考點19  狀語從句近幾年全國各地中考對狀語從句的考查是中考必考考點之一,主要考查的是狀語從句,及有關(guān)連詞的區(qū)別應(yīng)用。考查的主要形式是單項填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。考查題型狀語從句的考查主要分布在改錯、句子運用、完形填空、詞語運用題。考查重點1. 引導(dǎo)狀語從句的應(yīng)用;2. 連詞的區(qū)別應(yīng)用概述 1. 狀語從句的定義:狀語從句指在句中用作狀語,起副詞作用的從句。2、狀語從句的分類:狀語從句可以位于句前、句中成句后。位于句首時,常用逗號與主句隔開,位于句中時,句前、后須用逗號,位于句后時,從句的前面可以不用逗號。 狀語從句主要包括時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句方式狀語從句和比較狀語從句。當(dāng)狀語由一個句子來充當(dāng)時,這個主從復(fù)合句就是狀語從句。I get up at 7 o’clock.(時間狀語)I get up when it is 7 o’clock.(時間狀語從句)He plays football at school.(地點狀語)He plays football where he studies(地點狀語從句)She was happy to hear the news.(原因狀語)She was happy because she heard the news.(原因狀語從句)They get up early to catch up the bus.(目的狀語)They get up early so that they can catch up the bus.(目的狀語從句)He is too young to go to school.(結(jié)果狀語)He is so yong that he can’t go to school.(結(jié)果狀語從句) 時間狀語從句時間狀語從句遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則。常用引導(dǎo)詞 when, as ,while, before, after, till, until, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the first time…. (名詞性短語)在時間狀語從句中,要注意時態(tài)一致。根據(jù)意義和主從句之間的時間關(guān)系,可分類:一、表示同時性,即主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。常見引導(dǎo)詞:when(當(dāng)...時),while(當(dāng)...時),as(當(dāng)...時), as soon as(一...就), once(一旦...)等典型例句1、It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday. 當(dāng)我昨天到學(xué)校的時候正在下雨。2、While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. 當(dāng)他正在做作業(yè)的時候,電話響了。3As/When I came home,I met an old schoolmate of mine.當(dāng)我回家的時候,我遇見了一個老同學(xué)。3、Once you see him, you will never forget him.一旦你見到他,你就不會忘記。  I will call you as soon as I get home.我一到家就給你打電話when,while,as區(qū)別1. when既可以指時間點”,與瞬間動詞連用,也可以指時間段,與延續(xù)性動詞連用(=while)。如:典型例句1When she came in,I stopped eating.當(dāng)她進來的時候,我停止了吃飯(came瞬間性動詞)2When I lived in the city ,I used to go to school by bus. 當(dāng)我居住在這座城市的時候,我過去常常坐公交車去上學(xué)(lived延續(xù)性動詞)3When he came in, his mother was cooking. 當(dāng)他進來的時候,他媽媽正在燒飯。4When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我們在學(xué)校的時候,我們每天都會去圖書館。2. while表示時間段,因此,While引導(dǎo)從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)的,并強調(diào)主句和從句兩個動作同時發(fā)生,多用于過去進行時。另外while還可以表示對比。如:典型例句1Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 別人在工作的時候請不要大聲說話。2Tom’s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard. 湯姆的哥哥正在玩電腦游戲然而湯姆正在努力地學(xué)習(xí)。3While my wife was watching TV,I was reading the newspaper.當(dāng)我妻子在看電視的時候,我在讀報紙watching延續(xù)性動詞,主從句都是過去進行時)4She was reading while I was singing.當(dāng)我在唱歌時,她在讀書。(reading延續(xù)性動詞,主從句都是過去進行時) 3. as 表示隨著……”一邊……一邊……”之意。重強調(diào)主句動作與從句動作同時發(fā)生,引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的。as也可表示一先一后。典型例句1We always sing as we walk.(兩個動作同時發(fā)生)我們總是邊走邊唱。2As we were going out,it began to snow.(兩個動作一先一后)當(dāng)我們出門時,開始下雪了。3I saw her as I was shopping(兩個動作同時發(fā)生)當(dāng)我購物時,我看到了她二、表示先、或者后,即主句的謂語動作發(fā)生在從句之前或之后。常見的引導(dǎo)詞:after(在...之后),before(在...之前)典型例句  After the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.在孩子們睡覺之后,她開始準(zhǔn)備她的課了。(從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前,所以從句用了過去完成時)  He had learned English for three years before he went to London.在他去倫敦之前,他已經(jīng)學(xué)了三年的英語了。(主句的動作發(fā)生在從句之前,所以主句用了過去完成時)  He ran off before I could stop him.在我能阻止他之前他跑掉了。(主句和從句的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生,時態(tài)一致)三、表示持續(xù)性或瞬間性。常見引導(dǎo)詞:since(自從),ever since (自從),until (直到……), till(直到……)在帶有tilluntil引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是一直到……,謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是直到…………”, “……以前不……”, 謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。如:The young man read till the light went out. 這個年輕人讀書一直讀到關(guān)燈。
Let’s wait until the rain stops. 讓我們等到雨停了吧。
We won’t start until Bob comes. 保羅來了我們才會開始。
Don’t get off until the bus stops. 直達公交車停了,再下車。典型例句1.He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來到這個學(xué)校他就學(xué)習(xí)很努力(主句中studied 延續(xù)性的動作,從句中came瞬間性動作)2.I have known him ever since he was a child.自從他是個小孩的時候我就認(rèn)識他了。(主句中known 延續(xù)性的動作,從句中was瞬間性動作)3.He watched TV untill/till his mother came back.他看電視直到他的媽媽回來。(主句中watched 延續(xù)性的動作,從句中came瞬間性動作)tilluntil區(qū)別1.一般情況下兩者可以互換,但在強調(diào)句型中多用until。2.till不可以用于句首,until可用于句首。3.用于肯定句中主句的動詞只能是延續(xù)性的動詞,用于否定句中,主句的動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞。Since表示主句的動作,從過去的某一點時間持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,從句時態(tài)常用一般過去時,主句的時態(tài)一般用現(xiàn)在完成時。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞,可以是延續(xù)性的也可以是非延續(xù)性的。如:He has not written to me since he graduated from high school. 自從他中學(xué)畢業(yè)以來,一直沒有寫信給我。We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago. 自從兩年前來到學(xué)校以來,我們已彼此熟悉了。但是在it is +時間+since從句的句型中,從句用一般過去時.此時從句中的動詞分兩種情況1It is +時間+since+非延續(xù)性動詞,譯為:自從從句動作發(fā)生以來已經(jīng)多長時間了。2It is +時間+since+延續(xù)性動詞,譯為:自從從句動作結(jié)束已經(jīng)多長時間了。如:典型例句It is 4 years since I came here.我來這已經(jīng)四年了(came非延續(xù)性動詞)It is 4 years since I lived here.我不在這住已經(jīng)4年了(lived延續(xù)性動詞)注意:在時間狀語從句里,通常不用將來時態(tài),用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。典型例句I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. 我一到紐約,我就給你打電話。  I will tell him everything when he comes back. 當(dāng)他回來時,我會告訴你關(guān)于他的一切。He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. 只有他親眼看到,他才會相信。原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞:because(因為),as(由于),since(既然)now that(既然),for(因為,引導(dǎo)的是并列句)典型例句He didn’t come to school because he was ill. 因為生病了,所以他沒來上學(xué)。  As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. 因為下雨了,我們不去動物園了。Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不了這個問題,我就問其他人了。He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能見過我, 因為我不在那里。【拓展because,as,sincefor 的區(qū)別1.because表示直接的原因,語氣最強。回答why提出的問題,語氣最強;。because的從句通常放在主句之后,because不能和so連用,because+從句。because of+名詞短語。I went to school late because I got up late.我上學(xué)遲到了是因為我起床晚了。Why didn’t he come here?Because he was ill.他為什么沒來,因為他生病了---Why didn’t you go there? ---Because I didn’t want to. 你為什么沒去那里,因為我不想去。Water is very important because we can't live without it. 水非常重要因為我們生活離不開水。2. as“因為,語氣較弱,用于說明原因, 著重點在主句,常譯成由于一般放在主句前,中間用逗號隔開,表示的是明顯的原因As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. 因為下雨了,我們不去動物園了。As he was not well,I decided to go there alone.因為他身體不好,我決定獨自去那。As it was raining hard,we had to stay at home.因為雨下的很大,我們不得不待在家。He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. 他昨天沒來,因為他媽生病了。3、since/ now that表示顯然的或已知的理由或事實,常譯成既然;一般放在主句前,中間用逗號隔開,表示的是明顯的原因或眾所周知的事實。典型例句I'll do it for you since you are busy. 既然你忙,我就幫你做吧。Since/ Now that you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.既然你覺得不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。Since/Now that this way doesn’t work,let’s try another.既然這種方式行不通,那咱們就嘗試另一種。4.for是并列連詞,引出的原因較間接,似乎是事后所想到的補充解釋的理由,只陳述一般推斷的理由,不一定表示產(chǎn)生結(jié)果的必然原因。只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首,常用逗號把它和前面的分句隔開。對主句補充說明理由或推斷原因。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨天晚上肯定下雨了,因為地是濕的。It rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨天晚上下雨了,因為地是濕的。She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.她一定出去的很早,因為她沒來吃早飯。注意:becauseso不能同時在一個句子中出現(xiàn)。Because he spends little time learning English, he fails in the exam.=He spends little time learning English, so he fails in the exam.因為他很少花時間學(xué)英語,所以考試沒過。目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連接詞有:so that(以便),in order that(為了),in case(以防)。從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might,should,will,would  He got up early so that he can catch up with the bus.=He got up early to catch up the bus.他早起以便能趕上公交車。  He was working hard in order that he can pass the examination.=He was working hard to pass the examination.他努力學(xué)習(xí)是為了能通過考試。  You need go home in case your family need you.你應(yīng)該回家以防你的家人需要你。  We started early so that we could catch the first train. 我們出發(fā)的很早為了能夠趕上第一班火車。  We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我們用電腦為了節(jié)省時間。【拓展so that的用法so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個:目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might等。從意思上看,目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。結(jié)果狀語從句前面有時會加上逗號。典型例句Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的) Jack is badly ill, so that he has to rest. (結(jié)果) 結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連接詞:so...that(如此...以至于),such...that(如此...以至于)So+形容詞/副詞+that+從句Such+形容詞+名詞+that+從句So+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that+從句但是如果名詞前有many/much/little/few修飾時,要用so不能用such。如:He has so much homework that he can’t watch TV.他有如此多的作業(yè),以至于他沒時間看電視He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他的朋友是如此的少,以至于他經(jīng)常感到很孤獨There were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. 有如此多的鹿以至于它們吃完了所有的野玫瑰。
He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you. 他幾乎沒有時間所以不能和你一起去看電影。典型例句1. He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son. 他如此窮以至于他不能給他兒子買自行車。
2. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. 她是個如此好的老師,以至于每個人都很喜歡她。
3. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it. 我的鉛筆掉到桌子底下了,以至于我看不到它。4. He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑的如此的快以至于沒人能夠追上他。【拓展so…thatsuch...that可以互換。如:He is so young that he can’t go to school.=He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.=He is so young a boy that he can’t go to school.他太小了以至于不能去上學(xué)。 so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,so是副詞,與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “...so + 形容詞(副詞)+ that + 從句典型例句He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. 他如此開心,以至于說不出話來了。
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. 大廳如此之大以至于可以容納二千人。
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 媽媽住的如此地遠(yuǎn)以至于我很少能見到他。 such…that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中,such是形容詞,它修飾名詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “...such + a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ that + 從句、“...such +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ that + 從句“...such +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+ that + 從句典型例句It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天如此的熱以至于沒人想做事情。He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. 他胳膊如此的長,以至于他可以夠到天花板。He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exams. 他進步很快,以至于他期中考試考的很好。 有時上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。典型例句It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.電影如此的好看,以至于我們都還想再看一遍。It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.這是一次非常重要的比賽,以至于沒人想錯過。條件轉(zhuǎn)語從句一、引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連接詞:if(如果),unless(除非),as long as(只要)。條件狀語從句要:主將從現(xiàn)、主情(情態(tài)動詞)從現(xiàn)、主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn)。典型例句  If it doesn’t rain tomorrow ,we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨,我們就去遠(yuǎn)足。(主將從現(xiàn))  If you work harder,you can get higher grades.如果你更加努力學(xué)習(xí),你就能獲得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。(主情從現(xiàn))  I will call you as long as I get there.只要我到那了,就給你打電話。(主將從現(xiàn))4. What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? 如果明天下雪,我們怎么辦?   5. Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. 不要離開這棟樓除非我告訴你離開。二、在條件狀語從句里,謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。典型例句1. I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. 如果我明天有空,我就幫你學(xué)習(xí)英語。  2. He won’t be late unless he is ill. 除非他生病,否則他不會遲到的。三、祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句在意思上相當(dāng)于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。典型例句1. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. 快點,不然你就遲到了。Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會通過這次考試。比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由as…as, 比較級 + than…等連詞引導(dǎo)。典型例句Tom runs faster than John does. 湯姆跑的比約翰快。    This classroom is as big as that one. 這個教室和那個一樣大。讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連接詞:althoughthough,while,as,even if,even though,whether...or,no matter+疑問詞,疑問詞+ever。一般翻譯為:盡管...,即使...,無論...1.thoughalthough表示雖然,盡管,在一般情況下可以互換,在口語中,though比較常用,althoughthough正式,二者都可以和yet,still連用,但是不能和but連用。典型例句My will remain firm though I must lower my physical sights. 盡管我得降低體育(鍛煉)的目標(biāo),但我的意志是堅強的。Though I believe it,yet I must consider. 盡管我相信這一點,但我還得考慮考慮。Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了,但仍然繼續(xù)工作。Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀(jì)大了,身體還很健壯。Althoug/Though he was tired,he kept on working.盡管他很累,但是他仍然繼續(xù)工作2. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要部分倒裝,被倒裝的部分可以是表語,狀語或動詞原形Child as he is ,he is very brave.盡管是個孩子,他仍然很勇敢。Hard as he worked,he didn’t suceed.盡管他努力了,但是還是沒有成功。3. even if/even though表示即使,縱使,含有假設(shè)含義,兩者通??梢曰Q。典型例句We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor,she loves him. 即使他很窮,但她還是愛他。Even though he is poor,she loves him. 盡管他很窮,但她還是愛他。He seemed youthful even though he was an old man. 盡管他已經(jīng)是老年人,但看上去仍然是朝氣蓬勃的。We will go hiking even if/though the weather is bad.盡管天氣不好,我們?nèi)匀灰ミh(yuǎn)足。4. whether...or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示不論是否……”,不管是……還是……”之意。由這一個復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)。典型例句You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個典禮。Whether you believe it or not,it's true. 無論你是否相信,這都是真的。Whether or not they win this battle,they won't win the war. 不管他們是否能贏得這次戰(zhàn)役,他們絕不會贏得這場戰(zhàn)爭。You have to finish you homework whether you are free or busy.不管你忙不忙,你都必須完成作業(yè)。Whether you believe it or not,it’s true.不管你信不信,它都是真的。5. “no matter+疑問詞疑問詞-ever”的含義為“…………;不管…………”它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換No matter what happened,he would not mind.=Whatever happened ,he would not mind.無論發(fā)生什么他都不不在意。No matter who you are ,you must follow the rules.=Whoever you are ,you must follow the rules.無論你是誰,都必須遵守規(guī)則。典型例句No matter what happened,he would not mind. =Whatever happened,he would not mind. 無論發(fā)生了什么事情,他都不會介意的。No matter who you are,you must keep the law. =Whoever you are,you must keep the law. 不管你是誰,你都需要遵紀(jì)守法。Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. 無論你說什么,我都不會相信你。地點狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的連接詞:where,wherever1.We should camp where we can get water.我們應(yīng)該在能找到水的地方露營2.You can go wherever you like.你可以去你想去的任何地方。3. Go where you like. 去你想去的地方。     4. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。注意where也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。Where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和定語從句區(qū)別就看前面有沒有先行詞。1.Go back where you come from.你從哪來回哪兒去。(where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句)2.Go back to the village where you come from.回到你來的那個村子里。(where引導(dǎo)的定語從句,其前面有先行詞village方式狀語從句一、as(just) as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后,意思是正如…”,就像。典型例句Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, we should sweep backward.ideas from our minds. 正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落。二、as ifas though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,意為"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。典型例句They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些事實,就仿佛它不存在似的。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。學(xué)記狀語從句種類口訣:狀語從句有八種,時地原因條件補,目的結(jié)果方讓步,連詞引導(dǎo)各不同。主句通常前面走,連詞引從緊隨后。從句若在主前頭,主從之間有個逗。 

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