
Old and New
1.1.1 集合的概念
第二課時(shí) Grammar I—Everyday English and Functin
觀察下列句子,根據(jù)句意填空。1.Lin Ta,________is ur mnitr,was praised by ur teacher yesterday.2.They have a sn and tw daughters,____________live in the city.3.Tm studies hard and likes t help thers,________is what his parents expect.4.________we all knw,the earth turns arund the sun.
5.Dn't phne Tm at tw 'clck this afternn,______he will be attending a meeting.6.Theries abut the end f the wrld n December 21,2012,based n the Mayan calendar,created chas all ver the wrld.=Theries abut the end f the wrld n December 21,2012,________ were based n the Mayan calendar, created chas all ver the wrld.
1.freezing1)adj. 極冷的;寒冷的It was freezing last night.昨夜天氣極冷。2)n. 冰凍期;冰點(diǎn)When the air temperature is belw freezing,the creature's bdy temperature drps,t.當(dāng)氣溫降到零度以下時(shí),(冬眠)動(dòng)物的體溫也隨之下降。
3)adv. 極冷地When the il is gne,everyne will be freezing cld.當(dāng)汽油用完后,大家會(huì)感到刺骨般的冷。知識(shí)拓展freeze v. 凍結(jié);冷凍freezer n. 冷凍裝置freeze-dry vt. 凍干freezing-pint n. 冰點(diǎn);凝固點(diǎn)freezing-mixture n. 冷凍劑
即學(xué)即用語法填空Withut air t hld sme f the sun's heat,the earth at night wuld be________cld—t cld fr us t live.答案:freezing “冰冷的”為freezing cld。
2.ridiculus adj. 可笑的,荒謬的,荒唐的①Yu lk ridiculus in the tight jeans.你穿上那條緊身牛仔褲樣子很可笑。②—I'm t scared t g n my wn.我很害怕,不敢自己一個(gè)人去?!狾h,dn't be ridiculus!噢,別犯傻啦!
知識(shí)拓展It is ridiculus that...……太荒唐了。It is ridiculus that we have t wait six weeks.我們得等6個(gè)星期,這太荒唐了。ridiculusly adv. 荒唐地ridiculusness n. 荒唐
即學(xué)即用單詞拼寫It seems quite________(荒謬的)t ask a child t master a freign language in such a shrt time.答案:ridiculus 句意:讓一個(gè)孩子在這么短的時(shí)間里掌握一門外語似乎很荒謬。ridiculus“荒謬的;可笑的”。
3.enrmus adj. 巨大的;龐大的The place is enrmus—larger than any building I've ever seen.這個(gè)地方太大了,比我曾經(jīng)見過的任何建筑都要大。詞語辨析:enrmus,huge,vast
①After the crash,I was faced with enrmus bills fr repairs.撞車后我面對(duì)的是一大堆修車的賬單。②In the huge library,bks upn bks lie against the walls.在那間大圖書館里,靠墻擺著大量的書。③She fund her inspiratin frm the vast Sahara Desert. 她從廣闊的撒哈拉沙漠中找到了靈感。
即學(xué)即用單詞拼寫—Is it a large building?—Large—it's abslutely________(巨大的).答案:enrmus 句意“那是一座很大的建筑物吧?”“大,而且是絕對(duì)的大?!盿bslutely enrmus意為“絕對(duì)的(巨)大”,副詞修飾形容詞,用以加強(qiáng)語氣,承接前文肯定語意。
表解語法助記1.非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充附帶說明的作用,與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切,缺少也不會(huì)影響對(duì)全句的理解。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)隔開。(1)非限制性定語從句
(2)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別:
2.定語從句的縮略形式有些含有定語從句的復(fù)合句很復(fù)雜,不容易理解,這就需要我們將其縮略,把含有定語從句的復(fù)合句縮略為簡(jiǎn)單句,縮略方式主要有以下幾種:
即學(xué)即用語法填空(1)Ellen was a painter f birds and f nature,________,fr sme reasn,had withdrawn frm all human sciety.答案:wh 本題考查定語從句。句意:艾倫是畫鳥類和大自然的,由于某種原因,她退出了一切社會(huì)活動(dòng)。先行詞是Ellen,定語從句中缺少主語,故用wh引導(dǎo)從句。
(2)My friend shwed me rund the twn,________was very kind f him.答案:which 本題題意:我的朋友帶我到這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子里到處看了看,他人真好。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,并在從句中擔(dān)任主語。(3)Life is like a lng race________we cmpete with thers t g beynd urselves.答案:where/in which 考查定語從句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作狀語,相當(dāng)于in which。句意:生活就像是長(zhǎng)跑,我們?cè)谶@場(chǎng)比賽中通過與別人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而超越自我。
(4)Whenever I met her,________was fairly ften,she greeted me with a sweet smile.答案:which 本題考查非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法,指代前面一個(gè)句子,故用which。(5)Such pets as Shakespeare ________ widely read,f whse wrks,hwever,sme ________ difficult t understand.答案:are;are 考查主謂一致。主句中的主語應(yīng)為pets,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),其后的非限制性定語從句的主語應(yīng)為sme f whse wrks,謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)。
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.She died in________(嚴(yán)寒的)weather in a miserable cttage they shared.2.It is________(荒唐的)t spend all her salary buying that s-called antique.3.The csts f develping the new mineral discveries are________(巨大的).
4.If a war breaks ut,many ther cuntries will be ______________(影響).5.We were cmpletely________(筋疲力盡)after a day's hard wrk.答案:1.freezing 2.ridiculus 3.enrmus 4.affected 5.exhausted
5.They shuld________that ridiculus war.6.Jhn's letter desn't________;it is neither rhyme nr reasn.答案:1.was;delighted with 2.was astnished at 3.is full f 4.freezing pint 5.bring an end t 6.make sense
Ⅲ.語法填空1.The Smith's family,which________rather a large ne,________very fnd f their ld huse.答案:was;were 句意為:史密斯先生的家庭是個(gè)相當(dāng)大的家庭,他的家人都喜歡他們的老房子。which指代family(家庭),故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);be fnd f意為“喜歡”,故此處的family指家人,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
2.We have eight freign teachers in ur schl,five f________are yung ladies.答案:whm 句意為:我們學(xué)校有8個(gè)外教,其中5個(gè)是年輕女士。先行詞為teachers,且橫線前面有介詞f,故用whm。3.The factry prduces half a millin pairs f shes every year,80%________are sld abrad.答案:f which 此處的80%指代80%pairs f shes,前后句子之間的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)為逗號(hào),故用f which。
4.Jane is a nurse in the hspital,________she learned in a lcal medical schl.答案:befre which 句意:Jane現(xiàn)在是這家醫(yī)院的一名護(hù)士,在這之前,她在一所當(dāng)?shù)刈o(hù)校學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)可知,此處考查非限定性定語從句,其中which指代前面的句子,因此用befre which。
5.There are tw buildings,the larger________stands nearly a hundred feet high.答案:f which 由標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)可知,此處的兩個(gè)句子不是并列句,the larger f which相當(dāng)于f which the larger。6.Old Tm is a man f great knwledge,________much can be learned. 答案:frm whm 句意為:老湯姆是個(gè)有學(xué)問的人,從他身上能學(xué)到很多東西。learn sth.frm sb.意為“從某人身上學(xué)到某事”,此處介詞frm提前。
7.Every year this farmer can prduce abut 300 kilgrams f tea,________90% is sld ut even at hme.答案:f which 此處的90%指代90% tea,是abut 300 kilgrams其中的一部分,故應(yīng)用介詞f,再根據(jù)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)可知,此處考查非限定性定語從句,f which 90%相當(dāng)于90% f which。
8.Many children,________parents are away wrking in big cities,are taken gd care f in the village.答案:whse 句意為:很多孩子在農(nóng)村得到很好的照顧,這些孩子的父母都在大城市里打工。whse parents意為“他們的父母”。
9.My friend shwed me rund the twn,________was very kind f him.答案:which 從標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)可知,此處考查非限定性定語從句,且從句中缺少was的主語,which指代前面的句子。10.________yu can see,Tm is the tallest by in his class.答案:As as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句,指代后面的句子,且在從句中作動(dòng)詞see的賓語。
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