?Unit 1　Science Fiction
Reading and Thinking
詞匯積淀·素養(yǎng)初探
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)語境及漢語提示寫出正確的單詞或短語
1. science fiction　　　　　　　　　科幻小說?
2. get a bonus 得到獎(jiǎng)金
3. his wisdom and integrity 他的智慧和正直
4. treat sb. with dignity 尊敬地對待某人
5. have an appointment 有個(gè)約會
6. paint nails 涂指甲油
7. a successful saleswoman 一名成功的女推銷員
8. a light suspended from the celling 懸在天花板上的燈
9. dismiss workers 解雇工人
10. declare war 宣戰(zhàn)
11. fall off the ladder 從梯子上掉下來
Ⅱ. 選詞填空
test out, more like, take notes, experiment with, or rather, go downtown, fall off, in time
1. He shall not get so angry. What we have gotten here is more like a quarrel than a debate. ?
2. By the end of June, China had built 410, 000 5G base stations, laying a foundation for local companies to experiment with new applications. ?
3. He studied till late last night, or rather, early this morning. ?
4. The press is now being given a chance to test out the new device. ?
5. I’ve no objection to that. Even when you take notes as we talked, it’s easy to miss something. ?
6. If they can’t get it to us in time, we’ll just have to do without. ?
7. The girl lost her balance and fell off the balance beam. ?
8. Could you please tell me which bus I should take to go downtown? ?
閱讀精研·素養(yǎng)構(gòu)建
Ⅰ. 文本整體理解: 理清文章架構(gòu)
Characters:
Larry Belmont: An employee at a robot 1. company.
Claire: Larry Belmont’s 2. wife.
Tony: A 3. robot.
Gladys Claffern: Claire’s neighbour.
Storyline:
Para. 1　A robot is to be tested out.
Para. 2　The robot , Tony, is tested out in Claire’s 4. house.
Para. 3　Tony can serve breakfast.
Para. 4　Tony can show 5. sympathy to Claire.
Para. 5　Tony can read books.
Para. 6　Tony helps Claire improve her 6. makeup and helps her gain respect.
Para. 7　Tony gives Claire a good suggestion.
Para. 8　Tony protects Claire from falling off the ladder.
Para. 9　Tony expresses his heart/love to Claire.
Ⅱ. 文本細(xì)節(jié)理解: 探尋語篇細(xì)節(jié)信息
1. What does Larry Belmont think of testing out the robot in his house?
A. It is an extra benefit. 　　　B. It is his responsibility.
C. It helps improve his house. D. It can make Claire happy.
2. How did Claire feel when Tony offered to help her get dressed?
A. Proud. 　　B. Happy. 　　C. Guilty. 　　D. Embarrassed.
3. Why does Tony work on the house improvement?
A. Because Claire wants to hold a party in her house.
B. Because Claire plans to give Larry a surprise.
C. Because Claire doesn’t think it good enough for Larry.
D. Because Claire intends to make the best of Tony.
4. What does Gladys Claffern think of the relationship between Claire and Tony?
A. Friends. B. Lovers. C. Relatives. D. Colleagues.
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Tony falls in love with Claire.
B. Tony will have a rest that night.
C. Tony will stay with Claire forever.
D. Tony, the robot needs to be improved.
答案: 1～5. ADCBA
Ⅲ. 文本素養(yǎng)提升: 閱讀技能綜合運(yùn)用
1. 根據(jù)課文語境與語句知識細(xì)致解構(gòu)語句
Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially ?
主語　　謂語　 　賓語　　　補(bǔ)語
as her husband would be away on a business trip for?
　　　　　　　　　狀 語 從 句
three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot ?
　　　 并列連詞 主語　　謂語　賓語
wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. ?
　賓 語 從 句
譯文: 克萊爾不想讓機(jī)器人出現(xiàn)在她的家里, 尤其是因?yàn)樗恼煞蛞霾钊齻€(gè)星期, 但是拉里說服了她, 機(jī)器人不會傷害她, 也不會允許她受到傷害。
2. 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容填空
　　A robot named Tony was sent to Claire’s house (1)to be tested (test) out. He looked like a real man, tall and handsome with smooth hair (2)and a deep voice. Not only did he look like a human, but he (3)behaved (behave) like a real man. He did everything to comfort Claire. He prepared breakfast in (4)the morning. He even tried to help Claire get (5)dressed (dress), which made Claire feel embarrassed. When he heard that Claire was not (6)satisfied (satisfy) with her house, he began to improve it. When he learned that Claire was jealous of another lady, he helped to improve (7)her (she) makeup and make Gladys and her friends admire Claire by (8)holding (hold) a party at home. ?
　　Tony was only a robot, but he could do and think (9)exactly (exact) like a real man. He even fell in love with his hostess, Claire, near the end of the test. (10)What an excellent science fiction it is!
3. 閱讀主題活動(dòng)
Talk about the following questions in pairs and find out the best answer.
(1)Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot? Why?
No, I don’t think that a person would love a robot. Because a robot is just a machine that has no emotions and facial expressions. ?
(2)What relationship do you think will develop between humans and robots in the future?
A robot will become the right-hand man of humans and can do almost everything under the command of man. ?
要點(diǎn)精研·素養(yǎng)奠基
1. experiment with 用……做實(shí)驗(yàn)
*She picked up the microphone and began to experiment with the switches.
她拿起話筒, 開始試撥開關(guān)。
*Supposing you want to experiment with electricity, what materials would you use?
假設(shè)你想做關(guān)于電的實(shí)驗(yàn), 你需要什么材料呢?

(1)experiment　　　　　　v. 做實(shí)驗(yàn)
experiment on/ upon. . . 在……上做實(shí)驗(yàn)
(2)experiment n. 實(shí)驗(yàn), 試驗(yàn); 嘗試
do/perform/conduct/carry out an experiment
做實(shí)驗(yàn)
an experiment in sth. 某方面的試驗(yàn)
【即學(xué)活用】語法填空
(1)Many small businesses were anxious to experiment with computers.
(2)No matter how great the difficulty is, we should experiment on this kind of product successfully.
(3)Scientists have been conducting laboratory experiments (experiment) for 20 years to explore this possibility.
(4)She bought a cook book and followed it as carefully as if she were doing an experiment in physics.
2. test out 檢驗(yàn); 測試
*Working in the research institute gave me a chance to test out some of the latest ideas in economics.
在這所研究所里工作使我有機(jī)會全面檢驗(yàn)一下經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的某些最新觀點(diǎn)。
*We are not ready to go into production yet. The new switch mechanism is not fully tested out.
我們還沒有準(zhǔn)備投產(chǎn)。新的開關(guān)裝置尚在試驗(yàn)過程中。

(1)test sb. /sth. (for sth. )
　　　　　　　　　　　　(為……而)測驗(yàn)/考查/試驗(yàn)/檢查/化驗(yàn)?zāi)橙?物
test sth. 考驗(yàn)……, 測試……
test sth. out 對……進(jìn)行檢測
(2)test n. 測驗(yàn); 考查
take / do a test 參加測驗(yàn)
pass/fail a test 通過╱沒有通過測驗(yàn)
put sb. /sth. to the test 使……受考驗(yàn); 使……受檢驗(yàn)
stand the test of time 經(jīng)得起時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)
【即學(xué)活用】語法填空
(1)There is no doubt that higher-risk professions and communities should be the first to be tested(test). ?
(2)The model must be tested out before you put the product on sale.
(3)The recent quarrels in the artistic circles will put both sides to the test.
3. bonus　n. 意外收獲; 獎(jiǎng)金; 紅利
*To show our appreciation for all your hard work, we’d like to give you a bonus.
為了對你的辛勤工作表示感謝, 我們要給你發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金。
*In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 25 yuan per month.
除工資外, 他每月還有二十五元錢的獎(jiǎng)金。

bonus　　　　　　　n. 獎(jiǎng)金; 紅利; 額外津貼
annual bonus 年終分紅
year-end bonus 年終獎(jiǎng)金, 年終額外補(bǔ)貼
cash bonus 現(xiàn)金紅利
Holiday Bonus 假日禮物
【易混辨析】“獎(jiǎng)金、回報(bào)”集萃
bonus
強(qiáng)調(diào)額外的回報(bào), 獎(jiǎng)金之類
reward
強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)得的回報(bào), 報(bào)酬
award
(在某方面杰出而受到認(rèn)可的)獎(jiǎng)品, 獎(jiǎng)(項(xiàng))
prize
(比賽、競賽中獲得的)獎(jiǎng)品, 獎(jiǎng)金
【即學(xué)活用】選詞填空(award/prize/reward/bonus)
(1)The firm recognized Tom’s outstanding work by giving him an extra bonus.
(2)The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of reward.
(3)The actor won an Academy Award for his role in the film.
(4)First prize in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice.
4. appointment n. 預(yù)約; 約會; 委任
*She arranged an appointment for Friday afternoon at 4: 15.
她安排了一個(gè)約會, 時(shí)間是星期五下午4: 15。
*If you phone for an appointment in advance, it’ll save you waiting.
如果你提前電話預(yù)約, 就不用等了。
*I hope you don’t mind me stopping in like this, without an appointment.
我沒有事先約定就冒昧拜訪, 希望你別介意。

(1)make an appointment with sb. 　與某人做約定
have an appointment 有約會
keep/break an appointment with. . . 守/違(爽)約
(2) appoint sb. as/to be. . . 任命某人為……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(3) appointed adj. 被委任的, 指定的, 約定的
【即學(xué)活用】語法填空
(1)Patients can make an appointment after registering through the hospital app or mini-programs on WeChat.
(2)I’d like to set up a doctor’s appointment (appoint)as soon as possible.
(3)I am very sorry, I will not be able to keep my appointment with you on Thursday.
(4)Our visitors arrived at the appointed(appoint)time.
5. dismiss vt. 讓(某人)離開; 解散; 解雇; 清除
* In consequence of his bad work, I was forced to dismiss him.
他工作表現(xiàn)不好, 所以我只好辭退他。
*He tried without success to dismiss her/her memory from his thoughts.
他盡量不去想她, 然而無濟(jì)于事。
*Emil tried to dismiss from his mind the horrible thoughts.
艾米爾竭力從心頭排除掉這些可怕的想法。

dismiss sb. / sth. (as)　　　　　開除; 解雇; 摒棄; 對……不屑一提
dismiss sth. from 去除; 消除; 摒除
dismiss sb. from 解雇; 免職; 開除
dismiss fear from one’s mind 消除某人心里的恐懼
　【即學(xué)活用】寫出下列句中黑體詞的含義
(1)Though he had stolen from his employers, they did not dismiss him, out of consideration for his family. (解雇)
(2)Dorothy was ready to dismiss the idea of making too large a hole in Mother’s cheque. (摒除)
(3)At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed. (解散)
(4)Most ordinary doctors, however, dismiss this as complete nonsense. (不予考慮)
6. declare vt. 表明; 宣稱; 公布; 申報(bào)
*We must declare war against gang of terrorists.
我們必須向恐怖集團(tuán)宣戰(zhàn)。
*We declare these goods to be of China origin.
我們聲明這些產(chǎn)品的原產(chǎn)地為中國。
*You must declare your camera at the Customs.
你必須在海關(guān)申報(bào)你的照相機(jī)。

declare for/against　　　　　聲明贊成/反對
declare war on/against 向……宣戰(zhàn)
declare. . . to be/as. . . 宣布……為/是……
declare that. . . 宣告; 宣稱
nothing to declare 綠色通道; 不需報(bào)關(guān)
【易混辨析】
declare
正式用法, 用于比較嚴(yán)肅和重大的場合
announce
一般用法, 生活中常見的通知, 宣布(結(jié)果, 決定等)
claim
用于發(fā)表個(gè)人意見, 索賠, 認(rèn)領(lǐng)等
　【即學(xué)活用】(1)語法填空
①The opening of the 13th National Games of PRC was declared (declare) on August 27, 2017 in Tianjin. ?
②The government has declared war on/against drug dealers.
③The students declare against cheating in exams.
(2)She declared that she didn’t want to forgive him. ?
她宣稱她不想原諒他。
(3)Soon they will declare her to be/as the leader of the company. ?
很快他們就會宣布她為公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。
7. whereas conj. 然而; 但是; 盡管
*The truth is that the local hospitals and laboratories charge around HK$1, 500 to 3, 000 per test, whereas the test used on the mainland costs only HK$15.
事實(shí)是, 當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院和實(shí)驗(yàn)室的每次檢測收費(fèi)在港幣1 500至3 000元之間, 而內(nèi)地的檢測收費(fèi)僅為港幣15元。
*His children are well bred, whereas those of his sister are naughty.
他的孩子們很有教養(yǎng), 但他姐姐的孩子們卻調(diào)皮得很。

表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ鹊脑~常見的有:
however　　　　adv. 無論如何; 不管怎樣; 然而; 可是
while conj. (對比兩件事物)而; 雖然, 盡管
nevertheless adv. /conj. 然而, 不過; 雖然如此
but conj. 但是; 而是; 然而
yet conj. 但是; 然而
　【即學(xué)活用】
(1) Some of the studies show positive results, whereas /while others do not. ?
一些研究顯示了積極的結(jié)果, 而另一些則沒有。
(2) The winter in Beijing is very cold while/whereas that of Kunming is warm. ?
北京的冬天很冷, 而昆明的冬天很暖和。
8. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. ?
她剛一轉(zhuǎn)過身來, 就看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那兒。
【句式解構(gòu)】該句為倒裝句。引起完全倒裝的幾種情形:
(1)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方位副詞位于句首。
(2)介詞短語位于句首。
(3)作表語的分詞、不定式、形容詞等位于句首。
*There stands an old temple which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
這里矗立著一座追溯到明代的古寺。
*In the center of our school lies our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building.
我們的圖書館坐落于學(xué)校的中心, 就在花園和教學(xué)樓中間。
*Present at the evening party was our favourite English teacher.
我們最喜歡的英語老師出席了晚會。
【名師點(diǎn)津】
當(dāng)主語是人稱代詞時(shí), 不用倒裝語序。
In he came and the lesson began.
他走進(jìn)來開始上課。
　【即學(xué)活用】
(1)In the front of the stage stood a famous singer. ?
臺前站著一位著名歌手。
(2)Among these people was his friend Jim. ?
他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當(dāng)中。
(3)Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students. ?
參觀長城的有200名美國大學(xué)生。
(4)The door opened and in came Mr Smith. ?
門開了, 史密斯先生走了進(jìn)來。
【要點(diǎn)拾遺】
1. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. ?
被她發(fā)現(xiàn)是多么可怕啊, 克萊爾想。
【句式解構(gòu)】該句為How 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句, 除此之外, what也可以引導(dǎo)感嘆句。
(1)how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
①How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!
*How fast he runs!
他跑得多快啊!
②How +形容詞+ a/an +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!
*How beautiful a girl she is!
她是個(gè)多么漂亮的姑娘啊!
③How +主語+謂語!
*How time flies! 光陰似箭!
(2)what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu):
①What + a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!
*What a nice present it is!
這是一件多么好的禮物啊!
② What +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語+謂語!
*What beautiful flowers they are!
它們是多么漂亮的花啊!
③What +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!
*What fine weather it is today!
今天天氣多好啊!
　【即學(xué)活用】選詞填空(what/how)
(1)What beautiful music we are listening to!
(2)What an interesting subject it is!
(3)How happily the dolphin is playing!
(4)How beautiful a picture Jill is drawing!
2. He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. ?
他建議她在他即將離開, 拉里即將回來的前一天晚上邀請格拉迪斯和她的朋友們到家里來。
【句式解構(gòu)】
suggest后面的賓語從句用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。表示“要求, 建議, 命令”意義的動(dòng)詞, 后面的賓語從句要用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”虛擬語氣, should可以省略。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有: insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask 等。
*He insisted that I (should) go with them.
他堅(jiān)持要我同他們一起去。
*He ordered that it (should) be sent back.
他命令把它送回去。
*The doctor advised (suggested) that he (should) not smoke.
醫(yī)生建議他不要抽煙。
　【即學(xué)活用】
(1)He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. ?
他建議我們留下吃飯。
(2)It was proposed that this matter (should) be discussed next time. ?
有人提議這事下次再討論。
(3)他要求我出場。
譯: He requires that I (should) appear. ?

1. The whole idea of comparing different countries’ death rates is absurd, as this is not a death competition.
比較不同國家死亡率的整個(gè)想法是荒謬的, 因?yàn)檫@不是一場死亡競賽。
2. On issues concerning China’s core interests and national dignity, there is simply no room for us to back down.
在涉及中國核心利益和民族尊嚴(yán)的問題上, 我們沒有退路。
3. In the capital Tokyo, 263 new infections were confirmed. Tokyo Governor Yuriko Koike said she would declare a state of emergency in the capital if necessary.
在首都東京, 有263名新感染者被確診。東京都知事小池百合子(Yuriko Koike)說, 如果有必要, 她將宣布東京進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)。
課時(shí)檢測·素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 根據(jù)語境及漢語提示寫出正確的單詞或短語
1. It certainly wasn’t as good as other science fiction(科幻)films I’ve ever seen. ?
2. Several retail stores later opened in nearby towns, providing a bonus(紅利)to villagers.
3. It is ridiculous(荒謬的)that people can jump to such conclusions without any factual evidence to back them up.
4. From that simple truth students learn to respect the dignity(尊嚴(yán))of every single person.
5. Even if the epidemic(流行病)is over, visitors have to make an appointment(預(yù)約) before entering a scenic spot.
6. We presume you are guilty(有罪的), unless you can prove otherwise; and we decide if you have done so.
7. Shenzhen checked all chain stores of the supermarket, which were ordered to suspend(暫緩) business and online sales.
8. He was dismissed(解雇)from the service for his careless behaviors.
9. If you insist, we have to declare(宣布)the meeting off.
10. Nearly 40 percent of the respondents express concern about the law, whereas(然而) 58 percent say they are not worried at all.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. He wished to test out the item before selling it. ?
他希望在出售前先檢驗(yàn)一下這件商品。
2. The space suit he wears had a name in science fiction even before it existed in reality. ?
他所穿的航天服, 甚至在制成之前, 科學(xué)幻想小說中就有這個(gè)叫法了。
3. For Chinese applicants, the first step in applying for a visa is to make an appointment by calling 65325305. ?
對于申請(赴美)簽證的中國人來說, 第一步是通過撥打電話65325305來預(yù)約面談時(shí)間。
4. If you violate the rules here, we shall have to dismiss you from the post. ?
如果你違反了這里的規(guī)定, 我們將不得不開除你。
5. Some people like coffee, whereas/while others like tea. ?
有人喜歡咖啡, 然而也有人喜歡茶。
6. I’ve got a new flat, or rather a large room. ?
我有一套新住房, 或者更確切地說, 有一個(gè)大房間。
7. It is ridiculous to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow. ?
預(yù)言明天太陽將不升起是荒唐可笑的。
8. Peter’s parents (have) changed their attitude toward the captain’s daughter Maria. ?
彼得的父母改變了對上尉的女兒, 瑪利亞的看法。
Ⅲ. 結(jié)合課文主題, 使用本單元詞匯與句型寫一篇50詞左右的短文
1. 我曾經(jīng)夢想著在家里擁有一個(gè)機(jī)器人來照顧(look after)我的一切。
2. 雖然我們家里已經(jīng)有許多機(jī)器幫我們干活, 但會說話, 會思考的機(jī)器仍然處于檢測(test out)階段。
3. 我相信, 很快, 家庭機(jī)器人將不再是虛構(gòu)的小說(science fiction), 而是科學(xué)現(xiàn)實(shí)。
I used to dream of having a robot at home to look after everything for me. Although we already have a lot of machines working for us at home, the talking, thinking machines are still being tested out in labs. In my view, soon, home robots will no longer be a science fiction but a scientific fact. ?
課時(shí)素養(yǎng)評價(jià)
一　Unit 1　Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. The new robot is going to be tested (test) out by Larry’s wife, Claire. ?
2. Jack didn’t answer my question and his facial(face)expression didn’t change.
3. The boy felt embarrassed(embarrass) at his mistaking a stranger for his teacher.
4. I think both of them will be glad to accompany (accompany) our honored guest. ?
5. People are discouraged from participating in too many on-site appointments (appointment) in order to stop further spread of the virus.
6. By the side of the temple there stands (stand) the Druggist Pagoda.
7. They have suspended(suspend) the delivery so far as they have to check the quality of their goods. ?
8. It is better to dismiss(dismiss) the player as he often makes trouble and doesn’t work hard. ?
9. Are you carrying any items that need to be declared (declare)? ?
10. We’ll be arriving (arrive) by car about ten o’clock on Friday night.
Ⅱ. 選詞填空
test out, experiment with, on a business trip, more like, look after, or rather, go downtown, in time, come up with, make an appointment with
1. She behaves towards me more like a friend than a mother. ?
2. I am going on a business trip with my boss tomorrow. ?
3. The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs. ?
4. We should advertise for someone to look after the garden. ?
5. Scientists experimented with military rockets in the early research, which prepared the ground for space travel. ?
6. Americans, or rather Afro - Americans are good at jazz music. ?
7. It is necessary for you to make an appointment with the doctor before you go to see him. ?
8. Based on this plan, the municipal government has come up with 78 detailed tasks, of which 45 have been completed so far. ?
9. He braked his car just in time to avoid an accident. ?
10. I will need to go downtown to the Bank this afternoon. ?
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. It’s ridiculous that we should have to queue, when we have already got our tickets. ?
我們已經(jīng)拿到了票, 居然還要排隊(duì), 這很可笑。
2. I am firmly persuaded that (說服)such is the fact. ?
3. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(鎖著門). ?
4. I admire his talent (欣賞他的才華) for putting different elements, colors and layers into contemporary and functional fashion design. ?
5. He was drawn on by the hope of improving his own social position (提高自己的社會地位)and that of his family. ?
6. This company promised to offer (承諾提供)real-time tourism product inventory with competitive prices to its competitors. ?
7. The picture was nailed on the wall so that we could remind ourselves of our goals. ?
這張照片被釘在墻上, 以便于我們可以提醒自己我們的目標(biāo)。
8. Through effort on our part, some of them may change their attitude(改變他們的態(tài)度), but perhaps not all can do so. ?
9. On the top of the mountain stands an ancient tower(矗立著一座古塔). ?
10. Much to our amazement, they declared war on us(對我們宣戰(zhàn)). ?

Ⅰ. 閱讀理解
　　Robots have certain advantages compared to humans: They are efficient, tireless, can be repaired when damaged and they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. While hundreds of thousands of medical workers have fallen ill dealing with this highly infectious virus and a lot more are forced to stay at home for fear of getting the disease, this isn’t a problem for robots.
　　This is why the COVID-19 outbreak is seen as the “tipping point”—noted The Independent Science reporter Anthony Cuthbertson---for robots to start to replace humans in certain jobs.
　　In areas like hospitals and healthcare facilities, robots are used to perform high-risk tasks. In China, for example, a hotel in Hangzhou employed a robot named “Little Peanut” to deliver food to people under quarantine(隔離期). In Spain, robots are about to be used to test people for the coronavirus. Ultraviolet-light-disinfection (紫外線消毒) robots are also being widely used to clean hospital corridors and wards.
　　“Hospitals around the world are waking up to autonomous disinfection, ” Per Juul Nielsen, CEO of Denmark’s UVD Robots, a leading company manufacturing disinfection robots, told Forbes. “We can’t build these robots fast enough. ”
　　In non-medical companies, robots are also replacing human employees since they don’t have the problem of social distancing and will never take sick leave. Walmart and Amazon, for example, where robots are already used in sorting, packing and shipping, are planning to increase the number of robots in their facilities. Fast-food chains like McDonald’s are not only delivering food with robots in some areas, but also looking to use them as cooks and servers.
　　According to futurist Martin Ford, using more robots than human employees can prove to be rewarding for companies---even when the pandemic is over. “People will prefer to go to a place that has fewer workers and more machines because they feel they can lower overall risk, ” Ford told the BBC.
　　But this sudden surge (激增) in robot demand doesn’t mean that they triumph over humans in every aspect. According to Bill Smart, a roboticist at Oregon State University, the human contact between doctors and patients is still important. Doctors comfort the patients and guide them through hard decisions while robots are only doing routine tasks, like cleaning and giving tests, just to free up doctors and nurses.
　　It might be true that robots have certain advantages over humans, but they are still secondary to human interaction.
【文章大意】這是一篇科普說明文。通過實(shí)例說明機(jī)器人的用途: 在與新冠病毒疫情作斗爭中發(fā)揮作用, 能代替人類做一些人類所不能做的工作等, 但這不代表機(jī)器人最終能代替人類。機(jī)器人的確有優(yōu)點(diǎn), 但仍然在人類互動(dòng)上略輸一籌。
1. What is the text mainly about?
A. The advantages of robots compared to humans.
B. Different views toward applying robots to fight against COVID-19.
C. Why the COVID-19 outbreak has fueled robot demand.
D. The important role humans play in certain areas.
【解析】選C。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“這正是為什么新冠疫情爆發(fā)被看作是機(jī)器人在某些特定的工作中開始代替人類的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)的原因?！奔跋挛慕又v機(jī)器人是如何代替人類做一些特定工作的?？梢酝茢喑鲂鹿谝咔榈谋l(fā), 實(shí)際上促進(jìn)了機(jī)器人的使用、發(fā)展和壯大, 故選C。
2. What has made robots desirable during the pandemic according to the text?
A. They can be repaired when damaged.
B. They test people for coronavirus more precisely.
C. They never get tired and can replace doctors and nurses.
D. They are not vulnerable to the coronavirus.
【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“they never get sick. This last trait has made them the star during our fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. ”可知, 機(jī)器人不會生病, 它們不受新冠病毒的傷害, 所以受到人們的歡迎。故選D。
3. What does Martin Ford think of the application of robots?
A. Its benefits are appealing and lasting.
B. Machines are less disturbing than humans.
C. It poses a threat to human employment.
D. There are some risks with the use of robots.
【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)未來主義者馬丁·福特的觀點(diǎn), 使用更多的機(jī)器人而不是更多的勞動(dòng)力能夠證明這對公司是有回報(bào)的。哪怕是在疫情結(jié)束以后?？芍xA。
4. What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs?
A. The demand for robots is too great to meet.
B. Human interaction is essential in some areas.
C. Doctors can make more accurate judgments than robots.
D. Robots need updating to improve contact with humans.
【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知機(jī)器人雖然可以替代人類做一些事情, 但僅限于做一些機(jī)械的工作, 比如日常事務(wù)等。而在人類情感交流方面, 機(jī)器人卻達(dá)不到要求。這說明人與人之間最重要的超越機(jī)器人的品質(zhì)就是能夠互動(dòng)。因此文章最后一段提到也許機(jī)器人在某些特定的品質(zhì)上優(yōu)于人類, 但它們在人類互動(dòng)上仍然略輸一籌。故選B。
Ⅱ. 閱讀填句
　　根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Secrets of People Who Stay Happy in Setbacks (挫折)
　　Bad things happen both personally and professionally. In the face of these setbacks, some people seem to fall apart, while others find ways to move forward and continue to get things done. Are there things you can do to be resilient (有適應(yīng)力的)? 　1　 ?
　　Understand what you can control and what you can’t. The first is to be clear about what factors are under your control. 　2　 As you are occupied in those actions, you will find that you feel better about your work and will also be more productive. ?
　　Surround yourself with people even if you don’t feel like it. Next, engage with other people. When you are sad or stressed, you often don’t want to be around others. 　3　 When you talk about what is making you sad or anxious, you often find that other people have had similar experiences that they can share. In addition, social connection is motivating and can help you to focus on tasks that need to be done. ?
　　　4　Finally, go out of your way to give a positive interpretation (理解) of the actions of others. Your negative thoughts will influence the interpretation you give to their actions that can cause you to interact with their anger or mistrust. They will notice your attitude and treat you accordingly. Similarly, when you interpret the actions of other people positively, you are more likely to create good interactions with others. ?
　　　5　 They will also help you feel better, because each success you have will boost your attitude toward the future. ?
A. Look for an easy win.
B. Give everyone the benefit of the doubt.
C. The answer to this question is yes—to a point.
D. But there are several advantages to social engagement.
E. Focus on actions you can take that will make your situation better.
F. These strategies will help you to minimize the influence of bad events on your life.
G. Instead, find something in your work life that you can complete quickly and successfully.
【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。作者談?wù)摿嗽诖煺壑斜３挚鞓返拿孛堋?br /> 1. 【解析】選C。上文提到: 你是否可以做些什么來提升適應(yīng)力呢? 這里提出了一個(gè)問題, 該空回答這個(gè)問題。C選項(xiàng)“在某種程度上, 這個(gè)問題的答案是肯定的”很好地承接了上文。選項(xiàng)中的this question是關(guān)鍵詞, 指代上文中提出的問題。
2. 【解析】選E。上文提到“首先要清楚哪些因素在你的控制之下?！痹摽铡皩Ｗ⒂谀憧梢圆扇〉男袆?dòng), 這會讓你的處境變得更好?！边@正是上文“清楚在你控制之下的因素”的具體體現(xiàn)。E選項(xiàng)中的make your situation better對應(yīng)下文中的feel better about your work and will also be more productive。
3. 【解析】選D。上文, 當(dāng)你感到悲傷或有壓力時(shí), 你通常不想和別人在一起。設(shè)空處表示轉(zhuǎn)折, 但是, 參加社交活動(dòng)是有好處的。D選項(xiàng)承接上下文, 選項(xiàng)中的social engagement 對應(yīng)下文中的that other people have had similar experiences that they can share。
4. 【解析】選B。下文“最后, 對別人的行為做出積極的解釋。”B選項(xiàng)“假定每個(gè)人都是無辜的”適合作本段落的小標(biāo)題, 選項(xiàng)中的“benefit”對應(yīng)下文中的positive。
5. 【解析】選F。下文“它們也會讓你感覺更好, 因?yàn)槊恳淮纬晒Χ紩嵘銓ξ磥淼膽B(tài)度。”下文“will also help”對應(yīng)F選項(xiàng)中的“will help”, 下文是對該空進(jìn)一步的說明。
閱讀理解
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
　　“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components, ” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, ” he said.
　　They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to, ” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
　　While this first robotic fly is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically, it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said.
　　Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead, ” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drive us on a day to day basis. ”
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文, 主要說明了哈佛大學(xué)的一組工程師受到大自然的啟發(fā), 創(chuàng)造了第一只機(jī)器蒼蠅。文章還說明了設(shè)計(jì)這種機(jī)器蒼蠅遇到的困難和該飛行裝置的應(yīng)用區(qū)域, 這種設(shè)計(jì)為研究飛行力學(xué)和昆蟲控制提供了一種新方法。
1. Which of the following statements was the difficulty engineers met while making the robotic fly?
A. They did not have sufficient fund.
B. No ready-made components were available.
C. There was no model in their mind.
D. It was hard for them to assemble the components.
【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“像這樣的項(xiàng)目還有一個(gè)額外的困難, 那就是這些組件都不是現(xiàn)成的, 所以我們必須自己開發(fā)?！庇纱丝芍? 工程師們在讓機(jī)器人飛行時(shí)遇到的困難是沒有現(xiàn)成的組件。故選B。
2. What do we know about the robotic fly?
A. The robotic fly has been put into wide application.
B. The robotic fly consists of a flight device and a control system.
C. The robotic fly can collect information from many sources.
D. The robotic fly can fly well with the cooperation of individual components.
【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it’s connected to. (每一個(gè)單獨(dú)的必須運(yùn)行良好, 然后必須很好地匹配它所連接的一切。)”可推知, 機(jī)器蒼蠅需要各部分協(xié)作發(fā)揮作用。故選D。
3. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic fly can replace animals in some experiments.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. The robotic fly is designed to learn about insects.
D. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“你可以開始考慮用它們來回答開放式的科學(xué)問題, 你知道, 用動(dòng)物來研究生物學(xué)很難, 可以用這些機(jī)器人來代替”可知, 伍德的設(shè)計(jì)可以在某些實(shí)驗(yàn)中代替動(dòng)物。故選A。
4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The Development of Robotic Fly
B. Robotic Fly Promotes Engineering Science
C. Harvard’s Efforts in Making Robotic Fly
D. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
【解析】選D。主旨大意題。文章主要內(nèi)容是機(jī)器蒼蠅能夠模仿真實(shí)的昆蟲來進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集工作, 故選D。

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