
01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化
近幾年對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及目的狀語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),及個(gè)別分詞的用法。預(yù)計(jì)年中考對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查,不定式仍是考查的熱點(diǎn)。我們應(yīng)該牢固掌握一些動(dòng)詞固定搭配的用法。
02 定義 概念清晰化
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一些特殊的動(dòng)詞,它們?cè)诰渲胁荒軉为?dú)作謂語(yǔ),而有謂語(yǔ)以外的其他語(yǔ)法功能,在句子中不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制,但仍有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,也可以帶賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)成非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種。動(dòng)詞不定式由“t+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,在特殊情況下有時(shí)t可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,同時(shí)也具有動(dòng)詞的部分特征,能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分。動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加-ing構(gòu)成,在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種。它們?cè)诰渲凶鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
03 知識(shí)歸類 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化
?動(dòng)詞不定式
1.不定式作賓語(yǔ)
(1)一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:wuld like,like,want,wish,hpe,decide,plan,expect等。如:
Wuld yu like t see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一場(chǎng)電影嗎?
(2)在find,think后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it代替,而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放在句末。如:
I find it easy t read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很容易。
(3)常見(jiàn)的一些不帶t的動(dòng)詞不定式:
why nt d…,had better(nt) d…,wuld rather d,culd/wuld/will yu please (nt) d…
I wuld rather stay at hme.我寧愿待在家里。
2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如:
Lucy asked him t turn dwn the radi.露西讓他將收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)低。
tell,ask,want,allw,get,wuld like,encurage后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:
My mther encurages me t learn Japanese.我母親鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語(yǔ)。
注意:還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ),這時(shí)不定式要省略t。這些動(dòng)詞有:一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(tīng)(hear,listen t)、三讓(let,make,have)、四看(lk at,see,watch,ntice)。但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),必須加上t。如:
The bss made them wrk the whle night.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。
3.不定式作定語(yǔ)
(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
(2)如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如:
There is nthing t wrry abut.沒(méi)有什么可擔(dān)心的。
【題組訓(xùn)練】
( )1.(2014·北京)My parents always tell me _______ mre vegetables and fruit.
A.eat B.eating C.eats D.t eat
( )2.(2014·咸寧)—What wuld yu like _____ fr yur mum n Mther’s Day?
—A dress.
A.buy B.buying C.t buy D .buys
( )3.(2014·河南)—D yu climb muntains every day?
—Yes,_______ a little exercise. I’m s ut f shape.
A.getting B.get C.gt D.t get
( )4.(2014·河北)Dn’t frget _______ thanks when ther peple help yu.
A.accept B.t accept
C.say D.t say
( )5.(2014·漳州)—We dn’t have enugh mney fr ur field trip. What shall we d?
—The best way _______ mney is t sell newspapers.
A.raise B.t raise C.raising
?特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式
1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It+be+adj.+(fr/f sb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式。如:
T learn English well is useful.
→It is useful t learn English well.
It’s imprtant fr us t prtect the envirnment.
注意:在kind,gd,nice,clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后,不用fr而用f。
It’s very kind f yu t help me.你幫助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever f yu t d like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。
2.不定式常和疑問(wèn)詞what,which,when,where,hw連用,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。如:
The teacher is telling the students what t d.老師正告訴學(xué)生要做什么。
He didn’t knw where t g.他不知道去哪里。(where t g=where he shuld g)
【題組訓(xùn)練】
( )6.(2013·廣東)I always tell my students _____ n the rad because it’s really dangerus.
A.nt t play B.t play nt
C.nt playing D.nt play
( )7.(2013·黔東南州)—What senir schl d yu want t g,Li Hua?
—It’s hard fr me ________ a decisin nw.
A.d B.t d C.make D.t make
( )8.(2013·咸寧)It’s rather ht in the rm. Yu’d better _______ the windws r the dr.
A.clse B.nt t clse
C.dn’t clse D.nt clse
( )9.(2013·衡陽(yáng))My parents asked me _______ cmputer games.
A.nt playing B.nt t play
C.nt play
( )10.(2013·宿遷)It’s dangerus ________ a clse lk at the tiger in the z.
A.fr us talking B.f us t take
C.f us taking D.fr us t take
?動(dòng)詞-ing形式
1.英語(yǔ)中一些詞后常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),初中階段這類詞有:finish(完成),mind(介意),be wrth(值得),be busy(忙于),practice(練習(xí)),have fun(玩得高興),feel like(想要),be used t(習(xí)慣于),cnsider(考慮),enjy(喜歡)。
2.主語(yǔ)+ be + happy(glad, pleased, angry, srry, careful, ready等)+t d sth.如:
I’m glad t see yu again.我很高興再次見(jiàn)到你。
I’m srry t hear that.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我感到遺憾。
3.幾組動(dòng)詞接不定式及動(dòng)名詞辨析:
(1)stp ding/stp t d
stp ding sth.停止做某事
stp t d sth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事
(2)frget ding/frget t d
frget ding sth.忘記做過(guò)某事(事情已做)
frget t d sth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒(méi)做)
(3)remember ding/remember t d
remember ding sth.記得做過(guò)某事(事情已做)
remember t d sth.記著去做某事(事情沒(méi)做)
(4)try ding/try t d
try ding sth.嘗試著去做某事
try t d sth.設(shè)法或努力去做某事
(5)g n ding/g n t d
g n ding sth.繼續(xù)不停地做同一件事情
g n t d sth.做完一件事,接著去做另外一件事
(6)allw ding sth./allw sb.t d sth.
allw ding sth.允許做某事
allw sb.t d sth.允許某人做某事
(7)regret ding/regret t d
regret ding sth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)
regret t d sth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(未做)
(8)mean ding/mean t d
mean ding sth.意味著做某事
mean t d sth.打算、想做某事
【題組訓(xùn)練】
( )11.(2014·長(zhǎng)沙)—It’s getting cld. Wuld yu mind_____ the windw?
—Of curse nt.
A.clsing B.t clse C.clsed
( )12.(2014·梅州)Paul lks frward t _______ his pen pal as sn as pssible.
A.meets B.meet C.meeting D.met
( )13.(2014·孝感)My ld neighbr Charles enjys _____ phts. He always ges ut with his camera.
A.take B.t take C.taking D.tk
( )14.(2014·曲靖) _______ vegetable juice is a gd habit,which helps yu eat a balanced diet.
A.Drink B.Drank C.Drunk D .Drinking
( )15.(2014·黃岡)—Grandpa has changed a lt.
—S he has.He spends mre time than he used t ______ games with the children.
A.play B.playing C.played D.plays
?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
英語(yǔ)中過(guò)去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)(此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義,有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如:
She fund the dr brken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,表一種狀態(tài))
1.過(guò)去分詞用在get,have,make 的后面。
注意“have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的兩種情況:
A)表示“讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做”。如:
I have had my bike repaired.我已經(jīng)請(qǐng)人把我的自行車修好了。
B)表示“遭遇到某種不幸,受到打擊/受……影響,蒙受……損失”。如:
I had my wallet stlen n a bus last mnth.上個(gè)月在公汽上我的錢包被偷了。
2.“make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”,在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如:
I raised my vice t make myself heard.我提高聲音目的是讓我自己被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。
3.過(guò)去分詞用在感官動(dòng)詞watch,ntice,see,hear,listen t,feel,find等后面。如:
When we gt t schl,we saw the dr lcked.到學(xué)校時(shí),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖了。
4.過(guò)去分詞用在“with +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:
The thief was brught in with his hands tied behind his back.那個(gè)小偷被帶了進(jìn)來(lái),他的手被綁在背后。
5.過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別:
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ):賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系,其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ):賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。不定式作賓補(bǔ):表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽(tīng)到或感覺(jué)到的具體動(dòng)作。如:
He didn’t ntice me waiting.他沒(méi)有注意到我正在等。
I heard the sng sung in English.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這首歌被用英語(yǔ)唱了。
I saw him pening the windw.我看見(jiàn)他正在開(kāi)窗戶。
I saw the windw pened.我看見(jiàn)窗戶被開(kāi)了。
I saw him pen the windw.我看見(jiàn)他開(kāi)了窗戶。
I heard her sing the sng in English.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她用英語(yǔ)唱了這首歌。
【題組訓(xùn)練】
( )16.(2014·咸寧)—D yu have any difficulty in ____ English?
—Yes,but I try t make myself_____.
A.t speak;understd
B.speaking;understand
C.t speak;t understand
D.speaking;understd
( )17.(2013·綏化)He wants t have his TV______ .
A.repairing B.repaired
C.t repair
( )18.(2013·安順)He ften drinks tw cups f ______ water when he cmes back.
A.biling B.bil C.biled D.bils
( )19.(2013·煙臺(tái))—Why d yu speak in ____ lud vice?
—Because I want t make myself _______ clearly.
A.such;hear B.s;heard
C.such;heard D.s;hear
( )20.(2013·自貢)—When are yu ging t have yur hair ____?
—This afternn.
A.cut B.t cut C.cutting
04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化
( )1.David enjys ____ music at weekend,but I prefer _____ fr a picnic.
A.t listen;t g ut
B.listen t;ging t
C.listening t;g ut
D.listening t;t g ut
( )2.—I really dn’t knw_____with this kind f prblems.
—Yu can ask the teacher fr help.
A.what t d B.hw t d
C.why t d D.which t deal
( )3.—D yu ften plant trees,Wang Lin?
—Yes,we have ________ hundreds f trees.
A.plant B.planted C.plants D.planting
( )4.—We dn’t have much hmewrk this weekend. Shall we g ut tgether?
—Ok.What abut ______ a mvie?
A.t see B.seeing
C.t seeing D.sees
( )5.The by is lking frward t _______ a gd time after the exam.
A.t have B.has C.having D.have
( )6.—Mary dances best in ur schl.
—I agree.I’ll never frget _____ her dance fr the first time.
A.seeing B.t see C.see D.seen
( )7.It tk my daughter tw weeks t read the nvels ______ by Yang Hngying.
A.write B.writes
C.wrte D.written
( )8.—Yur spken English is much better than befre.
—Thank yu.Our teacher ften asks us ______ English as much as pssible.
A.t speak B.nt t speak
C.speak D.nt speak
( )9.Tm ften makes his brther ______ but yesterday he was made _______ by his brther.
A.cry;t cry B.t cry;cry
C.cry;cry D.t cry;t cry
( )10.—We can use QQ t chat with each ther nline.
—Really?Culd yu please shw me _______ it?
A.when t d B.why t d
C.hw t d D.what t d
( )11.—D yu like ging shpping n Sundays?
—N,I wuld rather _______ bks at hme ______ than shpping.
A.t read;g B.read;t g
C.read;g D.t read;t g
( )12.When he saw a ticket n the grund, he stpped ______.
A.t pick it up B.picking it up
C.t pick up it D.pick up it
( )13.We have tw rms ,but I can’t decided ______.
A.t live;t chse which ne
B.lived;chse which ne
C.t live in;which ne t chse
D.live in;which ne
( )14.—What shuld I d,dctr?
—______ healthy, yu shuld take exercise mre and eat meat less.
A.Keep B.Keeping
C.T keep D.Kept
( )15.—Dn’t frget _____ the dr f the meeting rm when yu leave.
—Sure.
A.t lck B.lcking
C.lck D.lcks
( )16.Wuld yu mind nt ________ here? I’m ding my hmewrk.
A.sing B.singing C.sings D.t sing
( )17.N matter hw hard it is, we’ll keep _____ until we make it.
A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying
( )18.We agreed ____ here but s far she hasn’t appeared yet.
A.having met B.meeting
C.t meet D.meet
( )19.—Where are the twins?
—I saw them ______ut fr a walk just nw.
A.ging B.t g C.gne D.went
( )20.—D yu still remember _____ me smewhere in Shanghai?
—Yes,f curse.Tw years ag.
A.t see B.see C.seeing D.saw
( )21.Aunt Li ften asks her sn _______ t much meat. It’s bad fr his health.
A.dn’t eat B.nt t eat
C.nt eat D.t nt eat
( )22.There are n differences between the tw wrds.I really dn’t knw_____ .
A.what t chse B.which t chse
C.t chse which D.t chse what
( )23.—What abut ging swimming with me?
—Srry.I have a lt f hmewrk______ .
A.t d B.dne
C.d D.be dne
( )24.It is said that t teach a man fishing is better than ______ him fish.
A.give B.giving
C.t give D.gives
( )25.—Mum,I’m hungry.
—What abut ging t McDnald’s ______ fried chicken?
A.eat B.t eat
C.eating D.and eat
分類圖解
功能
例句
主語(yǔ)
T speak English well isn’t an easy jb.
賓語(yǔ)
They decided t change their mind.
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
He helps the little girl t finish her hmewrk every day.
定語(yǔ)
He is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
表語(yǔ)
Our plan is t set up anther middle schl fr the children.
狀語(yǔ)
目的
Every mrning he gets up very early t exercise.
結(jié)果
He returned hme t learn his sn had gne t the cuntryside.
特例清單
分類圖解
結(jié)構(gòu)
例句
t…t結(jié)構(gòu)
She was t surprised t see hw angry her father was.
nt+不定式
The teacher tld the students nt t play sccer n the rad.
疑問(wèn)詞+不定式
作主語(yǔ)
Hw t slve the prblem is very imprtant.
作賓語(yǔ)
He didn’t knw what t say.
作表語(yǔ)
The questin is where t find the water.
fr+名詞(代詞的賓格)+不定式
It is necessary fr us t learn frm each ther.
f+名詞(代詞的賓格)+不定式
It is very kind f yu t help me with my English.
特例清單
分類圖解
功能
例句
主語(yǔ)
Skating n the thin ice is dangerus.
賓語(yǔ)
I finished ding my hmewrk.
表語(yǔ)
The nurse’s jb is lking after the patients.
定語(yǔ)
She is reading in the reading rm.
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
He kept the machine running fr ten hurs.
狀語(yǔ)
They went ut f the classrm, talking and laughing.
特例清單
分類圖解
功能
例句
表語(yǔ)
The dr remained lcked.
定語(yǔ)
The building built last year is nw a department stre.
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
I heard my name called.
狀語(yǔ)
Heated water changes int steam.
特例清單
參考答案:
(十)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
題組訓(xùn)練
1—5DCDDB6—10ADDBD11—15ACCDB
16—20DBCCA
整合集訓(xùn)
1—5DABBC6—10ADAAC11—15CACCA
16—20BDCAC21—25BBACB
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這是一份中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)專題十:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,共10頁(yè)。
這是一份中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題3 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(解析版),共11頁(yè)。試卷主要包含了 ---Yu lk upset等內(nèi)容,歡迎下載使用。
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