專(zhuān)題13 閱讀理解議論文-【真題匯編】最近5年（20-24）高考英語(yǔ)真題分類(lèi)匯編（全國(guó)通用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

一、高考真題匯編的意義。1、增強(qiáng)高考考生的復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)力和信心；2、提高高考考生的復(fù)習(xí)效率；3、加深考生對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的理解和掌握。
二、高考真題匯編的內(nèi)容。1、高考試題收錄，涵蓋了考試的各個(gè)學(xué)科；2、答案解析，加深知識(shí)點(diǎn)理解和掌握；3、復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)，提高復(fù)習(xí)效率。
三、高考真題匯編的重要性。高考真題匯編不僅可以提高考生的復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)力和信心，增強(qiáng)考生的復(fù)習(xí)效率，為高考復(fù)習(xí)提供了有力的支持。
最近5年（20-24年）高考英語(yǔ)真題匯編
專(zhuān)題13 閱讀理解議論文
考點(diǎn)1 人與自我型議論文
【2021新課標(biāo)I卷】
Ppularizatin has in sme cases changed the riginal meaning f emtinal (情感的) intelligence. Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn’s makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and “peple skills.” Research has shwn that emtinal skills may cntribute t sme f these qualities, but mst f them mve far beynd skill-based emtinal intelligence.
We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses. The ability t accurately understand hw thers are feeling may be used by a dctr t find hw best t help her patients, while a cheater might use it t cntrl ptential victims. Being emtinally intelligent des nt necessarily make ne a mral persn.
Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (視角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
32. What is a cmmn misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps t exercise a persn's mind.
C. It includes a set f emtinal skills.
D. It refers t a persn’s psitive qualities.
33. Why des the authr mentin “dctr” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. T explain a rule.
B. T clarify a cncept.
C. T present a fact.
D. T make a predictin.
34. What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
35. What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?
A. Its appeal t the public.
B. Expectatins fr future studies.
C. Its practical applicatin.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】322-35 DBAB
【導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了什么是情商以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢(shì)，并表達(dá)了作者自己的觀點(diǎn)，同時(shí)提出了對(duì)情商研究的未來(lái)期望。
32. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn’s makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and ‘peple skills’.”可知，許多人誤把情商理解為一個(gè)人的性格中無(wú)法被智商測(cè)試所衡量的幾乎可取的一切，也就是指一個(gè)人的積極的品質(zhì)。
33. B。推理判斷題。第二段首句“We prefer t describe emtinal intelligence as a specific set f skills that can be used fr either gd r bad purpses.”是介紹情商的概念。由此推斷出提到的“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”是對(duì)這一概念的解釋。
34. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence”可定位到第三段。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful.”可知，作者認(rèn)為情商普及利大于弊。又根據(jù)“The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin...”和“The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped...”可知，作者對(duì)于情商普及是贊成的。
35. B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin.”可知，雖然情商的持續(xù)流行吸引力是可取的，但我們希望這種關(guān)注能引起人們對(duì)情感的科學(xué)研究和學(xué)術(shù)研究的更大的興趣。又根據(jù)下文的“It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (視角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives.”可知，我們希望在未來(lái)的數(shù)十年后，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步提供新的視角來(lái)研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾硭麄兊纳?。由此可知，這些是對(duì)未來(lái)研究的期望。
【2021全國(guó)甲卷】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender (性別) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
12. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair.
B. They're cnservative.
C. They're bjective.
D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike
B. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and Intelligence
D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12-15 ADAB
【導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇議論文。文章由問(wèn)題“誰(shuí)是天才？”引入，論述了世人對(duì)天才的狹隘定義，提出事實(shí)上“天才”有很多種形式，不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。
12. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“It is said that histry is written by victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club-wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief-they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.( 據(jù)說(shuō)歷史是由勝利者書(shū)寫(xiě)的，而那些勝利者為進(jìn)入天才俱樂(lè)部設(shè)定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)俱樂(lè)部以外的天才——女性或不同膚色或信仰的人——做出貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，他們不會(huì)被承認(rèn)并且被其他人拒絕)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為那些“勝利者”對(duì)進(jìn)入“天才俱樂(lè)部”設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不公平的，因?yàn)榕曰蛘卟煌w色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承認(rèn)的。
13. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩們是按照這個(gè)信念行事的。六歲左右，她們開(kāi)始避免那些據(jù)說(shuō)是“非常非常聰明”的孩子參加的活動(dòng))”可推知，女孩容易受到社會(huì)信仰的影響，認(rèn)為自己在六歲左右就不適合做“聰明孩子”做的事情。
14. A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear.( 在一個(gè)全球通訊不斷的有線(xiàn)世界里，我們隨時(shí)隨地都能看到天才的閃現(xiàn))”可知，進(jìn)步的全球通訊讓更多的天才被公眾所知道。
15. B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問(wèn)題“Wh is a genius?（誰(shuí)是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所說(shuō)，未來(lái)的天才來(lái)自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和那些能夠改變世界的簡(jiǎn)單天才?！?”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知B項(xiàng)“天才有多種形式”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。
【2021天津卷】
There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （視角）int specific fields f expertise （專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)）.The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
51. T becme a specialist, ne may have t_____.
A. narrw his range f knwledge
B. avid respnsibilities at wrk
C. knw mre abut the sciety
D. braden his perspective n life
52. The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t______.
A. treasure their freedm
B. travel arund the wrld
C. spend mst time wrking
D. enjy meeting funny peple
53. Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh_____.
A. is fully aware f his talent and ability
B. is a pure specialist in medicine
C. shuld lve petry and philsphy
D. brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
54. What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A. Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B. In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C. Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D. Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
55. What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B. Specialist r Generalist: Hard t Decide
C. Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D. Ways t Becme a Generalist
【答案】51. A 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A
【分析】本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個(gè)多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專(zhuān)家。
51.推理判斷題。文章第二段中提到“This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less.（成為專(zhuān)家需要對(duì)特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專(zhuān)家的缺點(diǎn)是我們常常對(duì)越來(lái)越少的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域了解得越來(lái)越多。）”根據(jù)“knw … abut less and less”可知，要成為一名專(zhuān)家，了解到的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域會(huì)越來(lái)越少，會(huì)縮小他的知識(shí)范圍。故選A。
52.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中提到“Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. …These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作?！?這些專(zhuān)家可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點(diǎn)。)”由此可知，這些專(zhuān)家往往花大部分的時(shí)間在工作上。故選C。
53.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills. (這位既是詩(shī)人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)帶到工作中。故選D。
54.推理判斷題。文章第五段中提到“Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are.（事物之間是有聯(lián)系的。讓你在一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來(lái)沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)系的。）”；下文舉出Tni的例子“My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy.（我的編輯Tni也是一位作家，她編輯過(guò)幾本歷史書(shū)。她已決定學(xué)習(xí)中國(guó)歷史。作為一名畫(huà)家，她癡迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同時(shí)也對(duì)更多地了解中國(guó)哲學(xué)感興趣。）”由此可以推斷，作者想通過(guò)Tni的例子說(shuō)明看似不相關(guān)的興趣，如果深入探索的話(huà)，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。
55.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一個(gè)專(zhuān)家，也應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個(gè)通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. ”說(shuō)明成為專(zhuān)家的不足之處是我們常常對(duì)越來(lái)越少的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域了解得越來(lái)越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins.”說(shuō)明當(dāng)通才的優(yōu)點(diǎn)往往對(duì)廣泛的學(xué)科了解得很多，并從整體上來(lái)看其中的所有的聯(lián)系。作者的觀點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個(gè)通才。因此文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一個(gè)通才，而不是專(zhuān)家）”。故選A。
【2019天津卷】
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man? He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining, and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives, he determines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes, and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉訶德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days, while thers g t seed lng befre?
We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
Mst f us, in fact, prgressively narrw the variety f ur lives. We succeed in ur field f specializatin and then becme trapped in it. Nthing surprises us. We lse ur sense f wnder. But, if we are willing t learn, the pprtunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldm invlve infrmatin and skills. We learn t bear with the things we can’t change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please, sme peple are never ging t lve us—an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high mtivatin and enthusiasm, we can keep n learning. Then we will knw hw imprtant it is t have meaning in ur life. Hwever, we can achieve meaning nly if we have made a cmmitment t smething larger than ur wn little egs(自我), whether t lved nes, t fellw humans, t wrk, r t sme mral cncept.
Many f us equate(視……等同于) “cmmitment” with such “caring” ccupatins as teaching and nursing. But ding any rdinary jb as well as ne can is in itself an admirable cmmitment. Peple wh wrk tward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck, r running a stre—make the wrld better just by being the kind f peple they are. They’ve learned life’s mst valuable lessn.
51. The passage starts with the stry f Cervantes t shw that ________.
A. lss f freedm stimulates ne’s creativity
B. age is nt a barrier t achieving ne’s gal
C. misery inspires a man t fight against his fate
D. disability cannt stp a man’s pursuit f success
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. End ne’s struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
53. What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 4？
A. Thse wh dare t try ften get themselves trapped.
B. Thse wh tend t think back can hardly g ahead.
C. Opprtunity favrs thse with a curius mind.
D. Opprtunity awaits thse with a cautius mind.
54. What des the authr intend t tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tugh man can tlerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live withut self-pity.
C. A man shuld try t satisfy peple arund him.
D. A man shuld learn suitable ways t deal with life.
55. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage？
A. T prvide guidance n leading a meaningful adult life.
B. T stress the need f shuldering respnsibilities at wrk.
C. T state the imprtance f generating mtivatin fr learning.
D. T suggest a way f pursuing excellence in ur lifelng career.
【答案】51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A
【解析】
這是一篇議論文，本文講述要成功，就需要不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，這樣的生活才會(huì)有意義。
51.推理判斷題。第一段講述塞萬(wàn)提斯一生不幸，負(fù)債累累，因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng)受傷左手殘疾，同時(shí)還身陷囹圄，在53歲的時(shí)候決定寫(xiě)書(shū)，最終寫(xiě)出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根據(jù)后文可知，所有的困境都沒(méi)有阻擋他的成功，年齡也是如此，故選B。
52.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.可知，作者談?wù)摰牟皇悄切](méi)有到達(dá)巔峰的人，而是談?wù)撃切┎辉賹W(xué)習(xí)成長(zhǎng)的人，故可知run ut f steam可知，停止學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。
53.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中But, if we are willing t learn, the pprtunities are everywhere.可知，我們失去了好奇感，但是如果我們?cè)敢鈱W(xué)習(xí)，機(jī)會(huì)無(wú)處不在，故可知機(jī)會(huì)總是留給那些有好奇心的人，故選C。
54.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段We learn t bear with the things we can’t change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please, sme peple are never ging t lve us—an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我們學(xué)會(huì)承受那些無(wú)法改變的事情，學(xué)會(huì)避免自憐，也學(xué)會(huì)了無(wú)論我們?cè)趺慈ト倓e人，有些人是無(wú)法喜歡我們的，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)起初讓我們苦惱，但是之后會(huì)讓我們釋?xiě)?，故可知本段作者告訴我們要學(xué)會(huì)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹?lái)對(duì)待生活，故選D。
55.主旨大意題。本文講述要成功，就需要不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，這樣的生活才會(huì)有意義，故本文作者的目的是為了指導(dǎo)我們過(guò)一個(gè)有意義的成年人生活，故選A。
考點(diǎn)2人與社會(huì)型議論文
【2024新課標(biāo)I卷】
Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n.” The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – t nes that require mental abstractin – such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假說(shuō)).” Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音頻) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies – say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
28. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
29. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.
D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
30. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students’ attentin.
B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.
D. They are mre infrmative than text.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是議論文。主要討論了紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和效果。
28.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding.(當(dāng)閱讀幾百字或更多的文本時(shí)，在紙上學(xué)習(xí)通常比在屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)更成功。大量的研究證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，在紙上學(xué)習(xí)更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.(當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)人員從提出簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)(如識(shí)別閱讀文章的主旨)轉(zhuǎn)移到需要思維抽象的任務(wù)(如從文本中推斷)時(shí))”推知，此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)“當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)者從簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要精神抽象的任務(wù)時(shí)，紙質(zhì)閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見(jiàn)”之意，所以shine thrugh應(yīng)是“顯而易見(jiàn)”之意，和D項(xiàng)意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。
29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假說(shuō))”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.(但同樣重要的是精神層面。閱讀研究人員提出了一個(gè)名為“shallwing hypthesis”的理論。根據(jù)這一理論，人們以適合社交媒體的心態(tài)接觸數(shù)字文本，這些文本通常不那么嚴(yán)肅，與閱讀印刷品時(shí)相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallwing hypthesis假設(shè)讀者在閱讀數(shù)字文本時(shí)會(huì)持有一種輕松的心態(tài)，不會(huì)像閱讀紙質(zhì)書(shū)籍那樣投入太多的心理努力。故選A項(xiàng)。
30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Audi (音頻) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.(音頻和視頻可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大學(xué)教師越來(lái)越多地轉(zhuǎn)向這些技術(shù)，例如分配在線(xiàn)講座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音頻和視頻比文本更能吸引學(xué)生的注意力，所以大學(xué)教師越來(lái)越多地使用這些技術(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)。
31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.(數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中無(wú)法獲得的資源時(shí)。然而，為了在需要精神集中和反思的情況下最大限度地學(xué)習(xí)，教育工作者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的，即使它們包含相同的單詞)”可知，盡管數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻在教育中有一定作用，但當(dāng)需要精神集中和反思以最大化學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，教育者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的，即使它們包含相同的單詞。這表明作者認(rèn)為紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。
【2024全國(guó)甲卷】
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse, I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (懸疑小說(shuō)). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—bu it might prvide what yu need t get there.
32. Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A. T discuss a nvel.B. T submit a bk reprt.
C. T argue fr a writer.D. T ask fr a reading list.
33. What did the authr realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B. Readers are ften carried away by character.
C. Each type f literature has its unique end.
D. A stry which begins well will end well.
34. What is expected f a gd ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste.B. It fits with the stry develpment.
C. It is usually psitive.D. It is pen fr imaginatin.
35. Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A. T give examples f great nvelists.B. T stress the theme f this issue.
C. T encurage writing fr the magazine.D. T recmmend their new bks.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章首先通過(guò)作者與教授關(guān)于小說(shuō)結(jié)局的討論引發(fā)了對(duì)結(jié)局的思考，接著闡述了不同類(lèi)型的文學(xué)作品結(jié)局的特點(diǎn)，最后提出了寫(xiě)作好的結(jié)局的重要性并介紹了《Writer’s Digest》雜志如何幫助作家寫(xiě)出更好的結(jié)尾。
32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt.( “我不喜歡這個(gè)結(jié)局，”我對(duì)我最喜歡的大學(xué)教授說(shuō)。那是我大三的時(shí)候，我正在做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于維多利亞文學(xué)的獨(dú)立研究。我剛剛讀完喬治?艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，讀到結(jié)尾我很傷心。格雷西教授耐心地讓我考慮一下，不要只看我喜不喜歡)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是為了討論小說(shuō)。故選A項(xiàng)。
33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (懸疑小說(shuō)). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.( 這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)頓悟的時(shí)刻，我再也沒(méi)有想過(guò)同樣的結(jié)局。從那時(shí)起，如果我想讀一個(gè)保證幸福的結(jié)局，我就會(huì)選一部愛(ài)情小說(shuō)。如果我想要一個(gè)我猜不到的結(jié)局，我會(huì)選一本神秘小說(shuō)。一種是我知道會(huì)發(fā)生什么，歷史小說(shuō)。選擇讀什么變得更容易了)”可知，見(jiàn)過(guò)格雷西教授后，作者意識(shí)到了每種類(lèi)型的文學(xué)都有其獨(dú)特的結(jié)局。故選C項(xiàng)。
34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.(但是寫(xiě)出結(jié)局——那很難。對(duì)作家來(lái)說(shuō)很難，因?yàn)榻Y(jié)局對(duì)讀者來(lái)說(shuō)意義重大。你必須平衡創(chuàng)造一個(gè)不可預(yù)測(cè)的結(jié)局，但這個(gè)結(jié)局又不能顯得憑空而來(lái)，要適合角色的設(shè)定)”可知，人們對(duì)一個(gè)好結(jié)局的期望是結(jié)局又不能顯得憑空而來(lái)，要適合角色的設(shè)定，也就是符合故事的發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。
35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.( 這就是為什么這期《Writer’s Digest》旨在幫助你找出如何為你正在寫(xiě)的任何類(lèi)型的作品寫(xiě)出最好的結(jié)局。如果是短篇小說(shuō)，彼得?蒙特福德分解了六種技巧，你可以嘗試看看哪一種能幫助你完美著陸。伊麗莎白?西姆斯分析了五部偉大小說(shuō)的最后幾章，看看它們包含了哪些關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，以及你如何將它們應(yīng)用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得?蒙福德和伊麗莎白?西姆斯是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這期《Writer’s Digest》的主題，即幫助讀者寫(xiě)出更好的結(jié)尾。故選B項(xiàng)。
【2023全國(guó)乙卷】
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
35. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了僅僅依靠書(shū)面文本來(lái)講述世界歷史的局限性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無(wú)文字社會(huì)的重要性。
32.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. (如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一段不以人類(lèi)某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過(guò)文本來(lái)講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩嗽?jīng)有過(guò)文本，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒(méi)有。寫(xiě)作是人類(lèi)較晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至許多有文字的社會(huì)也不僅用文字，而且用物件來(lái)記錄他們所關(guān)心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何呈現(xiàn)給我們。故選A。
33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段首句“Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情況下，歷史應(yīng)該將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起，本書(shū)的某些章節(jié)能夠做到這一點(diǎn)，但在許多情況下，我們根本做不到。)”可推斷，作者認(rèn)為歷史應(yīng)該是文本和物品相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，但是很多情況下，我們做不到。再根據(jù)所舉例子的下文“Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. (在英國(guó)方面，我們有科學(xué)報(bào)告和船長(zhǎng)對(duì)那可怕的一天的記錄。從澳大利亞方面來(lái)看，我們只有一個(gè)木制盾牌，這是一名男子在第一次經(jīng)歷槍擊后在飛行中扔下的。)”可知，作者舉這個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明船長(zhǎng)的記錄是片面的，只從自己的角度描述了問(wèn)題。故選D。
34.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)單詞上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (聯(lián)系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰諾人、澳大利亞的土著人、貝寧的非洲人以及印加人，所有這些人都出現(xiàn)在這本書(shū)中，他們現(xiàn)在都可以通過(guò)他們制造的物品向我們講述他們過(guò)去最強(qiáng)大的成就：通過(guò)物品講述的歷史給了他們一個(gè)聲音。當(dāng)我們考慮諸如此類(lèi)的有文化社會(huì)和無(wú)文化社會(huì)之間的接觸時(shí)，我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的，只有對(duì)話(huà)的一半。)”結(jié)合劃線(xiàn)句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我們要找到對(duì)話(huà)的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，我們對(duì)過(guò)去歷史的了解，只是書(shū)寫(xiě)歷史的人所想要讓我們了解的歷史，如果我們想要了解歷史的另一半，我們不僅僅要讀文本也要讀對(duì)象。所以cnversatin指的是“歷史”。故選B。
35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt.(如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一段不以人類(lèi)某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過(guò)文本來(lái)講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩说臍v史曾經(jīng)被文字記錄過(guò)，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒(méi)有。)”結(jié)合最后一段的“ If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我們要找到對(duì)話(huà)的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書(shū)面文本來(lái)講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了解歷史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C。
【2022北京卷】
Quantum (量子) cmputers have been n my mind a lt lately. A friend has been sending me articles n hw quantum cmputers might help slve sme f the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve als had exchanges with tw quantum-cmputing experts. One is cmputer scientist Chris Jhnsn wh I see as smene wh helps keep the field hnest. The ther is physicist Philip Taylr.
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype (炒作) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
After I read the bk, Taylr patiently answered my questins abut it. He als answered my questins abut PyQuantum, the firm he c-funded in 2016. Taylr shares Jhnsn’s cncerns abut hype, but he says thse cncerns d nt apply t PyQuantum.
The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
31. Regarding Jhnsn’s cncerns, the authr feels ________.
A. sympatheticB. uncncernedC. dubtfulD. excited
32. What leads t Taylr’s ptimism abut quantum cmputing?
A. His dminance in physics.
B. The cmpetitin in the field.
C. His cnfidence in PyQuantum.
D. The investment f tech cmpanies.
33. What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Open.B. Cl.C. Useful.D. Resistant.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B. Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C. Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D. Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【答案】31 A32. C33. A34. D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯?約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普?泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。
31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. （隨著量子計(jì)算吸引了更多的關(guān)注和資金，研究人員可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)投資者、記者、公眾，最糟糕的是，他們自己的工作潛力。約翰遜警告說(shuō)，如果研究人員不能兌現(xiàn)承諾，興奮可能會(huì)讓位于懷疑、失望和憤怒）”根據(jù)最后一段“ But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信約翰遜一樣）可知，關(guān)于約翰遜的擔(dān)憂(yōu)，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，贊同的；B. uncncerned不關(guān)心的；C. dubtful懷疑的；D. excited激動(dòng)的。故選A。
32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The cmpany, he says, is clser than any ther firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” t building a “useful” quantum cmputer, ne that “slves an impactful prblem that we wuld nt have been able t slve therwise.” He adds, “Peple will naturally discunt my pinins, but I have spent a lt f time quantitatively cmparing what we are ding with thers.”（他說(shuō)，這家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子計(jì)算機(jī)，它“解決了一個(gè)有影響力的問(wèn)題，否則我們無(wú)法解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題”。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“人們自然會(huì)不相信我的觀點(diǎn)，但我已經(jīng)花了很多時(shí)間來(lái)定量地比較我們與他人的做法）”可知，泰勒對(duì)量子計(jì)算的樂(lè)觀來(lái)源于他對(duì)PyQuantum的信心。故選C。
33.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.”（但約翰遜表明，量子計(jì)算的某些方面使得它特別 prne被炒作，可能是因?yàn)椤傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西。”）”可知，本句中含有一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)椤啊傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prne意為“易于……的”。A. Open.開(kāi)放的；易受損害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故選A。
34.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn.”（現(xiàn)在，大型科技公司和許多小型公司都在量子計(jì)算領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了投資。據(jù)《商業(yè)周刊》報(bào)道，量子機(jī)器可以幫助我們“治愈癌癥，甚至采取措施將氣候變化轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。這種炒作讓約翰遜感到惱火。”）”以及最后一段“Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所說(shuō)的那樣“以巨大的優(yōu)勢(shì)”領(lǐng)先所有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手嗎？我不知道。我當(dāng)然不會(huì)建議我的朋友或其他人投資量子計(jì)算機(jī)。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任約翰遜一樣。）”可知，本文主要論述了“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯?約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普?泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”。故選D。
【2022天津卷】
Ralph Emersn nce said that the purpse f life is nt t be happy, but t be useful, t be lving, t make sme difference in the wrld. While we appreciate such wrds f wisdm, we rarely try t fllw them in ur lives.
Mst peple prefer t live a gd life themselves, ignring their respnsibilities fr the wrld. This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. A gd life based n cmfrt and luxury may eventually lead t mre pain be-cause we spil ur health and even ur character, principles, ideals, and relatinships.
What then, is the secret f a gd life? A gd life is a prcess, nt a state f being : a directin, nt a destinatin. We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness. Mre imprtantly, we must knw urselves inside ut. Only when we examine urselves deeply can we discver ur abilities and recgnize ur limitatins, and then wrk accrdingly t create a better wrld.
The first requirement fr a gd life is having a lving heart. When we d certain right things merely as a duty, we find ur jb s tiresme that we’ll sn burn ut. Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.
Hwever, lve alne is insufficient t lead a gd life. Lve smetimes blinds us t the reality. Cnsequently, ur gd intentins may nt lead t gd results. T achieve desired utcme, thse wh want t d gd t thers als need t equip themselves with accurate wrld knwledge. False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. If lve is the engine f a car knwledge is the steering wheel(方向盤(pán)). If the engine lacks pwer, th car can’t mve; if the driver lses cntrl f the steering, a rad accident prbably ccurs. Only with lve in heart and the right knwledge in mind can we lead a gd life.
With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. When we see the impact f ur gd wrk n the wrld we give meaning t ur life and earn lasting jy and happiness.
51. What effect des the narrw perceptin f a gd life have n us?
A. Making us simple-minded
B. Making us shrt-sighted.
C. Leading us nt a busy rad.
D. Keeping us frm cmfrt and luxury.
52. Accrding t the authr, hw can ne gain true happiness?
A. Thrugh maintaining gd health.
B. By ging thrugh pain and suffering.
C. By recgnizing ne’s abilities and limitatins.
D. Thrugh ffering help much needed by thers.
53. Accrding t Paragraph 4, ding certain right things with a lving heart makes ne________.
A. less selfish
B. less annying
C. mre mtivated
D. mre respnsible
54. In what case may gd intentins fail t lead t desired results?
A. When we have wrng knwledge f the wrld.
B. When ur lve fr the wrld is insufficient.
C. When we are insensitive t dangers in life.
D. When we stay blind t the reality.
55. Accrding t Paragraph 5, life can be made truly gd when ________.
A. inspired by lve and guided by knwledge
B. directed by lve and pushed by knwledge
C. purified by lve and enriched by knwledge
D. prmted by lve and defined by knwledge
【答案】51B52. D53. C54. A55. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了美好生活的秘訣是什么。人生的目的不是生而快樂(lè)，而是生而有益。
51.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering.(這種對(duì)美好生活的狹隘看法可能會(huì)帶來(lái)短期的好處，但肯定會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期的傷害和痛苦。)”可知，對(duì)美好生活的狹隘看法只能給我們帶來(lái)短期的好處，所以時(shí)間長(zhǎng)了會(huì)讓我們目光短淺、短視。故選B項(xiàng)。
52.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness.(我們必須先為他人服務(wù)而不求回報(bào)，因?yàn)樗说男腋Ｊ俏覀冏约盒腋５脑慈?”可知，我們能夠從幫助他人獲得真正的幸福。故選D項(xiàng)。
53.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.(然而，當(dāng)我們出于熱愛(ài)做同樣的工作時(shí)，我們不僅享受我們做的事情，而且也享受那種毫不費(fèi)力的感覺(jué)。)”可知，帶著熱愛(ài)去做事會(huì)讓人更加享受做這件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有動(dòng)力。故選C項(xiàng)。
54.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance.(虛假的知識(shí)比無(wú)知更危險(xiǎn)。)”可以推測(cè)出，當(dāng)我們對(duì)世界有錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí)的時(shí)候，就算意圖良好，也可能導(dǎo)致不好的、違背預(yù)期的結(jié)局。故選A項(xiàng)。
55.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers.(帶著愛(ài)和知識(shí)，我們?nèi)σ愿?，通過(guò)對(duì)他人做好事來(lái)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更美好的世界。)”可知，有愛(ài)和知識(shí)，生活就會(huì)變得更美好。故選A項(xiàng)。
【2020北京卷】
Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus. Fr example, algrithms(算法)carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther. These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are. But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems have been designed. That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t change.
Sme f tday's AI pineers want t mve n frm tday's wrld f “weak” r “narrw” AI, t create “strng” r “full” AI, r what is ften called artificial general intelligence(AGI). In sme respects, tday's pwerful cmputing machines already make ur brains lk weak. AGI culd, its advcates say, wrk fr us arund the clck, and drawing n all available data, culd suggest slutins t many prblems. DM, a cmpany fcused n the develpment f AGI, has an ambitin t “slve intelligence”. “If we're successful,” their missin statement reads, “we believe this will be ne f the mst imprtant and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days f AI, imaginatin has utpaced what is pssible r even prbable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Gd predicted the eventual creatin f an "ultra- intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities f any man, hwever clever." Gd went n t suggest that “the first ultra -intelligent machine "culd be “the last inventin that man need ever make."
Fears abut the appearance f bad, pwerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinfrced (強(qiáng)化) by many wrks f fictin—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminatr film series, fr example. But if AI des eventually prve t be ur dwnfall, it is unlikely t be at the hands f human-shaped frms like these, with recgnisably human mtivatins such as aggressin (敵對(duì)行為). Instead, I agree with Oxfrd University philspher Nick Bstrm, wh believes that the heaviest risks frm A GI d nt cme frm a decisin t turn against mankind but rather frm a dgged pursuit f set bjectives at the expense f everything else.
The prmise and danger f true A GI are great. But all f tday's excited discussin abut these pssibilities presuppses the fact that we will be able t build these systems. And, having spken t many f the wrld's fremst AI researchers, I believe there is gd reasn t dubt that we will see A GI any time sn, if ever:
42. What des the underlined wrd “ubiquitus” in Paragraph I prbably mean?
A. Enrmus in quantity. B. Changeable daily.
C. Stable in quality. D. Present everywhere.
43. What culd A GI d fr us, accrding t its supprters?
A. Help t tackle prblems.
B. Make brains mre active.
C. Benefit ambitius peple.
D. Set up pwerful databases.
44. As fr Irving Gd's pinin n ultra-intelligent machines, the authr is ____________.
A. supprtive B. disapprving
C. fearful D. uncertain
45. What can be inferred abut A GI frm the passage?
A. It may be nly a dream.
B. It will cme int being sn.
C. It will be cntrlled by humans.
D. It may be mre dangerus than ever.
【答案】42. D 43. A 44. B 45. A
這是一篇議論文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性進(jìn)行了論述。
42.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線(xiàn)詞所在句后面的Fr example, algrithms (算法) carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing n city streets, and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther(例如，算法在我們的金融市場(chǎng)上進(jìn)行大量交易，自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)出現(xiàn)在城市街道上，我們的智能手機(jī)正在從一種語(yǔ)言翻譯成另一種語(yǔ)言)可知，人工智能在我們生活中用處十分廣泛。由此推知，劃線(xiàn)詞所在句意為“某些形式的人工智能確實(shí)正在變得無(wú)處不在”，即劃線(xiàn)詞與D選項(xiàng)“Present everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故選D項(xiàng)。
43.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段AGI culd, its advcates say, wrk fr us arund the clck, and drawing n all available data, culd suggest slutins t many prblems(AGI的倡導(dǎo)者說(shuō)，AGI可以24小時(shí)為我們工作，并利用所有可用的數(shù)據(jù)，可以提出許多問(wèn)題的解決方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡導(dǎo)者認(rèn)為，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出許多問(wèn)題的解決方案，幫助我們解決問(wèn)題。因此，A選項(xiàng)“Help t tackle prblems(幫助解決問(wèn)題)”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。
44.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Since the early days f AI, imaginatin has utpaced what is pssible r even prbable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Gd predicted the eventual creatin f an “ultra-intelligent machine…that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities f any man, hwever clever.”(自從人工智能的早期，想象力已經(jīng)超過(guò)了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的數(shù)學(xué)家歐文·古德預(yù)言，最終將創(chuàng)造出一臺(tái)“超智能機(jī)器……它將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)任何一個(gè)人的智力活動(dòng)，無(wú)論他有多聰明。”)可知，作者認(rèn)為Irving Gd對(duì)“超智能機(jī)器”的想象力超出了實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能，作者并不贊成他的觀點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)“disapprving(不贊成)”符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
45.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句And, having spken t many f the wrld's fremst AI researchers, I believe there is gd reasn t dubt that we will see A GI any time sn, if ever. (而且，在與世界上許多頂尖的人工智能研究人員交談后，我相信有充分的理由懷疑我們是否會(huì)很快看到AGI)可推斷出，通用人工智能（AGI）或許只是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，A選項(xiàng)“It may be nly a dream(它也許僅僅是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想)”符合題意。故選擇A項(xiàng)。
【2019全國(guó)III卷】
Fr Western designers, China and its rich culture have lng been an inspiratin fr Western creative.
"It's n secret that China has always been a surce(來(lái)源)f inspiratin fr designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative fficer at A+E Netwrks, a glbal media cmpany and hme t sme f the biggest fashin(時(shí)尚)shws.
Earlier this year, the China Thrugh A Lking Glass exhibitin in New Yrk exhibited 140 pieces f China-inspired fashinable clthing alngside Chinese wrks f art, with the aim f explring the influence f Chinese aesthetics(美學(xué))n Western fashin and hw China has fueled the fashinable imaginatin fr centuries. The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impssible t verlk," says Hill. "Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement. "Of curse, nly are tday's tp Western designers being influenced by China; sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Galian, Albaz, Marc Jacbs-and beating them hands dwn in design and sales," adds Hil.
Fr Hill, it is impssible nt t talk abut China as the leading player when discussing fashin. "The mst famus designers are Chinese, s are the mdels, and s are the cnsumers," she says. "China is n lnger just anther market; in many senses it has becme the market. If yu talk abut fashin tday, yu are talking abut China-its influences, its directin, its breathtaking clthes, and hw yung designers and mdels are finally acknwledging that in many ways."
24. What can we learn abut the exhibitin in New Yrk?
A. It prmted the sales f artwrks.
B. It attracted a large number f visitrs.
C. It shwed ancient Chinese clthes.
D. It aimed t intrduce Chinese mdels.
25. What des Hill say abut Chinese wmen?
A. They are setting the fashin.
B. They start many fashin campaigns.
C. They admire super mdels.
D. They d business all ver the wrld.
26. What d the underlined wrds "taking n" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning frm
B. lking dwn n
C. wrking with
D. cmpeting against
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Yung Mdels Selling Dreams t the Wrld
B. A Chinese Art Exhibitin Held in New Yrk
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling Internatinal Fashin Trends
【答案】24. B25. A26. D27. D
【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了中國(guó)文化及中國(guó)美學(xué)對(duì)國(guó)際時(shí)尚界的影響。
24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中The exhibitin had recrd attendance, shwing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.可知，此次展覽吸引的參觀者人數(shù)創(chuàng)下了記錄，顯示出人們對(duì)中國(guó)影響的濃厚興趣。故選B。
25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Hill所說(shuō)的話(huà)“Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld, which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin — they are central t its mvement.”(中國(guó)模特是向世界各地的女性推銷(xiāo)夢(mèng)想的美麗和時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)的面孔，這意味著中國(guó)女性不僅僅是時(shí)尚的消費(fèi)者——她們是這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的核心。)可知，Hill說(shuō)中國(guó)女性正在引領(lǐng)新時(shí)尚，故選A。
26.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文and beating them hands dwn in design and sales說(shuō)在設(shè)計(jì)和銷(xiāo)售上擊敗他們，由此推斷出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jasn Wu are taking n Gallian, Albaz, Mare Jacbs的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jasn Wu正在與Gallian、Albaz和 Mare Jacbs競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。taking n意思是“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，故選D。
27.主旨大意題。本文通過(guò)Amanda Hill的評(píng)論，論述了中國(guó)文化、中國(guó)藝術(shù)、中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)師等等在國(guó)際時(shí)尚中發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。因此，“中國(guó)文化刺激著國(guó)際時(shí)尚的發(fā)展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故選D。
【2018北京卷】
Preparing Cities fr Rbt Cars
The pssibility f self-driving rbt cars has ften seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away frm materializing in the real wrld. Well, the future is apparently nw. The Califrnia Department f Mtr Vehicles began giving permits in April fr cmpanies t test truly self-driving cars n public rads. The state als cleared the way fr cmpanies t sell r rent ut self-driving cars, and fr cmpanies t perate driverless taxi services. Califrnia, it shuld be nted, isn’t leading the way here. Cmpanies have been testing their vehicles in cities acrss the cuntry. It’s hard t predict when driverless cars will be everywhere n ur rads. But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated.
While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins. The arrival f driverless vehicles is a chance t make sure that thse vehicles are envirnmentally friendly and mre shared.
D we want t cpy — r even wrsen — the traffic f tday with driverless cars? Imagine a future where mst adults wn individual self-driving vehicles. They tlerate lng, slw jurneys t and frm wrk n packed highways because they can wrk, entertain themselves r sleep n the ride, which encurages urban spread. They take their driverless car t an appintment and set the empty vehicle t circle the building t avid paying fr parking. Instead f walking a few blcks t pick up a child r the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The cnvenience even leads fewer peple t take public transprt — an unwelcme side effect researchers have already fund in ride-hailing(叫車(chē)) services.
A study frm the University f Califrnia at Davis suggested that replacing petrl-pwered private cars wrldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems culd reduce carbn emissins frm transprtatin 80% and cut the cst f transprtatin infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) and peratins 40% by 2050. Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing. The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(責(zé)任與維護(hù)問(wèn)題). But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy.
Plicymakers shuld start thinking nw abut hw t make sure the appearance f driverless vehicles desn’t extend the wrst aspects f the car-cntrlled transprtatin system we have tday. The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably. The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.
47. Accrding t the authr, attentin shuld be paid t hw driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transprtatin-related prblems
B. prvide better services t custmers
C. cause damage t ur envirnment
D. make sme peple lse jbs
48. As fr driverless cars, what is the authr’s majr cncern?
A. Safety.B. Side effects.
C. Affrdability.D. Management.
49. What des the underlined wrd “fielded” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Emplyed.B. Replaced.
C. Shared.D. Reduced.
50. What is the authr’s attitude t the future f self-driving cars?
A. Dubtful.B. Psitive.
C. Disapprving.D. Sympathetic.
【答案】47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】本文為議論文。文章主要討論有關(guān)無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)的發(fā)展前景和面臨的問(wèn)題。
47.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins.可知，政策制定者應(yīng)該討論無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)怎么幫助削減交通阻塞，減少尾氣排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行選擇，由此可見(jiàn)人們應(yīng)該多關(guān)注無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)怎么幫助處理與交通有關(guān)的問(wèn)題。故選A。
48.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated.可知，不管花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)都有可能改變我們的交通系統(tǒng)和我們的城市，不管是好是壞，這取決于如何這種轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)绾伪灰?guī)范，再根據(jù)文章最后一句話(huà)The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.可知，我們需要為其做好計(jì)劃，故作者的主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)是對(duì)這種轉(zhuǎn)變的管理規(guī)范，故選D。
49.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(責(zé)任與維護(hù)問(wèn)題).可知，鑒于自主駕駛的費(fèi)用以及責(zé)任和維護(hù)問(wèn)題，無(wú)人駕駛車(chē)幾乎可以肯定將會(huì)被打車(chē)服務(wù)使用。故劃線(xiàn)詞是“被應(yīng)用”的意思。A. Emplyed被應(yīng)用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D. Reduced被減少。故選A。
50.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably. The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.中的 advancement，mve mre peple, and mre affrdably.以及plan fr it可推知，作者是積極的態(tài)度。故選B。
點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)用詞風(fēng)格，推斷情感態(tài)度。一篇好的文章，其用詞風(fēng)格常常直接流露或蘊(yùn)含作者的內(nèi)心世界和情感態(tài)度。所以閱讀時(shí)要善于捕捉表達(dá)或暗示情感態(tài)度的詞句或短語(yǔ)，捕捉那些烘托氣氛，渲染情感的詞句，進(jìn)而很好地洞察作者的思想傾向，是支持、反對(duì)抑或中立？對(duì)于選項(xiàng)而言，要分清選項(xiàng)中的褒義詞、中性詞和貶義詞，以此對(duì)照全文。
如本題最后一題為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，根據(jù)文中reduce carbn emissins，cut the cst f transprtatin infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) and peratins 40% ，appealing，cmfrtable，advancement，mve mre peple, and mre affrdably.，等詞匯可以推斷出作者對(duì)無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)持積極態(tài)度。故選B。
考點(diǎn)
五年考情（2020-2024）
命題趨勢(shì)
考點(diǎn)1 人與自我型議論文
（5年2考）
2021新課標(biāo)I卷—情商的研究與期望;
2021全國(guó)甲卷—天才有多種形式;
2021天津卷—當(dāng)雜家還是專(zhuān)家;
2019天津卷—成功需要不斷學(xué)習(xí)。
1. 議論文的題材多樣化、知識(shí)化，它包括社會(huì)科學(xué)的多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，涵蓋文化、歷史、文學(xué)、科學(xué)和教育等各個(gè)方面，以及和自然科學(xué)交叉的學(xué)科，體現(xiàn)以人為本的特點(diǎn)。
2.演繹論證議論文：注意文章的開(kāi)篇，因?yàn)槲恼碌拈_(kāi)篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的觀點(diǎn)，從而把握了文章的中心思想。
3. 歸納論證議論文：注意文章的尾段，因?yàn)槲捕问菍?duì)前面所舉事例和分論點(diǎn)的歸納和概括。
4. 抓論點(diǎn)、尋論據(jù)。閱讀議論文我們要抓住論題，即作者提出的觀點(diǎn)、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。抓住了論題，我們就把握了中心。
考點(diǎn)2人與社會(huì)型議論文
（5年4考）
2024新課標(biāo)I卷—數(shù)字閱讀與紙質(zhì)閱讀;
2024全國(guó)甲卷—小說(shuō)結(jié)局引起的思考;
2023全國(guó)乙卷—研究歷史需要物證;
2022北京卷—對(duì)量子計(jì)算機(jī)看法;
2022天津卷—美好生活的秘訣;
2020北京卷—通用人工智能可能性;
2019全國(guó)III卷—中國(guó)美學(xué)影響國(guó)際時(shí)尚界;
2018北京卷—無(wú)人駕駛汽車(chē)的前景。

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