
Perid Three Grammar—Review f past participles
達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè) 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) 基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練
語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) 感悟規(guī)律 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)剖析
感知以下課文原句,補(bǔ)全方框下的小題
1.Lcated t the suth f the equatr,belw many ther cuntries n the glbe,it’s ften infrmally referred t as “dwn under”.2. I’m mre interested in meeting peple in Australia and experiencing their culture,fd,and way f f their musical instruments are really just sticks fund n the grund,amng which there is an amazing instrument called the didgerid.4.A skilled player can play fr a lng time withut stpping t breathe.
感悟規(guī)律 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)剖析
5.I tried t learn hw t play it,but after trying fr hurs,I was cnvinced that I culd never make a musical sund with this instrument!6.Althugh the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture,minrity cultures have als played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture,with many f the new cultural influences cntributed by immigrants.
1.以上句子中,句1中為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),通常放于 。2.句2和句5中為過(guò)去分詞作 。3.句4中為單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),常常放于被修飾名詞的 ;句3中為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),常常放于被修飾名詞的 。4.句6中為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作 。
一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1.意義:及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示被動(dòng)和完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)不表示被動(dòng),只表示完成。(1)表示被動(dòng)和完成a plluted river一條被污染的河流the watered flwers澆過(guò)水的花(2)只表示完成,不表示被動(dòng)fallen leaves落葉the risen sun升起的太陽(yáng)
2.位置:?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在被修飾詞的前面;過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),通常放在被修飾詞的后面,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student wh is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那個(gè)學(xué)生是我女兒。注意:過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng);過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。The questin discussed was very imprtant.討論過(guò)的那個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。The huse standing at the crner f the street was built in 2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016年建的。
(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同:現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
3.過(guò)去分詞(dne)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(being dne)與動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(t be dne)作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
The building built last year is ur classrm building.去年建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。The building being built nw is ur classrm building.現(xiàn)在正在建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。The building t be built next mnth is ur classrm building.下個(gè)月將要建造的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。
二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1.意義:用在系動(dòng)詞后面,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。She lked disappinted.她看上去很失望。We were encuraged at the news.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我們很受鼓舞。2.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)從形式上與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相同,但被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。試比較:
3.感覺(jué)類(lèi)及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。英語(yǔ)中有很多與感覺(jué)有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞,其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,即“令人有某種感覺(jué)的”,多用來(lái)修飾物;其過(guò)去分詞含有被動(dòng)意義,即“人被引起某種感覺(jué)的”,多用來(lái)指人、人的聲音、笑容或表情等。常用的這類(lèi)詞有:
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我們對(duì)他在會(huì)上講的話很是驚訝。His wrds were discuraging,which made many peple discuraged.他的話令人泄氣,使得很多人灰心喪氣。
三、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)1.意義:過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ),且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可單獨(dú)使用,也可以在其前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞,可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等。Greatly interested,I asked hw he played these new wrks.因?yàn)榉浅8信d趣,我問(wèn)他是如何演奏這些新作的。Given gd health,I hpe t finish the wrk this year.如果身體好,我希望今年完成這項(xiàng)工作。The scientist Tu Yuyu came in,fllwed by her assistant.科學(xué)家屠呦呦進(jìn)來(lái)了,后面跟著她的助手。
When seen frm the tp f the hill,the park lks mre beautiful.從山頂往下看時(shí),這座公園看起來(lái)更加漂亮。2.功能:過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。它可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨等。(1)表示時(shí)間,可轉(zhuǎn)換為when,while或after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Accepted by the Party,he decided t devte his life t the cause f the Party.=When he was accepted by the Party,he decided t devte his life t the cause f the Party.入黨以后,他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè)。
(2)表示原因,可轉(zhuǎn)換為as,since或because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Deeply mved by the stry,the excited peple stpped quarrelling with each ther.=Because they were deeply mved by the stry,the excited peple stpped quarrelling with each ther.激動(dòng)的人們被那個(gè)故事深深地打動(dòng)了,停止了爭(zhēng)吵。(3)表示條件,可轉(zhuǎn)換為if,nce或unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。If heated,water can be turned int vapur.=If it is heated,water can be turned int vapur.水如果被加熱,會(huì)變成水蒸氣。
(4)表示讓步,可轉(zhuǎn)換為althugh,thugh或even if等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Exhausted by the running,they went n running after the rbber.=Althugh they were exhausted by the running,they went n running after the rbber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡,他們還是繼續(xù)追趕那個(gè)搶匪。
(5)表示方式或伴隨情況。作方式狀語(yǔ),如有連詞as if,可轉(zhuǎn)換為as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句;若無(wú)連詞,則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。作伴隨狀語(yǔ),一般轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。The ld man went int the rm,supprted by his wife.=The ld man was supprted by his wife and went int the rm.那個(gè)老人在妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。
3.連詞+過(guò)去分詞:分詞作時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),為了明確其意義有時(shí)可在分詞前加上when,while,if,nce,unless,althugh等連詞。相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。If merely drawn n yur imaginatin,the reprt will nt be cnvincing.假若僅靠你的想象去寫(xiě),報(bào)告是不會(huì)有說(shuō)服力的。注意:有些過(guò)去分詞來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)而表示主動(dòng)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:lst(迷路),seated(坐),hidden(躲),statined(駐扎),lst/absrbed in(沉溺于),brn(出身于),dressed in(穿著),tired f(厭煩)等。Lst/Absrbed in deep thught,he didn’t hear the sund.因?yàn)橄萑氤了贾?,所以他沒(méi)聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。
四、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.意義:過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì),與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),它前面的賓語(yǔ)就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)。作賓補(bǔ)的多是及物動(dòng)詞。(1)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系,其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作。(2)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
2.能夠接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類(lèi):(1)表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如:see,watch,bserve,find,hear,feel,ntice,think等。I heard the sng sung in English.我聽(tīng)到有人用英語(yǔ)唱過(guò)這首歌。He fund his purse lst.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的錢(qián)包丟了。(2)表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。I’ll have my hair cut tmrrw.明天我要理發(fā)。
He gt his tth pulled ut yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。Dn’t leave thse things undne.務(wù)必把那些事情做完。(3)表示“希望”“要求”意義的動(dòng)詞。如:like,rder,want,wish,expect等,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“vt.+賓語(yǔ)+(t be) p.p.”。I wuld like this matter (t be) settled at nce.我希望此事立刻得到解決。I wish my hmewrk (t be) finished befre five ’clck.我希望在5點(diǎn)前完成我的作業(yè)。
3.過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),要注意以下幾種情況:(1)使役動(dòng)詞have接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況:①過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。He had his mney stlen.他的錢(qián)被偷了。(被別人偷去了)②過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語(yǔ)所經(jīng)歷。He had his leg brken.他的腿斷了。(自己的經(jīng)歷)
(2)過(guò)去分詞在原句中作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),如果原句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),那么過(guò)去分詞就在新句中作主補(bǔ)了。Almst n student is seen punished in this schl.在這所學(xué)校,幾乎見(jiàn)不到學(xué)生被懲罰。
當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) 基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練
1.Ordinary sap, (use) crrectly,can deal with bacteria effectively.2.I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph (take) has retired,but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his yu find yurself getting impatient r (anny) with peple ver unimprtant things? 5.T return t the prblem f water pllutin,I’d like yu t lk at a study (cnduct) in Australia in 2012.
6.There were many peple waiting at the bus stp,and sme f them lked very anxius and (disappint) Day, (mark) n 22 April,is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.(2019·北京)8.Back frm his tw-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy t see his mther (take) gd care f at hme.9.I was the first Western TV reprter (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially __________(design) t help them succeed academically and persnally.(2019·天津)
disappinted
I wuld like t live in a well-designed huse 11. (surrund) by walnut trees and which has a garden 12. (fill) with (paint) yellw and green,the walls f these 14. (decrate) rms wuld seem larger than they really are.In each rm there wuld be a specially 15. (make) armchair fr me t sit in,16. (place) in the mst 17. (cmfrt) psitin.In this seat I wuld have music 18._______(pipe) in frm elsewhere in the huse.I wuld be able t experiment 19.______music 20. (create) by myself in a special rm.This wuld be the well-planned huse I wuld like t live in.
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