、愛好或愿望時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如：He decided to go with us.他決定跟我們一起去。I want to buy a computer.我想買一臺電腦。（4）賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如：We should help each other .我們應(yīng)該相互幫助。He thinks of himself too much.他為自己想得太多。（5）賓語是表示處所、地點時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如：We will reach the station in two hours.我們再過兩個小時就會到站了。He has gone to London now.他去倫敦了。（6）謂語部分（動詞與賓語）是一個不可分割的動詞短語時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如：The ship set sail this morning.這艘輪船今天早晨起航了。He saw the doctor yesterday evening.他昨天晚上看了醫(yī)生。3.主動形式表示被動意義的3種情況（1）有些不及物動詞形式上雖為主動，但表示被動意義。如：The plan worked out successfully.計劃進行得很成功。the plan was worked out successfully.The book sells well.這本書銷路好。This shirt will wear very long.這件襯衫可以穿很久。Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。The parcel carries easily.包裹容易搬運。The fields flooded.田野被洪水淹沒。Ripe oranges peel easily.成熟的橙子很容易削皮。注意：這類動詞常見的有：lock，shut，open，move，read，write，sell，wash，clean，catch，cut等。（2）有些動詞的進行時，形式上是主動，但含被動的意義。如：The book is printing.=The book is being printed.這本書正在印刷中。The house is building.=The house is being built.這棟房子正在建造中。The drum is beating.=The drum is being beaten.鼓正敲著。（3）有些介詞短語作表語時，主動形式表示被動意義。如：The question is now under discussion.這個問題正在被討論。The fire was finally under control.大火最終被控制住了。All these temples are under repairs.所有這些古廟正在修復(fù)中。The project is in the charge of a Japanese expert.這項工程由一位日本專家負責(zé)。4.被動形式表示主動意義的2種情況（1）某些“動詞+反身代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動意義。如：She usually dresses herself in white.她通常穿白色衣服。The boy seated himself by the window。小男孩坐在窗戶旁。（2）有些不及物動詞的過去分詞，如gone，come，fallen，returned，retired，graduated等作表語時，表示主動意義。如：Winter is gone and spring is come.冬天走了，春天來了。The ground is covered with fallen leaves.地面蓋滿了落葉。Next year I will be graduated.明年我就要畢業(yè)了。My parents have already been retired.我父母已經(jīng)退休了。5.“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)既可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，又可以是被動語態(tài)。其主要區(qū)別是被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作，系表結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)狀態(tài)。（1）從形式上來看，被動語態(tài)往往接by施動者，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)往往有固定的搭配。如be connected with，be separated from，be covered with，be interested in，be surprised at，be satisfied with，be concerned about等。I was interested in what you showed me.我對你所展示的感興趣。（被動語態(tài)）We were surprised at the unexpected news.我們對這個意外的消息感到驚訝。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）注意：句中有“by+人”時，多為被動語態(tài)；而“by+物”時，多屬系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The house was surrounded by the police.這房子被警察包圍了。（被動語態(tài)）The house was surrounded by trees.這房子四周都是樹。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示靜止的狀態(tài)）（2）從時態(tài)上來看，被動語態(tài)中be的時態(tài)要與動作發(fā)生的時間一致；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)的be只有一般現(xiàn)在時或完成時，表示目前或過去的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。如：This window was broken by Kate yesterday.這窗戶是凱特昨天打破的。（被動語態(tài)）This glass is broken.這塊玻璃是破的。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)，指目前的狀態(tài)）（3）從句中的狀語來看，過去分詞前有well，very，quite等副詞修飾的是系表結(jié)構(gòu)；若句中有時間、方式或目的狀語時，一般為被動語態(tài)。The play is well written.這劇本寫得很好。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The play was written with great care.這劇本是非常用心地寫出來的。（被動語態(tài)，有方式狀語）（4）被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞必須是及物動詞，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞可以是gone，fallen，risen等不及物動詞。如：My pen is gone.我的鋼筆不見了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）The sun is risen.太陽升起來了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）6.常用表被動的固定句型（1）It is said that ...據(jù)說……（2）It is reported that ...據(jù)報道……（3）It is well known that ...眾所周知……（4）It is supposed that ...據(jù)推測……（5）It is suggested that ...有人建議……（6）It is generally considered that ...普遍認為……It is said that they have realized their wishes.據(jù)說他們已實現(xiàn)了他們的愿望。It is reported that the Underground Line will be built in our city in 2019.據(jù)報道我們城市將在2019年建地鐵。It is well known that everyone has his own dream as well as his own future.眾所周知的，每個人都有自己的夢想以及他自己的未來。It is supposed that there is no life on the moon.據(jù)推測，月球上沒有生命。It is suggested that we should hold the meeting next week.有人建議我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在下周舉行會議。It is generally considered that what you have done is wrong.人們普遍認為你所做的是錯誤的。 【習(xí)題速遞】1. A new road _____ near my school next year.A.builds B.will build C.is built D.will be built2.— Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him？— No problem！I think he _____ to think twice before starting.A.should be told B.can tellC.should tell D.can be telling3. It's reported that Jiangsu Grand Theatre _____ in September this year.A.completes B.is completedC.will complete D.will be completed4. He Jiang _____ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.A.invites B.invited C.is invited D.was invited5These rules are made _____ the disabled.A.protect B.protected C.to protect D.protecting6.More chances _____ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.A.provide B.are provided C.provided D.will provide【答案點撥】1.答案：D 句意：我家附近有一條新的公路明年將會建成。由next year 可知句子用一般將來時；由句意可知a new road和build之間是被動關(guān)系，用將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。故選D。2.答案：A 句意：“湯姆做作業(yè)一直很粗心。你幫幫他好嗎？”“沒問題。我想應(yīng)該告訴他三思而后行。”由句意可知he是告訴的對象，用被動語態(tài)；表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”用should，故選A。3.答案：D 句意：據(jù)報道，江蘇大劇院于今年九月份完工。由句中的時間this year可知用一般將來時；由句意可知用被動語態(tài)。故選D。4.答案：D 句意：上個月賀江被邀請在哈佛大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上作報告。根據(jù)last month可知用一般過去時態(tài)；由句意可知用被動語態(tài)，故選D。5.答案：C 句意：這些規(guī)則被制定出來以保護殘疾人。make后的不定式在被動語態(tài)中要加上to。故選C。6.答案：B 句意：如果分組學(xué)習(xí)的話，這就為學(xué)生們的互相學(xué)習(xí)提供了更多的機會。句子主語more chances是provide的承受者，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。故選B。 【語法專練 體驗中考】1. Children should _____ to be honest from a young age.A.educate B.be educated C.punish D.be punished2.— Mom，where is my model plane？— Oh，it _____ to Jenny yesterday.A.is lent B.lends C.was lent D.lent3. Mr.Anderson's car _____ last night.A.was stolen B.stolen C.stole D.is stolen4.It is said that the project connecting mainland and Hong Kong _____ soon.A.is completed B.has completedC.will complete D.will be completed5.— There aren't any libraries in our town，are there？— No，but it is said one _____ next year.A.will be built B.is built C.will build6.Emily is glad that she _____ for her honesty at that meeting.A.praises B.praised C.is praised D.was praised7. — China's 23rd Beidou Satelite _____ into space on June 12，2016.— As Chinese，we are proud of it.A.has sent B.is sent C.will send D.was sent8. Paper _____ first _____ about 2，000 years ago in China.A.is；creating B.is；created C.has；created D.was；created9.Now all Chinese couples _____ to have two children.A.allow B.allowed C.are allowed D.were allowed10. — Have you finished your report on green life？— Not yet.I'll make it if I _____ another two days.A.give B.am given C.will give D.will be given11.— Why does the earth look blue in space？— Because most of the earth's surface _____ by water.A.covers B.is covered C.cover D.are covered12.Football _____ to our school subjects last year.A.is added B.adds C.was added D.added【答案速遞】1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.C  

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