英語語法專項訓練連詞-試卷下載-教習網

一．概述：
連詞是連接字、短語、從句與句子的詞，是虛詞，因此它不能獨立擔任句子成分。連詞主要分為兩大類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來連接并列關系的詞、詞組或分句。它包括：and，or，but，so，for，both…and，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also。從屬連詞用來引導從句，它包括： that， when， till， until， after， before， since，because，if，whether，though，although，so…that，so that，in order that，as soon as?
二、并列連詞的用法
并列連詞用來連接具有并列關系的詞，短語或句子。常見的并列連詞有：
(1)表并列關系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor as well as 等。
(2)表選擇關系的or, either…or等。
(3)表轉折關系的but, while yet等。
(4)表因果關系的for, so等。
一）并列連詞
1 and：和，并且 I like basketball， football and table-tennis.
1)and表示“和”、“而且”的意思，用來連接對等關系的字和字，片語與片語，句子與句子。單詞或詞組如果是三個以上連接，一般在最后的單詞或詞組前加and。另外“and”在譯成中文時不一定要翻譯出“和”來。
He got up and put on his hat.
I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Beihai Park.
2）.and在祈使句中的作用句型：祈使句，? and…=If you…， you'll…
Use your head，and you'll find a way.動動腦筋，你就會想出辦法來。
=If you use your head，you'll find a way.如果你動動腦子，你就會想出辦法。
Hurry up，and you'll catch the bus.快點，你就會趕上公共汽車。
=If you hurry up，you'll catch the bus.如果你快點，你就會趕上公共汽車。
2.both…and：和，既……也……構成的詞組作為主語時，謂語動詞用復數。句型中，and連接的詞或詞組要對等
He can play both the violin and the piano.他既會拉小提琴，又會彈鋼琴。
Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.（Li Ming和Li Li都是人，所以兩者對等）
both…and的否定句表示部分否定。
He can't play both the violin and the piano.他會拉小提琴或者會彈鋼琴。（不全會）
Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.
李明和李莉不都是好學生。（其中一個是好學生）
3.neither…nor既不……也不……
a.當此詞組擔任主語時，謂語動詞由nor后面的詞而定。
Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不對。
b.此句型本身是全否定，因此不能再用否定式，即不能再加not。
4. not only… but also：不但……而且擔任主語時，此句型的謂語動詞隨 but also后面的部分而定not only…but also連接對等的詞或詞組。該句型可以和“as well as”互換，但注意漢語翻譯。
（1）Not only you but also your father is coming.不但你，而且你父親也要來。
（2）Jane is? not only beautiful? but also kind. 珍妮不但漂亮，而且為人很好。
Your father as well as you is coming.不但你，而且你父親也要來。
?注意：?not?only…?but?also?關聯(lián)兩個分句時，一個分句因有否定詞not?而必須倒裝。????Not?only?does?he?like?reading?stories,?but?also?he?can?even?write?some.?
as well as的句子謂語動詞隨它前面的詞“Your father”而定，所以用is coming.
Jane is kind as well as beautiful.
二）選擇連詞
1. or：或，或者，否則
Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai.
李明是北京人還是上海人呢？
1）or表示“～或”的意思，使用于兩者之中選擇一個的時候。
Would you like coffee or tea？你喜歡咖啡還是茶？
Tom or I am right.我或者湯姆是對的。
Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room.李明或者是他的同班同學在打掃房間
注意
“A or B”作主語時，謂語動詞隨or后面的詞（B）而定，因此例子中的謂語動詞服從I，用am。
2.）句型：祈使句， or…=If you don't…， you'll…
同and一樣，or在祈使句中的用法，譯成“請…，否則…”，有轉折的意思。
Hurry up，or you'll miss the bus.快點吧，否則你就會誤了公共汽車。
=If you don't hurry up，you'll miss the bus.如果你不快點，你就會誤了這班車。
Study hard，or you'll fail in the exam.好好學吧，否則你考試就會不及格。
=If you don't study hard，you'll fail in the exam.
如果你不努力學習，你考試就會不及格。
注意
or疑問句的讀法or前面的部分用升調，后面的部分用降調。
2..either…or：或……或……；不是……就是……
a.《either…or…》構成的詞組作為主語時，謂語動詞隨其鄰近的詞，即or后面的詞而定。
Either you or he is right.不是你，就是他是對的。
b.此句型的否定句是全否定。
Either you or he isn't right.你和他都不對。
I don't want to visit either Tianjing orShanghai.天津和上海我都不想參觀。
三）轉折連詞
1 but：但是，可是，而
but所連接的句子，句中如果某些成分與前面相同，則可以省略。
He is old， but he looks very young.他老了，但他看起來很年輕。
Li Li likes violin but doesn't like piano.李莉喜歡小提琴，（但是）不喜歡鋼琴。
（but 后面省略了主語Li Li，因為與前面的主語成分相同）
Mary likes violin， but Tom doesn't.
瑪麗喜歡小提琴，而湯姆不喜歡。
（doesn't后面省略了like violin，因為與前面的成分相同）
He isn't a teacher but a doctor.
他不是（一個）老師，而是醫(yī)生。
They came here not for money but for the life.
他們到這兒來，不是要錢，而是要命。
2while “而，然而”，表對比。
Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
有些人很費糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。
.The son was having a good meal at home，while the parents were working in the fields. 兒子在家吃好飯而父母卻在田里辛勤勞作。
3.yet用作連詞時，與but一樣也主要用于轉折，意為“但是”“而”：
I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失敗了，但我還要嘗試。
有時用在句首。Yet the house was cheerful. 但屋子里顯得很歡快。
Yet its population has doubled. 但它的人口翻了一番。
■yet有時可與并列連詞and或but連用，構成習語and yet和but yet，且兩者大致同義(均相當于表轉折的but)：
I gave him ten pounds (and) yet he was not satisfied. 我給了他十鎊但他仍不滿足。
She’s vain and foolish, and yet people like her. 她很虛榮愚蠢，但人們卻喜歡她。
She drove very fast to the airport, but [yet, and yet, but yet] she missed the plane. 她開快車去機場，可還是誤了飛機。
■although不能與表示轉折的but連用，但是卻可以與yet連用。如：
Although we have made some progress, yet we still have a long way to go. 我們雖然取得了些進步，但還是遠遠不夠的。
四）因果連詞
1.so：所以，因此，于是
My teacher asked me to go， so I went.
我們老師讓我去，因此我就去了。
so除了作連詞外，也可以作副詞。
I hope you can pass the exam.我希望你能通過考試。
I hope so.我也希望。 Don't walk so fast.別走得太快。
2.for：因為
I soon went to sleep， for I was tired.
我很快就入睡了，因為我太累了。
The sun has risen，for the birds are singing.
太陽升起來了，小鳥在唱歌。
for和because for也可譯為“因為”，但是它沒有什么因果關系，不像because那樣，而for只是說明解釋而已。for表示結果通常不能放句首，也不能單獨使用。
二．從屬連詞
常見的從屬連詞有：
(1)引導時間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。
(2)引導條件狀語從句的if, unless等。
(3)引導原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。
(4)引導目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。
(5)引導讓步狀語從句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引導結果狀語從句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引導比較狀語從句的than, as…as等。
(8)引導名詞從句的that, if , whether等。
1.?引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞
(1)?表示“當…時候”或“每當”的時間連詞。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如：
Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃飯時不要說話。
Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鮮時最好吃。
He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走時他來了。
(2)?表示“在…之前(或之后)”的時間連詞。主要的有before, after。如：
Try to finish your work before you leave. 離開前設法把工作做完。
After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我們將坐在草地上。
(3)?表示“自從”或“直到”的時間連詞。主要的有since, until, till。如：
She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她從八歲起就打網球了。
Hold on until I fetch help. 堅持一下，等我找人來幫忙。
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (諺)不要無事惹事。
(4)?表示“一…就”的時間連詞。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如：
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。
The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。
I came immediately I heard the news. 我一聽到這個消息，馬上就來了。
Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦開始, 便不可停下來。
(5)?表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時間連詞。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(隨時)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：
I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him.
我下一次見到他時，我就把這個情況告訴他。
We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands.
每當我們洗手的時候，我們都要損失一些皮膚細胞。
You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時都可以給我打電話。
注意：A.every time, each time, any time前不用冠詞，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠詞可以省略，而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。
B.when， while， till， until， since， after， before， as soon as等是連接時間狀語從句的連詞。在時間狀語從句中要特別注意時態(tài)的搭配：當主句是將來時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
C.while所引導的從句的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)性的，不能用點動詞。（如begin，stop…）
When I arrived there， it was raining.當我到那兒時，天正在下雨。
I entered the room while（when） Li Ming was talking with her.
我進屋時，李明正在和她談話。
I didn't go to sleep until（till）I finished my homework.
直到我做完作業(yè)，我才上床睡覺。
We won't work until（till） our teacher teaches us how to do it.
老師教給我們如何做這工作之后，我們才會開始做。
He came to China after the war was over.
比較
連詞連接從句不同，意思不同。
He had been in China before the war was over.戰(zhàn)爭結束前，他已經在中國了。
=The war was over before he came to China.
=The war had been over before he came to China.
戰(zhàn)爭結束后，他來到中國。
I have learned more than two thousand English words since I began learning English two years ago.
自從兩年前我開始學習英語以來，我已經學習了兩千多個英語單詞了。
注意
D.since引導的是一個過去時的句子，說明自當時以來到現(xiàn)在（自從兩年前以來），主句一般要用現(xiàn)在完成時。
As soon as I get enough money，I'll buy it.我一得到足夠的錢，就買它。
2.?引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如：
Do you mind if I open the window?我開窗你不介意吧?
Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話，否則你別來。
As long as you’re happy，it doesn’t matter what you do.
只要你高興，你做什么都沒關系。
In case it rains they will stay at home. 萬一下雨，他們就呆在家里。
注意：在條件狀語從句中，通常從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)主句用一般將來時態(tài)。
3.?引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：
He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每個人都能聽見。
Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 帶上雨傘，以防下雨。
She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.
她把那些指示慢慢重復了一遍好讓他聽明白。
4.?引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。
I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.
我去聽演講去得很早, 所以找個好座位。
I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over.
我摔了許多跤，以致于全身都是青一塊紫一塊的。
He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
他關窗子用力很大, 結果
so…that：太……以致……
He is so old that he can't work. = He is too old to work.他太老了，不能工作。
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
=The box is too heavy for me to lift. 箱子太沉了，我抬不起來。
The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her.
這個小女孩太漂亮了，每個人都喜歡她。
注意此句型與too…to的互換。
so…that在肯定句中不能轉換成too…to…。
5.?引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。
He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因為我是新來的。
As you are sorry，I’ll forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原諒你。
Since we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我們沒錢，我們無法購買它。
Seeing that he’s ill he’s unlikely to come. 因為他病了，他大概不會來了。
Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已經道了歉, 我也就滿意了。
She didn't go there，because she was ill.因為她病了，所以她沒去那兒。
回答Why問句時，只能用because，不能用for或 as.
Why are you late？你為什么遲到？
Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.因為在我來這兒的路上，遇到了車禍。漢語中，我們經常說因為……所以，但在英文中有了because，就不能再用so。
（×）Because he was tired， so he couldn't walk there.
因為他累了，所以他不能走到那兒了。：
6.?引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如：
Although they are twins, they look entirely different.
他們雖是孿生, 但是相貌卻完全不同。
I like her even though she can be annoying. 盡管她有時很惱人, 但我還是喜歡她。
You won’t move that stone, however strong you are.
不管你力氣多大, 也休想搬動那塊石頭。
Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support.
我們取得的一切成就都歸功于你們的支持。
Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰，你都不能從這里通過。
Whene4 if，though （although）
If it doesn't rain，we'll go to the park.
如果不下雨，我們就去公園。
Though I was tired， I still worked hard.
雖然我很累，可是我仍然努力地工作。
如果用了though，although （雖然）就不能再用but（但是）。
Although（Though） I live near the sea， I'm not a good swimmer.
=I live near the sea，but I'm not a good swimmer.
雖然我住在海邊，可是我游泳并不好。
注意
注意時態(tài)一致，和時間狀語從句一樣。主句是將來時之時，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
7.?引導方式狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如：
Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to?
你怎么不聽我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢?
He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber.
他將鐵棍折彎，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。
Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 沒有人像我這樣愛你。
8.?引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如：
The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.
這座教堂蓋在一座羅馬寺廟的舊址。
I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。
Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。
9.?引導比較狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和as…as。如：
She was now happier than she had ever been. 現(xiàn)在她比過去任何時候都快活。
I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，時間比我想像的早。
He doesn’t work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那樣努力。
10.?引起名詞從句的從屬連詞。主要有that, whether, if 等，它們用于引導主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。其中that 不僅沒不充當句子成分，而且沒有詞義，在句子中只起連接作用；而 if, whether 雖不充當句子成分，但有詞義，即表示“是否”。如：
He replied that he was going by train. 他回答說他將坐火車去。
I wonder if it’s large enough. 我不知道它是否夠大。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我為是否傷了她的感情而擔心。
1） that
I? think（that） he likes football.我想他喜歡足球。
that引導名詞性從句（主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句）和定語從句，
1）.that在賓語從句、間接引語中可以省略，主句與從句時態(tài)一致。
I think（that） he is tired.我想他累了。
I thought（that） he was tired.
要特別注意主句與從句時態(tài)的呼應。如果主句是過去時，從句一律改為過去的時態(tài)，
2）.如果主句的動詞是 think， believe…；如果主句的主語是第一人稱，變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r，要否定主句，譯成中文時，則否定從句。
I believe you will leave here.我相信，你會離開這兒的。
I don't believe you will leave here.我相信，你不會離開這兒的。
必背！
I hope that～我希望～ I think that～我認為～ I say that～我說～
I know that～我知道～ I find that～我發(fā)現(xiàn)～ be afraid that～恐怕～
be sure that～確認～ be glad（happy） that～很高興～
（以上的that都可以省略）
2.if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”講，在引導賓與從句是一般可互換。例如：
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
只用whether
??1) 引導主語從句時。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.?
2) 引導表語從句時。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3) 在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
四連詞比較
I　and 與or
1) 并列結構中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2) 但有時and 也可用于否定句。請注意其不同特點：
　There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列結構用or 連接，但含有兩個否定詞的句子實際被看作是肯定結構，因此要用and。
---I don't like chicken or fish.　　---I don't like chicken, but I like fish very much.
(錯) We will die without air and water. (錯) We can't live without air or water.
(對) We will die without air or water. (對) We can't live without air and water.
3 )表示選擇的并列結構
　(1) or　意思為"否則"。I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.
　(2) either…or　意思為"或者……或者……"。注意謂語動詞采用就近原則。
Either you or I am right.
注意：and 還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。（or也有此用法）
Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance.
One more effort, and you'll succeed. = If you make one more effort, you'll succeed.
II　 but，while
but表示轉折，while表示對比。
　Some people love cats, while others hate them.
　　典型例題　
　　--- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?　　
　　--- I'd like to, but I'm too busy.
III?? so, therefore
　　He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game.
注意
a. 兩個并列連詞不能連用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列連詞連用。
　　　You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.
　　　He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldn't play in the game.
　　b. although… yet…，但although不與 but連用。
　　(錯)　Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
　　(對)　Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.
Ⅵ.比較so和 such??
其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many，few，much， little連用，形成固定搭配。
　　so + adj.　　　　　　　　　 such + a(n) + n.
　　so + adj. + a(n) + n.　　　 such + adj. + n. (pl.)　　　　
so +many/much/few/lille +n such + adj. + n. [不可數]　　　　
so foolish　　　　　　　　 such a fool　
　　so nice a flower　　　　　 such a nice flower
　　so many/ few flowers　　　 such nice flowers
　　so much/little money.　　　such rapid progress　
so many people　　　　　　 such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于 many，但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。
so…that與such…that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。
注意:too .... to ..? ,so ..... that .... , such .... that .... , enough ..... to ...., 的互換．
　　so? that? to =? in? order? to /that 的用法．
　　Eg A .He is too? young? to? go? to school.
　　?? B .He? is such a young? boy that he can't go? to school .
　　?? C .He? is so young? that he can't go to school .
　　?? D .He isn't old?enough? to go to school???
易錯分析：
①關于not…until
　He stayed there until it was very late.句中，stay是可延續(xù)性動詞，所以不用not。
　He didn't leave until it was very late.句中，leave是不可延續(xù)性動詞，所以用not
②both …and ,either…or ,neither …nor 這三個句型的相互關系如下：
1．肯定句：I like both A and? B．我喜歡A和B。
I like both coffee and tea.
我喜歡咖啡和茶。（茶和咖啡我都喜歡）
2．否定句：I don't like both A and B. =I like either A or B.
我不喜歡A 或B。
I like either coffee or tea .
咖啡和茶，我喜歡一樣兒。
=I don't like both coffee and tea .
3．I don't like either A or B .=I like neither A nor B.
A和B 我都不喜歡。
咖啡和茶，我都不喜歡。
I like neither coffee nor tea .
I don't like either coffee or tea .
③or還是and
　　祈使句＋or＋陳述句前后是對立的
　　祈使句＋and＋陳述句前后是統(tǒng)一的
　　(or或and后的陳述句，常用一般將來時)
　　Study hard, or you won't pass the exam.
　　Study hard, and you will pass the exam.
　　兩句都可以轉換成“If條件句＋主句”形式，注意：要去掉or和and：
　　If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam.
　　If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
④because, since, as, for表示原因時的區(qū)別
　　盡管because, for, since, as都表示原因，但是用法上有不同.
　　because通常表示說話人認為這種理由或者原因是聽話人所不知道的.
He didn't attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.
　　since表示的原因是人們已知的事實，常譯作“既然”。
　　Since he can't answer this question, you'd better ask someone else.
　　as表示原因與since差別不大，只是語氣更弱,多譯為“由于”
　　As I haven't seen the film, I can't tell you what I think of it.
　　for表示因果關系時，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首。而且經常是對主句補充說明理由或推斷原因。
　　It rained last night, for the ground is wet.
⑤ as, when, while
這三個連詞都可引導時間狀語從句，但用法有所不同。
1) 當某事正在進行的時候，又發(fā)生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用來引導表示“背景”的時間狀語從句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
2) 當兩個長動作同時進行的時候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3) 當兩個動作都表示發(fā)展變化的情況時，最常用的是as。例如：
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
4) 當兩個短動作同時發(fā)生時，或表示“一邊…一邊…”時，最常用as。例如：
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
She looked behind from time to time as she went
5) 當從句的動作先于主句的動作時，通常用when。例如：
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
6) 當從句是瞬間動作，主句是延續(xù)性動作時，通常用when。例如：
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.