?河南省南陽市第一中學(xué)校2021-2022學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期第一次月考英語試題
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一、完形填空
I started playing the trumpet（小號）at 42.Learning new skills as an adult is 1 and more fun than you think.
Last February, I sat in a room with about 10 other people, all under age 12,waiting to take my 2 trumpet lesson. Learning to play was something I had 3 for years. But it wasn't 4 my husband gave me a trumpet as a birthday gift that I got the final 5 to give it a try.
I had 6 mastered a musical instrument before and there I was at 42,learning with a group of 7 ,mini Mozarts in my eyes. I was 8 and thrilled by the idea of starting something new.
As adults, we're 9 to go outside of our comfort zones. We may 10 looking foolish or making mistakes. However, there are 11 to be an adult learner. If you've chosen to explore a hobby, it's because you 12 want to. Thus you're 13 to learn. Another 14 thing is that you have more time and opportunity to try new things. Besides, keeping at hobbies makes us happier and could also make us more adaptable to the 15 in life.
Here's 16 my hobby works for me: I now take trumpet lessons once a week；when I started in February, I 17 my son that I'd learn to play “Happy Birthday” for him when he turned three in May. By doing this I gave myself a 18 and a deadline；and I even joined in an online summer performance.
It has been years since I tried the hobby in which I had no background, no connections, no basic 19 . I was curious to see if I could stick to it. As it 20 , I made it. So can anyone.
1．A．fresher B．clearer C．wiser D．easier
2．A．next B．final C．first D．private
3．A．put up with B．talked about C．insisted on D．made up for
4．A．before B．because C．until D．that
5．A．push B．a(chǎn)bility C．method D．goal
6．A．a(chǎn)lso B．never C．a(chǎn)lmost D．a(chǎn)lready
7．A．musicians B．seniors C．a(chǎn)dults D．kids
8．A．nervous B．ready C．confident D．a(chǎn)mused
9．A．unlikely B．unwilling C．regretted D．forbidden
10．A．a(chǎn)dmit B．stop C．fear D．imagine
11．A．tips B．skills C．a(chǎn)dvantages D．a(chǎn)nswers
12．A．hardly B．mainly C．nearly D．truly
13．A．motivated B．forced C．intended D．expected
14．A．necessary B．strange C．possible D．wonderful
15．A．rules B．changes C．customs D．truths
16．A．when B．why C．how D．where
17．A．promised B．reminded C．taught D．encouraged
18．A．hope B．reason C．belief D．goal
19．A．knowledge B．equipment C．source D．fortune
20．A．came up B．turned out C．showed up D．went out

【答案】
1．A
2．C
3．B
4．C
5．A
6．B
7．D
8．A
9．B
10．C
11．C
12．D
13．D
14．D
15．B
16．C
17．A
18．D
19．A
20．B
【分析】
本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。講述了作者作為一名成年人學(xué)習(xí)小號的經(jīng)歷。
1．
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)習(xí)新技能對成年人來說比你想的更新鮮有趣。A.fresher更新鮮的；B.clearer更清楚的；C.wiser更明智的；D.easier 更容易的。根據(jù)下文“more fun”可知，此處是與fun意思相近的詞，結(jié)合是學(xué)校新技能，因此推斷是更新鮮。表示作為一名成年人學(xué)習(xí)新技能要比你想象的新鮮有趣。故選A。
2．
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：去年二月，我坐在一個(gè)房間里，大約有10個(gè)人，都不到12歲，等著上我的第一節(jié)小號課。A.next下一個(gè)；B.final最后的；C.first第一個(gè)；D.private私人的。 根據(jù)下文“But it wasn't 4 my husband gave me a trumpet as a birthday gift that I got the final 5 to give it a try.”可知，作者在去年二月的時(shí)候才開始學(xué)習(xí)小號課程，這是她的第一節(jié)小號課。故選C。
3．
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：學(xué)校演奏是我說了很多年的事情。A.put up with忍耐；B.talked about談?wù)摚籆.insisted on堅(jiān)持；D.made up for彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)下文“my husband gave me a trumpet as a birthday gift”和下文“to give it a try”可推斷，作者之前并未學(xué)習(xí)過小號，只是一直在“談?wù)摗彼?，直到丈夫送個(gè)作者小號才讓她決定嘗試。故選B。
4．
考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：直到丈夫送給我小號做生日禮物我才督促我最后決定嘗試。 A.before在……之前；B.because因?yàn)?；C.until直到；D.that那個(gè)。 分析句子可知，此處是not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，表示“直到……才”，結(jié)合句意：直到作者的丈夫送給作者一個(gè)小號作為生日禮物,才推動了作者最終做出嘗試的決心。故選C。
5．
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A. push督促；推動； B.ability能力；C.method方法；D.goal目標(biāo)。 根據(jù)“give it a try”可知，丈夫送給作者的小號推動作者要嘗試一下。故選A。
6．
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：以前我從來沒有掌握過一種樂器。A.also也 B.never絕不；C.almost幾乎；差不多；D.already已經(jīng)。根據(jù)本段最后一句“by the idea of starting something new”可知，作者之前沒有學(xué)習(xí)過樂器。故選B。
7．
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在42歲上，與一群孩子，我眼中的莫扎特，一起學(xué)習(xí)，A.musicians音樂家；B.seniors畢業(yè)班學(xué)生；C.adults成人；D.kids孩子。 根據(jù)前文“Last February,I sat in a room with about 10 other people,all under age 12...”以及后文mini Mozarts可知,作者與一群孩子一起學(xué)習(xí)小號。故選D。
8．
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)習(xí)新東西讓我激動又緊張。 A.nervous緊張的；B.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；C.confident自信的；D.amused愉快的。根據(jù)“I had_____6_____ mastered a musical instrument before”和“mini Mozarts in my eyes”可知，作者從未學(xué)習(xí)過小號，而且跟一群她認(rèn)為有天賦的孩子一起學(xué)習(xí)，心情應(yīng)該是緊張的。故選A。
9．
考查形容詞，動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為成年人，我們不愿意走出自己的舒適區(qū)。 A.unlikely不可能的；B.unwilling不愿意的；C.regretted遺憾；D.forbidden禁止。根據(jù)下文的“We may 50 looking foolish or making mistakes.”可知，成年人害怕看上去愚蠢或犯錯，因此他們不愿意走出自己的舒適區(qū)。故選B。
10．
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們或許害怕看起來愚蠢或者犯錯誤。A.admit承認(rèn)；B.stop停止；C.fear害怕；D.imagine想象。根據(jù)上文“As adults, we're ___9___ to go outside of our comfort zones.”并結(jié)合常識可推斷，成年人不愿意走出舒適區(qū),他們害怕看上去愚蠢或犯錯。故選C。
11．
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，作為成年學(xué)習(xí)者，有一些優(yōu)勢。A.tips建議；B.skills技能；C.advantages優(yōu)勢；好處；D.answers答案。根據(jù)下文“Thus you're 13 to learn...you have more time and opportunity to try new things. Besides, keeping at hobbies makes us happier and could also make us more adaptable to the 15 in life.”可知，作為一名成年學(xué)習(xí)者有很多優(yōu)勢。故選C。
12．
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你選擇探索一種愛好，它是因?yàn)槟阏嬲胍?。A.hardly幾乎不；B.mainly主要的；C.nearly幾乎；D.truly真正。根據(jù)“there are ___11___ to be an adult learner”可推斷，作為一名成年人，學(xué)習(xí)有優(yōu)勢，因此推斷如果你選擇探索一個(gè)愛好，是因?yàn)槟阏娴南胍?。故選D。
13．
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因而，你期待學(xué)習(xí)。A.motivated激發(fā)；B.forced迫使；C.intended打算；D.expected期待。根據(jù)上文“If you've chosen to explore a hobby, it's because you ___12___ want to.”可推斷，真正想要學(xué)習(xí)的東西會期待學(xué)習(xí)。故選D。
14．
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：另一件美好的事情是你有更多的時(shí)間和機(jī)會去嘗試新事物。A.necessary必要的；B.strange奇怪的；C.possible可能的；D.wonderful精彩的。根據(jù)上文“there are ___11___ to be an adult learner.”可知，上文講述了一個(gè)優(yōu)勢，此處為另一個(gè)優(yōu)勢，故wonderful符合語境，有足夠的時(shí)間和機(jī)會去嘗試新的東西是一件非常棒的事情。故選D。
15．
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，保持愛好使我們更快樂，也可以使我們更適應(yīng)生活的變化。 A.rules規(guī)則；B.changes變化；C.customs習(xí)俗；D.truths事實(shí)B 根據(jù)“keeping at hobbies makes us happier and could also make us more adaptable to”可知，堅(jiān)持愛好會讓我們更加開心，也會讓我們更加適應(yīng)生活中的變化。故選B。
16．
考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：下面是我的愛好對我是如何起作用的。A.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；B.why為什么；C.how如何；D.where在哪里。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“I now take trumpet lessons once a week”等可知,本段簡述了作者的愛好是如何產(chǎn)生影響的。故選C。
17．
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意： 我向兒子許愿說當(dāng)他五月份到三歲的時(shí)候，我會學(xué)會為他演奏“生日快樂”。A.promised許諾；B.reminded提醒；C.taught教授；D.encouraged鼓勵。根據(jù)“I'd learn to play “Happy Birthday” for him when he turned three in May”可推斷，作者會在兒子三歲時(shí)為他演奏“生日快樂歌”,這是作者向兒子許下的承諾。故選A。
18．
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：通過這樣做，我給了自己一個(gè)目標(biāo)和最后期限；我甚至參加了一次在線暑期表演。A.hope希望；B.reason原因；C.belief信仰；D.goal目標(biāo)。根據(jù)上文“I'd learn to play “Happy Birthday” for him when he turned three in May”可知，作者向兒子許下了承諾，即給了自己一個(gè)目標(biāo)。故選D。
19．
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：自從我嘗試這個(gè)沒有背景，沒有聯(lián)系，沒有基本知識的愛好以來數(shù)年了。A.knowledge知識；B.equipment設(shè)備；C.source來源；D.fortune運(yùn)氣。根據(jù)前文“I had_____6_____ mastered a musical instrument before”可知，作者在小號方面沒有任何基礎(chǔ)知識。故選A。
20．
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：結(jié)果證明，我成功了。A.came up提出；B.turned out結(jié)果是；證明是；C.showed up出現(xiàn)；D.went out出去?？崭袂啊癐 was curious to see if I could stick to it.”說作者好奇自己能否堅(jiān)持，空格后“I made it.”講作者成功了，as it turned out“結(jié)果證明”，符合語境。故選B。

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二、閱讀選擇
Five of the Best Theatre Shows
War Horse
It is possibly the National's biggest hit, having played in 11 countries to more than seven million people. Now, Marianne Elliott and Tom Morris' s production returns to the venue 11 years after its first show. A Christmas treat.
National Theatre, November 8 to January 5
Christmas Spectacular
The small Norfolk town of Fakenham receives around 110, 000 visitors annually for this seasonal institution, which has been running for 42 years. Even the royal family have come to the show.
Thursford Collection, November 6 to December 23
Company
The trend for gender-change roles continues with Stephen Sondheim' s 1970 musical, in which the hero Bobby- -turning 35 and at an emotional crossroads- becomes the female Bobbie. It works. In the updated Company, the plot remains the same and there's funny acting from Rosalie Craig in the lead .Marianne Elliott directs with her habitual imagination.
Gielgud Theatre, November 7 to March 30
Macbeth
There have been a couple of versions of the Scottish Play this year. The Globe hopes for a better opening for its winter season. The rest of the season includes Marlowe' s Doctor Faustus with Pauline Melynn as Mephistopheles, and Richard II with a cast of women of colour.
Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, November 7 to February 2
Troilus and Cressida
To present Polonius in Hamlet, the production of this“problem”play is comical-historical in new RSC(英國皇家莎士比亞劇團(tuán)) staging. There is even the first deaf actor in a mainstream RSC role,Charlotte Arrowsmith, signing her lines as Cassandra.
Royal Shakespeare Theatre, November 8 to November 17
21．The following shows can be watched on Christmas Day EXCEPT________.
A．War Horse B．Christmas Spectacular C．Company D．Macbeth
22．What can we learn about Company?
A．The hero Bobby becomes a lady in the musical.
B．Bobby falls in love with Bobbie in the story.
C．In 1970, Stephen Sondheim wrote a novel called Company.
D．Marianne Elliott stars in Company and her acting is interesting.
23．Which role does the first deaf actor play in RSC?
A．Polonius. B．Charlotte. C．Cassandra. D．Hamlet.

【答案】
21．B
22．A
23．C
【分析】
本文是應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了五大最佳戲劇表演。
21．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分的“November 6 to December 23”11月6號到12月23號，可知Christmas Spectacular在圣誕節(jié)不上映，故選B項(xiàng)。
22．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三部分“The trend for gender-change roles continues with Stephen Sondheim' s 1970 musical, in which the hero Bobby- -turning 35 and at an emotional crossroads- becomes the female Bobbie.” 在斯蒂芬·桑德海姆1970年的音樂劇中，男主角鮑比—即將35歲，正處于情感的十字路口—變成了女主人公鮑比—這種改變性別角色的趨勢得以延續(xù)?？芍狟obby在音樂劇中變成了女士。故選A項(xiàng)。
23．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一部分“There is even the first deaf actor in a mainstream RSC role, Charlotte Arrowsmith, signing her lines as Cassandra.” 在皇家莎士比亞劇團(tuán)的主流角色中，甚至有第一位失聰演員夏洛特·阿羅史密斯(Charlotte Arrowsmith)以卡桑德拉(Cassandra)的身份出演臺詞?？芍赗SC中第一個(gè)失聰演員扮演的角色是Cassandra。故選C項(xiàng)。
At eleven, I decided to learn to swim. There was a pool at the Y. M. C．A．offering exactly the opportunity. Mother continually warned against it, and kept fresh in my mind the details of each drowning in the river. But the Y. M. C．A．pool was safe.
I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.
The pool was quiet. I was afraid of going in all alone, so I sat on the side of the pool to wait for others. Then came a big boy. He yelled, "Hi, Skinny! How'd you like to be ducked?" With that he picked me up and threw me into the deep end. I landed in a sitting position, and swallowed water. But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards. Then I opened my eyes and saw nothing but water. I tried to yell but no sound came out. I went down, down, endlessly.
When I came to consciousness, I found myself lying on the bed in the hospital.
I never went back to the pool. I avoided water whenever I could. This misadventure stayed with me as the years rolled by. It deprived me of the joy of boating and swimming. Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished, but I was not. Sometimes the terror would return.
This went on until July. I swam across the Lake Wentworth. Only once did the terror return. When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?"
I had conquered my fear of water.
24．The author's original fear of water was caused by__________.
A．his poor skill in swimming
B．his mother's warning of drowning
C．a(chǎn)n outing to the beach with his father
D．a(chǎn)n unpleasant memory of the pool
25．Why was the author not scared to death when he was thrown into the water?
A．He knew how to swim in the pool.
B．He felt that the Y. M. C．A．pool was safe.
C． He was waiting for others to save him.
D．He came up with an idea to go upwards.
26．By "but I was not" in paragraph 5, the author probably means"
A．he was still a poor swimmer
B．he had not overcome the fear yet
C．he was not afraid of drowning any more
D．he was not satisfied with the swimming training
27．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Goodbye, Mr. Terror
B．Hello, Childhood Fear
C．A Swimming Adventure
D．My Passion for Swimming

【答案】
24．C
25．D
26．B
27．A
【分析】
本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者小時(shí)候和父親去海灘的遭遇使作者開始害怕水，直到自己游過溫特沃思湖時(shí)，才克服對水的恐懼的經(jīng)歷。
24．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“I had a childhood fear of water. This started when I was three years old and father took me to the beach. The huge waves knocked me down and swept over me.”
我從小就害怕水。從我三歲開始，父親帶我去海灘。 巨浪把我擊倒，席卷了我。由此可知，我是小時(shí)候和父親一起去海灘的遭遇使我開始害怕水，故選C。
25．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“But I was not frightened out of my wits-when my feet hit the bottom, I would make a big jump, come out of the surface. It seemed a long way down. I gathered all my strength when I landed and made what I thought was a great spring upwards.” 但我并沒有被嚇得驚慌失措——當(dāng)我的腳碰到地的時(shí)候，我會做一個(gè)大的跳躍，跳出水面。好像有很長一段路要走。當(dāng)我著陸時(shí)，我聚集了我所有的力量，做了一個(gè)我認(rèn)為是一個(gè)巨大的向上的跳躍?？梢酝茢喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為自己找到了向上跳出水面的方法，所以他沒有害怕，故選D。
26．
句意猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Finally, I decided to get an instructor. Piece by piece, he built a swimmer. Several months later, the instructor was finished,” 最后，我決定找個(gè)教練員。 他一個(gè)接一個(gè)地造就了游泳運(yùn)動員。 幾個(gè)月后，教練指導(dǎo)完成了， but I was not表示轉(zhuǎn)折，再根據(jù)下文，“Sometimes the terror would return. ”有時(shí)恐怖還會重來，由此推斷but I was not意為我還沒有克服恐懼。故選B。
27．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“When I was in the middle of the lake, I put my face under and saw nothing but bottomless water. I laughed and said, "Well, Mr. Terror, what do you think you can do to me?" I had conquered my fear of water.” 當(dāng)我在湖中央時(shí)，我把臉放在下面，只看到無底的水。 我笑著說：“好吧，恐怖先生，你認(rèn)為你能對我做什么？” 我克服了對水的恐懼。再結(jié)合文章，可知作者主要對自己從小害怕水又到克服水的經(jīng)歷的描述。主題應(yīng)該是克服對水的恐懼。A選項(xiàng)符合文章主題，適合做標(biāo)題，故選A。
【點(diǎn)睛】
標(biāo)題猜測題。屬于主旨大意題的一種，標(biāo)題應(yīng)位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，或句子。確定文章標(biāo)題，第一，標(biāo)題要與主題密切相關(guān)；其次，看標(biāo)題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)；第三，標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太?。蛔詈?，標(biāo)題應(yīng)新穎，概括性強(qiáng)并且精煉。小題4中A選項(xiàng)概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關(guān)，故選A。
Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, "more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter."
Smell, which dictates the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect up to 10,000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1,000 genes (基因), which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅覺) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.
However, the way genes regulate smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.
28．What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?
A．The category of food smells.
B．The logical part of human brain.
C．The nature of human olfactory system.
D．The relationship between food and feelings.
29．Which of the following can help people concentrate?
A．Bread. B．Fruits.
C．Coffee. D．Fast food.
30．What do we know from the last paragraph?
A．Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.
B．Every person has a different pattern of genes.
C．Different people are sensitive to different smells.
D．There are still some olfactory genes to be found out.
31．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Logic and behaviour.
B．Smell and its influence.
C．Sense ability and food tastes.
D．Olfactory genes and its system.

【答案】
28．C
29．C
30．C
31．B
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人類的嗅覺和它的影響。
28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅覺) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.”可知，Richard Axel and Linda Buck研究了家庭嗅覺基因并解釋了我們的嗅覺系統(tǒng)是如何工作的，即人類嗅覺系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)，故選C。
29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.”可知，檸檬和咖啡的氣味有助于提高思考和注意力，故選C。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors.”， 幾乎每個(gè)人的嗅覺感受器的活躍和不活躍模式都不同。由此判斷出，不同的人對不同的氣味敏感，故選C。
31．主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是根據(jù)第一段中Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.可知，研究人員繼續(xù)證明我們的嗅覺背后的力量。最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，比薩等食物的味道會讓道路上的司機(jī)無法控制自己的憤怒情緒。以及全文的具體說明可知，本文主要介紹了人類的嗅覺和它的影響。故選B。
It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes .They recycle their garbage because the care about the environment .They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem , by observing our own behavior .We can be strangers to ourselves .If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes .Actually , we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before .Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize .Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't .Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us .We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires .Therefore , we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
32．According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to___.
A．determine one's behavior
B．reflect one's taste
C．influence one's surroundings
D．result from one's habits
33．Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?__
A．The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B．A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C．One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D．One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
34．What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?___
A．We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B．We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C．Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D．Our characters can shape our social relationships.
35．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?___
A．Personalities and attitudes.
B．Preferences and habits.
C．Behavior and personalities.
D．Attitudes and preferences.

【答案】
32．A
33．A
34．B
35．C
【分析】
本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了行為和個(gè)性之間的關(guān)系。
32．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.可知，個(gè)性和態(tài)度通常被認(rèn)為會決定一個(gè)人的行為。故選A。
33．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段It’s undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior.可知，社會學(xué)家Daryl Bern認(rèn)為，通過觀察我們的行為可以判斷出我們是誰，因?yàn)樾袨閬碜杂谖覀兊膬?nèi)在傾向，所以返還錢包可以表明一個(gè)人的誠實(shí)。故選A。
34．
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t.（可能我們會回收是因?yàn)槿绻覀儾贿@樣做的話，我們的妻子和鄰居會反對）可知，我們可能會受到外界壓力的影響做某些事。故選B。
35．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要討論了行為和個(gè)性之間的關(guān)系。故選C。

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三、七選五
What do you order when you go to a Chinese restaurant? Do you start with an appetizer of fried dumplings and then move onto General Tso's chicken? 36．
Tofu is made from soybeans（黃豆）.There are different types of tofu, from soft creamy silken tofu to pressed extra firm tofu. The difference is the amount of water in them. The longer the tofu is pressed, the more water is squeezed out and the tofu becomes denser（更密實(shí)）and chewier.
37． In the letter to his friend John Bartram, Franklin cites（引用）a description of a type of Chinese cheese made from soybeans called "teu-fu” by Fernandez Navarette who published accounts of his travels to China in the late 1600's.
However, there isn't much documentation of tofu production in the United States. 38．
In 1917, as part of an effort to develop new sources of protein for American soldiers during World War I, the United States Department of Agriculture sent Chinese-born doctor Yamei Kin a dietitian well-known for promoting tofu as an nutritious meat alternative, to China to study soybeans 39．
It wasn't until the 1970's that tofu started to become better known, during a wave of interest in vegetarianism（素食主義），natural food, and less wasteful food sources. 40． And the restaurant. chain Chipotle successfully added tofu to its menu a few years ago.
A．Americans are not big consumers of tofu.
B．Let's take a look at tofu and its history in the United States.
C．Or do you start with deep-fried tofu and then choose Ma Po tofu instead?
D．Today, you can buy different types of tofu in many American supermarkets.
E.Despite the government's efforts, interest among the American public never picked up.
F.One of the earliest references to tofu by an American is in a letter by Benjamin Franklin.
G.It is likely that by the early 1900's, cities with large Asian populations had small tofu shops.

【答案】
36．C
37．F
38．G
39．E
40．D
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了中國的傳統(tǒng)食物豆腐及其在美國的發(fā)展。
36．由本空前面的Do you start with和下一段的后面的 Tofu is made from soybeans可以鎖定C項(xiàng)中的do you start with和tofu代入后，“或者你起初想吃脆皮豆腐后來卻選了麻婆豆腐”符合語境。故選C。
37．由本空后面的letter和下文的 Franklin可以鎖定F項(xiàng)中的 a letter by Benjamin Franklin。代入后，“在美國，其中一個(gè)最早提到豆腐的記載是本杰明·蘭克林的一封信”符合語境。故選F。
38．本空前后的時(shí)間 in the late I600’s, In1917, It wasn’t until the 1970’s可知，本文按時(shí)間順序介紹了豆腐在美國的發(fā)展史，故G項(xiàng)“可能到一十世紀(jì)早期，擁有大量亞洲人口的城市才開始有小型店”符合語境。故選G。
39．結(jié)合本空前面的In 1917, the United States Department of Agriculture sent Chinese-born doctor Yamei Kin, a dietitian well- known for promoting tofu as an nutritious meat alternative, to China to study soybeans 和本空后面的 It wasn’t until the 1970’s that tofu started to become better known可知，1917年，美國農(nóng)業(yè)部派出中國出生的醫(yī)生亞美金，一位以推廣豆腐作為營養(yǎng)肉類替代品而聞名的營養(yǎng)師，到中國來研究大豆。和本空后面的直到20世紀(jì)70年代，豆腐才開始變得更加出名。因此推斷E項(xiàng)“盡管政府努力提升美國民眾對豆腐的興趣，但收效甚微”符合語境。故選E。
40．結(jié)合本空前面提到的時(shí)間和內(nèi)容以及本空后面的 And the restaurant chain Chipotle successfully added tofu to its menu a few years ago可知，D項(xiàng)“如今，你在許多美國的超市都能買到不同的豆腐”符合語境。故選D。

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四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
41．This medicine will _____(relief)your headache. （所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）
【答案】relieve
【詳解】
考查動詞。句意：這種藥會減輕你的頭痛。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處謂語動詞使用了一般將來時(shí)：will do，所以空處需用動詞原形，relief的動詞為relieve“減輕”。故填relieve。
42．The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ (rise) by 20 percent. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】rise
【詳解】
考查虛擬語氣。句意：這家工廠的工人要求加薪20%。動詞demand表示“要求”，后接賓語從句，從句用should +動詞原形，should可以省略。根據(jù)句意，故填rise/should rise。
43．He has devoted his whole life to ________ (benefit) mankind. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】benefiting
【詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：他一生致力于造福人類。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短語“devote one’s life to doing sth.”，意為“獻(xiàn)身于做某事”，句中應(yīng)用動名詞作賓語，“benefit”意為“使受益”，動詞詞性，動名詞形式為“benefiting”。故填benefiting。
44．Teaching is not a financially ________ (reward) job. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】rewarding
【詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：教書不是一項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)上有回報(bào)的工作。分析句子可知，“job”為名詞，前面應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，“reward”意為“獎勵”，動詞詞性，對應(yīng)的形容詞為“rewarding”，意為“有報(bào)酬的，值得的”，在句中作定語。故填rewarding。
45．You can’t imagine what difficulty I had ________ (summarize) the reading assignment. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】summarizing
【詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：你無法想象我總結(jié)閱讀作業(yè)有多困難。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”，意為“做某事有困難”，句中應(yīng)用動名詞作賓語，“summarize”意為“總結(jié)”，動詞詞性，動名詞形式為“summarizing”。故填summarizing。
46．I telegraphed ________ (instant) I arrived there. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
【答案】instantly
【詳解】
考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：我一到那里就發(fā)了電報(bào)。分析句子可知，句子為時(shí)間狀語從句，空格處單詞引導(dǎo)從句，“instant”意為“立即的”，形容詞詞性，“instantly”意為“一……就……”，為連詞，用來引導(dǎo)從句。故填instantly。

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五、根據(jù)漢語意思填寫單詞
47．She showed a lack of ________ (判斷) when she gave Mark the job. (根據(jù)漢語意思單詞拼寫)
【答案】judgement
【詳解】
考查名詞。句意：她給馬克這份工作時(shí)表現(xiàn)出缺乏判斷力。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)用名詞，作賓語，根據(jù)漢語提示“判斷”可知，空格處應(yīng)用“judgement”，意為“判斷”，為不可數(shù)名詞，也可寫作“judgment”。故填judgement/judgment。
48．________ (咨詢) with your father before you decide. (根據(jù)漢語意思單詞拼寫)
【答案】Consult
【詳解】
考查動詞。句意：在你決定之前先和你父親咨詢一下。分析句子可知，句子為“before”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句為祈使句，根據(jù)漢語提示“咨詢”可知，空格處涉及單詞“consult”，意為“咨詢”，動詞詞性，祈使句動詞用原形，句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Consult。
49．They collected much money in ________ (幫助) of the sick. (根據(jù)漢語意思單詞拼寫)
【答案】aid
【詳解】
考查名詞。句意：他們籌集了很多錢來幫助病人。根據(jù)漢語提示“幫助”可知，空格處應(yīng)用“aid”，意為“幫助”，為不可數(shù)名詞，“in aid of…”意為“用以援助……”。故填aid。
50．She was deeply ________ (不安的) about the way her father treated her. (根據(jù)漢語意思單詞拼寫)
【答案】upset
【詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：她對父親對待她的方式深感不安。根據(jù)漢語提示“不安的”可知，空格處應(yīng)用“upset”，意為“不安的”，形容詞詞性，在句中作表語。故填upset。

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六、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
A 23-year-old British woman has invented a product made 51． combining fishing waste and algae(海藻).It could be used to replace plastic bags, 52． people use once and throw away. Lucy Hughes created the material, called MarinaTex. On November 13, Hughes 53． (award) the international winner of the 2019 James Dyson Award for design.
MarinaTex is stronger, 54． (safe) and much more sustainable than the plastic polyethylene(聚 乙烯).But unlike plastic, MarinaTex is also easier 55． (break) down in four to six weeks in normal conditions and does not pollute the soil. Concerned about the growing amounts of plastics in ocean waters, she is investigating ways to reduce the amount of waste from the fishing industry, which produces 56．(approximate) 50 million tons of waste worldwide each year.
57． (examine) fish parts left over from processing helped to give her the idea for a material that was useful and did not harm the environment. After months of testing, Hughes 58．(produce) a strong, flexible sheet that forms at temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius.
Hughes will receive about $41,000 in prize money as the first place 59． (win) of the James Dyson Award. She plans to use the money to further develop the product and ways to mass produce 60．

【答案】
51．by
52．which
53．was awarded
54．safer
55．to break
56．a(chǎn)pproximately
57．Examining
58．produced
59．winner
60．it
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文。介紹了一位23歲的英國婦女發(fā)明的一種通過把捕魚廢料和藻類結(jié)合起來制作出來的一種環(huán)保產(chǎn)品。
51．考查介詞。句意：一位23歲的英國婦女發(fā)明了一種通過把捕魚廢料和藻類結(jié)合起來制作出來的產(chǎn)品。by doing sth.“通過做某事”是固定搭配，根據(jù)句意，故填by。
52．考查定語從句。分析句子可知，_2___ people use once and throw away是定語從句，先行詞是plastic bags，從句中作主語，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用關(guān)系代詞which，故填which。
53．考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。award 是謂語動詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語On November 13可知，用一般過去時(shí)，award與主語Hughes是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，且主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填was awarded。
54．考查形容詞比較級。由下文的than可知用形容詞的比較級，與stronger，much more sustainable并列作表語，故填safer。
55．考查非謂語動詞。形容詞后用不定式作狀語，故填to break。
56．考查副詞。修飾動詞produces用副詞作狀語，故填approximately。
57．考查非謂語動詞。分析句子可知，_7___ (examine) fish parts作主語，用動名詞形式，且置句首單詞首字母大寫，故填Examining。
58．考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。produce作謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語After months of testing可知，用一般過去時(shí)，故填produced。
59．考查名詞。 根據(jù)語境可知，空格處指的是“獲勝者”，頭名獲勝者用單數(shù)，故填winner。
60．考查代詞。句意：她計(jì)劃用這筆錢來進(jìn)一步開發(fā)這種產(chǎn)品和大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)它的方法。因此可知，空格處指代上文提到的the product，故填it。

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七、短文改錯
61．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處.每處錯誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改.
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞.
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞：
2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。
Rope skipping is a sport suitable for people of all ages. People skip rope for fun and exercises.
Every student is able to learn to skip. You can skip alone and with your classmates. If you skip alone, you will need short rope about double the long of your height. You should turn the rope slowly so that you can skip safely. It might be help if you can sing a rhyme while skips. When you skip rope, your heart beats faster than usually and your body is stressful. Therefore, stop for a rest after you injure yourself.
So, picking up a rope, find a silly rhyme and start skipping.
【答案】第一處: exercises→exercise
第二處: and→or
第三處: need 后加 a
第四處: long→length
第五處: 去掉 help前的be 或者h(yuǎn)elp→helpful
第六處: skips→skipping
第七處: usually→usual
第八處: stressful→stressed
第九處: after→before
第十處: picking→pick
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文。介紹了跳繩是一項(xiàng)適合所有年齡段的人的運(yùn)動。跳繩可以給人們帶來樂趣，也能鍛煉身體。
【詳解】
1. 考查名詞。exercise“鍛煉”是不可數(shù)名詞，故將exercises改為exercise。
2. 考查連詞。句意：你可以自己跳或者和同學(xué)一起跳。表示選擇用or，故將and改為or。
3. 考查冠詞。rope“繩子”是可數(shù)名詞，冠詞置于形容詞修飾詞之前，故need后加a。
4. 考查名詞。冠詞修飾名詞，long“長的”是形容詞，名詞形式是length。故將long改為length。
5. 考查動詞或者形容詞。help“幫助”是動詞，might是情態(tài)動詞，接動詞原形，故去掉be；be動詞是系動詞，接形容詞作表語，helpful“有益的”。故將help改為helpful。故去掉 help前的be 或者將help改為helpful。
6. 考查非謂語動詞。while 后省略了主語you，接非謂語動詞，主語you與skip是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動關(guān)系，故將skips改為skipping。
7. 考查形容詞。than usual“比通常；比平時(shí)”，故將usually改為usual。
8. 考查形容詞。stressful“緊張的”；stressed“感到有壓力的”，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示感動有壓力的，故將stressful改為stressed。
9. 考查連詞。句意：因此，在你傷到自己之前停下來休息一下。受傷之前要停下來，避免受傷。故將after改為before。
10. 考查動詞。由下文的find和start可知，and連接并列的祈使句。故將picking改為pick。
【點(diǎn)睛】
動詞應(yīng)考慮時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，主謂一致及是否應(yīng)用謂語動詞形式。如果動詞作非謂語，則需考慮動詞作主語，賓語，應(yīng)由不定式或動名詞擔(dān)任；如果動詞作狀語或定語，需考慮住被動關(guān)系，再確定是現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞還是不定式。例如小題6，while 后省略了主語you，接非謂語動詞，主語you與skip是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動關(guān)系，故將skips改為skipping；再如小題10，由下文的find和start可知，and連接并列的祈使句。故將picking改為pick。

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八、邀請信
62．假定你是李華，星光國際中學(xué)學(xué)生會主席，你校將于10月6日舉辦慶國慶活動。請寫封郵件邀請你的外教Allen參加，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 觀看升國旗，唱國歌（national anthem）；
2. 播放視頻展示中國發(fā)展；
3. 學(xué)生節(jié)目表演；
4. 邀請外教表演節(jié)目或致辭。
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)100左右；
2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
【答案】Dear Allen,
A party intended to celebrate the 72nd anniversary of the foundation of the People’s Republic of China is due to be held. I feel greatly honored to invite you to our party.
Here are the details about the party. The celebration to be held on October 6 in our school will start at 9:00 am, lasting 4 hours. Besides, we will gather at our school hall to see the flag - raising ceremony in TV and sing our national anthem, which could arouse our patriotic enthusiasm. Additionally, a video will be shown to demonstrate our nation’s development since its foundation in 1949. Our school will also provide various activities where many students will put on some performances. Some students will play some “red songs” to praise the great Communist Party of China and our happy life. Some students will have a play named Battle of Shangganling to pay tribute to national heroes. Knowing that you take a keen interest in Chinese culture, I think it would be a great idea if you could address a speech to express your feelings.
What a thrilling opportunity! Is it a good idea for you to attend it? Waiting for your early reply.
【分析】
本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生寫封郵件，邀請外教Allen參加你校將舉辦的慶國慶活動。
【詳解】
1.詞匯積累
此外：besides→what’s more
各種各樣的：various→a variety of
發(fā)表演講：address a speech→give a speech
機(jī)會：opportunity→chance
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：The celebration to be held on October 6 in our school will start at 9:00 am, lasting 4 hours.
拓展句：The celebration which is going to be held on October 6 in our school will start at 9:00 am, lasting 4 hours.
【點(diǎn)睛】
【高分句型1】Besides, we will gather at our school hall to see the flag - raising ceremony in TV and sing our national anthem, which could arouse our patriotic enthusiasm.（運(yùn)用了which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）
【高分句型2】Our school will also provide various activities where many students will put on some performances.（運(yùn)用了where引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句）

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