?三年（2019-2021）高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編
專題17 閱讀理解新題型
I． 閱讀理解七選五
一、2021年高考真題
1.【2021年新高考1卷】
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.??????1??????So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing （水管）worked.??????2??????Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, "Ouverture des portes,?"?in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame l don't have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight.??????3??????French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
??????4??????On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost ＄18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency （效率）. You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded.??????5??????When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.

【文章大意】作者通過(guò)親身體驗(yàn)，感受了法國(guó)高品質(zhì)的生活：高級(jí)公寓，美味食物，舒緩的生活節(jié)奏和每周35小時(shí)的工作時(shí)間。
【解析】1 ：F?？疾槎沃锌?。解題語(yǔ)句：前后句。分析題目可知，空后的So表明該空與空后句為因果邏輯關(guān)系，又根據(jù)空前句作者夫婦在法國(guó)度過(guò)了一周，可知，他們的目的是想體驗(yàn)法國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳睿运麄冏饬艘婚g公寓。故選F。
2 ：C。考查段中空。解題語(yǔ)句：前后句。分析題目可知，空前的plumbing，空后的building, lift是在介紹作者夫婦租住的公寓，與C選項(xiàng)中的kitchen和bed為同話題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C。
3 ：G?？疾槎沃锌铡＝忸}語(yǔ)句：空前句。分析題目可知，空前一句eat great food and never gain weight與G選項(xiàng)中so delicious that you don't need much of it構(gòu)成同義替換。故選G。
4 ：E?？疾槎问卓?。解題語(yǔ)句：空后句。分析題目可知，前文提到法國(guó)人與你我不同之處在于他們吃的食物很精致，攝入量很少，所以他們的體重不會(huì)增加，空后提到作者夫婦的一次經(jīng)歷，通過(guò)But they cost ＄18可知法國(guó)的食物很貴，這也是法國(guó)人食物攝入量少的另外一個(gè)原因。故選E。
5 ：A?？疾槎沃锌铡＝忸}語(yǔ)句：前后句。分析題目可知，空前always crowded提到咖啡館里人很多，且French cafe?s與A選項(xiàng)中的customers為同話題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，又根據(jù)空后When do these people work？以及The French可知咖啡館的顧客中不光有游客，也有法國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)厝?。故選A。

2.【2021年全國(guó)甲卷】
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources （資源） to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor???????1??????. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
? Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.??????2??????, and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
???????3??????. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
? Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.??????4??????. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them —things always look different when you put them on.
? Set a starting time. Maybe you say "go, " or turn on a certain song, or whatever.??????5??????. And don't forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A.Less people than that
B.Hold a clothing swap
C.If two people are competing
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition

【文章大意】：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了如何進(jìn)行舊衣服的分類和處理，以使衣服得到循環(huán)利用。
1 ：B?？疾檫^(guò)渡句?？蘸缶湟鉃檫@是最好的方法擺脫你的舊衣服，得分從你的朋友，并有一個(gè)聚會(huì)，所有在同一時(shí)間。此空前一句作者提出問(wèn)題：那么如何處理那些狀況良好但你又不喜歡的堆在臥室地板上的衣服呢？再結(jié)合下一段開(kāi)頭 "A successful swap一個(gè)成功的交換" ，故這里答案選B（舉辦服裝交換派對(duì)）。
2 ：A。考查過(guò)渡句。根據(jù)分號(hào)后面的句式 "more than that, and…" , 說(shuō)明空格應(yīng)該選和其一致的句式， "Less people than that" 正好對(duì)應(yīng)了此句式。帶入驗(yàn)證，翻譯：人比這少，可能沒(méi)有足夠的東西可供選擇；不僅如此，它變得無(wú)法控制?？芍稀９蔬xA。
3 ：G。考查開(kāi)頭句。根據(jù)空后 "They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home. " 他們還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備大量可重復(fù)使用的袋子，把 "新" 衣服帶回家。從also可以得知，大家應(yīng)該把衣服帶來(lái)，故選G。
4 ：F?？疾檫^(guò)渡句?？涨熬湟鉃榘巡煌愋偷囊路旁诜块g的不同地方?？蘸缶湟鉃樵谀愕姆块g周圍放幾面鏡子，這樣人們?cè)谠嚧r(shí)就能看到東西的樣子。由此推之，這里應(yīng)該是讓大家把各自的衣服放在房間合適的地方，故選F。
5 ：D。考查過(guò)渡句。此空前一句意為 "或許你可以說(shuō)開(kāi)始或者打開(kāi)某首歌曲或者別的什么"。由此可以推之，這里應(yīng)該是把音樂(lè)循環(huán)播放。故選D。

3.【2021年全國(guó)乙卷】
According to Jessica Hagy, author of?How to Be Interesting, it's not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
??????1??????, if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than "What do you do for a living? ", you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you're talking to.??????2??????, it can bring in "I have this old, broken-down vehicle" or "I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back." It just opens up conversation.
??????3??????? If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox（講臺(tái)）. If you're the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.??????4??????.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment （贊揚(yáng)）.??????5??????. Just quickly turn around and say, "This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it."
So being interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard.
A.How do you know the host
B.The first step is to go exploring
C.If you ask the question "How did you get here?"
D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了在宴會(huì)上如何使自己變得有趣、避免尷尬和沉默的一些具體做法，如積極地提出問(wèn)題，贊美主人等。
【解析】1 ：B?？疾槎问卓铡＝忸}語(yǔ)句：空后段落內(nèi)容。分析題目可知，空后的內(nèi)容out of your comfort zone, show up and be adventurous與B選項(xiàng)中g(shù)o exploring構(gòu)成同義替換。故選B。
2 ：C。考查段中空。解題語(yǔ)句：空后一句。分析題目可知，空后vehicle和bus均為交通方式，又結(jié)合前文start the conversation with a question可知，該空應(yīng)為提問(wèn)客人是如何到達(dá)的。故選C。
3 ：F?？疾槎问卓铡＝忸}語(yǔ)句：空后一句。分析題目可知，空后一句can't take their wine away與F選項(xiàng)中too much to drink構(gòu)成同義替換以及take away their soapbox與F選項(xiàng)中won't stop talking構(gòu)成同義替換。故選F。
4 ：E。考查段尾空。解題語(yǔ)句：空前一句。分析題目可知，前文if you're the host, you can…是在對(duì)應(yīng)付飲酒過(guò)量或話很多的一類人提出的一種處理方式，E選項(xiàng)…?where they have little to say是在提出另外一種解決方式。故選E。
5 ：G。考查段中空。解題語(yǔ)句：空前一句。分析題目可知，前文提到碰到大家都沉默的情況下，緩解尷尬的方式是對(duì)主人提出贊揚(yáng)，空后給出具體方式。空前awkward silence與G選項(xiàng)awkwardness構(gòu)成同義替換，G選項(xiàng)中He or she指代前文host。故選G。

4.【2021年6月浙江卷】
You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall.??????1??????
"I often send postcards to family and friends, " he says to?China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it,??????2??????" Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online, Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直覺(jué)）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing. com, a social network that has grown to 575, 217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.??????3??????Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it.??????4??????So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to Engish.??????5??????That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing. " Paulo says.
A.And that's totally fine.
B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E.On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F.Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G.In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【文章大意】一位熱愛(ài)明信片的電腦工程師把這項(xiàng)熱愛(ài)發(fā)展成了他的全職事業(yè)，并介紹了一些寫(xiě)明信片的困難和益處。
【解析】1.G?？疾榕c上文的聯(lián)系。前文以具體形象的例子表現(xiàn)主人公對(duì)明信片的喜愛(ài)：loves open…and find a brightly colored picture of…，or…or…，這些brightly colored pictures正是明信片。因此，下一句進(jìn)行總結(jié)。In short簡(jiǎn)言之，就是上文的概括，概括為loves postcards and the excitement…喜歡明信片，喜歡收到遠(yuǎn)方朋友手寫(xiě)卡片的興奮感。故選G項(xiàng)。
2 ：A?？疾榍昂笪穆?lián)系。上文說(shuō) "你意識(shí)到并不是每個(gè)人都喜歡明信片"，下文說(shuō) "尋找其他志同道合的人……" 表示主人公接受上文所講事實(shí)，然后才能和有共同興趣的人繼續(xù)自己的愛(ài)好。A項(xiàng) "這完全沒(méi)問(wèn)題" 正是表示主人公接受這一點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。
3 ：E?？疾槎温渲髦己颓昂笪穆?lián)系。全段都在寫(xiě)主人公將自己的愛(ài)好發(fā)展成了一個(gè)成功的社交網(wǎng)站。前文的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)也和E項(xiàng)的數(shù)據(jù)銜接自然，都是在介紹這個(gè)網(wǎng)站的成功；同時(shí)，這些數(shù)據(jù)的量都很大，使得空白后 "運(yùn)營(yíng)這個(gè)網(wǎng)站幾乎成了全職工作" 成為必然的結(jié)果。故選E項(xiàng)。
4 ：F?？疾槎温渲髦己颓昂笪穆?lián)系。全段都在寫(xiě)對(duì)于寫(xiě)明信片來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)言可能是一個(gè)障礙。4空前是具體的論據(jù) "盡管收到一封用中文寫(xiě)的明信片很酷，但如果收信人不理解中文的話，這個(gè)明信片就沒(méi)什么意義" 。緊接著加F項(xiàng) "類似地，如果你只講中文，收到一封瑞典語(yǔ)的明信片也會(huì)讓樂(lè)趣大打折扣" 同樣都是對(duì)段落主旨的論證，而在銜接上用了similarly也很自然，故選F項(xiàng)。
5 ：B?？疾榕c上文的聯(lián)系。前文說(shuō) "很多中國(guó)人對(duì)英語(yǔ)的接觸有限"，這導(dǎo)致用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)明信片比較難，正是B項(xiàng)所說(shuō) "那使得學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)明信片尤其得難"。選項(xiàng)中That指代上文的句子；而句尾的it指代上一段段尾句English is required in postcrossing。B項(xiàng)與上文銜接緊密，故選B項(xiàng)。

二、2020年高考真題
1. 【2020·全國(guó)卷I】
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36. Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37. Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38. You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39.
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40. Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幾個(gè)自我接納的小技巧。
36.B 根據(jù)題目A Few Tips for Self-acceptance(自我接納的幾點(diǎn)建議)及下文的Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.(這有很多可以幫你找到正確方向的方法。)可知，選項(xiàng)B. Where do you start? (從哪里開(kāi)始那？)最合下文語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)。
37.F 根據(jù)下文Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.(你是否希望最終你會(huì)因?yàn)樽约旱纳畋人麄兊暮枚械接辛α浚恳?，你的生活是你自己的；你在這個(gè)世界上是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。)可知，本段主要講述不要把自己和別人作比較，因?yàn)樯钍俏覀冏约旱?，我們也是世界上?dú)一無(wú)二的。故F. Stop comparing yourself with others.(停止把自己和別人進(jìn)行比較。)可以作為本段中心句，故選F項(xiàng)。
38. D根據(jù)本文的中心句Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. (原諒自己所犯的錯(cuò)誤。)及下文的You will make mistakes, time and time again. (你會(huì)一次又一次地犯錯(cuò)誤。)可知，本句是在說(shuō)明要講自己看作一個(gè)普通人，普通人是會(huì)犯錯(cuò)的。選項(xiàng)D. Remember, you are only human.(記住，你只是個(gè)人。)與上下文銜接最好，故選D項(xiàng)。
39. C根據(jù)上文List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了學(xué)位，今天你拜托了困境。)可知，這些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得慶祝，即沒(méi)有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝的。故選C項(xiàng)。
40.A 結(jié)合上文Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself.(用語(yǔ)言來(lái)解釋為什么你覺(jué)得自己不值得，為什么你覺(jué)得自己不夠好。現(xiàn)在，自己讀一下這些話。)和下文的Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? (翻到你日記本上記下你的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和成就的那頁(yè)?？吹侥阌卸喟袅藛幔?可推知本句是在說(shuō)明“再次感到心煩意亂”的情況。選項(xiàng)A. Feeling upset again?(再次感覺(jué)心煩意亂了嗎？)最合上下文語(yǔ)境，故選A項(xiàng)。
2. 【2020·全國(guó)卷II】
Emoji(表情符號(hào)) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 36. . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37. , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38. . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲線). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(語(yǔ)氣). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39. . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.
40. , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了表情符號(hào)以及在工作交流所帶來(lái)的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
36.D 根據(jù)前句“In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.(在亞洲，即時(shí)通訊平臺(tái)正在迅速發(fā)展，無(wú)論是工作還是娛樂(lè)，都有數(shù)億用戶)”和后句“It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.(據(jù)報(bào)道，在一些西方國(guó)家，76%的員工在工作中使用表情符號(hào))”可知，前后句都說(shuō)明了即時(shí)通訊平臺(tái)受歡迎程度。所以選擇項(xiàng)D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. (這些平臺(tái)的受歡迎程度正在全球蔓延)符合題意。故選D。
37. A根據(jù)前句“Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(使用表情符號(hào)可以增加幽默和感情，保持明確的意圖)”和后半句“encouraging better and more frequent communication.(鼓勵(lì)更好更頻繁的交流)”可知，這里陳述使用表情符號(hào)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。所以選擇項(xiàng)A. Messages with Emojis feel more conversational. (使用表情符號(hào)的信息讓人感覺(jué)更健談)符合題意。故選A。
38.G 根據(jù)前句“In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication can be a challenge. (在任何一間辦公室，員工的年齡從22歲到70歲甚至更大，在交流中找到共同點(diǎn)可能是一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn))” 中關(guān)鍵詞句“employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,”與選擇項(xiàng)中“all work generations”是一致的。故選G。
39.B 根據(jù)前句“ Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (誰(shuí)沒(méi)有收到過(guò)毀掉了一整天的郵件呢？)”和后文介紹表情的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可知，這里陳述電子郵件的缺點(diǎn)。所以選擇項(xiàng)B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly. (即使是一封正式的電子郵件也會(huì)顯得冷淡和不友好)故選B。
40. F根據(jù)后句“and Emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. (并且表情符號(hào)可以直接促成這種積極的結(jié)果)”可知，這里陳述表情符號(hào)能給工作場(chǎng)所帶來(lái)的好處。所以選擇項(xiàng)F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace. (研究表明，更友好的溝通會(huì)帶來(lái)更快樂(lè)的工作場(chǎng)所)故選F。
3. 【2020·全國(guó)卷III】
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36. And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
37. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
38. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40. Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了喬遷聚會(huì)的目的，禮物的選取，活動(dòng)安排和名稱的由來(lái)。
36.E 上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(這個(gè)聚會(huì)是朋友和家人祝賀新家的機(jī)會(huì))。介紹慶祝喬遷之喜的聚會(huì)是親戚朋友祝賀搬新家的人的一次機(jī)會(huì)，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候用愛(ài)和希望的禮物來(lái)填補(bǔ)新家了)。介紹這也是給新家裝滿愛(ài)和希望禮物的好時(shí)機(jī)。E項(xiàng)：它也給了人們一次看看新家什么樣的機(jī)會(huì)。與上下句并列，都是慶祝喬遷之喜聚會(huì)的目的，故選E。
37. B下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列舉了參加聚會(huì)所帶禮物的清單，可以是廚房工具、窗簾、藝術(shù)品或綠植。這些都和參加聚會(huì)帶禮物有關(guān)，B項(xiàng)：帶禮物去參加喬遷派對(duì)是一種傳統(tǒng)，概括了本段內(nèi)容，引出下文，故選B。
38.C 本段介紹了聚會(huì)的活動(dòng)安排，根據(jù)后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn' t a lot of food served.(這一點(diǎn)通常是值得贊賞的，因?yàn)樵趩踢w派對(duì)上不會(huì)提供很多食物)。指出因?yàn)樾掳峒?，所以主人不?huì)準(zhǔn)備太豐盛的食物或太多的活動(dòng)。那么本句是在建議你可以帶上自己的食物或飲料與其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不會(huì)準(zhǔn)備太豐盛的食物或太多的活動(dòng)。C項(xiàng)：你也可以帶上食物或飲料與其他客人分享。故選C。
39. A本段提到在喬遷聚會(huì)上人們會(huì)聚餐，主人帶領(lǐng)客人參觀新家。上句提到，由于喬遷聚會(huì)是在搬進(jìn)新家后不久舉行的，人們可能會(huì)被要求幫助打開(kāi)箱子。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知在喬遷聚會(huì)上讓客人們幫忙干活是不常見(jiàn)的，A項(xiàng)：但這并不常見(jiàn)。表達(dá)了此意，與上文銜接，故選A。
40.G 上句介紹了喬遷聚會(huì)名稱的由來(lái)，根據(jù)bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人們會(huì)帶柴火作為禮物，那么本空承接上文說(shuō)明了帶柴火的目的和作用。G項(xiàng)：這樣人們就可以在冬天的時(shí)候保持家里溫暖。符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。
4. 【2020·山東卷】
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16. Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17. Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18.
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19. And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20. It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了成為好的演講者需要掌握的一些原則。
16.G 本文主題是介紹成為好的演講者要掌握的一些原則。上句提到有些人生來(lái)就有演講的天賦。G項(xiàng):然而，大多數(shù)人之所以能成為有影響的演講者，是因?yàn)樗麄兪苓^(guò)訓(xùn)練。與上句轉(zhuǎn)折，引出本文主題--演講者要訓(xùn)練。故選G。
17.A 下句Focus on the speaking.是本段主題，建議演講者把注意力集中在演講上。上句提到一種常見(jiàn)現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)站起來(lái)發(fā)表演講時(shí)，演講者往往會(huì)把注意力放在”公眾”上，而不是”演講”上。這是錯(cuò)誤的做法，A項(xiàng)Do the opposite.承上啟下，說(shuō)明了上句做法的錯(cuò)誤，引出了下句正確的做法。故選A。
18.C 本段提到即使成功的演講者也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤，觀眾不會(huì)太在意你的錯(cuò)誤。上句建議當(dāng)出錯(cuò)時(shí)不要停止演講，除非是非常嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng):你不需要為一個(gè)小失誤道歉。與上句承接，是對(duì)待演講出錯(cuò)的方法。故選C。
19. B本段是說(shuō)明練習(xí)的重要性。上句提到你的目標(biāo)不是成為一個(gè)完美的演說(shuō)家，下句應(yīng)該說(shuō)明目標(biāo)是什么。B. You want to be an effective public speaker.與上句銜接，是我們演講的真正目的。故選B。
20.D 下文提到觀眾并不是認(rèn)為演講越長(zhǎng)越好，根據(jù) Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.可知，作者建議讓演講比預(yù)期的短一點(diǎn)，給觀眾更多的期待勝過(guò)讓他們坐立不安地等待演講結(jié)束。D項(xiàng):公開(kāi)演講時(shí)，通常少就是多。說(shuō)明了演講時(shí)，多和少的辯證關(guān)系。故選D。
5. 【2020·浙江卷】
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31. His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 32. I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. 33.
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34. I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特點(diǎn)) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
35. My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G.My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者養(yǎng)成幾個(gè)生活習(xí)慣的原因。
31.G 設(shè)空在段中，應(yīng)是承前啟后句。根據(jù)后文“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine”可知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)提及“his”的身份，即G項(xiàng)中的“My elder brother”，且G項(xiàng)“我哥哥懶得和我一起玩”在此起到了承上啟下的作用。故選G項(xiàng)。故選G項(xiàng)。
32. D根據(jù)前句提到“我對(duì)文字的愛(ài)始于母親每天晚上給我讀故事的時(shí)候”可知，D項(xiàng)“我喜歡書(shū)中的彩色照片”和上句構(gòu)成進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。同時(shí)D項(xiàng)中的“書(shū)”指代上句提到的母親每天給我讀故事的書(shū)。D項(xiàng)切題。故選D項(xiàng)。
33.A 根據(jù)前句提到“閱讀為我打開(kāi)了新世界”可知，A項(xiàng)“我不在孤獨(dú)”和上句構(gòu)成了因果關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)切題。故選A項(xiàng)。
34.F 根據(jù)前句“當(dāng)我的母親看到我的創(chuàng)作時(shí)，她說(shuō)我的設(shè)計(jì)很有創(chuàng)意”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“于是，我開(kāi)始對(duì)制造東西產(chǎn)生了長(zhǎng)久的興趣”和上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，我正是在聽(tīng)了母親那句話后才開(kāi)始了對(duì)制造東西產(chǎn)生興趣。F項(xiàng)切題。故選F項(xiàng)。
35.E 根據(jù)后句“無(wú)論天氣或季節(jié)，我的父母都要讓他們的兩個(gè)孩子花時(shí)間在戶外”可知，E項(xiàng)“我很早養(yǎng)成的另一個(gè)習(xí)慣是去戶外”和前句表示因果邏輯。作者有去戶外的習(xí)慣是因?yàn)楹缶涮岬降母改傅挠绊?。E項(xiàng)切題。故選E項(xiàng)。



II．閱讀理解新題型
2021年3月天津卷
I've always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts（手工）and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.
Somewhere along the way, however, I lost touch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a job at a big insurance company out of my business degree. I would go to the office, sit at my desk and repeat the same work five days a week 9 to 5. The days were long and?tedious. Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.
One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. It was only a five-week course but it awakened my interest and got my confidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. I attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment（滿足感）.
I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision-leaving my job and studying my design course full time. Two years later I got my diploma.
The last few years have been exciting because I've been following my heart to do what I love. Today I am living a creative life as the designer of my own fashion brand.
Sometimes it's hard to make a change, but I'm so glad I set the wheels of change in motion with that very small first step because it has led me to where I am today.
1. What was the author interested in when she was a little girl? (no more than 10 words)
2. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 word)
3. How did the author feel when she was taking the part-time design course? (no more than 10 words)
4. What did the author do to get back to her creative life? Give two of the facts. (no more than 15 words)
5. Do you consider the author as your role model? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】
1.She was interested in arts, crafts and music./She was interested in creative things.
2.Boring./Dull./Uninteresting.
3.She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
4.She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course./She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.
5.Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes./ Yes, (I do). I'd like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she did./No, (I don't). I don't like changes and I want to live a secure life.

【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者堅(jiān)持做自己真正喜歡做的事情，最后取得了成功。
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容 "I've always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhood was filled with arts, crafts（手工）and music, and every day was an exciting adventure of creation.（從我還是一個(gè)小女孩的時(shí)候起，我就很有創(chuàng)造力。我的童年充滿了藝術(shù)、手工藝和音樂(lè)，每一天都是令人興奮的創(chuàng)作冒險(xiǎn)。）" 可知，從作者還是一個(gè)小女孩的時(shí)候起，她就對(duì)有創(chuàng)意的東西感興趣，對(duì)藝術(shù)、手工藝和音樂(lè)感興趣。故答案為：She was interested in arts, crafts and music./She was interested in creative things.

2詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線單詞所在句后句 "Working this way for one year was painful enough, let alone a lifetime. Before long I decided to make a change.（這樣工作一年已經(jīng)夠痛苦的了，更別說(shuō)一輩子了。不久我決定做出改變。）" 可知，作者現(xiàn)在的工作讓她感到痛苦，她并不喜歡這份工作。再根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容' "As it became clearer that fashion was what I wanted to do full time, the reality of my day-to-day work at the insurance company became harder. I felt bored. No energy, no motivation and zero fulfilment（滿足感）.（當(dāng)我越來(lái)越清楚地意識(shí)到時(shí)尚是我全職想要做的事情時(shí)，我在保險(xiǎn)公司的日常工作變得更加困難。我覺(jué)得無(wú)聊。沒(méi)有活力，沒(méi)有動(dòng)力，沒(méi)有滿足感。）" 可知，作者真正喜歡的是和時(shí)尚相關(guān)的工作，保險(xiǎn)公司的工作讓她感覺(jué)無(wú)聊。由此可知，畫(huà)線單詞所在句表示的是，在保險(xiǎn)公司工作的日子漫長(zhǎng)而乏味。故答案為：Boring./Dull/Uninteresting.

3考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容"As l dreamt bigger, l began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course. l attended classes two nights a week. Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.（當(dāng)我的夢(mèng)想更大的時(shí)候，我開(kāi)始研究時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)的大學(xué)課程，三個(gè)月后我報(bào)名參加了一個(gè)兼職設(shè)計(jì)課程。我每周上兩晚課。雖然很累，但它給了我活力、熱情和快樂(lè)。）"可知，在參加了兼職設(shè)計(jì)課程后，作者感覺(jué)充滿了活力、熱情和快樂(lè)。故答案為：She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.

4細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段關(guān)鍵句"One thing I had developed an interest in was sewing, so I took a sewing course at a community college. （我對(duì)縫紉產(chǎn)生了興趣，所以我在一所社區(qū)大學(xué)上了縫紉課。） "、第四段關(guān)鍵句" As I dreamt bigger, I began looking into college courses for Fashion Design and three months later I signed up for a part-time design course.（當(dāng)我的夢(mèng)想更大的時(shí)候，我開(kāi)始研究時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)的大學(xué)課程，三個(gè)月后我報(bào)名參加了一個(gè)兼職設(shè)計(jì)課程。）"和倒數(shù)第三段內(nèi)容"I knew I needed to make a bigger change. After struggling for quite a while, I made a difficult decision-leaving my job and studying my design course full time. （我知道我需要做出更大的改變。經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的掙扎，我做出了一個(gè)艱難的決定，離開(kāi)我的工作，并全職學(xué)習(xí)我的設(shè)計(jì)課程。兩年后我拿到了畢業(yè)證書(shū)。）可知，作者為了恢復(fù)她有創(chuàng)造力的生活，她參加了一個(gè)縫紉班，并參加了一個(gè)兼職設(shè)計(jì)課程，辭去了工作，去上時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)課，根據(jù)題目要求，從中選出兩點(diǎn)事實(shí)即可，不超過(guò)15個(gè)詞。故答案為：She quit/quitted her job and took the fashion-design course./She attended a sewing class and took a part-time design course.

5. 開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題，言之有理即可。參考答案：如果答案是肯定的，原因可以是"?She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes.（她有勇氣追隨自己的心，做自己真正喜歡的事。）"；如果答案是否定的，原因可以是"I don't like changes and I want to live a secure life.（我不喜歡變化，我想過(guò)安全的生活。）"。故答案為：Yes, (I do). She has the courage to follow her heart and do what she really likes./ Yes, (I do). I'd like to live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she did./No, (I don't). I don't like changes and I want to live a secure life.


2. 【2020·天津卷（一）】
閱讀短文, 按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。
I remember the day shyness took over my life. I was 14 and having a French lesson The teacher told us to record ourselves speaking about a holiday. Perfect！ I recorded myself with confidence. Then, I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.
My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（縮?。? Everyday interactions, like ordering a coffee, became increasingly awkward and uncomfortable.
And then, one day I was at a big conference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. Al speakers were confident, comfortable with being seen. There were no quieter voices. But the trouble is, if the loud voices are the only ones you hear, we quiet people feel even more alienated（疏遠(yuǎn)的）。 The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too. That day I chose to stop hiding and embrace my shyness. No more feeling like I needed to change who I am in order to succeed. No more living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward, bit by bit. Now, I'm happy to tell people I feel shy. I'm not ashamed any more. And I know that I’m not alone.
56. Why did the author feel strange about herself after listening to the recording? （no more than 10 words）
57. What is the main idea of Para.2? （no more than 10 words
58. What does the underlined word in Para.3 mean? （1 word）
59. Why did the author create the Shy and Mighty Society? （no more than 10 words）
60. Suppose you are in charge of the Shy and Mighty Society, what will you do to help other shy people? And why? （no more than 20 words）
【答案】
56. Because her voice was different from what she had expected.
Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking.
Or: Because of her little voice.
57. Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）
Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58. Accept.
Or: Welcome.
59. To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward.
Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60. I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident.
Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness.
Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。作者是一個(gè)害羞的人，害差使作者不敢參加活動(dòng)，并把自己封閉起來(lái)。后來(lái)作者接受了自己的害怕，并創(chuàng)建了Shy and Mighty Society，給像自己一樣害羞的人發(fā)光的空間，共同提高。
56. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I pressed "play" to listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reaction was to assume I was listening to someone else's recording. But that was my voice. I realised there was something strange about me.”可知，作者錄完音后，按下“播放”鍵來(lái)聽(tīng)，奇怪地聽(tīng)到一個(gè)小孩在說(shuō)話。作者的第一反應(yīng)是以為在聽(tīng)別人的錄音，但那是作者的聲音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因?yàn)樽约旱穆曇粜?，或?tīng)到一個(gè)小孩在說(shuō)話，或是感覺(jué)聽(tīng)到的不是自己期望的。故答案為：Because her voice was different from what she had expected. Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking. Or: Because of her little voice.
57. 段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段“My little voice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me to avoid attending events, not make important connections, and keep my ideas to myself. As a shy person, working from home, hiding behind my computer was brilliant. But the more time I spent hidden away, the more my comfort zone shrank（縮?。?” 可知作者的聲音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不參加活動(dòng)，不和別人交流。作者越隱藏自己，舒適區(qū)就越小。這些都說(shuō)明了害羞使作者隱藏，遠(yuǎn)離了別人，給作者帶來(lái)了壞影響。故答案為：Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact on her（life）. Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away. Or: Her shyness kept her away from other people.
58. 詞義猜測(cè)題。上句提到“The world needs a mixture of personalities. Success is not just about who can shout the loudest. The world needs quieter people, too.”表明作者感悟到這個(gè)世界需個(gè)性。成功不只是誰(shuí)喊得聲最大。世界也需要更安靜的人。根據(jù)“That day I chose to stop hiding”可知作者選擇不再躲藏，接受自己的害羞。embrace原意是“擁抱”，此處指“接受，迎接”，故答案為：Accept. Or: Welcome.
59. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Then I created the Shy and Mighty Society, a space for shy people like me to shine, and in the process of helping others, I could also push myself forward,”可知作者創(chuàng)建Shy and Mighty Society是為了給像自己一樣害羞的人發(fā)光的空間，在幫助別人的過(guò)程中，也可以推動(dòng)自己一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)前進(jìn)。故答案為：To help shy people（to shine） and push herself forward. Or: To help other shy people and herself.
60. 推理判斷題。作者創(chuàng)建Shy and Mighty Society是為了給像自己一樣害羞的人發(fā)光的空間，所以作為這個(gè)織的負(fù)責(zé)人應(yīng)該是組織活動(dòng)或分享克服害羞的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，用多種形式鼓勵(lì)他人戰(zhàn)勝害羞、增加自信、提高社交技能。故答案可以是：I will organize a speech contest so that they can walk out of their comfort zone and become more confident. Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them how I handle my shyness. Or: I will encourage them to take part in various activities to improve their social skills.
3. 【2020·天津卷（二）】
閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of “cool”.
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words)
_________________________
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? (no more than 15 words)
_________________________
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? (no more than 7 words)
_________________________
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? (no more than 10 words)
_________________________
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. (no more than 20 words)
_________________________
【答案】
56. Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. (How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者一直活在哥哥泰森的陰影下，他的哥哥很酷，所以他總是被忽略。但當(dāng)哥哥離開(kāi)去上大學(xué)，他獨(dú)自開(kāi)始學(xué)校生活時(shí)，通過(guò)加入學(xué)校的Science Olympiad，他找到了真正的自己，也按自己的理解重新定義了”酷”。
56. 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段的As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected one.可知，就像任何一個(gè)弟弟會(huì)告訴你的那樣，有一個(gè)大哥哥意味著走在別人的影子里，尤其是當(dāng)你有一個(gè)很“酷”的哥哥時(shí)。多年以來(lái)，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是無(wú)論我怎么努力，我總是被忽略的一個(gè)。根據(jù)句意，尤其是I was always the neglected one可推測(cè)，劃線部分的意思是“得不到關(guān)注/被忽略”。故填:Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. (但當(dāng)我們搬家時(shí)，一切都改變了。泰森去上大學(xué)了，所以我不得不獨(dú)自在一個(gè)新的學(xué)校開(kāi)始)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大學(xué)以及作者獨(dú)自開(kāi)始新學(xué)校的生活給了作者他新的開(kāi)始。故填:That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit Tyson’s definition of “cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did. (我一直對(duì)化學(xué)、生物和數(shù)學(xué)著迷，但因?yàn)檫@些興趣不符合泰森對(duì)“酷”的定義，所以我從來(lái)沒(méi)有追求過(guò)。這一天，出于某種原因，我參加了)可知，參加Science Olympiad隊(duì)是作者成長(zhǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗x擇不再做哥哥的“影子”。故填:Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
59. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)本段的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是Now I know who I am! I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think.(現(xiàn)在我知道我是誰(shuí)了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是個(gè)很酷的人。知道酷的定義比我以前認(rèn)為的要寬泛得多，我感到很欣慰)可知，本段主要講述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己對(duì)酷的定義。故填:(How) the author discovered a broader definition of “cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. 開(kāi)放性題目。只要回答出自己認(rèn)為什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填:Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
4. 【2020·江蘇卷】
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意:請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。
Humor
If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.
Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.
Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.
In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true. But not all senses of humor are created equal. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.
You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association.
When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.
Some people--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.
Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don’t want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it too often, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.
Humor
Benefits of humor
●Humor is form of 71. . Humor can improve one’s72. and personality.
●Humor can make one 73. in his work, study, and life.
●Humor has a positive74. effect when we are in difficulties.
75. to follow
●76. others for a conversation of fun is as good as telling a joke yourself when showing your sense of humor.
●Quality counts 77. than attitude and effort-even stupid joke can 78. others of risk and embarrassment.
Traps to 79.
●One humorous complaint makes funny person. But too many complaints will 80. your audience.
●Self-deprecating comments show one’s assurance. But too much deprecation will make a Chihuahua dog.
【答案】
71. entertainment
72. appearance/look
73. energetic
74. psychological
75. Tips/Suggestions/Advice
76. Preparing
77. less
78. relieve/free
79. avoid/skip
80. bore/tire/exhaust
【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了幽默的好處，講遵循的技巧以及所要避開(kāi)的陷阱。
71. 原詞再現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章第一段“If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits( 如果你把幽默看作是一種可選的娛樂(lè)形式，你就錯(cuò)過(guò)了它的一些最大的好處)”可知，幽默是一種娛樂(lè)形式。故填entertainment。
72. 語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. (幽默能讓相貌平平的人看起來(lái)可愛(ài)，讓不感興趣的人看起來(lái)很有趣。)”可知，幽默可以改善一個(gè)人的外表和個(gè)性。故填appearance/look。
73. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. (最重要的是，幽默能提升你的精力，這會(huì)對(duì)你在學(xué)校、工作或個(gè)人生活中所做的一切產(chǎn)生影響。)”可知，幽默能使人在工作、學(xué)習(xí)和生活中充滿活力。句中名詞energy轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞energetic故填energetic。
74. 語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. (幽默還能使你的思維從日常煩惱中解脫出來(lái)。)”可知，幽默讓你理解生活，有時(shí)幫助你在最困難時(shí)能夠大笑?？梢酝茢喑霎?dāng)我們遇到困難時(shí)，幽默會(huì)對(duì)我們的心理產(chǎn)生影響。故填psychological。
75. 原詞再現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章第四段“So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.(所以我覺(jué)得在日常生活中加入一些幽默技巧會(huì)很有用。)”可知，這里為幽默所要遵循的建議或技巧。故填Tips/Suggestions/Advice。
76. 語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第五段“You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. (你可以把談話引向有趣的話題，而這些話題已經(jīng)為其他人增添了幽默感。)”可知，這里指為他人準(zhǔn)備一場(chǎng)有趣的對(duì)話。所填詞中缺少主語(yǔ)，所以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。故填Preparing。
77. 語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第六段“When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. (說(shuō)到個(gè)人幽默，努力是很重要的。)”和”For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.( 對(duì)于面對(duì)面的幽默，質(zhì)量并不像你想象的那么重要。你的態(tài)度和努力很重要。)”可知，質(zhì)量沒(méi)有態(tài)度和努力重要。故填less。
78. 原詞再現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章第六段“So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. (所以，即使你自己的幽默努力失敗了，你也可能釋放了別人長(zhǎng)期保持的幽默。)”可知，即使是一個(gè)愚蠢的笑話也能讓別人免于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和尷尬。短語(yǔ)relieve/free…of…免于……。故填relieve/free。
79. 歸納總結(jié)題。根據(jù)表格此欄后面的內(nèi)容可知，這里是講幽默所需要避開(kāi)的陷阱。故填avoid/skip。
80. 語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段”O(jiān)ne funny observation about a problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out. (對(duì)生活中某個(gè)問(wèn)題的一個(gè)有趣的觀察可能很有趣，但五個(gè)就是只有抱怨了，不管你認(rèn)為自己有多聰明。有趣的抱怨會(huì)讓人筋疲力盡。)”可知，太多的抱怨只會(huì)讓人厭煩或筋疲力盡。故填bore/tire/exhaust。

三、2019年高考真題
1. 【2019·全國(guó)卷I】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情緒).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了新鮮空氣的好處：新鮮空氣中的氧氣，陽(yáng)光對(duì)人們的身心健康均有好處。人們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始利用大自然和治愈疾病的關(guān)系，建造“康復(fù)花園”，治療病人了。
36.E
根據(jù)下一句中的“the answer is a big YES”可知，該空應(yīng)該是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句，選項(xiàng)中只有E選項(xiàng)是一般疑問(wèn)句。故選E：但是新鮮空氣真得像你母親說(shuō)的那樣對(duì)你有好處嗎？空前的people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”和選項(xiàng)中的“your mother always said”亦是呼應(yīng)。
37.A
根據(jù)下一句中提到的“If the air you’re breathing is clean…the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen”可知，新鮮空氣充滿賦予人生命的，充滿活力的氧氣。下文中“…breathe more deeply, allowing more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain”是對(duì)前文的遞進(jìn)：在戶外，更多的氧氣進(jìn)入你的肌肉和大腦。根據(jù)前面的分析可以推知，該空應(yīng)該提到新鮮空氣的基本作用，根據(jù)常識(shí)，我們知道吸入的空氣首先進(jìn)入的是肺部，然后才會(huì)使我們的肌肉和大腦受益，故該空應(yīng)選A選項(xiàng)：新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺部。
38.G
根據(jù)下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，該空應(yīng)該提到表示地點(diǎn)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。選項(xiàng)中只有G選項(xiàng)提到該類名詞，故選項(xiàng)G：在全國(guó)，康復(fù)中心已經(jīng)開(kāi)始建造“康復(fù)花園”。these places就是指Healing Gardens。
39.C
前文介紹的是“康復(fù)花園”中的綠色植物對(duì)于病人康復(fù)的好的作用：綠色的正在成長(zhǎng)的植物可以減輕壓力，降低血壓，使人情緒良好?？蘸筇岬健八o我們一種平和感”。該空起承上啟下的作用，仍然要提到處于“康復(fù)花園”這種自然環(huán)境中的好處，空后的it也要指代這種情況。故C選項(xiàng)切題：身處大自然可以使人精神煥發(fā)。
40.D
根據(jù)下文中提到的“the sun’s rays…give us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，該段介紹的陽(yáng)光的好處。故該選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該提到陽(yáng)光。選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)涉及陽(yáng)光。故選D：獲得新鮮空氣的另一個(gè)好處是陽(yáng)光。

2. 【2019·全國(guó)卷II】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章作者對(duì)于怎樣設(shè)定具體目標(biāo)，給出了一些方法。
36.G
上文說(shuō)“動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一枚硬幣的兩面”。下文說(shuō)“就像孩子在跳水臺(tái)，難以決定”。該空承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有目標(biāo)，你就既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo)，也無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)它”切題，故選G。
37.B
下文說(shuō)“不僅如此，你應(yīng)該如何為實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)保持積極性”。該空引出下文，B選項(xiàng)“那么你應(yīng)該如何激勵(lì)自己呢”切題，故選B。
38.A
上文說(shuō)“有時(shí)候你的心不在工作上”，下文說(shuō)“所以，減慢速度，想一想那時(shí)候，你到底想干什么”。該空承上啟下，A選項(xiàng)“這會(huì)影響你的工作”切題，故選A。
39.E
上文說(shuō)“記得，目標(biāo)是靈活的”。該空承接上文，E選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)根據(jù)環(huán)境的改變而改變”切題，故選E。
40.C
上文說(shuō)“你可能想當(dāng)一名飛行員，但是不能成為一名飛行員，因?yàn)槟愕囊暳Σ粔蚝谩！毕挛恼f(shuō)“你應(yīng)該重新評(píng)估你的目標(biāo)，并且設(shè)定一個(gè)新的目標(biāo)”。該空承上啟下，C選項(xiàng)“然而，這也不要使你沮喪”切題，故選C。
3. 【2019·全國(guó)卷III】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(邏輯)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
? ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教學(xué)大綱)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.
? Participate in discussion forums(論壇), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂上，與教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌。
36.E
根據(jù)文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)和本段首句In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important，可知，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂上，與教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在下文中列舉了一些規(guī)矩與禁忌，故選項(xiàng)E符合語(yǔ)境。
37.G
根據(jù)其后一句Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.（與課程內(nèi)容相關(guān)的問(wèn)題是受歡迎的），解釋了什么樣的問(wèn)題是好問(wèn)題，可知，與G項(xiàng)“make sure they are good, thoughtful questions”相呼應(yīng)，要提一些好的令人深思的問(wèn)題，故選G。
38.A
根據(jù)前一句 Participate in discussion forums（論壇）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.可知，要參與論壇討論、博客和其他開(kāi)放式的對(duì)話論壇。而這正是網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂采用的交流的途徑，故選A。
39.C
根據(jù)本段Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends教授不是訓(xùn)練有素的護(hù)士，不是經(jīng)濟(jì)援助專家，也不是你最好的朋友，可知，不要分享個(gè)人信息或故事，如果他們需要更多信息的話，他們會(huì)主動(dòng)問(wèn)起的，故選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。
40.F
通讀本段，并根據(jù)本段主題句Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.告誡讀者，每個(gè)人都可能曾經(jīng)上過(guò)不太好的課，不要在社交媒體上攻擊教授，不要公開(kāi)表達(dá)對(duì)教授或班級(jí)的不滿，要利用課程評(píng)價(jià)冷靜地提出你的意見(jiàn)。選項(xiàng)F符合上下文語(yǔ)境。
4. 【2019·北京卷】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào))their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比賽)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講了建立一支最佳陣容球隊(duì)比簡(jiǎn)單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多。一支一流球隊(duì)可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些優(yōu)雅量的普通球員。
46.B
上文說(shuō)“大多數(shù)人相信建立一個(gè)偉大團(tuán)隊(duì)的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天賦的人
個(gè)人”。下文說(shuō)“公司花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬(wàn)雇傭頂級(jí)商業(yè)人士?！痹摽粘猩蠁⑾?，也是在舉例，B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)老板花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元吸引頂尖人才?！鼻蓄}，故選B。
47.E
下文說(shuō)“他們專注于足球、籃球和籃球。結(jié)果有好有壞?！痹摽找鱿挛?，E選項(xiàng)“最近的幾項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了體育世界中人才的作用?！鼻蓄}，故選E。
48.G
上文說(shuō)“為了解釋這一現(xiàn)象，研究人員探索了一場(chǎng)好的表現(xiàn)要求隊(duì)員們協(xié)調(diào)他們行動(dòng)的程度”，下文說(shuō)明了研究結(jié)果，該空承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的相互依賴性使棒球區(qū)別于足球和籃球?！鼻蓄}，故選G。
49.D
上文說(shuō)了“一個(gè)球星為了個(gè)人得分，而影響團(tuán)隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)”，該空承接上文，D選項(xiàng)“球星顯然沒(méi)有遵守運(yùn)動(dòng)員精神的基本原則”切題，故選D。
50.F
下文說(shuō)“一支一流球隊(duì)可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些優(yōu)雅量的普通球員。”該空引出下文，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“建立一支最佳陣容球隊(duì)比簡(jiǎn)單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多?！鼻蓄}，故選F。
5. 【2019·浙江卷】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(傳說(shuō)). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文中講述了披頭士的發(fā)展和影響，引領(lǐng)了一種潮流趨勢(shì)。
31. C
第一段講述搖滾音樂(lè)，根據(jù)空后的at that time可知前句提到了時(shí)間，而且與rock music有關(guān)，選項(xiàng)中只有C 項(xiàng)講的是搖滾音樂(lè)，并且講述了其發(fā)展的時(shí)間，故選C。
32. B
空前后都是講述披頭士的出名程度，根據(jù)空前extremely popular in England, 以及后文的they became the hottest thing可知此處描述了他們的影響，選項(xiàng)B （甚至他們的發(fā)型在那時(shí)也成為了一種潮流）符合文意，且關(guān)鍵詞even是一個(gè)提示，故選B。
33.A
根據(jù)空后They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.（他們不確定美國(guó)人怎樣反應(yīng)），可知他們首次來(lái)美國(guó)演出，所以A項(xiàng)（決定首次到美國(guó)開(kāi)巡回演出）符合文意，故選A。
34. G
根據(jù)空后The concert was broadcast live…可知前句中應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)concert，選項(xiàng)G中的關(guān)鍵詞their first concert 前后呼應(yīng)。故選G。
35. E
根據(jù)空前（由于披頭士，市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)了很多機(jī)會(huì)），E項(xiàng)（很多新樂(lè)隊(duì)（新面孔）都是模仿披頭士），符合邏輯。故選E。
II．閱讀理解新題型
1.閱讀表達(dá)
（2019·天津卷）閱讀短文，按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。
Haze Mabry，who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years，walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday，after he arrived at the school，instead of finding garbage to clean up，he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway，some popped out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school，but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith，who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，who just wants a hug.
“He won't brag（夸耀）on himself，but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is，he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him，he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building，"said Lori Gilreath，a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students，cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday，so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend，he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze，you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為記敘文。文中記敘了一位清潔工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清掃學(xué)校大樓。Mabry 愛(ài)學(xué)生，關(guān)心學(xué)生。學(xué)生們也尊敬他，喜歡他。在他80生日那天，學(xué)生們用自己的方式祝賀他的生日，表達(dá)了對(duì)Mabry的熱愛(ài)。
56.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清潔工，他的日常工作就是清掃學(xué)校大樓。因此本句的答案可為：Cleaning the (school) building； Or：doing（the） cleaning；
Or: He cleans the (school)building； Or: He does (the) cleaning.
57.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上個(gè)周五，他發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎有800名學(xué)生在走廊里排隊(duì)，拿著手制卡片，吹口哨，為他唱了一首響亮的生日快樂(lè)歌，擁抱他。因此答案為：
By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
58.
猜測(cè)題意題。根據(jù)第二段學(xué)生們?yōu)镸abry慶祝生日的方式和劃線詞后的內(nèi)容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They’re like my children.”可知 Mabry 愛(ài)學(xué)生，把學(xué)生當(dāng)作自己的孩子。那么學(xué)生們也表達(dá)了他們對(duì)Mabry的熱愛(ài)。因此Mabry被學(xué)生的愛(ài)所感動(dòng)，故所以的“affection”相當(dāng)于“Love”，故填love。
Or: liking.
Or: Fondness.
59.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“...he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a
child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his
undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段“Mabry works circles
around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.”
可知，Mabry 關(guān)心愛(ài)護(hù)孩子，幫助孩子，是一個(gè)善良、熱心的人。一個(gè)不怕臟不怕累、勤奮
工作的人。因此答案為：
(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.
Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students, and hard-working.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60.
考查學(xué)生的觀察綜合表達(dá)能力。本題的題目：who is the "sunshine" in your life?”誰(shuí)是你生活中的陽(yáng)光？只要在生活或?qū)W習(xí)中幫助過(guò)你，關(guān)心你、愛(ài)護(hù)你的，鼓勵(lì)你，安慰你的都可稱為your sunshine。因此答案可為：
My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.
2.任務(wù)型閱讀
（2019·江蘇卷）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意:請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。
The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull(傾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes 25% of the body's energy when the body is at rest. By comparison, the brains of apes(類人猿)require only 8%of rest-time energy. Early humans pad for their large brains in two ways. Firstly, they spent more time in search food. Secondly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a modern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.
Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier to find food or enemies. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge, especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull. Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth. But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans who lived a million years ago despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.
The Cost of Thinking
Introduction
? Large brains for their bodies and the ability to walk upright are two ___71___ of human beings.
The ___72___ of large human brains
? The larger brains may not be better because of the cost.
? The big brains make it harder for the body to move around and consume more energy.
? The animal brain requires less ___73___ when the body is at rest.
? Large human brains consume more food, and weaken muscles.
The ___74___ of walking upright
? Walking upright makes it easy to find food or ___75___ against enemies.
? Freed hands can serve some ___76___ purpose and perform complex tasks.
? Walking upright challenges the human bone structure, and ___77___ the size of brains.
? Walking upright results in ___78___ sufferings.
Conclusion
? With a large brain, human beings ___79___ other beings in terms of intelligence.
? Weak and marginal, human beings remained ___80___ of meat-eating animals.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為記敘文。主要敘述人用大腦思考的代價(jià)。人類與動(dòng)物相比有兩大特點(diǎn)：大大的大腦和直立行走。超大的大腦使人類擁有更高的智商，但卻消耗巨大的能量。直立行走讓人類擅長(zhǎng)尋找食物和抵御敵人，解放了的雙手來(lái)更復(fù)雜的事。但卻讓人類遭受腰痛和頸部疼痛等。人類成為地球上最強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)物，享受無(wú)與倫比的優(yōu)勢(shì)，卻對(duì)食肉動(dòng)物懷有恐懼。
71. characteristics
【解析】考查信息歸納。根據(jù)第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.”可知，大腦袋和雙腿直立行走的能力是人類共有的特點(diǎn)(characteristics)。故填characteristics。
72. disadvantages
【解析】考查信息歸納。72題就是對(duì)第三段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)。第三段主要敘述了人類的大腦大的缺點(diǎn)。因此本空格填寫(xiě)disadvantages。
73. energy
【解析】考查信息來(lái)源。根據(jù)第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--consumption of energy ”以及“It (the brain) consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.By comparison the brains of apes require only 8% of rest- time energy”可知，人類巨大的大腦是一個(gè)巨大的能量消耗。 當(dāng)身體處于休息時(shí)，大腦要消耗25%的身體能量。相比之下，類人猿的大腦只需要8%的休息時(shí)間能量。人類與動(dòng)物相比，動(dòng)物需要的能量（energy）要比人類少。故填energy。
74. impact(s)
【解析】考查信息歸納題。分析空后的75--78小題所在的第五段和第六段的內(nèi)容可知，此部分主要敘述了直立行走對(duì)人類的影響。故填impact(s)。
75. guard
【解析】考查信息轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it’s easier to find food or enemies.”可知，另一個(gè)獨(dú)特的人類特征是我們直立行走。站起來(lái)，更容易找到食物或敵人。找到敵人，就是為了防御敵人。因?yàn)閛r為連詞，在此句中連結(jié)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，故空格填動(dòng)詞?！癵uard against...”為固定搭配，意為“防御......”，故本空填寫(xiě)guard。
76. other考查信息來(lái)源。根據(jù)第五段中的”...their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes ,like throwing stones or signaling. As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. ”可知，解放了的雙手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填other。
77. limits
【解析】考查信息歸納。根據(jù)第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on four and a relative small head. Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge , especially when the bones had to support an extra -large skull.” 可知，直立行走也有缺點(diǎn)。我們祖先進(jìn)化了上百億年，?骼也只能支撐四肢行走和有一個(gè)相對(duì)較小的頭。直立行走對(duì)人類的骨架是一個(gè)相當(dāng)大的挑戰(zhàn)，限制了人的頭腦的大小。故本空填limits。
78. physical
【解析】考查信息轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第六段“..., Humankind paid for its vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.” 可知，直立對(duì)人類的骨架是一個(gè)相當(dāng)大的挑戰(zhàn)，人類為自己的視力和靈巧的雙手付出了代價(jià)，換來(lái)的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立導(dǎo)致身體方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。
79. beat
【解析】根據(jù)最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.”可知，我們假設(shè)大腦越大，優(yōu)勢(shì)越大。很明顯，這些使得人類成為地球上最強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)物。由此可推斷出我們的大腦比動(dòng)物大，在智力方面人類比動(dòng)物更聰明，即在智力方面擊敗了(beat)其他動(dòng)物。故本空填beat。
80. fearful/afraid
【解析】根據(jù)最后一段“...humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat--eating animals.”可知，盡管人類享受著所有這些優(yōu)勢(shì)，但也是弱小的生物。因此盡管擁有巨大的大腦和鋒利的石器，但也曾經(jīng)對(duì)食肉動(dòng)物仍舊害怕/恐懼。因?yàn)榭涨笆窍祫?dòng)詞，故本空要填形容詞(afraid/fearful)可知，此處要填名詞，故填fearful/afraid。

四、2018年高考真題
1.【2018·全國(guó)卷I】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____36____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____37____, they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____38____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____39____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____40____.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中顏色的選擇問(wèn)題。
36.B 【解析】36題以逗號(hào)結(jié)尾，后面另起一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，可以從句子結(jié)構(gòu)排除D、E、F、G項(xiàng)。根據(jù)前文的三個(gè)問(wèn)句可知，此處是從中選擇一種。故選B（不管你尋找哪一種） 。
37.A 【解析】前文：在過(guò)去的許多年里，有許多技術(shù)幫助設(shè)計(jì)者實(shí)現(xiàn)這一要點(diǎn)；下文：它們有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜。所以A（然而他們都很有用）承上啟下。符合題意。
38.D 【解析】本空是一個(gè)主題句，總說(shuō)選擇小顏色是我們很熟悉的方法。后文分說(shuō)小顏色的具體用途。故選D。
39.G 【解析】根據(jù)前文“中型顏色選擇通常是指一些例如沙發(fā)，餐桌或者書(shū)架等家具的顏色選擇”接著表明這種范圍的顏色選擇是對(duì)小型顏色選擇在兩種方式上的進(jìn)一步提示，故選G。
40. F 【解析】前文the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant你所付諸的時(shí)間、精力和相關(guān)的費(fèi)用是巨大的。后文F那肯定是值得的，因?yàn)槟阆氲谝淮伟阉?。故選F。
2.【2018·全國(guó)卷II】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___36___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___37___
Your metabolism(新陳代謝) gets a head start. ___38___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___39___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
___40___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。列舉了早晨鍛煉對(duì)人體的四條好處，號(hào)召人們?cè)琰c(diǎn)起床，進(jìn)行身體鍛煉。
36.G 【解析】根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容“生活忙碌沒(méi)有時(shí)間鍛煉”和空后的內(nèi)容“晨練除了身體健康之外，還能帶來(lái)其他好處”，下文接著列舉了晨練的其他好處。由此可知，此處缺一個(gè)承上啟下句。G項(xiàng)中then listen up!（那么請(qǐng)仔細(xì)聽(tīng)!）很好的起到了承上啟下的作用。故選G。
37.E 【解析】根據(jù)上一句Exercising makes you more awake（鍛煉能讓你更清醒），E項(xiàng)（你可以在運(yùn)動(dòng)后保持頭腦清醒4-10個(gè)小時(shí)。）是對(duì)上一句的進(jìn)一步解釋。故選E。
38.F 【解析】空前句子是本段的主題句，晨練是新陳代謝的開(kāi)始，空后句子說(shuō)如果晨練，則你會(huì)得到卡路里一整天都在燃燒的益處，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)（鍛煉之后，你一整天都在燃燒卡路里。）是空后句子的根據(jù)，空后句子是對(duì)F項(xiàng)的進(jìn)一步延伸。故選F。
39.B 【解析】此處缺一個(gè)主題句?？蘸缶渥咏忉屃嗽缙疱憻挼娜吮韧砩襄憻挼娜怂酶?。B項(xiàng)（你的睡眠質(zhì)量提高了。）是對(duì)后面內(nèi)容的總述。故選B。
40.A 【解析】根據(jù)空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨鍛煉身體，你將更有可能堅(jiān)持健康的食物選擇。）”，A項(xiàng)(你將堅(jiān)持你的飲食。)符合本段內(nèi)容，是主題句，起到統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文的作用。故選A。
3.【2018·全國(guó)III】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___36___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____37____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___38___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____39_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____40____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【文章大意】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了跳舞的好處。
36.B 【解析】根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，這里是說(shuō)遭美國(guó)都有人跳舞
從弗羅里達(dá)到阿拉斯加，從北到南等，因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。
37.D 【解析】根據(jù)前文舞蹈課為各個(gè)年齡階段的人架起了橋梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根據(jù)后句it’s great to watch them，根據(jù)人稱可知是在談?wù)撍麄?，所以D和F符合，再根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，此段主要介紹了跳舞對(duì)他們的好處，故選D。
38.A 【解析】根據(jù)第四段后句，是通過(guò)舉例介紹人們跳舞的原因，故選A。
39.F 【解析】根據(jù)前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他們的心情徹底改變，故選F。
40.E 【解析】根據(jù)文章前后句可知，此處人稱為第一人稱，所以E符合語(yǔ)境，作者結(jié)合自己的跳舞經(jīng)歷介紹了跳舞給自己帶來(lái)的好處。
3.【2018·浙江卷】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房產(chǎn)) neat, clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【文章大意】怎樣成為一個(gè)鄰居都喜歡的人，作者給了幾點(diǎn)建議。
31.G
【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段講如果你想成為鄰居中一個(gè)可以接受和有價(jià)值的部分，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是確保你的行為舉止像一個(gè)好鄰居。下文是具體做法，G項(xiàng)：這里有一些技巧，可以幫助你迅速贏得鄰居的信賴。承上啟下，故選G。
32.F
【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段介紹和鄰居關(guān)系融洽最重要的是保持干凈整潔的戶內(nèi)戶外環(huán)境，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鮮和誘人，與本段意思一致，故選F。
33.E
【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段主要建議要重視社區(qū)的整體面貌，出門(mén)拿上一個(gè)垃圾袋，E項(xiàng)：遇到從路過(guò)的汽車?yán)锶映龅膹U紙，把它撿起來(lái)。與上句連接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故選E。
34.B
【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。本段是建議用鄰居可以接受的方式幫助他們，同時(shí)尊重鄰居的隱私。B項(xiàng)：好鄰居就是喜歡在小的方面幫助別人的人，符合本段內(nèi)容，故選B。
35.C
【解析】考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。最后一段是總結(jié)，只要我們考慮周到，尊重他人，照顧好屬于自己的東西，為周圍的人感到自豪，很快就會(huì)成為一個(gè)大家都喜歡的好鄰居。C項(xiàng)中considerate behavior是下文內(nèi)容的概括，故選C。
5.【2018·北京卷】
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（觸發(fā)）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消極的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章分析了導(dǎo)致人們生氣的三個(gè)原因并指出如何防止憤怒爆發(fā)。
51.F 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到導(dǎo)致人們生氣的三個(gè)主要原因： triggering（觸發(fā)）events，personality traits（特征），our assessment of situations，下面的幾段具體分析了這三個(gè)原因與生氣的關(guān)系。故該句應(yīng)該起承上啟下的作用，故F選項(xiàng)（如果我們?cè)敢庥门行缘哪抗鈦?lái)評(píng)估自己的話，那么了解這些原因?qū)?huì)控制我們的憤怒。）承上啟下，故選F。
52.G 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。該空前面兩句提到引發(fā)憤怒的事件很多，例如：堵車，截止日期臨近，身體疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事會(huì)激發(fā)一個(gè)人的怒氣，但其他人卻不會(huì)為此而生氣的原因是由于個(gè)人的歷史和心理特征。該空承上啟下，應(yīng)當(dāng)提到某件事會(huì)使某些人生氣，但不會(huì)使別人生氣這個(gè)現(xiàn)象，故G選項(xiàng)（人們對(duì)這些事情的反應(yīng)不一樣，這就導(dǎo)致使一個(gè)人生氣的事情可能會(huì)讓另一個(gè)人生氣，也可能不會(huì)讓另一個(gè)人生氣。）承上啟下，故選G。
53.E 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到：每個(gè)人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比較好強(qiáng)，氣量比較小的人更容易生氣。下一句提到：而且，有時(shí)候，pre-anger并不一定是一種持久的狀態(tài)，而是一種觸發(fā)事件發(fā)生前的暫時(shí)狀態(tài)。該空承上啟下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. （擁有這些個(gè)性特征意味著憤怒之前的狀態(tài)，憤怒就在你的大腦背景中。）承上啟下，故選E。
54.A 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到：有時(shí)候，甚至常規(guī)性的事件也會(huì)變成pre-anger或惱怒的來(lái)源。有時(shí)候?qū)@些情況的無(wú)知和負(fù)面觀點(diǎn)會(huì)產(chǎn)生憤怒。該空位于段首，引出下文，故A選項(xiàng)（我們的對(duì)情況的態(tài)度和看法也會(huì)在我們內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生憤怒。）是本段的主題句，概括全段內(nèi)容，故選A。
55.D 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到：但是生氣很容易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸┝Γ宰詈昧私庖幌聭嵟脑騺?lái)阻止它的存在。該句和上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，結(jié)合剩余選項(xiàng)可知，D選項(xiàng)（憤怒是一種特別強(qiáng)烈的感情，或許人們認(rèn)為他們有理由生氣。）和下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。
6.【2018·天津卷】
閱讀表達(dá)
閱讀短文，并按照題目要求用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題。
Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can’t do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can’t." Dream big and climb high!
56. What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
57. Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more than 15 words)
58. How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
60. What’s your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】56. Curiosity made her do so.
Or:The desire to explore.
57. Because it was getting dark，and she didn’t want her mother to worry about her.
Or:Because she was seared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.
58. She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.
Or:She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore.
Or:She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.
59. We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.
Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life.
Or:We run into trouble sometimes.
Or:We have trouble in life.
60. I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life.
【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議短文閱讀。作者通過(guò)小時(shí)候爬山的經(jīng)歷告訴我們：我們每個(gè)人在人生中都會(huì)遇到很多座山，但我們要勇于夢(mèng)想，攀登高峰。
56. 細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二段What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.可知，好奇心驅(qū)使作者探索這些臺(tái)階通往什么，從而可以歸納出答案，注意字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。
57. 細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)文章第三段But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.可知，作者沒(méi)有到達(dá)山頂而急于回家的原因一共有4個(gè)，考生只需要?dú)w納2個(gè)原因，注意字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。
58. 細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)文章第四段作者夢(mèng)見(jiàn)城堡或怪物，可知作者非常具有想象力；根據(jù)But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.可知，作者內(nèi)心的某些東西會(huì)不惜一切代價(jià)爬上那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒險(xiǎn)，可知作者具有冒險(xiǎn)精神并且有決心。根據(jù)這些歸納出答案，注意字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。
59. 句意理解題。根據(jù)全文我們可以推斷出We all fall down.指的是“我們生活中遇到的障礙/困難/失敗/挑戰(zhàn)等”。由此可以歸納出答案，注意字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。
60. 開(kāi)放題。首先要理解題干中的mountain指的是“障礙或失敗”，并且要陳述自己的理由，注意字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。
點(diǎn)睛：本文是一篇夾敘夾議短文閱讀。整體文章易懂，但題目設(shè)置靈活，總體難度中等?？忌坏獜奈恼轮姓页龃鸢?，還要根據(jù)問(wèn)題的設(shè)置歸納出相應(yīng)的答案。書(shū)寫(xiě)答案的時(shí)候，考生要注意語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的正確以及字?jǐn)?shù)的限制。
7.【2018·江蘇卷】
任務(wù)型閱讀
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。
How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. “If you build it they will come” is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect（連鎖反應(yīng)）throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.
Arts as an economic driver
Our communities ___71___ from arts in terms of economy.
___72___ of arts’ promoting our economy
Arts activity demands a(n) ___73___ effort. It involves creation, performance, and ___74___.
★Artists make a living through their creative work.
★Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ___75___. They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.
★Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their ___76___ to and from the events.
★Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts could produce potential ___77___ economic results.
★TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000.
★In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly $300.
★In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers ___78___ arts industry.
Art students making a good living
With these ___79___ in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a(n) ____80____ plan.

【話題解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述藝術(shù)是如何促進(jìn)我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的。
71.benefit 同義轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第一段But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.(藝術(shù)團(tuán)體給我們的社區(qū)帶來(lái)了更大的價(jià)值。)，所填詞的主語(yǔ)為Our communities，故應(yīng)為我們的社區(qū)從藝術(shù)中收益，所以用短語(yǔ)benefit from從……受益。故填benefit。
72.Ways 歸納題。分析右邊表格各小點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容可知，這里應(yīng)該為藝術(shù)提升我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法，所以用way，注意首字母大寫(xiě)及復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填Ways。
73.joint/collective 歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二段Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art.可以歸納出，藝術(shù)活動(dòng)需要集體共同努力。故填joint/collective。
74.Promotion/marketing 詞性轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章第三段Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.中的動(dòng)詞promote轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞promotion，也可以用同義名詞marketing。故填promotion/marketing。
75. Effect原詞再現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章第四段A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect（連鎖反應(yīng)）throughout a community.中的原詞effect可以得出答案。故填effect。
76.fares 歸納題。根據(jù)文章第四段Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.可以歸納出，爵士愛(ài)好者除了買票之外，還需要付來(lái)去交通費(fèi)、住宿費(fèi)等費(fèi)用。故填fares。
77.Positive歸納題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.可知，藝術(shù)品投資可以產(chǎn)生潛在的積極經(jīng)濟(jì)效果。故填positive。
78.outside/beyond 原詞再現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.中的outside可以得出答案，也可以用其同義詞beyond。故填outside/beyond。
79. statistics/data/analyses歸納題。這里是對(duì)文章的總結(jié)，藝術(shù)生應(yīng)該考慮到上文這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)或分析，故無(wú)需擔(dān)心他們的職業(yè)。故填statistics/data/analyses。
80. Alternative同義轉(zhuǎn)化題。根據(jù)文章最后一段But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.中的change the patterns轉(zhuǎn)化為同義詞alternative。故填alternative。



















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這是一份專題13 閱讀理解廣告、新聞?lì)?三年（2019-2021）高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編，文件包含專題13閱讀理解廣告新聞?lì)?三年2019-2021高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編解析版doc、專題13閱讀理解廣告新聞?lì)?三年2019-2021高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編原卷版doc等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共58頁(yè)， 歡迎下載使用。

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