
?考點(diǎn)14非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
命題趨勢(shì)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是歷年中考必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看,一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2~4分。從命題意圖看,側(cè)重考查考生的具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的能力。
考查題型:從命題形式來(lái)看,時(shí)態(tài)以單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空為主、詞語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇填空等均有考查題型。
考查重點(diǎn):從近年的中考試題來(lái)看,以下是考查重點(diǎn)
1. 動(dòng)詞不定式;2. 動(dòng)名詞;3. 分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)。
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞概述
1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念:動(dòng)詞按照在句中作不作謂語(yǔ),可以分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中不可以充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),它不受主語(yǔ)的限制,也沒(méi)有像謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞那樣的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化,又稱(chēng)為非限定動(dòng)詞,但是可以充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的其它句子成分。
2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用條件:在一個(gè)單句中,如果已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而且在沒(méi)有連詞的情況下,需要使用其它動(dòng)詞時(shí),用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。
3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi):動(dòng)詞不定式(to do)、動(dòng)名詞(doing)、現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)、過(guò)去分詞(done)
構(gòu)成:to + 動(dòng)詞原形
動(dòng)詞不定式
作用:作除謂語(yǔ)外的任何成分
構(gòu)成:v-.ing/v.-ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)
動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式 分詞
作用:表、定、狀、補(bǔ)
構(gòu)成:v.-ing
動(dòng)名詞
作用:主、賓、表、定
考點(diǎn)一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)及其功能分類(lèi)
不定式
被動(dòng)形式:to be done,to have beeen done doing,to have done
形式
現(xiàn)在分詞
主動(dòng)形式:doing, having done
被動(dòng)形式:being done, having beeen done doing,to have done
過(guò)去分詞done
1.不定式做狀語(yǔ)
2.分詞做狀語(yǔ)
3.獨(dú)立成分做狀語(yǔ)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
做狀語(yǔ)
1.不定式做定語(yǔ)
2.分詞做定語(yǔ)
做定語(yǔ)
功能
1.不定式做賓語(yǔ)
2.動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)
做賓語(yǔ)
1.不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
2.分詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
3.不定式、分詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
作主語(yǔ)
1.不定式做主語(yǔ)
2.動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)
1.不定式做表語(yǔ)
2.動(dòng)名詞做標(biāo)
:動(dòng)詞不定式的功能及用法
動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成:動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式為:to+動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可不帶to。不定式的否定形式是not to+動(dòng)詞原形。
1、動(dòng)詞不定式的功能及用法圖表
動(dòng)詞不定式
不定式(to) do的用法
不定式的時(shí)態(tài)
不定式的一般式
1.表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生eg:I saw him go out.
作主語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)
作賓語(yǔ)
作賓補(bǔ)
作定語(yǔ)
作狀語(yǔ)
賓從省略式
常被形式主語(yǔ)it代替
be+to do “是做”
被形式賓語(yǔ)it代替
省to或不省
要后置,省介否
表目的,原因
疑問(wèn)詞+to do
不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)
詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。eg:He pretended
to be sleeping when I came in.
2表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生eg:He is believed to be coming
2.表式在謂
語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生。
eg: I plan to attend the meeting tommow.
2、動(dòng)詞不定式的作用
(1)作主語(yǔ):
To grow more trees here is very important.(=It is very important to grow more trees here.)在這里多種些樹(shù)是非常重要的。
To think carefully before you act is necessary.(=It is necessary for you to think carefully before you act.)
你須三思而后行。
To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.)步行到學(xué)校我要花20多分鐘。
注意:
在It is...to的句型中,It是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式;這種結(jié)構(gòu),避免了句子的頭重腳輕。通常不定式被視為單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng),所以動(dòng)詞用is或was。常用句型有:
①I(mǎi)t is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意為"做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是……"。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意為"做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間"如:
To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.學(xué)好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言是不容易的。
It's bad for your eyes to read in the sun.在陽(yáng)光下看書(shū)對(duì)你的眼睛有害。
另外,不定式作主語(yǔ)的句子,同時(shí)有另外一個(gè)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),不能轉(zhuǎn)換成“It is...to...”的句型。例如:
To see is to believe. (百聞不如一見(jiàn)。)不能轉(zhuǎn)換為:It is to believe to see.
(2)作賓語(yǔ):一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞多表示打算或者希望,如would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:would like, want, like, hope, wish, plan, decide, learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse, afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等動(dòng)詞可用于"動(dòng)詞+it+adj.+to do sth."句型中。it作形式賓語(yǔ),而真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。如:
I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。
I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我發(fā)現(xiàn)要通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)考試很難。
She wanted to get home earlier that day.她那天想要早一些到家。
They refused to do so.他們拒絕那樣做。
巧記接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
hope、wish、want、agree、promise、demand、ask、refuse、manage、learn 、decide、Pretend、choose 三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng); 設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定 不要假裝在選擇
(3)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):
要求用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多,例如:ask, want, believe, know, tell, advice , like, feel, help, force, invite, let, have, make, prefer, notice, order, remind, see, teach, think, expect, enable, cause, choose, allow, persuade等。
She adviced him to do so.她勸他這么做。
The doctor told me not to go on with the work.醫(yī)生告訴我不要再繼續(xù)做這件工作了。
He reminded me to lock the door when I Left.他提醒我離開(kāi)時(shí)鎖上門(mén)。
注意: ①不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
Tom asked him to turn off the radio. 湯姆要他關(guān)掉錄音機(jī)。
I want my father to buy a kite for me. 我想要我爸爸給我買(mǎi)個(gè)風(fēng)箏。
The teacher warned the students not to cheat in the exam. 老師警告學(xué)生不要考試作弊。
在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,可以用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替作直接賓語(yǔ)的不定式,而將不定式放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面。
She found it difficult to change his mind.她發(fā)現(xiàn)要想改變他的思想很困難。
He considered it his duty to do so.他認(rèn)為這樣做是應(yīng)該的。
The situation now makes it easy for them to finish building the bridge on time.目前的這種情況使他們很容易按時(shí)完成大橋的建設(shè)。
②1、表示感官的動(dòng)詞如see, hear, watch, feel, notice和某些使役動(dòng)詞如let, make, have等,其后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式通常不帶to。例如:
It made me feel thirsty.這東西讓我感到口渴。
My mother lets me cook the dinner. 媽媽讓我燒飯。
Can you hear someone sing in the next room? 你能聽(tīng)到有人在隔壁房間唱歌嗎?
2、動(dòng)詞help之后,不定式帶to或不帶to都可以。
Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase?請(qǐng)你幫我提一下這個(gè)衣箱好嗎?
必背:下列結(jié)構(gòu)必須使用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
had better do...最好還是做……
would you please do...請(qǐng)您做……
would rather do...寧愿做……
would sooner do...愿做……
may just as well do...是做……的好
rather than do...而不是做……
例如:
Susan preferred to stay at the dormitory rather than go out with them.蘇姍寧可呆在宿舍里,也不跟他們出去。
As you are feeling hungry, you may just as well find something to eat.既然你覺(jué)得餓了,還是找些吃的東西吧。
You'd better take this way.你最好走這條路。
(4)作定語(yǔ):不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)放在名詞后面,它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如果是不定式不及動(dòng)詞,且與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),要在不定式后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。動(dòng)詞不定式放在名詞、代詞后作定語(yǔ),兩者之間常有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此,如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面應(yīng)該加上相應(yīng)的介詞。常接不定式作定語(yǔ)的名詞有:這類(lèi)名詞經(jīng)常使用的有:time, way,chance, right(權(quán)力),need(需要),decision(決定),opportunity(機(jī)會(huì)), effort(努力),courage(勇氣),struggle(斗爭(zhēng))等。如:
Mr. Wang is a man to believe in.王先生是一位值得信賴(lài)的人。
I think he is a man to depend on.我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)可以依賴(lài)的人。
Can you find anything to read at the dentist?在牙診所你可以找到可閱讀的東西嗎?
The boy found no one to play with.這孩子找不到人跟他一塊玩。
(5)作狀語(yǔ):不定式??捎米鳡钫Z(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞,表示行為的目的、結(jié)果和原因。如:
To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要對(duì)頭。
(6)作表語(yǔ):放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ),不定式作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征和屬性。
①不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
I am sorry to have bothered you.我非常抱歉打攪了你。(原因狀語(yǔ))
They will come to the city to look for a job.他們將要到大城市來(lái)找工作。(目的狀語(yǔ))
If you are so stupid as to do so, you must expect trouble.你如果愚蠢得這樣做事,你就等著自找麻煩吧。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
②“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式含有否定的意思,因此“too...to...”表示“太……而 不能……”。
The boy is too young to join the army.這孩子太小,還不能參軍。
He is too busy to see me.他太忙,不能來(lái)看我。
③“so as...+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),意思是“以便……”;“so+形容詞(副詞)+as+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
He went there quickly so as to meet her.他趕快到那里去以便可以碰見(jiàn)她。(目的)
He was so kind as to offer his seat to me.承他好意,把座位讓給了我。(結(jié)果)
The man was so angry as to smash the things in the room.這個(gè)人氣極了,便開(kāi)始摔屋里的東西。(結(jié)果)
比較:不定式作賓語(yǔ)和作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。
She wants to sleep. (作賓語(yǔ))她想去睡覺(jué)。
She went there to sleep. (作狀語(yǔ))她去那兒睡覺(jué)。
不定式的特殊用法
1、使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),須省略to。此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(tīng)(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五幫(help)。變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),省略的to則要加上。
2、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not to do,其被動(dòng)形式為to be done。
?Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我們老師要求我們不要獨(dú)自一人在河里游泳。
3、常接"疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式"的動(dòng)詞有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我媽媽教我如何做飯。
4、不定式常與特殊疑問(wèn)詞what,which,when, where, how連用,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。
注意:動(dòng)詞不定式仍然具有動(dòng)詞的功能,可以接賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)而構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。例如:
to beat the opponent 打敗對(duì)手;to put on your coat 穿上你的大衣;to drive fast 快速駕車(chē)
to return home 歸國(guó),回家
不定式之前的to(又稱(chēng)為小品詞)與介詞to功能不同。介詞to 之后要接名詞或代詞的賓格,或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語(yǔ)作它的賓語(yǔ)。而不定式的小品詞to的后面需要跟原形動(dòng)詞。
speak to him (to是介詞)對(duì)他講話(huà)
to speak English (to是不定式的小品詞)講英語(yǔ)
、動(dòng)名詞的功能及用法
動(dòng)名詞是由"動(dòng)詞+-ing"構(gòu)成,和現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣,兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特點(diǎn)。
1、動(dòng)詞不定式的功能及用法圖表
動(dòng)名詞
動(dòng)名詞的用法
作主語(yǔ)eg:Seeing is believing
作表語(yǔ)eg:Her job is teaching
作賓語(yǔ)eg:He fond of playing football
作定語(yǔ)eg:He has a reading room
接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的情況
在下列動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞形式:admit,advise,allow,anticipate,
2、動(dòng)名詞作用
(1)作主語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)多表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)有:It is no use(good)+v.ing.如:
Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
It is no use arguing again.再去爭(zhēng)吵也沒(méi)有用。
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集郵是他的愛(ài)好。
Eating too much is bad for health. 吃太多對(duì)你的健康有害。
Speaking loudly in the reading room is not allowed. 在閱覽室里大聲說(shuō)話(huà)是不允許的。
(2)作表語(yǔ):放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。如:
Her job is teaching English. 她的工作是教英語(yǔ)。
My hobby is lying on the bed and watching TV. 我的愛(ài)好是躺在床上看電視。
Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顧這些小孩子。
(3)作賓語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)放在某些動(dòng)詞后邊以及介詞后面,表示一般的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),不能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的詞有:avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest,succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busy。如:
No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管發(fā)生了什么事情,我都不會(huì)放棄去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的夢(mèng)想。
I have finished doing my homework. 我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。
Do you mind opening the window for us? 你介意幫我們打開(kāi)窗戶(hù)嗎?
The children feel like drinking some water. 孩子們想喝點(diǎn)水。
What about going swimming in the afternoon? 下午去游泳怎么樣???
(4)作定語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示所修飾名詞的用途、作用等,用于名詞前,起修飾說(shuō)明作用。如:
There is a swimming pool in her home. 她家有個(gè)游泳池。
a swimming pool 游泳池
the reading room 閱覽室
teaching methods 教學(xué)方法
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法
即可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)兩者之間的意義差別不大,但remember, regret, want, try等詞后差別比較明顯。
某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。
1、 stop to do 停下來(lái)去做另一件事
stop doing 停止做某事
He stopped to have a rest. 他停下來(lái)休息了會(huì)。
Let’s stop talking. 讓我們停止談話(huà)。
2、 forget to do 忘記要去做某事(未做)
forget doing 忘記做某事(已做)
Don’t forget to turn off the light. 不要忘記關(guān)燈。
He forgot locking the door. 他忘記把門(mén)已經(jīng)鎖了。
3、 remember to do 記得要去做某事(未做)
remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事(已做)
Remember to hand in your homework. 記得交作業(yè)。
Don’t you remember seeing the person before? 你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)人嗎?
4、 regret to do 對(duì)要做的事表示遺憾(未做)
regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)的事表示遺憾(已做)
I regret to tell you that I have failed in the exam. 我很后悔告訴你我考試沒(méi)過(guò)。
The lady doesn’t regret marrying the man. 這個(gè)女的不后悔嫁給這個(gè)男的。
5、 try to do 設(shè)法或努力做某事
try doing 嘗試做某事
We must try to be more careful. 我們必須多加小心。
He is trying opening the door. 他正在嘗試打開(kāi)門(mén)。
6、 mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味著做某事
I mean to buy a car, but I have no money. 我打算買(mǎi)倆車(chē),但是我沒(méi)錢(qián)。
Doing that means wasting time. 那樣做意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
7、 go on to do 放下手頭的事繼續(xù)做別的事
go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事
We got up and went on to have breakfast. 我們起床后,接著吃早飯。
He didn’t have a rest and went on working. 他沒(méi)有休息,繼續(xù)工作著。
分詞的功能及用法
分詞包括“現(xiàn)在分詞”和“過(guò)去分詞”。其構(gòu)成為“現(xiàn)在分詞”由v.+ing構(gòu)成,“過(guò)去分詞”v.+ed(規(guī)則動(dòng)詞)構(gòu)成。
過(guò)
去
分
詞
形式
功能
(1)一般情況,在動(dòng)詞后加ed.
(2)在以-e結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞后只加d.
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)將y改為i 再加-ed.
(4)以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母動(dòng)詞,先雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母再加-ed
作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ); 作原因狀語(yǔ)
作條件狀語(yǔ); 表示伴隨狀況
做狀語(yǔ)
做定語(yǔ)
做賓補(bǔ)
過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。過(guò)去分詞自身就可以表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的意義。
1.過(guò)去分詞可以作名詞的 前置定語(yǔ)
感官動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ) +過(guò)去分詞賓補(bǔ)(意義被動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成);感官動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+ing形式賓補(bǔ)(意義主動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行)
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)可以作名詞的后置定語(yǔ)
1.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)之意。
2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)有完成之意。
有些不及物動(dòng)詞必須和副詞搭配才能作定語(yǔ)
使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞賓補(bǔ)(意義被動(dòng),已經(jīng)完成);使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+ing形式賓補(bǔ)(意義主動(dòng),正在進(jìn)行)
過(guò)去分詞賓補(bǔ)表示正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)意義時(shí)要采用"being?+?過(guò)去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)
過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),要在過(guò)去分詞的前面加上一個(gè)名詞,構(gòu)成過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。作狀語(yǔ)。
1、過(guò)去分詞的功能及用法
2、“現(xiàn)在分詞”和“過(guò)去分詞”的功能比較
(1)作定語(yǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行,有主動(dòng)的含義,過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成,有被動(dòng)的含義。如: The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那個(gè)哭泣的男孩使我們很煩惱。
(2)作表語(yǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征,過(guò)去分詞表示某種狀態(tài),放在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)。如:
The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 這個(gè)故事很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣。
(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。如:
He could hear his heart beating fast.他可以聽(tīng)見(jiàn)自己的心臟跳得很快。
(4)作狀語(yǔ):通常表示主語(yǔ)正在進(jìn)行的另一動(dòng)作,來(lái)對(duì)主語(yǔ)的主要?jiǎng)幼骷右孕揎棥,F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)是主句主語(yǔ);過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯賓語(yǔ)是主句主語(yǔ)。如:
I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲憊地回到家里。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題技巧
1、用作目的狀語(yǔ),原則上要用不定式。
2、用作伴隨狀語(yǔ),原則上要用-ing。
3、用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可用-ing或不定式,其區(qū)別是,一般用-ing,表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果,即結(jié)果在
意料之中。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果,即結(jié)果在意料之外。
4、凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí),原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是,如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,則用不定式的
被動(dòng)式;如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,則用-ing的被動(dòng)式。
5、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。
6、強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí),原則上要用完成式(根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或-ing
的完成式)。
7、用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí):用不定式,表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行;用過(guò)去分詞,
表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。
【巧學(xué)妙記】
后跟to do作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(詞組)
(1)想要,拒絕,忘記 (want/would like, refuse, forget)
(2)需要,努力,學(xué)習(xí) (need, try, learn)
(3)喜歡,同意,幫助 (like, agree, help)
(4)希望,決定,開(kāi)始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start)
【巧學(xué)妙記】
巧記后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)
盼望(look forward to)習(xí)慣(be used to)卻完畢(finish)
想要(feel like)花費(fèi)(spend)去練習(xí)(practice)
忍俊不禁(can’t help)還介意(mind)
模擬訓(xùn)練
一、選擇最佳答案
1. I’ll do what I can ________ you.
A. help B. for help C. helps D. to help
2. How ________ did it take the sculptors ________ a model?
—About 3 months.
A. long; finishing B. often; to finish C. far; to finish D. long; to finish
3. We are glad that more attention has been paid ________ the air around us.
A. to improve B. to to improve C. to improving D. to to imporving
4.—Do you prefer ________ basketball with me?
—No, I’d rather stay at home and watch TV.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
5. It’s reported that China plans ________ Hainan into a new free trade port by 2025.
A. build B. to build C. building
6. ________ baseball game, you need to go to the Yankee Stadium.
A. To watch B. After playing
C. Before buying D. Looking at
7.—Thanks a lot for going out of your way ________ me.
—It’s my pleasure.
A. help B. helping
C. helped D. to help
8. Why not ________ an English Club to practice ________?
A. to join; speaking B. join; speaking
C. join; to speak D. to join; to speak
9.—Is Tom in the next room?
—Well, it’s hard to say. But I heard him ________ loudly when I passed by just now.
A. speak B. to speak
C. spoken D. speaking
10. I learn English by ________ aloud.
A. read B. to read
C. read to D. reading
二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. He didn’t finish (read) the book until last week.
2. There must be something wrong with my TV set. I’ll have it (repair).
3. She couldn’t help (smile) at the words.
4. Would you mind my (open) the windows?
5. It’s no use (ask) him about it.
6. The boy kept (wait) outside the hole for about ten minutes.
7. Every morning my grandpa spends half an hour (water) the flowers.
8. We’re so much looking forward to (see) you again.
9. I can read many books every month, and I think most of them are worth (read).
10. This problem is a bit hard. Let me (think)it over.
11. Who can make the child (stop) crying?
12. Did you have your homework (finish)?
13、He wants ______(travel) around the world.
14、We decide _____(plan) for our summer holiday.
15、He finds it hard ________(catch up with) his classmates.
三、詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用
閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思完整,每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。
mop;smoke;apologize;look;mind;punish;fine;hit;catch;tremain
A cook was caught 1 (smoke) red-handed and the owner of the restaurant made him
2 (hit) on road immediately. With so many staff 3 (look) at him ,he felt very embarrassed . His colleagues found it right for him 4 (punish), because the lighted cigarette ends could cause the whole restaurant 5 (catch) fire. The cook begged the owner to give him the last chance . The owner eventually had him 6 (apologize) and got him 9 (fine).The cook was allowed 10 (remain). Now, he is seen 11 (mop) the floors hard and I notice many customers passing him .He is listen to to remind them 14 (mind)the sign, reading “NO SMOKING !” I hear a voice in my heart saying “respect yourself and you will feel valued.”
四、完形填空
In?the?Quality?Education?Month?of?Shanghai?Yangpu?District,?the?visitors?were?attracted?by?a Chinese
class?of grade?two?in?the?Primary?School?under?shanghai?No.?2?Normal?School.When?class?began, the
teacher truned?on TV?instead?of?__1__?the?pupils?to?open?their textbooks. On the TV__2__?a?cartoon. With?the?cartoon?__3__on, the teacher kept asking questions.?"What does?the?little ___4__ dog?look
like?“?How?is?his?expression?”and“what lady?Silk?worm?doing? The?pupils?watched?carefully and___5__
their?hands___6__ the questions?one?after?another. After___7__a?few?times?and?___8__ about?it?together,
the?pupils handed?in?a?short?composition ___9__"The?little?Spotted?Dog?Guards?the?House”.
Much?to?the?surprise?of?the?visitors,?the?cartoon?shown?on?TV?was?designed?and?made?by?the?They?help?the pupils?to?understand?the?difficult?points?in?the?texts, ___10___ their?imagination?and?improve?their oral
ability.
1.A.?having?asking B. asking C.?to?ask D.?being?asking
2.?A?appeared B?appearing C.?appear D?appears
3.?A.to?go B?going C.?went D.?had?gone
4.?A.?spotting B.spotted C.being?spotted D.is?spotted
5.A. put up B.?putted up C.?putting up D.put down
6.A.?to?answer B.?for?answering C.?and?answering D.?to?answering
7.A.watched B.watching C.?having?watched D.?watches
8.A?talked B.?having?talked C.?talk D.?talking
9.A.titled B.?being titled C.?have?titled D.?titling
10.?A.enrich B.to enrich C.?enriched D?enriching
【參考答案】
一、選擇最佳答案
1. D【解析】句意:我將做我所能做的來(lái)幫助你。不定式在這里作目的狀語(yǔ);故選D。
2. D【解析】句意:——完成一個(gè)模型需要花費(fèi)雕塑家多少時(shí)間?——大約3個(gè)月。How long提問(wèn)時(shí)間多久,how far提問(wèn)距離"多遠(yuǎn)",句型it take sb +時(shí)間+to do意為"花費(fèi)某人……時(shí)間去做……",所以第二空應(yīng)該使用不定式形式to finish(完成),故選D。
3. C【解析】句意:我們很高興人們對(duì)我們周?chē)目諝饨o予了更多的關(guān)注。to improve動(dòng)詞不定式;to to improve第一個(gè)to是短語(yǔ)pay attention to;第二個(gè)to是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào);to improving是介詞to后跟動(dòng)名詞;to to improving形式錯(cuò)誤。這個(gè)題目考查了短語(yǔ)pay attention to…注意……,to是介詞,后面跟動(dòng)名詞形式,所以選C。
4. B【解析】句意:——你愿意和我打籃球嗎? ——不,我寧愿待在家里看電視。這里是考查動(dòng)詞prefer的用法prefer后有兩種形式,一種是prefer sth./doing sth.寧愿/更喜歡做某事, 第二種是prefer to do sth.意思是"愿意做某事"。從語(yǔ)境可知這里想表達(dá)的是愿意做某事,所以用prefer to play,故選B。
5. B【解析】句意:據(jù)報(bào)道,中國(guó)計(jì)劃在2025年底前把海南建成一個(gè)新的自由貿(mào)易港??疾閯?dòng)詞形式辨析題。plan to do打算/計(jì)劃做某事,固定短語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意語(yǔ)境,可知選B。
6. A【解析】句意:為了看棒球,你需要去洋基體育場(chǎng)。此處動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。
7. D【解析】句意:——非常感謝你能專(zhuān)門(mén)來(lái)幫助我?!@是我的榮幸。此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),故選D。
8. B【解析】句意:為什么不加入一個(gè)英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部來(lái)練習(xí)口語(yǔ)呢?提建議句型"為什么不做某事"(why not do sth.);練習(xí)做某事(practice doing sth.);故選B。
9. D【解析】答語(yǔ)句意:我剛剛經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí),聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他在大聲說(shuō)話(huà)。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞。
10. B【解析】句意:我通過(guò)大聲閱讀來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。by doing sth.通過(guò)做某事,by后加動(dòng)名詞。
二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1. reading 2. repaired 3. smiling 4. opening 5. asking 6. waiting 7. watering
8. seeing 9. reading 10. think 11. stop 12. finished 13.to travel 14.to plan
15.to catch up with
三、1.smoking 2.hit 3.looking 4.to be punished 5.to catch 6.apologize 7.fined 8.to remain 9.mopping 10. to mind
四、1—5BABBA 6—10ABDAA
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