
專題01 冠詞、名詞、 一、2021年高考真題 1.(2021年全國乙卷語法填空) Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影響)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas. ….. Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: 【答案】62.development 65.the 【解析】 62. 考查名詞。句意:這不同于傳統(tǒng)的旅游,因為它能讓旅行者了解這個地區(qū)——無論是地理環(huán)境還是文化特色,并且經(jīng)常為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供資金,并有利于當(dāng)?shù)氐陌l(fā)展。根據(jù)空格前的定冠詞the可知,此處填入名詞development來做動詞benefits的賓語。故填development。 65. 考查冠詞。句意:由于與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險旅行越來越受歡迎,各種各樣的旅行現(xiàn)在被歸類為生態(tài)旅游。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處應(yīng)填冠詞。再結(jié)合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此處特指與環(huán)境相關(guān)的探險旅行越來越受歡迎,所以應(yīng)填定冠詞the。故填the。 2.(2021年全國乙卷短文改錯)I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals….. 【答案】 dish→dishes 【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意:飯后我總是幫助父母洗碗。固定短語“do the dishes”譯為“洗餐具”。故將dish改為dishes。 3. (2021年新高考全國1卷語法填空)What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are. …… As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in mine. While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit! 【答案】57.humans 65.a 【解析】 57. 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:當(dāng)你站在黃山山頂看見波濤洶涌般的云海,你會想到我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝吹拿煨 uman是we的同位語,we為復(fù)數(shù),應(yīng)用human的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填humans。 62. 考查冠詞。句意:當(dāng)你在中國的時候,黃山是一個你一定要去的地方。must作名詞時,意為“絕對必要的事物”,為可數(shù)名詞,此處泛指“一個必須去的地方”,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,must是以輔音音素開頭的詞,應(yīng)用a。故填a。 4. (2021年全國甲卷語法填空)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. 【答案】 48.the 49. watchtowers 【解析】 48. 考查冠詞。句意:我們繞著西安城墻走了大約3個小時。結(jié)合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短語為all the way,故用定冠詞the限定名詞way。故填the。 49. 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:據(jù)說你可以在兩個小時內(nèi)完成,但我們在不同的大門和了望臺停下來拍照,或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。根據(jù)句意以及前文形容詞different可知,此處可數(shù)名詞watchtower是復(fù)數(shù)概念,應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填watchtowers。 5. (2021年全國甲卷短文改錯) Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the same age and can understand each other. 【答案】 friend→friends 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:許多同學(xué)說他們會和他們的朋友說或同學(xué)講,因為他們是同齡人,能彼此理解。friend“朋友”為可數(shù)名詞,結(jié)合句中their,所以此處要用復(fù)數(shù)。故friend改為friends。 6. (2021年浙江卷語法填空) In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842. ……. ___44___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. 【答案】38. marriage 44.The 【解析】 38. 考查名詞。句意:1844年,他們以1200美元的價格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地,查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的形容詞性物主代詞可知,此處要用名詞形式;結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的ceremony,可知此處意為“婚禮”;提示詞marry意為“婚姻”,其名詞形式為marriage,marriage ceremony意為“婚禮”。故填marriage。 44. 考查冠詞。句意:林肯夫婦在1856年把房子擴大到了整整兩層,以滿足他們?nèi)找嬖鲩L的家庭的需要。根據(jù)句意可知,此處意為“林肯一家”;根據(jù)設(shè)空后的Lincolns可知,此處考查“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”,表示夫婦倆,或者一家人。設(shè)空處位于句首,所以首字母要大寫。故填The。 7. (2021年1月天津7)Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science. A.traditions B.a(chǎn)dvances C.pressures D.examples 【答案】B 【解析】 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步帶來了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions傳統(tǒng);B. advances前進(jìn),進(jìn)步;C. pressures壓力;D. examples例子。根據(jù)上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知,公共健康的巨大改善是由醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步帶來的,advances符合語境。故選B。 二、2020年高考真題 1.(2020·新課標(biāo) = 1 \* ROMAN I卷語法填空)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山), more so 65 the familiar near side. 【答案】interest 【解析】考查名詞。句意:月球背面讓科學(xué)家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知,空處應(yīng)填名詞,interest是不可數(shù)名詞,be of interest to sb.意為“(某物)使某人感興趣”。故填interest。 2.(2020·新課標(biāo) = 1 \* ROMAN I卷短文改錯)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】將chopstick改為chopsticks 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:下一步我把雞蛋打到一個碗里,然后用筷子快速攪拌。chopstick是可數(shù)名詞,意為“筷子”,通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),故將chopstick改為chopsticks。 3.(2020·新課標(biāo) = 2 \* ROMAN II卷語法填空)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration 【解析】考查名詞。句意:中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開始。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。 4.(2020·新課標(biāo) = 2 \* ROMAN II卷短文改錯)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. 【答案】將vacations改為vacation 【解析】考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意:幸運的是,兩周后我就要回家過暑假。分析句子,vacation譯為“假期”是個不可數(shù)名詞,后面不可加s表示復(fù)數(shù)。Summer vacation 譯為“暑期”是固定搭配。故將vacations改為vacation。 5. (2020·江蘇卷單項填空)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______. A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission 【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:許多國家的衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)正在經(jīng)歷重大變革。A. reservation預(yù)訂;B. transformation改革,變革;C. distinction區(qū)別;D. submission提交。根據(jù)前文The health security systems可知,此處指“衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)的變革”。故選B。 三、2019年高考真題 1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension 【答案】A 【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)今,旅行的重點從購物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風(fēng)景。A. priority優(yōu)先;優(yōu)先權(quán);B. potential潛在的,可能的;C. proportion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,撫恤金。故選A。 2.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways. A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment 【答案】B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強烈的影響。 statement“陳述說明”; impact“強烈的影響,沖擊力”; impression“印象,感想”; judgement“判斷力判斷”。故選B。 3.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【答案】the 【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指,意為“在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”,故填the。 4【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me. 【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me. 【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞,前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn),故在football前加a;考查連詞。句意:突然一個足球落在我前邊并且差點打到我?!白闱蚵湎聛怼迸c“打到我”兩個動作是順承關(guān)系,不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。 5.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. … 【答案】 Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different (1)I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so (2). Then, when I was in the (3) grade, I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher (4) much. 【解析】(1) 考查名詞的數(shù)?!癹ob(工作;職業(yè))”為可數(shù)名詞,用different(不同的)修飾時意思為不同種類的工作,應(yīng)該用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將job改為jobs。 (2)考查形容詞的用法。句中的“l(fā)ooked(看起來…樣)”為系動詞,系動詞后需用形容詞作表語。故將coolly改為cool。 (3)考查序數(shù)詞。年級、班級是按數(shù)字順序排列的,所以“在幾年級”中的數(shù)詞需要用序數(shù)詞。故將five改為fifth。 (4)考查副詞。句意:在五年級的時候,因為我非常喜歡我的英語老師,所以我想變成一名老師?!皊o much”在句中一般表達(dá)肯定意思,可與that連用表示“如此…以至于”。而“too much”表太多,一般與to搭配,表達(dá)否定意思“太…以至于不能…”。本句話表達(dá)肯定意思,非常so much 或very much,故將too改為very/so。 6.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。句意:每個人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞,意思是“相同的”,常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。 附贈:2018年高考真題 1.【2018·天津】6. The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation 【答案】C 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠靠臻g。A. advice建議;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀請。故選C。 【解題指導(dǎo)】本題考查名詞辨析。名詞和動詞及短語的考查是高考重點考查的知識點。本題語法上是一個同位語從句,從句that there is life on other planets in the universe是來解釋說明前面所選擇的名詞。根據(jù)常識可以判斷,宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一種可能性,目前無法證明,從而選出正確答案。 2.【2018·江蘇】32. Try?to?understand?what’s?actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption 【答案】D 【解題指導(dǎo)】本題考查名詞辨析。名詞考查是高考重點考查的知識點。本題抓住句中的關(guān)鍵詞actually happening實際發(fā)生和instead of而不是,可知是假設(shè),從而選出正確答案。 3. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). 【答案】causes 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項研究表明,僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步,就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。 4. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·短文改錯】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠詞。去年寒假,我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下,故加定冠詞the。 【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠詞。去年寒假,我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下,故加定冠詞the。 5. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。句意:玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%,而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。 6. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語法填空】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語at the top of,此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。 7. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語法填空】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 【答案】scientist 【解析】根據(jù)語境可知,我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。 8. 【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. 【答案】dishes 【解析】考查名詞。此處指中國菜,表示泛指應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù),故填dishes。 8. 【2018·浙江卷·語法填空】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems. 【答案】weight 【解析】考查名詞。此處指體重問題,用名詞修飾problems,故填weight。 1. 【2017·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空】As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 【答案】a 【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示"結(jié)果"。句意:結(jié)果,人們將吃更多的食物去彌補損失的東西。故填a。 2. 【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II ·語法填空】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork. 【答案】crowds 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。因為crowd為可數(shù)名詞,并且其前沒有限定詞,所以此處用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2. 【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II ·語法填空】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. 【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。此處指的是在頂端建造一個結(jié)實的頂,所以在 top前加the。
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