?2021高考二輪復習各題型分項專練
——七選五60篇（31?45）科教科普類
31、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Why Do We Get Angry?
??? ?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering(觸發(fā))events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations.①__________
??? Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more.②__________The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
??? Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.③__________Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
?? ④__________Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消極的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
???⑤__________However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
32、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出正確答案,。選項中有兩項為多余選項
??? Much meaning can be expressed clearly with our eyes, so it is often said that eyes can speak.
??? ①__________.In a bus you may look at a stranger, but not for too long. And if he sensed that you are staring at him, he may feel uncomfortable.
??? The same is true in our daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you.②__________. Eyes do speak, right?
??? Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive.③__________. If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her, his intentions are obvious. He wishes to attract her attention, and let her know that he is admiring her.
??? However, when two persons are engaged in a conversation, the speaker will only look into the listener’s eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking.④__________.If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if he trying to control you, you will feel embarrassed(尷尬). A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim. He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.⑤__________.
Actually, eye contact should be made based on specific relationship and situation.
A. On the contrary, it will give him away.
B. Do you have such a kind of experience?
C. That’s what normal eye contact is all about.
D. Actually, continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only.
E. After all, everybody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.
F. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.
G. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way.
33、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出正確答案,。選項中有兩項為多余選項
Secret codes (密碼）keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. ① Code breaking never lags (落后）far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography.② For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
③ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me”, would read "13 5 5 20 13 5."
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code hook. ④ For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and , “out” might stand for f, me. M The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” ⑤ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must he changed frequently.
A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D.As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
34、請從以下選項(A、B、C和D)中選出符合語境的選型,并在答題卡上將答案填寫在相應位置。選項中有兩項是多余選項。
3 Ways to Make Responsibility Fun
Here are 3 great ways to teach your child responsibility while still having fun:Caring for a pet
I've heard many parents say to their kids, "Now, if you get this cat, I'm not going to take care of it. You have to!" This is an unreasonable expectation for small children and sets them up for failure.①______Instead, when your child gets a pet, accept that you will have to care for the pet too. Pick two or three fun pet tasks that your child can do.
②?______If your child sees you are carefully caring for your pets, you'll be teaching him how to look after them! And you won't have to do that anymore!
Volunteer work for children
Children need volunteer jobs that use their skills and allow them to see the positive results of their actions.③______This can be an eye-opening experience that encourages him to help others.
④______
Many parents refuse to reward their children. But the truth is that rewards work when you encourage responsible behavior in your kid. Children under 10 usually can't understand ideas like social responsibility. Older kids also benefit from rewards because the reward means that people notice their excellent behavior.
⑤______So it is important to help your child grow into a healthy and responsible member of society.
A. Rewards for kids
B. Live your life responsibly
C. Children love repeating the things adults do.
D. Give your kid a chance to explain his actions.
E. Without personal responsibility, society can't be healthy.
F. Also, it teaches children that caring for pets is a difficult task.
G. Volunteer work teaches your child that not everyone has the things he has.
35、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項
Kids may be young and small.?①__________?There are lots of easy ways to teach your kids about their responsibility to the earth.
Make recycling a sorting game with your kids.?②__________Sorting teaches kids about sizes, shapes, similarities and differences. Turn recycling into a brain-building game by setting aside all your recyclable materials.
Turn off the tap when brushing teeth. Save up to 8 gallons of water a day per person simply by turning off the tap while you and your kids brush your teeth in the morning and at night!?③__________?To help young kids understand the importance of water, have them think of all the ways they use clean water every day, like drinking, cooking, and bathing. If they understand the connections, they will be more likely to remember to turn off the tap while they brush their teeth.
④__________?There's probably no better way to show the wonder of nature by having your child plant a seed and watch it grow. If you like, try planting flower seeds in the front yard or fruit-bearing plants in the backyard. Your family can enjoy an organic, homegrown harvest that your child can be proud of.
Spend time in nature.?⑤__________?There are many great things you can do outside like playing sports, taking your dog for a walk, going to the beach or planning an outdoor game with the neighborhood kids. Not only will the earth love your being outside, but you'll feel great playing out in the fresh air!
A.?Plant something as a family.
B.?Bring homemade foods to school.
C.?However, they can help save the environment!
D.?Think about the savings on your next water bill.
E.?The more we keep our earth clean, the happier we will be.
F.?Instead of watching TV or playing indoors, why not go outside to play?
G.?When children learn to sort, they are actually learning an important maths skill.
36、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
??? It’s natural to greet friends with a smile and a wave.?①__________?But what happens if your face and body send mixed messages? Would someone be more likely to believe the look on your face or the way you hold your body?
??? Scientists have recently tackled these questions. They found that when a person is looking at your face, she might not believe what she sees if your body language doesn’t match the feeling that your face shows.
? ? ②__________?Previously, they had found that the tone of a person’s voice can be more important than the words that are spoken. For example, most people tend not to believe a person who says in a flat voice, “I’m so excited.”
??? When it came to emotions conveyed by facial expressions and body language, most scientists suspected that the face was more important. To test if this was true, psychologists from the Netherlands and Boston showed people a number of pictures of isolated(孤立的)faces and isolated bodies (with faces blurred out(模糊的)) that showed anger or fear.?③__________
??? An angry face had low eyebrows and tight lips. A scared face had high eyebrow and a slightly open mouth.?④__________?A scared body had arms forward and shoulders square, as if ready to defend.
??? These results told the researchers that mixed signals can confuse people. Even when people pay attention to the face, body language subtly(微妙地) influences which emotion they read.
? ??⑤__________?If you want to be understood, it helps to avoid sending mixed messages.
A. Studying such mixed messages is nothing new for scientists.
B. So, your body language is important for telling people how you feel.
C. Scientists feel new to study the mixed message that confuses people.
D. An angry body had arms back and shoulders at an angle, as if ready to fight.
E. Body language can sometimes be misunderstood in different culture backgrounds.
F. When you do this, your face and body work together to show your friends that you’re happy to see them.
G. They also showed pictures in which angry or scared faces were paired with angry or scared bodies
37、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出正確答案,。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Empathy
Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.① Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect.②
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature.③ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.④ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的)intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.
What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others.⑤
To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.
B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
C. “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says.
D. Humans learn by example —and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.
F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human —and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.
38、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,選項中有兩項為多余選項。
What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, red? ①__________Do you prefer grays and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, as well as the effect that colors have on human beings.?②__________If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
?③__________A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day.④__________A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area ----until it was repainted green . The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
⑤__________It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or gray.
A. On the other hand, black is depressing.
B. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
C. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.
D. Colours do influence our moods 一 there is no doubt about it.
E. Light and bright colours make people happier, more active and more productive.
F. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, or an active person who enjoys life and excitement.
G. They tell us that we don’t choose our favourite colour as we grow up — we are bom with our preference.
39、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
??? Teachers love to put students into teams.①__________Why? Because they know the responsible team members will come through for a good grade.
??? If you are teamed up with a student who is lazy, the worst thing you can do is let it get you down.②__________and it might create a positive change in your partner!
??? Try these tips for working with a slacker(懶蟲).
??? ●Be excited and provide a good example. Your slacker may be a good person who has developed bad work habits. You may be able to teach your partner some valuable skills for a successful future.
??? ●Think rewards!③__________For instance, you could promise to make cupcakes for the next work meeting and encourage your partner to bring a good snack.
??? ●Make some time to sit with your partner and establish a set of work rules and deadlines. Don’t quarrel, though. Make it clear that you would like to establish rules to keep you both on track.④__________Keep a record of your rules, your initial meetings, and your work. When it becomes obvious in the records that you’re doing all the work, talk with the slacker. ⑤__________
A. Don’t let the anger and pain defeat you.
B. Come up with a great reward for meeting some goal.
C. Instead, take some steps to encourage your partner to work.
D. Unavoidably one or more members will try to do nothing.
E. Start out by giving your partner a clear task with a deadline.
F. Show him/her the evidence and suggest he or she pick up the pace.
G. Think about the future and the fact that you are going to be rewarded.
40、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
New research helps to explain why screaming is disturbing and useful.
Screams,like those we hear in horror movies,have a special quality that separates them from other noises we make and hear. These screams are recognized by people all over the world.
①_______ “Every kid in every culture screams. Every adult in the context of a true fear responds with screams. So it's just a feature of the human mind and brain．”
David Poeppel is a neuroscientist at New York University. He wondered why screams were recognized the same way by people all around the world. So,he and his colleagues set up an experiment.They recorded screams from movies and from volunteers who took part in the research.
②_______ Instead,they measured how quickly the sounds in the scream changed in volume. It was in this area-the change in volume that screams stand apart from other sounds.
When the volume of a sound changes that quickly it has a quality called roughness.“③_______David Poeppel and his team found that car alarms,sirens,and alarm clocks also have this quality,this roughness.”
The scientists then studied how this “roughness” changed brain activity. They asked the volunteers to listen to different types of screams and alarms in an MRI scanner,The researchers found that the greater “roughness” of a sound, the more it activates the amygdala.
④_______ “The amygdala acts like a gauge that says ‘wow,this sound has a lot of roughness in it; that’s particularly alarming and scary. ’”
Screams,it turns out,are a direct link to the part of our brain that tells us whether we should be afraid or not⑤_______.
Now,we know why a scream.. gets so much attention,So quickly.
A.People who hear these rough sounds are also more likely to react to them very quickly.
B.People of all cultures and languages hear the same thing in a scream: fear.
C.A scream is to say ‘I’m in trouble and I need help.’
D.The amygdala is an area deep in the brain that answers to fear.
E.The more roughness a sound has,the more worrying it is
F.Screams played a very important evolutionary role in our survival
G.he scientists,however,did not measure the screams for loudness or pitch gathering within you.
41、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information.①______Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help to remember things in everyday life.
To Remember: New words?
Technique: Change routine??? In a study, a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space. One group of students spent both sessions in the same room, while the other split the sessions between the two environments. During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more.②______That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc.
To Remember: Your PIN
Technique: Count it out??? You could use your birthday, or your phone number, but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out. Then try the tip from Dominic, an eight-time World Memory Champion. ③______For instance, “This is my PIN” = 4223.To Remember: Faces
Technique: Focus on noses??? While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces, the memory-palace technique doesn’t work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way. Rather than focusing on eyes, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a person’s nose.④______
To Remember: Facts & figures
Technique:?⑤______?
To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. If your exam is in a week, study today and then again in a day or two. If it’s a month away, study today and then wait a week before your second session.
A. Value exams
B. Give yourself time
C. This allows you to take in their whole face.
D. Their brain structures are in fact the same as the rest of ours.
E. Write a four-word sentence, and count the number of letters in each word.
F. The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you.
G. Another two studies also showed that changing other aspects of your environment can help.
42、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
??? Critical(批判的)thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. ①__________. Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.
??? Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ②__________. Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.
??? Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. ③__________.
??? Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ④__________. You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.
??? ⑤__________. There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego(自負)feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.
A. Actually, it’s about thinking better.
B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.
C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.
D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.
E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?
F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.
G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.
43、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出正確答案,。選項中有兩項為多余選項
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. ① .
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ② We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加強) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神經(jīng)元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. ③ .
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. ④ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ⑤ "You keep what matters," Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
44、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
“Post-truth" was chosen by Oxford Dictionaries as the Word of the Year 2016. Indeed, digital misinformation is on the rise and it is hard for people to distinguish. 1.__________
Before the dawn of the Internet, Canadians regularly turned to and trusted their preferred newspapers or radio stations for the latest news. 2. __________ It’s now coming at you from so many different sources(來源）that you need to take responsibility for what you’ve seeing.
Experts recommend relying on a range of sources instead of just one, but looking into them first. 3. __________ For example, the people connected, where they’re based, and their intention. A lack of information is certainly a warning.
Next, learning to recognize misinformation is important. False news spreads mostly through social media. So if you’re looking at news on Facebook，you have to handle it in wiser way. 4. __________ Is it from a well-informed relative or a friend who regularly expresses extreme views? And whatever you do,only by clicking through can you see whether the information is accurate.
5. __________ It has no limits in achieving that goal, so it plays on feelings and uses improper language. Therefore, if you feel excited to share something immediately, that’s the time you should stop and ask， “Is this accurate?"
If we all take that extra little pause, we’ll be able to stop this false thing from spreading.
A.Sources that are reliable tell you about themselves.
B.Fortunately, there are some simple ways to tell facts from fiction.
C.Consider who’s sharing it if it’s not posted directly from the source.
D.Today 42% of them use social media at least once a day to get their news.
E.Someone sets up “Hot Global News”, hoping the ad dollars would pour in.
F.False news is designed to seek attention in order to sell ads or make an idea public.
G.Evaluating sources and getting reliable news is important in the age of misinformation.
45、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出正確答案,。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
??? Many people are labeled as “sloppy(邋遢)” and “inefficient” because of messy tabletops. However, when we see the desks of Albert Einstein, Mark Twain and Zuckerberg—pioneers of their times—things might change.
??? Obviously, the world embraces(欣然接受) uniformity and order. ①____________?Those who don’t keep a neat and tidy desktop can actually develop organizational skills and manage work and thoughts successfully, even while swamped in piles of books, notes and documents.
??? Why do messy(凌亂的) desks bring creativity?
? ?? Research has found people working with a messy desktop are more likely to be creative and willing to take risks, while people with a tidy one tend to follow the rules and are less likely to try new things.
?? ??②____________ When you need new ideas and conceptions, a messy desk might be a good choice. When you want to be efficient and perform a task successfully,you'd better make a desk clean and tidy.
??? Why have messy tables?
?? ??③____________??
??? First, it makes them comfortable. A too-tidy room can sometimes make people uncomfortable, because it seems there is no place to rest their feet.
??? ?④____________ Messy tables can not only promote peopled creativity, but make it easier to concentrate, just like some novelists can write patiently in a noisy café.
?? ? Third, they may be perfectionists(完美主義者). For people who strive for perfection, they usually set aside unnecessary things and perform the most urgent ones perfectly.?⑤____________?
??? But no matter what kind of desk you prefer, we hope you feel comfortable and enjoy it!
A.?Disorder can bring creativity.
B.?Famous people like disorder.
C.?It leads to paper mountains on the desktop.
D.?Second, it helps them concentrate more easily.
E.?But a messy desk might not be ideal all the time.
F.?Usually, there are three reasons why some people prefer a messy desk.
G.?It also never refuses regular disorder, which seems like a mess but runs in an organized way.







答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：F; G; E; A; D
解析：這是一篇說明文。文章分析了導致人們生氣的三個原因并指出如何防止憤怒爆發(fā)。
1. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到導致人們生氣的三個主要原因: triggering(觸發(fā))events,personality traits(特征),our assessment of situations,下面的幾段具體分析了這三個原因與生氣的關(guān)系。故該句應該起承上啟下的作用,故F選項(如果我們愿意用批判性的目光來評估自己的話,那么了解這些原因?qū)刂莆覀兊膽嵟?承上啟下,故選F。
2. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。該空前面兩句提到引發(fā)憤怒的事件很多,例如:堵車,截止日期臨近,身體疼痛等。下一句提到:某件事會激發(fā)一個人的怒氣,但其他人卻不會為此而生氣的原因是由于個人的歷史和心理特征。該空承上啟下,應當提到某件事會使某些人生氣,但不會使別人生氣這個現(xiàn)象,故G選項(人們對這些事情的反應不一樣,這就導致使一個人生氣的事情可能會讓另一個人生氣,也可能不會讓另一個人生氣。)承上啟下,故選G。
3. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。上一句提到:每個人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比較好強,氣量比較小的人更容易生氣。下一句提到:而且,有時候,pre-anger并不一定是一種持久的狀態(tài),而是一種觸發(fā)事件發(fā)生前的暫時狀態(tài)。該空承上啟下,既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征,又要提到下一句中的pre-anger,故Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind. (擁有這些個性特征意味著憤怒之前的狀態(tài),憤怒就在你的大腦背景中。)承上啟下,故選E。
4. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到:有時候,甚至常規(guī)性的事件也會變成pre-anger或惱怒的來源。有時候?qū)@些情況的無知和負面觀點會產(chǎn)生憤怒。該空位于段首,引出下文,故A選項(我們的對情況的態(tài)度和看法也會在我們內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生憤怒。)是本段的主題句,概括全段內(nèi)容,故選A。
5. 考查上下文理解和邏輯推理能力。下一句提到:但是生氣很容易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸┝?所以最好了解一下憤怒的原因來阻止它的存在。該句和上一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,結(jié)合剩余選項可知,D選項(憤怒是一種特別強烈的感情,或許人們認為他們有理由生氣。)和下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選D。
點睛:七選五解題策略之一:詞語復現(xiàn)
詞語復現(xiàn)包括原詞復現(xiàn)和同反義詞復現(xiàn),及正確選項和空格前后句子有相同的詞或同反義詞相互呼應。抓住這些復現(xiàn)線索,題目自然迎刃而解。在第一小題中,空前的the main reasons和G選項中的these reasons屬于原詞復現(xiàn)。第二小題空前文提到的trigger,G選項中的trigger,和空后一句中的trigger也屬于原詞復現(xiàn)。

2答案及解析：
答案：B; G; F; C; A
解析：
本文是一篇說明文。我們的眼睛能清楚地表達很多意思,所以常說眼睛會說話。但實際上,目光接觸應根據(jù)特定的關(guān)系和場合而定。
1.?B【解題思路】根據(jù)空后所舉的在公交車上的例子可知,B項“Do you have such a kind of experience"引出下文,符合語境,故選B。
2. G【解題思路】空前一句講如果你被不必要地盯著,你就會上下打量自己,看看自己是不是有什么地方不對勁,G項"如果(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己)沒有什么問題的話,你會因為被那樣盯著而感到生氣"與上文語意連貫。故選G。
3.?F【解題思路】空前的一句講長時間看著某人可能是粗魯?shù)暮途哂星致孕缘?但空后講到當一個男士?長時間盯著一位女士看時, 情況并非如此。故可知空處是表示一種轉(zhuǎn)折:但是,當談到盯著異性看時,情況就不同了。故選F。
4. C【解題思路】空前講說話者不時地看聽者的眼睛就是為了確保聽者確實在聽自己說話,而空后則談到如果一個說話者說話時一直看著你,好像是在試圖控制你,你就會覺得不舒服。故可知空處應起到承上啟下的作用,C項(這就是正常的目光接觸) 符合語境。故選C。
5. A【解題思路】本段空前的一句說一個說謊的人錯誤地認為直視眼睹是真誠交流的一個標志,而此處則進一步說明其認識的錯誤性。故選A。

3答案及解析：
答案：DEGFA
解析：1. D【解題思路】根據(jù)后面-句"Code breaking never lags(落后）far behind code making" 可知，此空該選D(只要有密碼的存在，人們就會試圖去破解它們）。
2.E 【解題思路】根據(jù)后一句 “For example, the first letters of ‘ My elephant eats too many eels' spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’” 可知，此空該選E(你可以拼寫每個單詞的第一個字母來隱藏信息）。
3.G【解題思路】上一段介紹了第一種密碼類型，本段介紹的是第二種類型，再根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知，空處選G(另外一種隱藏信息的方式是用符號來代表字母表中的特定字母）。
4. F【解題思路】由前一句中的"a book"和空后的 “‘bridge’ might stand for...‘ me. ’”可知，此空該選F(有了密碼書，你就可 以寫下代表其他單詞的單詞）。
5. A【解題思路】本段介紹的是密碼書，根據(jù)空后的轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處該選A(沒有密碼書是很難破解密碼的）。

4答案及解析：
答案：
1. F
2. C
3. G
4. A
5. E
解析：
1. 我不打算照顧它,由后面 You have to(你必須)可知。
故選:F。
2. 孩子們喜歡重復成年人做的事,由后面 If your child sees you are carefully caring for your pets, you'll be teaching him how to look after them(如果你的孩子看到你精心照顧寵物,你會教他如何照顧他們)可知。
故選:C。
3. 這個經(jīng)歷鼓勵他去幫助別人。由前面 volunteer work(志愿者工作)可知。
故選:G。
4. 許多父母拒絕獎勵孩子們。由后面 the truth is that rewards work when you encourage responsible behavior in your kid(當你鼓勵孩子做出有責任的行為時,獎勵就會起作用)可知。
故選:A。
5.沒有個人的責任社會就不可能健康。由 So it is important to help your child grow into a healthy and responsible member of society(因此,幫助你的孩子成長為一個健康和負責任的社會成員是很重要的)可知。
故選:E。

5答案及解析：
答案：C; G; D; A; F
解析：1.本句與前一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，孩子雖然還小，但他們一樣可以保護環(huán)境。
2.本句對下文作鋪墊，說明孩子學會分類就是學習一項重要的教學技能。
3.本句對上文的敘述作進一步解釋，說明節(jié)約水的好處：節(jié)約錢。
4.本句概述了本段的內(nèi)容，即一家人一起種植東西。
5.本句解釋了標題句，作者建議孩子不要在室內(nèi)看電視或玩耍，要出去玩。

6答案及解析：
答案：F; A; G; D; B
解析：
一般情況下我們的面部表情和肢體語言會傳達我們的內(nèi)心所想,但是如果你傳遞給別人一些不明確的信息,對方可能很難理解。文章告訴我們,在實際交流中,表達盡量不要模棱兩可。
1.?F 根據(jù)下文“But what happens if your face and body send mixed messages?” 可知,這里談到面部表情和肢體語言也會傳遞不明確的信息,句中出現(xiàn)了but表示這里有轉(zhuǎn)折之意,上文應該談到,一般情況下,你的面部表情和肢體語言會告訴你的朋友你很高興見到他們,故選F項。
2.?A 根據(jù)下文“Previously,they had found that the tone of a person's voice can be more important?... ”可知,很早之前就有人發(fā)現(xiàn)說話的語氣可能比本身說的話更加能夠表達說話者的心情,故上文提出,對于科學家來說,這不是什么新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A項。
3.?G該題目需根據(jù)句式相同原則。根據(jù)上文“To test if this was true, psychologists from the Netherlands and Boston showed ...”可知,心理學家給人們看了很多單獨的面部表情和肢體語言的照片,而由G項中“They also showed ..."可知,心理學家還給人看了生氣或驚恐的面部表情和生氣或驚恐的肢體語言相匹配的一些照片,這樣做是為了形成對比,得出結(jié)論。故選G項。
4.?D 根據(jù)下文提到“A scared body had arms forward and shoulders square, as if ready to defend. ”,可知上文應該談到憤怒的肢體語是怎樣的,故選D項。
5.?B 根據(jù)最后一句“And if you want to be understood,it helps to avoid sending mixed messages. ”可知,如果你想要別人 能夠懂你,盡?量不要向?qū)Ψ絺鬟f一些不明確的信息,故上文告訴我們,你的肢體語言對于你告訴別人你的感覺很重要。故選B項。

7答案及解析：
答案：BDGFC
解析：密歇根大學的研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),在過去的十年里大學生的同情心嚴重下滑。本文闡述了同情心減少的原因,同情心的重要性以及如何培養(yǎng)人的同情心。
1.?B 由空處前文講到密歇根大學的研究者發(fā)觀大學生的同情心在過去的十年里嚴重減少,那么既然是調(diào)查研究就會闡述原因, B項中的because是關(guān)鍵詞。故B項符合語境。
2.?D 由空處前文Freed對這一問題的解釋,可知人們在電視上經(jīng)常會看到打架、 競爭或是人與人相互不尊重的現(xiàn)象,因此容易效仿。故D項正確。
3. G空處前句表明人類本質(zhì)的社會化,而空處要對前句進行舉例說明。人類本質(zhì)社會化比較重要的表現(xiàn)就是與他人建立關(guān)系,同情則對這些關(guān)系起到了決定性的作用。因此,兩句有很強的邏輯關(guān)系。故G項符合題意。
4.?F 根據(jù)空處前文“Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. ”,即同情是很多大公司甄選經(jīng)理的標準之一,由此可知同情也是一種社會技能,可以幫助你在生活的很多領(lǐng)域獲得成功。故F項符合題意。
5.?C空處前句講到培養(yǎng)同情心就要放下戒備真正聆聽別人。那么反過來,有很多人只顧著自己的觀點,很難培養(yǎng)同情心,由此?可判斷空處是對前句的補充。故C項符合題意。

8答案及解析：
答案：F; G; D; A; E
解析：顏色的關(guān)系緊密。我們對某種顏色和人的偏愛是與生俱來的.不同的顏色對我們的影響是不同的。暖色調(diào)讓人更快樂,更積極,工作效率更高。冷色調(diào)讓人悲觀、壓抑。
①全文介紹顏色和性格的關(guān)系。F項與上文中的”Do you like yellow…?"相呼應,且與下文中的"quiet, shy,and you would rather follow than lead''形成對比。
②根據(jù)空后的” as soon as you opened your eyes,or at least as soon as you could see clearlyn 可知,我們對某種顏色的喜愛是與生俱來的。故G項符合語境。
③根據(jù)空后的敘述可知,顏色影響人的心情。D項總領(lǐng)下文,是下文的主題句。
④上文說暖色調(diào)讓人快樂和放松,下文用事例說明了黑色給人帶來的不利影響,故此處選A(另一方面,黑色令人沮喪),此句起承上啟下的作用。
⑤根據(jù)下文可知,暖色調(diào)的機器比冷色調(diào)的機器使工人工作更好,事故更少。E項呼應下文。

9答案及解析：
答案：D; C; B; E; F
解析：
語篇解讀本文介紹了三種應對團隊中不積極的成員的做法
1.?D過渡句。由空后信息“因為他們知道負責任的團隊成員會付出更多來獲得好成績”可知,本句中的他們指的是那些懶惰者,故D項(不可避免地,一個或多個成員將試圖不做任何事)與之匹配。
2.?C 過渡句。由空后信息 it might make a positive difference to your partner判斷,此空信息應為做一些積極的事情,來改變你懶散的同伴,
故 C 項信息 take some steps?to encourage your partner to work 與之匹配.
3.?B細節(jié)句。本段標題為Think about rewards“思考獎勵” .B項信息 Come up with a great reward 與之匹配。解題關(guān)鍵詞:reward。
4. E 細節(jié)句。本段的標題信息 establish a set of work rules and deadlines 表明,要給懶惰的同伴設定一套工作規(guī)定和最后期限,E項信息giving your partner a clear task with a deadline(給你的同伴一個明確的有最后期限的任務)與之匹配.解題關(guān)鍵詞:Usk, deadline.
5.?F細節(jié)句。由空前內(nèi)容可知,當你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在做全部的工作時,你要和你懶散的同伴談話。由此可知,F項信息與之匹配,即向他/她展示證據(jù),并建議他/她跟上步伐.

10答案及解析：
答案：
1. B
2. G
3. E
4. D
5. A
解析：1.第一段提到世界各地的人們都能聽出恐怖電影中的尖叫聲。設空處后說來自不同文化背景的孩子會尖叫，成人在真正的恐懼中也會尖叫，故B項符合語境。
2.設空處下一句說Instead, they measured how quickly the sounds in the scream changed in volume.設空處應該提到研究人員沒有測設的內(nèi)容。故選G項。
3.設空處前的 When the volume of a sound changes that quickly it has a quality called roughness.和空后的 David Poeppel and his team found that car alarms, sirens, and alarm clocks also have this quality, this roughness.都是在談論roughness，設空處應與之相關(guān)，故選E項。
4.前文談到研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，聲音粗糙度越大，聲音對扁桃體區(qū)域刺激越大，下文提到扁桃體的反應是對于恐懼的測量儀器，因此這里應該說明什么是amygdala，故選D項。
5.此處總結(jié)尖叫聲與大腦中辨別害怕與否的區(qū)域相關(guān)，聽到這些粗糙聲音的人們更可能會快速地做出反應。

11答案及解析：
答案：
1.客觀填空 D
2.客觀填空 G
3.客觀填空 E
4.客觀填空 C
5.客觀填空 B
解析：
1.D【命題立意】考查考生對上下文順承關(guān)系的理解能力。
【試題解析】根據(jù)上文“In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information.”,此處應選擇既能承接上文又可引出下文的句子。故答案為D。
2.G【命題立意】考查考生對上下文順承關(guān)系的理解能力。
【試題解析】根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系,上文中說變換環(huán)境的學生單詞記憶的更多,下文中又說包括學習的時間,學習時播放的背景音樂甚至坐著還是站著都會影響記憶效率。故答案為G。研究顯示改變學習環(huán)境的其他因素也有作用。
3.E【命題立意】考查考生對上下文順承關(guān)系的理解能力。
【試題解析】根據(jù)上文所說你可以試一試曾是8屆記憶大賽冠軍的Dominic的建議,即寫下1句四個詞的話,然后將每個詞的字母數(shù)組成小型密碼呼應可知答案為E。
4.C【命題立意】考查考生對段落總結(jié)句的概括能力。
【試題解析】根據(jù) “focus on the centre or to the left of a person’s nose. ”,通過上下文邏輯關(guān)系可知注意人臉的中心或鼻子的左側(cè)部分,能讓你很快記住整張臉。故此處答案為C。
5.B【命題立意】考查考生對主題句的概括能力。
【試題解析】從本段主題句“To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. ”為了記住數(shù)據(jù),長時間內(nèi)反復的復習材料要比在短時間內(nèi)重復有效得多。因此此處應該選B。

12答案及解析：
答案：A; E; G; D; B
解析：本文為說明文。批判性思維是一種運用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以達到真正潛能的藝術(shù)。這是更好地思考。文中介紹了一些幫助你建立批判性思維基礎的技巧和想法:勇于質(zhì)疑、會移情,為他人著想、與聰明的人相處等。
①考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。本段是對批判性思維的定義。批判性思維是一種運用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以達到真正潛能的藝術(shù)。接著進行解釋:這并不是你思考的更久或更長。那是什么呢?”而是….”。分析選項,選項A(而是關(guān)于更好的思考)。不是….而是….,正是一種常用的解釋,因此A項符合題意。
②考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。第二段最后一句“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.” 那么整個基礎就需要自下而上重建。由此可推斷“如果是錯誤的就是重建”。分析選項,E項(但是如果他們被證明是錯誤的,或者至少不是完全真實的呢?)與后面的整個基礎就需要重建是互為條件。故選E項。
③考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。本段的意思是說除非你親自調(diào)查過,否則不要把權(quán)威性的信息帶進來。因為我們無法都仔細檢查每件事,所以權(quán)威性的東西并不非一定是值得信賴,并非是真的。分析選項可知,只在G項(所以雜志或網(wǎng)絡上發(fā)表的內(nèi)容并不意味著這是真的。)的意思與之相符,因為雜志上發(fā)表的東西相對是權(quán)威性的。故G與本段意思相一致。
④考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。本段的中心為:設身處地為別人著想即移情還可以幫助你培養(yǎng)批判性思維的技能。因為一點點理解就有助于深入了解他們。你理解他人越深,你做出的決定或判斷就越明智。分析選項,可知D選項選中的動詞understand與本段中的名詞understanding,選項中的judge評判與本段中decisions決定,判斷是詞義的復現(xiàn)。而其句意: “不理解別人時不要評價別人”,與本段意思相一致。因此D項符合題意,故選D。
⑤考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容:跟你身邊的聰明的人學習是最好的辦法,如果你想變得更聰明,那就不要自負,要與聰明的人交朋友,總之就是要與聰明的人在一起。本小題是對本段的總結(jié),分析選項可知B項(和比你更聰明的在一起)符合題意。

13答案及解析：
答案：CEFGB
解析：1. 【解題思路】考查前后句的連貫。所有的動物都睡覺，但其原因仍然是謎。當實驗室的老鼠不被允許睡覺時，它們一個月內(nèi)就死了。同樣，人類如果連續(xù)幾天不睡覺，就會生病。所以C項 正確。
2. 【解題思路】考查前后句的連貫。第二段首句指出一個觀點，即睡眠幫助人們鞏固新的記憶。而E項則支持該觀點，其中 That指代的就是睡眠幫助鞏固新的記憶這一觀點。所以E項正確。
3. 【解題思路】考查前后句的連貫?？涨爸v，睡眠會為第二天的新記憶騰出空間，且由第四段第一句中的人稱代詞he可知，F(xiàn)項正確。
4. 【解題思路】考查前后句的連貫?？涨爸v，有最直接的證據(jù)證明Tononi的觀點是對的，而空后的內(nèi)容介紹了實驗結(jié)果，故可推知空處應是介紹了 Tononi做的相關(guān)實驗，故G項正確。
5. 【解題思路】考查前后句的連貫。根據(jù)空前的關(guān)鍵詞protected, stayed以及空后的keep, matters可知，B項正確。

14答案及解析：
答案：1-5:BDACF
解析：
1. B結(jié)合語境看，上文提到網(wǎng)絡假信息越來越多，而且人們很難分辨出來，下文提到了分辨假信息的方法，因此B項 “幸好有一些簡單的方法來辨別真?zhèn)巍弊钅芷鸬匠猩蠁⑾碌淖饔谩?br /> 2.D上文說到以前加拿大人獲得消息的來源，D項說到現(xiàn)在一些加拿大人獲得消息的來源，D項中的"them"指代上文 的"Canadians"，且上文的"for the latest news"和D項中的"to get their news"呼應。
3.A上文提到專家推薦選擇多個信息來源，A項中的Sources呼應上文的sources且下文對A項 “可靠的信息來源會告訴你一些自身的信息"中的"身的信息”進行了列舉，故 A項符合語境。
4.C 下文的” Is it from a well-informed relative. .. views"中的代詞"it"與C項中的"it”指代的都是上文提到的"臉書上的新聞"，并且C項中的"who”與下文的問題呼應，因此選C。
5.F F 項"False news is designed to... public"與下文的"為了達到那樣的目的，虛假消息沒有底線"形成一個完整的信息鏈，下文的"goal” 指代F項中的"to sell ads or make an idea public" 。

15答案及解析：
答案：GEFDC
解析：
這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了凌亂的桌面可以帶來創(chuàng)造力。
1.?G【解析】由上下文語境可知,空處的上一句是說“秩序和統(tǒng)一為這個世界所包容”。而下一段則是說有些人在雜亂的環(huán)境中也能游刃?有余。故空處應是起承上啟下的作用,所以選G項。
2.?E【解析】由下文的when引導的從句可知,此處是在解釋兩種情況。 故E項(但是凌亂的桌面并不總是最佳選擇)符合此處的語境。
3.?F【解析】分析上下文可知,此空是在冋答上文的“Why have messy tables?”,且從下面的三個問題可知答案為F項。
4. D【解析】由上一段的first與下一段的third可知,這一段是在講述第二個原因。故D項符合此處的語境。
5. C【解析】由上文“努力達到完美的人通常會把不重要的事情先放在一邊然后去完成最重要的事情”可知,C項“這會導致桌面上的文件堆積如山”符合語境。

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