Ⅰ. 語法填空
1. (2020·全國Ⅰ卷)The far side f the mn is f particular interest t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (環(huán)形山), mre s than the familiar near side.
2. (2020·全國Ⅲ卷)When/As he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pinted dwn the river.
3. (2019·全國卷Ⅲ)On ur way t the huse, it was raining s hard that we culdn’t help wndering hw lng it wuld take t get there.
Ⅰ. 語法填空五謹記
1. 完整的句子中, 如果兩個單詞或短語并列, 要填并列連詞;
2. 若兩個句子(兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間沒有句號或分號, 也沒有連詞, 空格處必定填連詞;
3. 牢記特殊句式中連詞的運用;
4. 全面掌握九大狀語從句的連接詞, 熟悉它們的用法;
5. 準確判斷主從句的邏輯關(guān)系, 同時要注意區(qū)分易混詞。
Ⅱ. 短文改錯
1. (2020·全國Ⅰ卷)I waited patiently unless the il was ht. (unless改為until/till)
2. (2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Actually, I started t learn kung fu when I was seven years ld, fr I have lng been ut f practice. (fr改為but/yet)
3. (2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Then I can spare sme time t learn it again, such that we can practice tgether every day. (such改為s)
Ⅱ. 短文改錯二定法
1. 句間無連詞, 增加連詞;
凡是兩個句子間沒有句號、分號, 又沒有連詞時, 一定是漏掉了連詞, 要根據(jù)兩句之間的意義關(guān)系或邏輯關(guān)系, 增加一個適當?shù)倪B詞。
2. 句間多連詞, 刪除連詞。
一、并列句
并列句
并列句由兩個或兩個以上并列而又獨立的簡單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中, 這些簡單句常由并列連詞(短語)連在一起。
并列連詞的用法
【點津】
(1)“祈使句+and/r+陳述句”句型是近年來高考的熱點, 有時祈使句部分也可用名詞短語。
※Hurry up, and yu will catch the early bus.
※One mre hur and we will get everything ready fr taking ff.
(2)下列句型中常用并列連詞when:
①be ging t d sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 這時(突然)……”
②be abut t d sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 這時(突然)……”
③be n the pint f ding sth. when. . . “正要做某事, 這時(突然)……”
④be ding sth. when. . . “正在做某事, 這時(突然)……”
⑤had dne sth. when. . . “剛做了某事, 這時(突然)……”
【小題快練】 單句語法填空
①The manager was ill s I went in her place.
②She lks very yung, but she is already in her 30’s.
③He wants t be a writer, while I want t be a scientist.
④Will he still be there r will he have gne away?
⑤He nt nly gave us a lt f advice, but als helped us t study English.
⑥I was just leaving when the telephne rang.
二、狀語從句
常見狀語從句連詞
1. 時間狀語從句
(1)when, while與as引導的時間狀語從句
※When I g t the cinema, the mvie had already started.
※While we were chatting she was reading cmics.
※Things are getting better and better as time ges n.
(2)befre與since引導的時間狀語從句
※It wn’t be lng befre yu regret what yu have dne.
※It was sme time befre the dr pened in respnse t his ring.
※It has been tw years since he wrked here.
(3)表示“一……就……”含義的詞(短語)引導的時間狀語從句
①引導時間狀語從句, 且表示“一……就……”含義的詞或短語有as sn as, the mment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . , n sner. . . than. . . 等。
※He left the minute yu turned back t write n the blackbard.
※Directly the teacher came in everyne was quiet.
※The science f engineering began as sn as man learned t use tls.
②hardly/scarcely. . . when. . . , n sner. . . than. . . 中主句應用過去完成時, 從句應用一般過去時; 當n sner. . . 和hardly/scarcely. . . 位于句首時, 主句要用部分倒裝。
※Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.
※N sner had the wrds been spken than he realized that he shuld have remained silent.
(4)until與till引導的時間狀語從句
※Yu must keep n fighting until (till) the final victry belngs t yu.
※I wn’t g with yu until(till) I finished my hmewrk.
※Nt until we pinted ut their fault t them did they realize it.
(5)引導時間狀語從句的其他常見連詞(短語)
after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year等。
※Every time I catch sight f myself in the mirrr, I feel s disappinted.
※By the time he gt there, his friends had already mved up nrth.
2. 條件狀語從句
(1)條件狀語從句的常見引導詞
if, unless, as/s lng as, in case(萬一), nce, n cnditin that, prvided/prviding(that), suppsing(that)等。
※ Yu will fail t arrive there in time unless yu start earlier.
※I can tell yu the truth n cnditin that yu prmise t keep a secret.
※He wn’t be against us in the meeting prvided that we ask fr his advice in advance.
(2)條件狀語從句的時態(tài)
用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時, 用一般過去時代替過去將來時。
※If yu fail in the exam, yu will let him dwn.
3. 讓步狀語從句
※Althugh/Thugh he was exhausted, (still) he kept n wrking.
※Child as/thugh he was, he did quite well.
※We made a trip even thugh the weather was bad.
※ N matter what happened, he wuld nt mind.
(=Whatever happened, he wuld nt mind. )
4. 結(jié)果狀語從句
(1)s. . . that中s后面跟形容詞或副詞。
※The by is s yung that he can’t d that by himself.
(2)such. . . that中such后面跟名詞。
※It is such nice weather that we decide t g t the beach.
5. 原因狀語從句
(1)because用來回答why的提問, 語氣最強, 一般放在主句之后。
※—Why didn’t yu tell me, Archie?
—Because yu might have casually mentined it t smebdy else.
(2)since/nw that表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因, 多放在句首。
※Since yu have started the jb, yu might as well finish it.
※Nw that we are all part f the glbal village, everyne becmes a neighbur.
(3)as引導的從句常放在句首, 說明次要的原因, 主句說明結(jié)果, 常用于口語中。
※The situatin remains cnfused as bth sides claim success.
【小題快練】 單句語法填空
①I didn’t give my name because if I did I thught yu might nt have cme.
②I was s tuched that I culdn’t sleep the whle night, and thught abut being a teacher in the future.
③—Hw lng d yu think it is since he arrived here?
—N mre than half a year, I believe.
④Unless these questins are slved, the regin will remain a pwder keg.
⑤It was nt until 1911 that the first f the vitamins was identified.
⑥Busy as/thugh she was, she spent sme time talking with me, helping me ut.
其他狀語從句
1. 地點狀語從句
(1)where與wherever意義基本相同, 但后者語氣較強, 多用于書面語。
※The church was built where there had nce been a Rman temple.
※Wherever the film star ges, there are crwds f peple waiting t see her.
(2)地點狀語從句在句首時常兼有抽象條件意味。
※Where there is a will, there is a way.
2. 目的狀語從句
(1)s that/in rder that引導的目的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動詞can, culd等。
※Yu have t carry a bleeper s that they can call yu in at any time.
(2)fr fear that(唯恐, 以防)與in case引導的目的狀語從句中, 謂語動詞有時也用shuld/might/culd+動詞原形。
※He was very cautius fr fear that he shuld be blamed fr anything wrng.
3. 方式狀語從句
(1)as引導方式狀語從句, 意為“按照”。
※She’s ld enugh t have the freedm t d as she likes.
(2)as if和as thugh的意義和用法基本一樣; 從句中可以用陳述語氣表示可能符合事實, 也可以用虛擬語氣表示與事實相反。
※This time it lks as if we’re really ging t get smewhere.
※Lcal residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear explsin.
4. 比較狀語從句
(1) as. . . as; nt s/as. . . as; the same. . . as表示相同程度的比較, 肯定句用as. . . as, 否定句可用nt as. . . as或nt s. . . as。
※The very first cann f nursing is t keep the air inside as fresh as the air utside.
※I have never seen s much rain as fell that February.
(2)than表示不同程度的比較, 主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級。
※I cnsider nthing mre imprtant in my life than sngwriting.
【小題快練】 單句語法填空
①Huse prices vary frm place t place and are usually high where there are famus schls.
②Scientists have cllected mre data than expected.
③She desn’t play as well as her sister.
④Always d t the thers as yu wuld be dne by.
狀語從句的時態(tài)呼應
1. 在when, as sn as, the mment, if, unless等引導的時間和條件狀語從句中, 遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則, 常常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的意義。
※I’ll telephne yu as sn as I get hme.
※We will nt attack unless we are attacked.
2. since引導的時間狀語從句: 從句用一般過去時, 主句用完成時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)。
※Tw weeks has passed since the new term began.
※I have been missing her since she left.
3. n sner. . . than. . . , hardly/scarcely. . . when引導的時間狀語從句: 從句中用一般過去時, 主句用過去完成時態(tài)。
※I had hardly cme int the rm when it began t rain.
※N sner had they finished a jb than the new task came.
4. 在by the time引導的時間狀語從句中, 這個詞組常用來指到某一時間為止, 主句常用完成時態(tài)。從句若用一般過去時, 主句則用過去完成時態(tài)。
※She had slipped int a cma by the time she reached hspital.
狀語從句的省略和簡化
1. 狀語從句的“省略和簡化”現(xiàn)象常存在于以下5種狀語從句中:
①由if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句;
②由althugh, thugh, even if/thugh等引導的讓步狀語從句;
③由when, while, as, befre, after, until/till等引導的時間狀語從句;
④由as, as if等引導的方式狀語從句;
⑤由as, than等引導的比較狀語從句。
2. 狀語從句省略必須同時具備下列兩個條件:
①主句和從句的主語一致, 或從句主語為it;
②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞常可省略。
※When ( the museum is ) cmpleted, the museum will be pen t the public next year.
※If (it is) pssible, he will help yu ut f the difficulty.
3. 當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時, 從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形: 連詞+形容詞/名詞/非謂語動詞(ding/dne/t d)/介詞短語。
※Wrk hard when (yu are) yung, r yu’ll regret.
※Althugh (he is) ding his best in maths these days, he has still gt n gd marks.
※Unless (yu are) invited t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference.
※He std up as if (he were) t say smething.
【小題快練】
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
①Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never becme ttally cnfident.
②If yu miss this chance, it may be years befre yu get anther ne.
③Where he nce felt like giving up, he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging.
④If yu dn’t understand smething, yu may research, study, and talk t ther peple until yu figure it ut.
⑤Fill in the applicatin as instructed.
⑥He mves mre slwly than his sister.
Ⅱ. 單句改錯
①It wasn’t lng since I learned hw t develp respectful relatinships with my bsses and what tne f vice t use with kids. (since改為befre)
②I was s tired that I fell asleep at the mment my head tuched the pillw. (去掉at)
③While waited, I was reading sme magazines. (waited改為waiting)
④I’ll have my cmputer fixed immediately because f I need it badly fr my wrk. (去掉f)
⑤Yu shuldn’t cme t his party unless inviting. (inviting改為invited)
⑥There’ll be mre traffic jams and temperatures will cntinue t rise, s the prblems in ur envirnment will get even wrse, if we d smething nw. (if改為unless)
Ⅰ. 語法填空
Big Ben is the nickname fr the great bell f the clck at the nrth end f the Palace f Westminster in Lndn. Its sund is s well knwn 1. __________ it has ften been used in films. The Clck Twer was cmpleted in 1859 and the Great Clck started n 31 May, with the Great Bell’s strikes 2. __________ (hear) fr the first time n 11 July. It celebrated its 150th anniversary n 31 May 2009, during 3. __________ celebratry events tk place. The twer has becme ne f the mst utstanding 4. __________ (symbl) f bth Lndn and England.
The Clck Twer yu see tday is nt the first twer t be built in Parliament’s grund. The 5. __________ (rigin) twer was built in 1288—1290 during the reign f King Edward I. Unfrtunately 6. __________ big fire destryed mst f the Palace f Westminster. Architects 7. __________ (invite) t submit their designs and Sir Charles Barry’s was successful. Recnstructin f the Clck Twer began in September 1843. 8. __________ was designed in the Victrian Gthic style.
With time passing by, the tp f the Clck Twer is leaning ne-and-a-half fee ff a level psitin and 9. __________ (get) wrse each year nw, partly as a result 10. __________ decades f undergrund excavatin.
1. 【解析】that?？疾榻Y(jié)果狀語從句。s. . . that. . . 為固定搭配, 意為“如此……以至于”, 故填that。
2. 【解析】heard?？疾榉侵^語動詞。在with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)中, 介詞賓語the Great Bell’s strikes與動詞hear二者是被動關(guān)系, 即敲鐘的聲音被聽到, 用過去分詞作賓語補足語。故填heard。
3. 【解析】which。考查定語從句。本句是定語從句, 其中31 May 2009是先行詞, 在定語從句中作介詞during的賓語, 指物要用which, 定語從句中常把介詞與關(guān)系詞一起提到前面, 即介詞+關(guān)系代詞which, 表示在此期間。故填which。
4. 【解析】symbls?？疾槊~的復數(shù)形式。根據(jù)“ne f+名詞復數(shù)”可知, 空格后要跟名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填symbls。
5. 【解析】riginal?？疾樾稳菰~。本空格修飾名詞twer, 一般用形容詞修飾名詞, 故填riginal。
6. 【解析】a。考查不定冠詞。此處是表示數(shù)量, 表示“一場”, 故填a。
7. 【解析】were invited?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語Architects與動詞 invite二者是被動關(guān)系, 即設計師是被動, 表示設計師是“被邀請”要用被動語態(tài); 本文敘述的過去的事, 要用一般過去時。綜合可知, 空格處要用一般過去時的被動形式, 主語是復數(shù), 故填were invited。
8. 【解析】It?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境可知, 空格處指代上文中的the Clck Twer, 英語中常用it指代上文提到的事, 故填It。
9. 【解析】getting?？疾闀r態(tài)。句末的時間狀語nw和上文中is leaning的運用都表明應該填現(xiàn)在進行時, 強調(diào)動作現(xiàn)階段正在進行。故填getting。
10. 【解析】f。考查介詞。“as a result f. . . ”是固定搭配, 意思是“因為; 由于”, 故填f。
Ⅱ. 短文改錯
Smile is a magic language that everyne can easily understand whenever he r she cmes frm. Smile is as the glden sunshine that brings warmth t peple and makes him happy. Smile is shrtest distance between peple and it is a gd way t shw ff friendliness t thers. Mre imprtant, smile cnveyed a kind f psitive energy t peple. When yu are happy, smile brightens yur face. When yu feel frustrating, yu shuld als smile t cheer yurself up. Smile can give yu cnfidences and make yu strng. Smiling at the wrld and the wrld will smile back!
1. 【解析】第一句whenever→wherever?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)句意可知這里指無論來自哪里, 用wherever引導讓步狀語從句。故whenever改成wherever。
2. 【解析】第二句as→like?？疾榻樵~。當“像”講時, as作連接詞, 引導比較狀語從句; like“像”作介詞, 后面加名詞等作賓語。故as改成like。
3. 【解析】第二句him→them?？疾榇~。這里指代前面的peple, 用復數(shù)。故 him改成 them。
4. 【解析】第三句shrtest前加the?？疾楣谠~。形容詞最高級前面用定冠詞the。故shrtest前加the。
5. 【解析】第三句去掉 ff?？疾閯釉~辨析。shw用作及物動詞是指“顯示, 說明”, shw ff是“炫耀”的意思。故去掉 ff。
6. 【解析】第四句imprtant→imprtantly?？疾楦痹~比較級。在句子中作狀語, 用副詞形式。故 imprtant改成 imprtantly。
7. 【解析】第四句cnveyed→cnveys。考查時態(tài)。縱觀全文使用一般現(xiàn)在時, 主語為smile, 所以此處應該用cnveys。故 cnveyed 改成cnveys。
8. 【解析】第六句frustrating→frustrated?？疾檫^去分詞。分詞作定語時, -ed是用來形容人的感情, -ing是形容物體或事件的。本句的主語為yu, 所以形容詞為frustrated。故frustrating改成 frustrated。
9. 【解析】第七句cnfidences→cnfidence。考查名詞。cnfidence是抽象名詞, 不可數(shù)。故cnfidences 改成cnfidence。
10. 【解析】第八句Smiling→Smile?？疾楣潭ň湫?。這里考查句型“祈使句+and+陳述句”, 所以用動詞原形smile。故Smiling 改成Smile。
Ⅲ. 寫作運用
補全下面寫作, 注意連詞使用。
Dear Peter,
Glad t hear frm yu 1. and yu’re welcme t China in July(歡迎你七月份來中國). I’m greatly willing t intrduce sme significant Chinese custms t yu.
Firstly, we greet each ther by saying “Hell” r asking such questins as “Where are yu ging? ” r “Are yu busy? ” t express ur care. Secndly, 2. when praised, we reply with “Oh, n! ” r “I’m ver-praised” t shw gd manners(當受到表揚時, 我們回答“哦, 不! ”或者“過獎了”來表現(xiàn)出禮貌). Additinally, 3. when receiving a gift, we usually say “It’s unnecessary” as well as “Thanks” t shw pliteness and then put it away(收到禮物時, 我們通常會說“沒必要”, 也會說“謝謝”, 以示禮貌, 然后把它收起來). Finally, at dinner parties, we talk ludly and tuch glasses 4. when drinking t smene’s health r success(當我們?yōu)槟橙说慕】祷虺晒Χ染茣r) t shw that we’re warm.
Anyhw, different cultures, different custms. 5. If yu d as the Rmans d when in Rme, yu’ll enjy mre f yur stay here(如果你入鄉(xiāng)隨俗, 你會在這里享受更多的時光).
I hpe what’s mentined abve might be helpful and wish yu a gd jurney.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua用法
連詞
例句
表并列、遞進或順承關(guān)系
and, bth. . . and. . . , neither. . . nr. . . , nt nly. . . but(als). . . , nt. . . but. . . 等
*He nt nly read the bk but als remembered what he had read.
表轉(zhuǎn)折、對比關(guān)系
but, while等
*It ften rains in the suth, while it seldm rains in the nrth.
表選擇關(guān)系
either. . . r. . . , r等
*Nw yu can have a rest r yu can g t the cinema.
表因果關(guān)系
fr, s等
*He fund it increasingly difficult t read, fr his eyesight was beginning t fail.
連詞
從句謂語動詞
用法指津
when
延續(xù)性動詞
非延續(xù)性動詞
從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時發(fā)生, 也可以先后發(fā)生; 當when引導的時間狀語從句為系表結(jié)構(gòu), 而其主語和主句的主語一致, 其表語又是一個名詞時, 就可以用由as引導的省略句來代替when引導的從句
while
延續(xù)性動詞
從句的動作與主句的動作同時發(fā)生
as
延續(xù)性動詞
強調(diào)主從句動作相伴發(fā)生, 可譯為“一邊……一邊……; 隨著”
連詞
詞義
常用句式
befre
在……之前; 還未……就……; ……才……; 趁……; 還沒來得及……
①It will (nt) be+一段時間+befre. . . “(沒有)過……(時間)才……”
②It was nt lng befre. . . “不久……就……”
③It was+時間段+befre. . . “過了……(時間)才……”
since
自從……以來
It is/has been+一段時間+since. . . (從句用一般過去時)
連詞
位置
用法
注意事項
until
可以放
在句首
nt. . . until可用于強調(diào)句型
①until/till用于肯定句時主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞, 用于否定句時主句的謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞
②nt until位于句首時, 主句要用部分倒裝
till
不可放
在句首
一般不用于強調(diào)句型
引導詞
從句位置
語序
特別說明
althugh
靈活
正常
①althugh與thugh都可以與yet, still, nevertheless連用, 但不能和but連用
②thugh還可以作副詞, 意為“可是, 然而”, 置于句末
③whever, whatever, whmever, whichever還可以引導名詞性從句, 但“n matter+疑問詞”不可以
thugh
靈活
正常或倒裝
as
句首
倒裝(即從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首, 若表語是單數(shù)名詞, 前置時要省略冠詞)
while
句首
正常
even if與
even thugh
靈活
正常
n matter
+疑問詞/
疑問詞+
ever
靈活
正常
whether. . .
r nt
句首
正常

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