2025年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)(新高考通用)詞匯知識(shí)專題03閱讀理解高頻詞匯(練習(xí))(學(xué)生版+解析)-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

題型一單詞背誦（英譯漢）
研究報(bào)告類高頻詞匯
目錄
01 模擬基礎(chǔ)練
【題型一】單詞背誦（英譯漢）
【題型二】詞匯選擇題
02 重難創(chuàng)新練（閱讀理解）
03 真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練（閱讀理解）
dcument n. 文件；（計(jì)算機(jī)）文檔 v. 記錄；用文件證明
bidiversity n. 生物多類狀態(tài)，生物多樣性
technlgy n. 科技；技術(shù)性機(jī)器 bservatin n. 觀察；監(jiān)視；評(píng)論
applicatin n. 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求；申請(qǐng)書；運(yùn)用；生效；應(yīng)用軟件；勤奮；努力；涂抹；施用
assistant adj. （用于頭銜前）助理的；副的 n. 助手；副手；店員；售貨員；助教
utnumber vt. 數(shù)量多于；比…多
specimen n. 樣品；范例；（化驗(yàn)的）抽樣；標(biāo)本
increasingly adv. 不斷增加地；越來越多地 bservatinal adj. 觀察的，觀測的
investigate v. 調(diào)查；研究
statistician n. 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家，統(tǒng)計(jì)員
illustrate v. （用示例/圖畫等）說明；插圖于…
experiment n. 實(shí)驗(yàn)；試用 v. 做實(shí)驗(yàn)；嘗試
estimatin n. 評(píng)價(jià)，判斷；估算
cnduct v. 進(jìn)行，組織，實(shí)施；表現(xiàn)，舉止；指揮；傳導(dǎo)（熱或電）
independent adj. 獨(dú)立的；公正的；無關(guān)聯(lián)的；自立的；私立的
accurate adj. 正確的，精確的；精準(zhǔn)的
verestimate vt. 對(duì)…作過高的評(píng)價(jià)；對(duì)…估計(jì)過高 n. 過高的估計(jì)；過分的評(píng)價(jià) vi. 估計(jì)過高；評(píng)價(jià)過高 underestimate vt. 低估；對(duì)…估計(jì)不足；看輕；把…的價(jià)值估計(jì)過低 n. 低估；估計(jì)不足；過低評(píng)價(jià)，過低估價(jià)；輕視 average adj. 平均的；正常的，一般的 n. 平均數(shù)；平均水平 v. 平均為；算出…的平均數(shù)
crrelated adj. 有相互關(guān)系的
accuracy n. 精確（性），準(zhǔn)確（性）；準(zhǔn)確無誤
phenmenn n. 現(xiàn)象；杰出的人significantly adv. 有重大意義地；顯著地；意味深長地
dminant adj. 占支配地位的；顯著的；（基因）顯性的
respnse n. 答復(fù)；反應(yīng)
ptential adj. 潛在的 n. 潛力；可能性
implicatin n. 含義；可能的影響（或作用、結(jié)果）；暗指；（被）牽連；
reveal v. 揭示；展示
feature n. 特征；五官；特寫 v. 以…為特征；由…主演；以…為主要內(nèi)容；占重要地位
imperfect adj. 有缺點(diǎn)的，不完美的；n. 處理品，瑕疵品
versampled 過度采樣的
identificatin n. 識(shí)別；身份證明；密切關(guān)聯(lián)；認(rèn)同；同情
riginally adv. 起初，原來；獨(dú)創(chuàng)地，獨(dú)出心裁地
psychlgist n. 心理學(xué)家
tempt vt. 引誘，慫恿；吸引；冒…的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；使感興趣 vi. 有吸引力
device n. 裝置，器具；爆炸裝置；策略，技巧
preschler n. 學(xué)齡前兒童
mechanism n. [生]機(jī)制，機(jī)能，[樂]機(jī)理；（機(jī)械）結(jié)構(gòu)，機(jī)械裝置[作用]，（故事的）結(jié)構(gòu)；[藝]手法，技巧，途徑；機(jī)械作用
dramatically adv. 戲劇地；顯著地
mismatch n. 錯(cuò)配，失諧
cnnectivity n. 連通性
thughtful adj. 沉思的；體貼的；縝密思考過的，深思熟慮的
cnsumptin n. 消費(fèi)，消耗量
temptatin n. 誘惑，引誘；誘惑物
effectively adv. 有效地；實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上
閱讀理解中醫(yī)學(xué)、科普類高頻詞匯
1.醫(yī)學(xué)類
alleviate vt. 減輕,使...緩和
absent-minded adj.心不在焉的，茫然的，恍惚的
bacteria n.(復(fù)數(shù))細(xì)菌
bandage n.繃帶
capsule n.膠囊，太空艙vt.裝入膠囊，簡縮，概括adj.精簡的，小巧的
disable v.使...失去能力
disrder n.雜亂,混亂 vt.擾亂
discmfrt n.不便之處，不適vt.使不適
diagnse v.診斷 vi. 判斷,診斷(疾病)vt診斷(疾病)
transplant vt.移居，移栽，移植(器官)vi.經(jīng)得住移植n.移植，被移植的事物
prescribe vi.規(guī)定,開藥方 vt.規(guī)定,命令,開處方
vitamin n.維生素
prtein adj，蛋白質(zhì)的 n.蛋白質(zhì)
xygen n.氧氧氣
sthe v.緩和，使..安靜，安慰
resistant adj.抵抗的,反抗的n.抵抗者
syndrme n.綜合征，綜合癥狀;典型表現(xiàn)，典型行為
handicap n.障礙賽,障礙 vt.加障礙物,妨礙
surgen n.外科醫(yī)生
physician n.內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
remedy n.藥物,治療法,補(bǔ)救 vt.治療,補(bǔ)救,矯
stress n.緊張，壓力v.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重vt. 強(qiáng)調(diào)n.負(fù)
strke n.中風(fēng);沖程;筆畫;打擊;嘗試;輕撫vt.撫摸;敲擊;劃尾槳;劃掉vi.擊球;作尾槳手;敲擊鍵盤
pill n.藥丸,無法逃避的討厭事 vt.服用藥丸,把..制成藥丸
tablet n.藥片，匾，片狀物
2.科普類
assign v.分配,指派賦值（計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)技術(shù)）
digital adj.手指的,數(shù)字的,數(shù)碼的,電子的
dimensin n.尺寸，次元，容積，維度n.范圍;方面
electrical adj.電的,電氣科學(xué)的
electrnic adj.電子的;電子操縱（生產(chǎn)、完成）的；
ptical adj，眼睛的，視覺的，光學(xué)的
universal adj.普遍的,通用的,宇宙的n.通用s
lar adj.太陽的,太陽能的
slid adj.固體的,結(jié)實(shí)的,可靠的,實(shí)心的n.固體,實(shí)心
mechanical adj.機(jī)械的,力學(xué)的,呆板的n.(供制版用的)樣書，版面設(shè)計(jì)
precise adj.精確的,準(zhǔn)確的,認(rèn)真的
lgical adj，符合邏輯的,邏輯上的,有推理能
psychlgical adj.心理(學(xué))的
phenmenn n.現(xiàn)象，非凡的人或事物
element n.成分,元素,基本原理,(復(fù)數(shù))惡劣天氣
bilgy n.生物學(xué)
evlutin n.進(jìn)化。發(fā)展，進(jìn)展
mathematics n.數(shù)學(xué)
frmula n.公式,配方,規(guī)則;代乳品adj.(賽車的)級(jí)的，方程式的
statistic n.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)值
carbn n.碳,燈芯,復(fù)寫紙
measurement n.測量,衡量.尺寸,大小
intelligence n.理解力，智力，情報(bào)，情報(bào)機(jī)關(guān)；
graph n.圖表,曲線圖v.用圖表表示vt.以(曲線)圖表示
navigatin n.航行，航海，導(dǎo)航
infinite adj.無限的,無窮的n.無限
visual adj.視覺的，栩栩如生的；n.視覺資料可視化
mnitr v. 監(jiān)控；監(jiān)聽 n. 監(jiān)測儀器；顯示屏；班長
emissin n. 發(fā)出（氣體、熱量、光線等的）；排放（物）
pesticide n. 殺蟲劑，農(nóng)藥
sustainability n. 持續(xù)性，能維持性，永續(xù)性
chemicals n. 化學(xué)藥品( chemical的名詞復(fù)數(shù) )
transfrm v. 使改變形態(tài)；使改觀
radmap n. 路標(biāo)
frthcming adj. 即將到來的；現(xiàn)成的；唾手可得的；樂于助人的
revlutin n. 革命；變革；旋轉(zhuǎn)
cmplicated adj. 復(fù)雜的；難處理的
understandable adj. 能懂的，可理解的，可同情的
accessible adj. 可進(jìn)入/到達(dá)/使用的；可理解的；隨和的
infrmative adj. 提供信息的；增長見聞的
Artificial General Intelligence通用人工智能
sidelined v. 使退出比賽( sideline的過去式和過去分詞 )；使下場（尤指由于受傷）；把…排除在核心之外；使靠邊
essential adj. 基本的；必不可少的；根本的 n. 必需品；基本知識(shí)
tipping pint n. 卸載點(diǎn)；引爆點(diǎn)、臨界點(diǎn)、時(shí)間窗、價(jià)格點(diǎn)、量變到質(zhì)變的分界點(diǎn)
structured thinking結(jié)構(gòu)化思維
abandned adj.廢棄的
envirnmentally friendly環(huán)保的
sustainable adj.可持續(xù)的
dispse f丟棄
circumstance n．條件，環(huán)境
閱讀理解中社會(huì)生活、心理學(xué)類高頻詞匯
1.社會(huì)生活類
allcate vt.分配
assess v．評(píng)估；估算
bankrupt adj.破產(chǎn)的
bigraphy n．傳記
bst v．提高；推動(dòng)；使增長
civilize v．使文明，開化
cmprehensin n．理解
cnsciusness n．意識(shí)；觀念
crdinatin n．協(xié)調(diào)
celebrity n．名人
critically adv.批判性地
depressed adj.蕭條的
discipline n．紀(jì)律
emergence n．興起
financial squeeze財(cái)政困難
flurish v．繁榮
genuine adj.真的；真誠的
initiative n．倡議，新方案
mdify v．調(diào)整；修飾
pursuit n．追求；消遣
spnsr n．贊助者 v．贊助
thrive v．旺盛，繁榮
tend v．傾向
vilent behaviurs暴力行為
chas n. 混亂，雜亂
mrality n. 道德；道德準(zhǔn)則；品德高尚的行為；道德觀
mral virtues道德美德
cruelty n. 殘酷，虐待；不公
humbleness n. 謙遜，粗鄙，卑賤
religin n. 宗教；支配自己生活的大事；教派；心愛的事物
scial instincts社會(huì)本能
cmmunity n. 社會(huì)（團(tuán)體）；共有；(生物)群落
mtivate vt. 使有動(dòng)機(jī)，促動(dòng)，激發(fā)，誘導(dǎo)；刺激；激發(fā)…的積極性
behaviural patterns行為模式
efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的
accmpany v. 陪同，陪伴；伴隨；為…伴奏
advantageus adj. 有利的；有好處的
self-discipline n. 自我訓(xùn)練，自我修養(yǎng)；自律
self-cntrl n. 自我控制，自制；自控；自我克制
strengthen v. 鞏固；支持；壯大；加強(qiáng)；使堅(jiān)定；增強(qiáng)
capacity n. 容量；才能；職責(zé)；生產(chǎn)能力；載客量 adj. 座無虛席的
philsphy n. 哲學(xué)；哲學(xué)思想；生活信條
2.心理學(xué)類
minimalism n. 最低綱領(lǐng)，極保守行動(dòng)
intlerable adj. 不能忍受的；無法容忍的；不堪的；難堪
slitude n. 單獨(dú)，孤獨(dú)
aggressive adj. 好斗的，挑釁的；積極進(jìn)取的；聲勢浩大的
cnceited adj. 自負(fù)的，傲慢的
frustrate vt. 挫?。蛔钃?；使受挫折
lnely adj. 孤獨(dú)的；寂寞的；偏僻的
stress n. 精神壓力；強(qiáng)調(diào)；重音 v. 強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀；使疲憊不堪
suspect v. 猜想，覺得；懷疑
bully v. 恐嚇，威逼
victim n. 受害者，遇難者；祭品，犧牲品
anxiety n. 憂慮，焦慮，擔(dān)心；渴望
psychlgy n. 心理（學(xué)）；思想
psychlgist n. 心理學(xué)家
self-esteem n. 自尊；自大；傲骨
neglect v. 疏忽；忽視 n. 忽略；怠慢
empathy n. 移情作用；同感，共鳴；神入
sympathetic adj. 同情的；贊同的；招人喜愛的
assertiveness n. 魄力；自信
supprtive adj. 支持的，擁護(hù)的，贊助的
cmplex adj. 復(fù)雜的；復(fù)合的 n. 綜合建筑群；相關(guān)聯(lián)的一組事物；復(fù)合體；情結(jié)；憂慮
psychlgical prblem精神異常，心理問題
mental health心理健康
scietal expectatins社會(huì)期望
verwhelming adj. 勢不可擋的，壓倒一切的，巨大的；壓倒一切的歡樂
cmpetitive adj. 競爭的；有競爭力的
extracurricular adj. 學(xué)校課程以外的；課外
deprivatin n. 剝奪；喪失；匱乏
priritize vt. 按重要性排列，劃分優(yōu)先順序；優(yōu)先處理
verbal abuse言語虐待
scial exclusin n. 社會(huì)排斥
cyberbullying網(wǎng)上欺凌
ppularizatin n. 普及
emtinal intelligence情緒
misunderstand v. 誤解
mtivatin n. 動(dòng)力；積極性
閱讀理解記敘文中描寫人物及作者態(tài)度相關(guān)的高頻詞匯
1.記敘文命題中題干和選項(xiàng)中?？嫉拿枋鲎髡邞B(tài)度的詞：
表示贊同+積極
appreciatin欣賞，感激
appreciative 感激的，欣賞的
apprval 贊成，承認(rèn)，正式批準(zhǔn)
apprving 贊成的
cmpensatry 補(bǔ)償?shù)模r償?shù)?br>cnfident 自信的，有信心的
defensive 為…而辯護(hù)
desirable 值得擁有的，令人滿意的
enthusiastic 熱情，熱心，積極性，狂熱
enthusiasm 熱情的，熱心的
favrable 贊成的，有利的，贊許的，良好的
frank坦白的，真誠的，直率的
influential 有影響的，有權(quán)勢的
mdest 謙虛的，適度的
psitive 肯定的，積極的，實(shí)際的
prfund 深刻的，意義深遠(yuǎn)的
respectable可敬的，可觀的，體面的
satisfactin 滿意，滿足
sthing 鎮(zhèn)靜的，慰藉的
supprtive支持的，支援的
sympathy 同情，同情心，同感，贊同
sympathetic 同情的
talented 有才能的，有天賦的
tlerance 寬容，容忍
tlerant 寬容的，容忍的
understanding 了解，認(rèn)識(shí)，諒解
admiring 贊賞的
rewarding 有回報(bào)的
instructive 有教育意義的
cnsent同意
impressed / impressive 留下深刻印象的
humrus 幽默的
表示否定+消極
unwilling 不情愿的 = reluctant
pessimistic悲觀的= permissive
depressed 沮喪的= frustrated = glmy
hesitancy 猶豫hesitant 猶豫的，不愿的
arrgant 傲慢的，自大的
biased 有偏見的
cnservative 保守的，守舊的
cntempt 輕視，恥辱
cntemptuus 輕視的，輕蔑的
detestatin 憎惡，厭惡
disapprval 不贊成
disgust 厭惡，反感
dubtful 可疑的，懷疑的
enraged 激怒的
guilty 有罪的，內(nèi)疚的
harmful 有害的
impulsive 沖動(dòng)的，任性的
indignatin 憤慨
indulgence 沉溺，放縱
insulted 受辱的，辱罵的
misleading 令人誤解的，引入歧途的
negative 否定的，消極的，負(fù)的，陰性的
bjectin 異議
ppsitin反對(duì)
ppsed 反對(duì)的
self-centered 以自我為中心的，自私的
irnic諷刺的 = sarcastic = satiric
disappinted 失望的
radical 激進(jìn)的
disapprval 不贊成
hstile有敵意的
undesirable 不受歡迎的，不合意的，不良的
unwrthy 不值得的，無價(jià)值的
wrried 悶悶不樂的，焦慮的
permissive悲觀的
表示客觀中立
factual 事實(shí)的detached 不含個(gè)人偏見的，客觀的disinterested 無私的impartial 公平的，不偏不倚的neutral 中立的 = impersnal ambiguus 模棱兩可的cnservative保守的bjective 客觀的bjectiveness 客觀，客觀性u(píng)nbiased 沒有偏見的unprejudiced 公平的，無偏見的，沒有成見的
主觀詞
cautius謹(jǐn)慎的cautiusness 謹(jǐn)慎，小心curisity 好奇，好奇心puzzled 困惑的，迷惑的subjective 主觀的
apprehensive 擔(dān)心的intlerant不能容忍的，偏執(zhí)的critical批評(píng)的，挑剔的，決定性的criticism 批評(píng)cmprmising 妥協(xié)的dissatisfied 不滿意的infrmative 提供資訊的frmal 正式的infrmal 非正式的discntent不滿的
表懷疑不確定
dubius 懷疑的
questining 質(zhì)疑的
uncertain 態(tài)度不明的
unclear 不確定的
skeptical 懷疑
skepticism 懷疑
suspicin 懷疑，猜疑
questinable 可疑的
2.記敘文描寫人物的高頻詞：
adaptable適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的
aggressive有進(jìn)取心的
ambitius有雄心壯志的
analytical善于分析的
argumentative好爭辯的
aspiring有志氣的，有抱負(fù)的
attractive有魅力的，有吸引力的
brilliant有才氣的，聰穎的
cmpetent能勝任的
cnfident有信心的
cnsiderate體貼的
cnstructive建設(shè)性的
cperative有合作精神的
curageus勇敢的，有膽量的
creative富有創(chuàng)造力的
dashing有一股子沖勁的，有拼搏精神的
demanding苛刻的
determined堅(jiān)決的
devted有獻(xiàn)身精神的
disciplined守紀(jì)律的
dishnest不誠實(shí)的
disrganized無組織的
dutiful盡職的
easy-ging隨和的
efficient有效率的
energetic精力充沛的
enthusiastic充滿熱情的
expressive善于表達(dá)的
faithful守信的，忠誠的
frceful性格堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的
frgetful健忘的
generus慷慨大方的，寬宏大量的
helpful助人的，有益的
helpless無助的，沒用的
hnest誠實(shí)的humrus幽默的
incnsiderate不顧及別人的，輕率的
independent有主見的
initiative 有首創(chuàng)精神的
intellective有智力的
inventive有發(fā)明才能的，有創(chuàng)造力的
just 正直的
kind-hearted好心的
knwledgeable有見識(shí)的
learned精通某學(xué)問的
lyal忠心耿耿的
mean吝嗇的
methdical有方法的
mdest謙虛的
mdy情緒化的
mtivated目標(biāo)明確的
narrw-minded心胸狹窄的
nisy聒噪的
bjective客觀的
pen-minded虛心的
ptimistic樂觀的
rderly守紀(jì)律的
riginal有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的
utging外向友好的
painstaking辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的
passinate充滿熱情的
pessimistic悲觀的
plite有禮貌的
ppular受歡迎的
practical實(shí)際的
purpseful意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的
pushy有進(jìn)取心的
persnality有個(gè)性的人
qualified合格的
respnsible負(fù)責(zé)的
rmantic浪漫的，空想的
self-cnscius自覺的
sensitive敏感的
sincere真誠的
skeptical多疑的
smart精明的
sciable好交際的
spirited生氣勃勃的
steady踏實(shí)的，穩(wěn)定的
straightfrward老實(shí)的
strict嚴(yán)格的
supprtive助人的
strng-willed意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的
sympathetic有同情心的
talented有才能的，有天賦的
thughtful體貼人的
tireless孜孜不倦的
tlerant容忍的
understanding理解人的
upright正直的
virtuus善良的,道德高尚的
熟記常用同義替換詞匯或短語
1.跟…有關(guān) be related t= be assciated with= be linked t= be cnnected with
2.多種多樣 a variety f +n. /varieties f +n. =varius +n. =all kinds f=all srts f = diversities f
3.提前 in advance, ahead f time, ahead f schedule
4.厭煩 be tired/sick f=be bred with=be fed up with
5.與…一致 agree/be cnsistent/crrespnd with
6.缺席 be absent frm, be nt present at
7.抵制 byctt, refuse t accept, resist, reject
8.與...相反/對(duì)立 cntradict, be ppsite t
9.放棄 abandn, g away frm, leave, give up
10.描述 describe, give a descriptin f
11.后來 afterwards, after that, later n
12.目前 nwadays, at present, at the present time
13.取消 cancel, call ff
14.宣布 annunce/declare sth, make sth knwn t the public
15.情況良好in (a) gd cnditin, in a gd state/situatin
16.可進(jìn)入／接近的be accessible, be easy t enter/reach/use
17.再一次again, nce mre, nce again, ver and ver again
18.對(duì)……全然不知be in the dark abut, knw nthing abut
19.把某物分配給某人allcate sth t sb, divide sth amng sb
20.be abve ding sth 不愿意/不屑于…= be unwilling t d sth=be reluctantly
21.industrius 勤奮的=hardwrking =diligent
22.all f a sudden 突然；忽然= all at nce = suddenly =sharply= ut f the blue= withut warning
23.cheat n sb 對(duì)某人不忠=be nt faithful t sb
24. learn…by heart 將…背起來=memrize注：recite 指發(fā)聲背出
25. stand fr 代表/表示=represent=be n behalf f=symblize
26. prvide sb with sth 提供某物給某人= prvide sth fr sb=supply sb with sth=supply sth t sb=affrd sb sth
=affrd sth t sb
27. be brught up 被撫養(yǎng)長大= be raised= be reared bring up = raise 將某人撫養(yǎng)長大
28. agree with sb 和某人看法相同= see eye t eye with sb
29. attend t 對(duì)…專注= pay attentin t= be attentive t
30. take n 帶有/呈現(xiàn)出…= assume
熟記常用有關(guān)文章出處的詞匯
nvel/fictin小說
science nvel/fictin科幻小說
advertisement/Ad 廣告
An fficial website官方網(wǎng)站
A travel website旅游網(wǎng)站
an instructive website有教育意義的網(wǎng)站
travel magazine旅游雜志
gegraphy magazine地理雜志
science magazine科學(xué)雜志
illustrated magazine插圖雜志志
newspaper報(bào)紙?
business newspaper商業(yè)報(bào)紙
science reprt科學(xué)報(bào)告
medical reprt醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告
fficial reprt官方報(bào)告
research reprt研究報(bào)告
news reprt新聞報(bào)道
A travel jurnal旅行雜志
travel guidebk旅行指南
exhibitin guidebk展覽指南
A prgram guide一個(gè)程序指南
A training brchure培訓(xùn)手冊(cè)
A travel brchure旅行手冊(cè)
A literature review書評(píng)?
A film review電影評(píng)論
academic article學(xué)術(shù)文章
research article研究文章
bigraphy傳記
curse plan課程計(jì)劃
encyclpedia百科全書
題型二詞匯選擇題
1．（24-25高三上·天津·期中）The wrd Mangzhng is a pun (雙關(guān)語) n “busy planting” in Chinese, which is als an _____descriptin f hw farmers’ life is during this perid f time.
A．a(chǎn)ccurateB．flexibleC．a(chǎn)ccessibleD．a(chǎn)vailable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“芒種”一詞在漢語中是“忙碌種植”的雙關(guān)語，也是對(duì)這一時(shí)期農(nóng)民生活的準(zhǔn)確描述。A. accurate準(zhǔn)確的；精確的；B. flexible靈活的；柔韌的；C. accessible可接近的；可進(jìn)入的；可使用的；D. available可獲得的；可用的；有空的。根據(jù)“The wrd Mangzhng is a pun (雙關(guān)語) n “busy planting” in Chinese,”可知，“芒種”這一詞是對(duì)這段時(shí)間農(nóng)民生活的一種準(zhǔn)確描述。故選A。
2．（23-24高三·天津?yàn)I海新·階段練習(xí)）The ________ prject was cmpleted in nly nine mnths.
A．relevantB．a(chǎn)mbitiusC．lyalD．vilent
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)雄心勃勃的項(xiàng)目只用了9個(gè)月就完成了。A. relevant相關(guān)的；B. ambitius雄心勃勃的；C. lyal忠誠的；D. vilent暴力的。根據(jù)“只用了9個(gè)月完成了”，可知這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是“雄心勃勃的”。故選B。
3．（2024·天津·一模）Play is a(n) part f a child’s develpment, just as the saying ges, “All wrk and n play makes Jack a dull by”.
A．a(chǎn)ccurateB．essentialC．impressiveD．temprary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：玩耍是孩子發(fā)展的重要組成部分，正如那句諺語所說：“只工作，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會(huì)變傻”。A. accurate精確的；B. essential重要的；C. impressive印象深刻的；D. temprary暫時(shí)的。根據(jù)后文“All wrk and n play makes Jack a dull by”可知，玩耍是孩子發(fā)展的重要組成部分，故選B。
4．（23-24高三下·天津·階段練習(xí)）Sme peple think that watching vilence n TV is ne f the majr causes f ______ behavir and crime in sciety.
A．a(chǎn)bstractB．ridiculusC．a(chǎn)ggressiveD．visual
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人認(rèn)為看電視暴力是社會(huì)上攻擊性行為和犯罪的主要原因之一。A. abstract抽象的；B. ridiculus荒謬的；C. aggressive挑釁的，好斗的；D. visual視覺的。根據(jù)“watching vilence n TV”以及“crime”可知，此處指“攻擊性行為和犯罪”，故選C。
5．（22-23高三下·廣東廣州·階段練習(xí)）She’s very ________ f the prblems invlved.
A．brilliantB．intelligentC．innvativeD．cnscius
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她非常清楚所涉及的問題。A. brilliant燦爛的，明亮的；B. intelligent聰慧的；C. innvative創(chuàng)新的；D. cnscius有意識(shí)的。固定搭配be cnscius f 意為“清楚知道”，表示清楚地知道問題。故選D項(xiàng)。
6．（22-23高三下·廣東廣州·階段練習(xí)）Early bird tickets are available, but they are nly ________ t ur members.
A．a(chǎn)ccessibleB．a(chǎn)ccidentalC．ptentialD．imaginative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們有可以提前預(yù)訂的早鳥票，但只對(duì)我們的會(huì)員開放。A. accessible易得到的；B. accidental意外的；C. ptential有潛力的；D. imaginative富于想象力的。根據(jù)句意可知，我們的早鳥票只有會(huì)員才可以得到。故選A項(xiàng)。
7．（2024·天津河北·一模）Cnsidering the different demands f the students, the schl has adpted a mre ________ apprach t educatin.
A．independentB．respnsibleC．flexibleD．general
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：考慮到學(xué)生的不同需求，學(xué)校采取了更靈活的教育方式。A. independent獨(dú)立的；B. respnsible負(fù)責(zé)的；C. flexible靈活的；D. general大體的。根據(jù)句意可知由于學(xué)生需求不同，學(xué)校應(yīng)該采取更靈活的的教育方式，故選C。
8．（22-23高三下·廣東廣州·階段練習(xí)）This is a ________ shpping centre ffering visitrs entry t a clutch (群) f well-knwn etailers withut ging t their different websites.
A．a(chǎn)rtificialB．a(chǎn)utmaticC．virtualD．relevant
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)虛擬的購物中心，為游客提供了一堆知名零售商的入口，而不用去他們不同的網(wǎng)站。A. artificial人造的；B. autmatic自動(dòng)的；C. virtual虛擬的；D. relevant相關(guān)的。根據(jù)“withut ging t their different websites”可知此處表示“虛擬的”。故選C項(xiàng)。
9．（2022·天津南開·模擬預(yù)測）Withut ur phnes, we had a ________ cnversatin fr ver tw hurs, withut being distracted by messages frm ther peple.
A．pliteB．preciusC．prperD．psitive
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在沒有手機(jī)的情況下，我們進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)的正常交談，沒有被其他人的信息分散注意力。A. plite有禮貌的；B. precius珍貴的、寶貴的；C. prper正常的、適當(dāng)?shù)?；D. psitive積極的。根據(jù)“withut being distracted by messages frm ther peple.”可知，沒有分散注意力的情況下進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)的正常交談。故選C。
10．（21-22高三下·天津?yàn)I海新·階段練習(xí)）Cnsidering the different demands f the students, the schl has adpted a mre ________ apprach t educatin.
A．independentB．respnsibleC．flexibleD．cnsiderate
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：考慮到學(xué)生的不同需求，學(xué)校采取了更靈活的教育方式。A. independent獨(dú)立的；B. respnsible負(fù)責(zé)的；C. flexible靈活的；D. cnsiderate體貼的。根據(jù)上文“Cnsidering the different demands f the students”指更靈活的教育方式。故選C。
11．（23-24高三上·天津·期末）Students wh are fund with pets, whether visiting r wned by the student, are _______ t an initial fine f $100 and a cntinuing fine f $50 a day per pet.
A．bundB．subjectC．subsequentD．cmmitted
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：被發(fā)現(xiàn)帶寵物的學(xué)生，無論是來訪的還是學(xué)生擁有的，都將受到100美元的罰款，每只寵物每天50美元的罰款。A. bund有義務(wù)的；B. subject受……支配的；C. subsequent隨后的；D. cmmitted堅(jiān)定的。根據(jù)后文“an initial fine f $100 and a cntinuing fine f $50 a day per pet.”可知，此處應(yīng)是固定搭配：be subject t意為“遭受”，也就是“受到罰款”之意。故選B項(xiàng)。
12．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Mre Chinese classics have been adapted fr mvies r TV plays t make traditinal Chinese culture t a wider range f peple.
A．flexibleB．cnvenientC．effectiveD．a(chǎn)ccessible
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：越來越多的中國經(jīng)典作品被改編成電影或電視劇，讓更多的人了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化。A. flexible 靈活的；B. cnvenient方便的；C. effective有效的；D. accessible可進(jìn)入/到達(dá)/使用的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里需要形容詞accessible，作補(bǔ)語，意為“可接觸的，可得到的”。故選D。
13．（23-24高三上·天津西青·期末）Sarah was feeling abut the result f her jb interview, and cnstantly check her email fr any news.
A．guiltyB．gratefulC．a(chǎn)nxiusD．sad
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Sarah對(duì)自己的面試結(jié)果感到焦慮，并不斷查看她的電子郵件以了解任何消息。A. guilty有罪的；B. grateful感謝的；C. anxius焦慮的；D. sad悲哀的。根據(jù)后文“abut the result f her jb interview, and cnstantly check her email fr any news”可知空格處缺少的意思是“焦慮的”，anxius“焦慮的”符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。
14．（23-24高三上·天津河北·期末）Despite the rise in technlgy-based learning tls, the schl chse t maintain ______teaching methds, emphasizing the value f face-t-face interactin in the classrm.
A．identicalB．substantialC．btanicalD．cnventinal
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管基于技術(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)工具越來越多，但學(xué)校選擇保持傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)課堂上面對(duì)面互動(dòng)的價(jià)值。A. identical完全相同的；B. substantial大量的；C. btanical植物的；D. cnventinal傳統(tǒng)的。根據(jù)后文“teaching methds, emphasizing the value f face-t-face interactin in the classrm”指學(xué)校選擇保持傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)課堂上面對(duì)面互動(dòng)的價(jià)值。故選D。
15．（2023·天津·高考真題）Athletes shuld make _________ preparatin, bth physical and psychlgical, befre entering a big race.
A．a(chǎn)dequateB．slightC．identicalD．rugh
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：運(yùn)動(dòng)員在參加大型比賽前應(yīng)該做好充分的生理和心理準(zhǔn)備。A. adequate足夠的；B. slight輕微的；C. identical相同的；D. rugh粗糙的，不平的。分析句子，設(shè)空處使用形容詞作定語，根據(jù)句意，此處表示“足夠的，充足的”，用adequate。故選A。
16．（23-24高三上·內(nèi)蒙古通遼·階段練習(xí)）My furteen-year-ld sister is nw studying in a ________ schl.
A．vcatinalB．vcatinC．vacatinD．vacatinal
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。句意：我14歲的姐姐現(xiàn)在在一所職業(yè)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。A. vcatinal職業(yè)的；B. vcatin職業(yè)；C. vacatin假期；D. vacatinal度假的。vacatinal schl意為“職業(yè)技能學(xué)?！薄９蔬xA。
17．（23-24高三上·天津·階段練習(xí)）Accrding t the results, vters’ pinins differ n a variety f issues, such as gun cntrl, illegal immigratin and s n.
A．ptentialB．cntrversialC．financialD．fficial
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，選民對(duì)槍支管制、非法移民等一系列爭議性問題的看法存在分歧。A. ptential潛在的；B. cntrversial有爭議的；C. financial財(cái)政的；D. fficial官方的。根據(jù)后文“such as gun cntrl, illegal immigratin and s n”指有爭議性的問題存在分歧。故選B。
18．（23-24高三上·天津·階段練習(xí)）Since this schl prvides varius ptinal curses, students will have a(n) chice accrding t their interest.
A．flexibleB．a(chǎn)ccessibleC．a(chǎn)vailableD．reliable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于這所學(xué)校提供多種選修課，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的興趣靈活選擇。A. flexible靈活的；B. accessible可到達(dá)的；C. available可獲得的；D. reliable可靠的。根據(jù)上文“Since this schl prvides varius ptinal curses”可知課程的選擇很靈活，應(yīng)用flexible。故選A。
19．（23-24高三上·廣東深圳·階段練習(xí)）Students in Senir 3 are under __________ pressure but we can endure it as lng as we bear dreams in ur mind.
A．intenseB．steelyC．strangeD．cperative
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：高三的學(xué)生承受著巨大的壓力，但只要我們心中有夢(mèng)想，我們就能忍受。A. intense緊張的，強(qiáng)烈的；B. steely無情的；C. strange奇怪的；D. cperative合作的。根據(jù)上文“Students in Senir 3 are under”指高三的學(xué)生承受著巨大的壓力，故選A。
20．（23-24高三上·廣東深圳·階段練習(xí)）Stephen was sclded fr walking int the kitchen with __________ bts and making a mess.
A．wlenB．gentleC．muddyD．shiny
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：斯蒂芬因?yàn)榇┲礉M泥的靴子走進(jìn)廚房，弄得一團(tuán)糟而受到責(zé)罵。A. wlen羊毛的；B. gentle輕柔的；C. muddy泥濘的；D. shiny閃亮的。根據(jù)“and making a mess.”可知，斯蒂芬穿著沾滿泥的靴子走進(jìn)廚房。故選C。
21．（23-24高三上·天津·階段練習(xí)）The Great Wall is the miniature f ______ spirit f the Chinese peple, and als the symbl f the Chinese civilizatin.
A．cnventinalB．cnservativeC．flexibleD．enterprising
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：長城是中華民族進(jìn)取精神的縮影，也是中華文明的象征。A. cnventinal傳統(tǒng)的；B. cnservative保守的；C. flexible柔韌的；D. enterprising有進(jìn)取心的。根據(jù)“spirit f the Chinese peple,”可知，這里指中華民族的進(jìn)取精神。故選D。
22．（23-24高三上·天津·階段練習(xí)）Elizabeth was enrmusly mtivated althugh she made ________ advances in her English learning.
A．brilliantB．mdestC．substantialD．cnsiderable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管伊麗莎白在英語學(xué)習(xí)上進(jìn)步不大，但她的積極性卻很高。A. brilliant極聰明的；B. mdest不太多的；C. substantial重要的；D. cnsiderable相當(dāng)大的。因?yàn)榫渲杏小癮lthugh盡管”表讓步，說明她只有很小的進(jìn)步，沒有取得太多的進(jìn)步。故選B項(xiàng)。
23．（23-24高三上·天津南開·期中）Supprters were encuraged t bring alng canned fd and ______ supplies t help thse trapped.
A．cmfrtB．dedicateC．essentialD．initial
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：支持者們被鼓勵(lì)攜帶罐頭食品和必需品來幫助那些被困的人。A. cmfrt安慰（名詞）；B. dedicate奉獻(xiàn)的；C. essential必要的；重要的；D. initial開始的。根據(jù)“t help thse trapped.”可知，攜帶必要的物品幫助那些被困的人。故選C。
24．（23-24高三上·江蘇蘇州·期中）Fssil fuels are nn-renewable, whse reserves will be used up ne day in the future. In cntrast, renewable energy surces are basically __________, and will be available t us fr a few billin mre years.
A．inadequateB．inexhaustibleC．inaccessibleD．inflexible
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：化石燃料是不可再生的，其儲(chǔ)量總有一天會(huì)用完。相比之下，可再生能源基本上是取之不盡用之不竭的，而且在幾十億年后我們還可以使用。A. inadequate不充足的；B. inexhaustible取之不盡，用之不竭的；C. inaccessible達(dá)不到的；D. inflexible僵硬的。根據(jù)下文“will be available t us fr a few billin mre years.(在幾十億年后我們還可以使用)”可推理出上文說的是可再生能源是取之不盡，用之不竭的，故選B項(xiàng)。
25．（23-24高三上·上?！て谥校癕an”, as a(n) _________ term fr bth men and wmen, is nw cnsidered sexist.
A．favurableB．a(chǎn)bstractC．blanketD．clinical
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“Man”，作為一個(gè)對(duì)男性和女性的總稱，現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是性別歧視。A. favrable支持的；B. abstract抽象的；C. blanket綜合的；D. clinical臨床的。由句意可知，“Man”是一個(gè)對(duì)男性和女性的“綜合的”稱呼，所以C選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選C。
26．（23-24高三上·福建廈門·期中）The hardest part f ging back t cllege was feeling ________ abut the time I spent away frm my kids.
A．ridiculusB．cnfidentC．guiltyD．excited
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：回到大學(xué)最困難的地方在于我對(duì)離開孩子的時(shí)間感到內(nèi)疚。A. ridiculus荒謬的； B. cnfident自信的； C. guilty內(nèi)疚的；D. excited興奮的。由“the time I spent away frm my kids”可知，“我”陪在孩子身邊的時(shí)間變少了，為此“我”感到內(nèi)疚，選擇guilty一詞，故選C項(xiàng)。
27．（22-23高三上·甘肅定西·期中）Mr Davis was________ that the bks he rdered nline were nt delivered as prmised.
A．cnfidentB．cnsciusC．gratefulD．a(chǎn)nnyed
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Davis先生很惱火，因?yàn)樗诰W(wǎng)上訂購的書沒有按照承諾送達(dá)。A. cnfident自信的；B. cnscius有意識(shí)的；C. grateful感激的；D. annyed氣惱的，惱怒的。根據(jù)“the bks he rdered nline were nt delivered as prmised”可知，此處指“Davis先生很惱火”，故選D。
28．（22-23高二上·河北張家口·期中）There was nthing special abut this film — it was nly ______.
A．particularB．a(chǎn)verageC．interestingD．strange
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這部電影沒什么特別之處，只是一般。A. particular特殊的；B. average一般的；C. interesting有趣的；D. strange奇怪的。根據(jù)句意可知，空處表示“一般的，普通的”，故選B項(xiàng)。
29．（21-22高三上·天津北辰·期中）Sme peple are always__________ abut the future while sme are always lking at the bright side f things in their lives.
A．a(chǎn)bnrmalB．mdestC．pessimisticD．patient
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞。句意：有些人總是對(duì)未來很悲觀，然而有些人總是能看到生活中好的一面。A.abnrmal不正常的；B.mdest謙虛的；C.pessimistic悲觀的；D.patient有耐心的。根據(jù)空格后“while”引導(dǎo)的對(duì)比句可知，空格處應(yīng)填悲觀的。故選C。
30．（23-24高三上·江蘇蘇州·階段練習(xí)）When I received the acceptance letter frm my dream university, I was ____. I culdn’t cntain my jy and excitement.
A．nervusB．ecstaticC．embarrassedD．furius
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我收到我夢(mèng)寐以求的大學(xué)的錄取通知書時(shí)，我欣喜若狂。我無法抑制我的喜悅和興奮。A. nervus焦慮的；B. ecstatic狂喜的；C. embarrassed尷尬；D. furius激烈的。根據(jù)后文“I culdn’t cntain my jy and excitement.”可知，“我”非常高興。故選B項(xiàng)。
31．（23-24高三上·福建廈門·階段練習(xí)）With the develpment f AI, the line between humans and rbts will be mre in the future.
A．a(chǎn)bsurdB．vilentC．urgentD．blurred
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，未來人類和機(jī)器人之間的界限將更加模糊。A. absurd荒謬的；B. vilent暴力的；C. urgent緊急的，迫切的；D. blurred模糊不清的。根據(jù)前文“With the develpment f AI(隨著人工智能的發(fā)展)”可推知，有了人工智能的幫助，機(jī)器人更加智能化，與人類之間的界限不再清晰，會(huì)變得更加模糊。故選D項(xiàng)。
32．（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）The dry-cleaner’s culdn’t get the dirt ut cmpletely, but yu can ______see it nw.
A．a(chǎn)pprximatelyB．virtuallyC．barelyD．practically
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：干洗店無法完全清除污垢，只是你現(xiàn)在幾乎看不見了。A. apprximately大約地；B. virtually實(shí)際上地；C. barely幾乎沒有；D. practically實(shí)際地，實(shí)事求是地。分析句子可知，空格處為副詞充當(dāng)狀語修飾動(dòng)詞see，根據(jù)句意，此處需要的意思是“幾乎不”，barely符合句意。故選C項(xiàng)。
33．（23-24高三上·天津·階段練習(xí)）Mr.Hlmes believed that dr was lcked inside by the hstess, but all the evidence suggested________.
A．insteadB．a(chǎn)nywayC．therwiseD．thugh
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：福爾摩斯先生相信門是女主人從里面反鎖的，但所有的證據(jù)都表明不是這樣。A. instead代替；B. anyway無論如何；C. therwise與之不同地，相反地；D. thugh可是。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，福爾摩斯先生相信門是女主人從里面反鎖的，但是所有的證據(jù)卻表明情況相反。故選C。
34．（23-24高三上·天津靜?！るA段練習(xí)）Several years ag, I had a manager wh________changed his mind abut what he wanted.
A．strangelyB．cnstantlyC．a(chǎn)ctuallyD．eventually
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幾年前，我有一位經(jīng)理，對(duì)于自己想要什么，他經(jīng)常改變想法。A. strangely奇怪地；B. cnstantly經(jīng)常地、總是；C. actually實(shí)際上；D. eventually最終、終于。根據(jù)句意，這個(gè)經(jīng)理應(yīng)該是對(duì)于他想要什么，經(jīng)常改變想法。故選B。
35．（23-24高三上·天津南開·期中）If yu have health examinatin________, any disease yu may have can be discvered early.
A．regularlyB．particularlyC．graduallyD．typically
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你定期做健康檢查，你可能患的任何疾病都可以及早發(fā)現(xiàn)。A. regularly有規(guī)律地；B. particularly尤其；C. gradually逐漸地；D. typically典型的。根據(jù)后文“any disease yu may have can be discvered early”可知，應(yīng)是定期做健康檢查，才能及早發(fā)現(xiàn)可能患的任何疾病。故選A項(xiàng)。
36．（23-24高三上·天津武清·階段練習(xí)）The erhu was ______ a musical instrument f ethnic grups in nrthern China, which dates mre than a thusand years back t the Tang Dynasty (618-907).
A．riginallyB．eventuallyC．increasinglyD．a(chǎn)ccurately
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：二胡最初是中國北方少數(shù)民族的樂器，可以追溯到一千多年前的唐朝(618-907)。A. riginally原來；B. eventually最后；C. increasingly不斷增加地；D. accurately準(zhǔn)確地。根據(jù)后文“which dates mre than a thusand years back t the Tang Dynasty”可知，追溯到一千多年前的唐朝，所以是在講二胡的起源，應(yīng)用riginally。故選A項(xiàng)。
37．（20-21高三上·天津北辰·期中）Yu may thank yur gd luck that yu were just___________ hurt while the thers were either killed r seriusly injured.
A．extremelyB．slightlyC．safelyD．exactly
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你要感謝你的好運(yùn)，你只是受了輕傷，而其他人要么死亡，要么重傷。A. extremely極端地；B. slightly輕微地；C. safely安全地；D. exactly準(zhǔn)確地。根據(jù)“Yu may thank yur gd luck”可知，“你”受的傷是輕微的，與 killed 和seriusly injured構(gòu)成對(duì)比，故選B項(xiàng)。
38．（23-24高三上·重慶·期中）There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. ________, it is vital that we strive fr the equality.
A．MreverB．NeverthelessC．DespiteD．Additinally
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞和介詞辨析。句意：我們成功改變法律的可能性很小。然而，爭取平等是至關(guān)重要的。A. Mrever此外（副詞），表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系；B. Nevertheless然而（副詞），表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；C. Despite盡管（介詞），表示讓步關(guān)系；D. Additinally此外（副詞），表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系?？蘸笥卸禾?hào)和句子分開，空處應(yīng)用副詞，空前表示成功改變法律的可能性很小，空后表示仍應(yīng)爭取平等，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，應(yīng)用Nevertheless來銜接。故選B。
39．（20-21高三上·天津北辰·期末）Althugh e-bks are becming mre and mre ppular, I dn’t think they will ________ take the place f paper bks.
A．finallyB．merelyC．bviuslyD．especially
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管電子書越來越受歡迎，但我認(rèn)為它們最終不會(huì)取代紙質(zhì)書。A. finally 最終；B. merely僅僅；C. bviusly明顯地；D. especially尤其，特別。根據(jù)“Althugh e-bks are becming mre and mre ppular,”可知，認(rèn)為電子書最終不會(huì)取代紙質(zhì)書。故選A。
40．（23-24高三上·天津南開·期中）After several runds f talks, the tw sides ______ reached an agreement.
A．a(chǎn)pparentlyB．eventuallyC．literallyD．frequently
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過幾輪談判，雙方最終達(dá)成了協(xié)議。A. apparently顯然；B. eventually最終；C. literally逐字地； D. frequently經(jīng)常地。根據(jù)“After several runds f talks,”可知，幾輪談判之后，最終達(dá)成協(xié)議。故選B。
41．（22-23高三上·河北張家口·期中）Mst peple n this island are fishers, and ________, fishing frms an actual part f their leisure time.
A．a(chǎn)ccidentallyB．purpsefullyC．bviuslyD．frmally
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：島上的大多數(shù)人都是漁民，顯然，捕魚是他們休閑時(shí)間的一部分。A. accidentally偶然地；B. purpsefully故意地；C. bviusly顯然地；D. frmally 正式地。根據(jù)上文“Mst peple n this island are fishers”可推知顯然捕魚是漁民休閑時(shí)間的一部分，故選C。
42．（23-24高三上·天津靜?！るA段練習(xí)）It’s a traditin that, at the wedding ceremny, the hands f the bride and grm wuld be tied tgether with a length f ribbn t symblize that their lives were fastened tgether _______.
A．cnvenientlyB．deliberatelyC．permanentlyD．temprarily
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)，在婚禮上，新娘和新郎的手會(huì)被一段絲帶綁在一起，象征著他們的生活永遠(yuǎn)綁在一起。A. cnveniently方便地；B. deliberately故意；C. permanently永久地；D. temprarily暫時(shí)。根據(jù)前文“at the wedding ceremny, the hands f the bride and grm wuld be tied tgether with a length f ribbn”可知，新娘和新郎的手會(huì)被一段絲帶綁在一起應(yīng)該是象征著他們的生活永遠(yuǎn)綁在一起。故選C項(xiàng)。
43．（23-24高三上·江蘇蘇州·階段練習(xí)）My guitar sls seemed t flw _____frm my fingers, and I felt surrunded by a wall f music.
A．cntinuuslyB．excessivelyC．effrtlesslyD．steadily
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我的吉他獨(dú)奏似乎毫不費(fèi)力地從我的手指中流淌，我感覺被音樂墻包圍了。A. cntinuusly持續(xù)地；B. excessively過分地；C. effrtlessly輕松地；D. steadily穩(wěn)定地。根據(jù)前后文“My guitar sls seemed t flw frm my fingers”以及語境可知，句子表示吉他獨(dú)奏似乎毫不費(fèi)力地從手指中流淌，應(yīng)用副詞effrtlessly。故選C。
44．（23-24高三上·福建寧德·階段練習(xí)）Peng’s cmpany makes ________700,000 yuan fr each partnership it sets up and mre imprtantly, benefits bth lcal peple and freign cuntries.
A．a(chǎn)pprximatelyB．a(chǎn)pprpriately
C．a(chǎn)bslutelyD．desperately
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：彭的公司每建立一個(gè)合作伙伴，就能賺到大約70萬元人民幣，更重要的是，既造福了當(dāng)?shù)厝耍苍旄Ａ送鈬?。A. apprximately大約；B. apprpriately適當(dāng)?shù)?；C. abslutely絕對(duì)地；D. desperately絕望地。根據(jù)句意“大約70萬元人民幣”可知，應(yīng)為副詞作狀語修飾數(shù)詞“700,000 yuan”。故選A。
45．（23-24高三上·福建寧德·階段練習(xí)）Whenever the teacher asks a questin f my slw desk-mate, he ften stands up and cnstantly scratches his head.
A．a(chǎn)ccidentallyB．uncnsciusly
C．elegantlyD．cincidentally
【答案】B
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：每當(dāng)老師問我這個(gè)慢悠悠的同桌一個(gè)問題時(shí)，他常常不自覺地站起來，不停地搔著頭。A. accidentally偶然地；B. uncnsciusly無意識(shí)地；不知不覺地；C. elegantly優(yōu)美地；D. cincidentally巧合地。根據(jù)“Whenever the teacher asks a questin f my slw desk-mate,”可知，同桌回答老師問題時(shí)，會(huì)不自覺地站起來并不停地搔著頭。故選B。
46．（24-25高三上·天津北辰·期中）Participating in extra-curricular activities enables us t learn t negtiate and ________ with fellw students.
A．cperateB．celebrateC．separateD．generate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：參加課外活動(dòng)使我們學(xué)會(huì)了與同學(xué)談判和合作。A. cperate合作；B. celebrate慶祝；C. separate使分開；D. generate生成。由“Participating in extra-curricular activities”和“with fellw students”可知，空格處意為“合作”，是cperate。故選A。
47．（23-24高三下·天津北辰·期中）Giving speeches and presentatins is a necessary part f life. Whether it be at schl r at a cnference, speeches and rals ______ mst fields f study.
A．enhanceB．maintainC．a(chǎn)dvcateD．dminate
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：演講和展示是生活中必不可少的一部分。無論是在學(xué)校還是在會(huì)議上，演講和口語占據(jù)了大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域。A. enhance增強(qiáng)；B. maintain維持；C. advcate擁護(hù)，主張；D. dminate占主導(dǎo)地位。根據(jù)前文“Giving speeches and presentatins is a necessary part f life. ”可知用“dminate”（占主導(dǎo)地位）來形容其在多數(shù)研究領(lǐng)域中的影響力最為合適。故選D。
48．（2021·天津北辰·三模）He has made great cntributins t his cmpany since he entered the cmpany. That’s why he gt ______ last mnth.
A．blamedB．reflectedC．inspectedD．prmted
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：自從加入公司以來，他對(duì)公司做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。這就是他上個(gè)月得到晉升的原因。A. blamed 責(zé)怪；B. reflected 反映；C. inspected 檢查；D. prmted 提升，晉升。根據(jù)句意理解，此人因?yàn)閷?duì)公司的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，所以上個(gè)月應(yīng)該是得到了積極的回饋，而“晉升”表示因?yàn)樽龀鲐暙I(xiàn)而獲得的正面結(jié)果，符合題意。故選D。
49．（2024·天津河?xùn)|·二模）The plice wman ________ that I hadn’t fastened my seat belt and signaled me t stp.
A．spttedB．explredC．instructedD．described
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：女警察發(fā)現(xiàn)我沒有系好安全帶，示意我停車。A. sptted發(fā)現(xiàn)；B. explred探索；C. instructed指示；D. described描述。根據(jù)后文“I hadn’t fastened my seat belt and signaled me t stp”指發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有系安全帶。故選A。
50．（2024·天津·二模）Due t Huawei’s latest prduct Mate X5 which was ______ in September 2023, Huawei tk a leading rle n China Market Fldable Smartphne Brand Sales Ranking.
A．launchedB．landedC．installedD．infrmed
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：由于華為在2023年9月推出了最新的產(chǎn)品Mate X5，華為在中國市場的可折疊智能手機(jī)品牌銷售排名中占據(jù)了領(lǐng)先地位。A. launched（首次）上市；B. landed（飛機(jī)）著陸或（物品）到達(dá)；C. installed安裝；D. infrmed通知。launched正確地描述了新產(chǎn)品的發(fā)布，符合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。
51．（2024·天津·二模）As a physician during the Han Dynasty, Hua Tu is ften________ with being the first in China t use anesthesia (麻醉)during surgcry.
A．presentedB．referredC．creditedD．prmted
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：作為漢朝的一名醫(yī)生，華佗經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是中國第一個(gè)在外科手術(shù)中使用麻醉的人。A. presented展示；提交；B. referred提到；涉及；C. credited認(rèn)為是……的功勞；把……歸功于；D. prmted促進(jìn)；推動(dòng)。由語意可知，華佗經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是中國第一個(gè)在外科手術(shù)中使用麻醉的人。be credited with意為“被認(rèn)為有……成就” 。故選C項(xiàng)。
52．（2024·天津南開·模擬預(yù)測）We had t ______ n the lcatin fr ur vacatin t end the discussin and make everyne happy.
A．memrizeB．cmprmiseC．suspectD．destry
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了結(jié)束討論，讓每個(gè)人都滿意，我們不得不在度假地點(diǎn)上妥協(xié)。根據(jù)后文中make everyne happy（讓每個(gè)人都滿意）可知，該句應(yīng)該表示對(duì)于度假地點(diǎn)的“妥協(xié)”。A. memrize記??；B. cmprmise妥協(xié)；C. suspect猜想；D. destry摧毀。B項(xiàng)符合句意，故選B。
53．（2024·天津和平·三模）In Japan, smene wh witnesses anther persn ______ the OK gesture might think it means mney, while in France, a persn encuntering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zer.
A．ignringB．emplyingC．a(chǎn)nalyzingD．permitting
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在日本，看到別人做“OK”手勢的人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這是錢的意思，而在法國，看到同樣的手勢的人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這是零的意思。A. ignring忽視；B. emplying雇傭，采用；C. analyzing分析；D. permitting允許。根據(jù)后文“the OK gesture”指采用OK手勢的人。故選B。
54．（2024·天津北辰·三模）By wrking in a famus schl, Lily nt nly ______ much valuable experience but als had a clearer understanding f her career ahead.
A．guaranteedB．a(chǎn)ccumulatedC．exchangedD．scheduled
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通過在名校的工作，莉莉不僅積累了很多寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而且對(duì)未來的職業(yè)生涯有了更清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。A. guaranteed保證；B. accumulated積累； C. exchanged交換；D. scheduled安排。根據(jù)“By wrking in a famus schl”以及常識(shí)可知，莉莉積累了很多寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
55．（2024·天津·三模）While psing n significant security threat, the event did ________ sme ppular cncern.
A．suspectB．generateC．disturbD．refresh
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然沒有構(gòu)成重大的安全威脅，但這一事件確實(shí)引起了一些公眾的關(guān)注。A. suspect懷疑；B. generate引起，產(chǎn)生；C. disturb打擾；D. refresh使恢復(fù)精神。根據(jù)后文“sme ppular cncern”指引起關(guān)注，故選B。
56．（2024·天津·一模）Greenhuse gases have been speeding up the prcess f glbal warming and ur climate.
A．a(chǎn)ffectingB．challengingC．prmtingD．creating
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：溫室氣體一直在加速全球變暖的進(jìn)程并影響我們的氣候。A. affect影響；B. challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.prmte促進(jìn)；D. create創(chuàng)造。根據(jù)題意，溫室氣體在全球蔓延后，肯定會(huì)影響到我們的氣候，故選A項(xiàng)。
57．（23-24高三下·天津南開·開學(xué)考試）The Tianjin Prt Free Trade Zne is the nly free trade zne in nrthern China. The zne was t be established in 1991 by State Cuncil.
A．infrmedB．a(chǎn)dvertisedC．a(chǎn)nnuncedD．a(chǎn)pprved
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：天津港自由貿(mào)易區(qū)是中國北方唯一的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。1991年經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)設(shè)立。A. infrmed通知，告知；B. advertised做廣告；C. annunced宣布；D. apprved同意，批準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)The zne及by State Cuncil可知，此處表示“被批準(zhǔn)建立”。故選D。
58．（22-23高三下·廣東廣州·階段練習(xí)）It has been ________ that this drug is effective.
A．cmpsedB．prescribedC．restrainedD．demnstrated
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這藥已被證實(shí)是有效的。A. cmpsed組成；B. prescribed開處方；C. restrained制止；D. demnstrated證明。根據(jù)句意可知，已被證實(shí)，這種藥是有效的。故選D項(xiàng)。
59．（2012·江西宜春·一模）The parking rules in public places shuld be ______ strictly, therwise yu wuld get a ticket.
A．realizedB．recgnizedC．cnsultedD．bserved
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：公共場所的停車規(guī)則應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格遵守，否則你會(huì)收到罰款單。A. realized認(rèn)識(shí)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)；B. recgnized辨認(rèn)出；C. cnsulted咨詢；D. bserved觀察，遵守（規(guī)則、法律等）。根據(jù)前文“The parking rules in public places”及后文“therwise yu wuld get a ticket”可知，在公共場所，必須嚴(yán)格遵守停車規(guī)則。故選D項(xiàng)。
60．（23-24高三·天津河北·期末）Mst f the value f AI lies in its __________ t analyse and interpret vast amunts f data.
A．stabilityB．capacityC．celebrityD．reputatin
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人工智能的大部分價(jià)值在于其分析和解釋大量數(shù)據(jù)的能力。A. stability穩(wěn)定性；B. capacity能力；C. celebrity名人，名流；D. reputatin名聲，名譽(yù)。根據(jù)“t analyse and interpret vast amunts f data.”可知，此處指人工智能具備分析和解釋大量數(shù)據(jù)的能力。故選B。
61．（2024·天津河西·二模）Peking University has the ______ f being ne f the mst famus universities in the wrld, s it attracts a large number f excellent students every year.
A．distinctinB．a(chǎn)dmissinC．impressinD．a(chǎn)mbitin
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：北京大學(xué)有著全世界最著名大學(xué)之一的榮譽(yù)，因此每年都吸引著大批優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生。A. distinctin榮譽(yù)；B. admissin錄??；C. impressin印象；D. ambitin志向。分析句子意思可知，這里需要名詞distinctin，作賓語，構(gòu)成短語have the distinctin f，意為“有……的榮譽(yù)/特殊之處”。故選A。
62．（2024·天津·二模）The hit film YOLO has received criticism as well as ______ since it was released because views n verweight differ.
A．creditB．a(chǎn)rgumentC．implementD．privilege
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：熱門電影《熱辣滾燙》自上映以來，既受到批評(píng)，也受到贊揚(yáng)，因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)超重的看法不一。A. credit贊揚(yáng)；B. argument爭論；C. implement工具；器具；D. privilege特權(quán)；榮幸。根據(jù)“because views n verweight differ.”可知，電影《熱辣滾燙》既受到批評(píng)，也受到贊揚(yáng)。故選A。
63．（2024·天津和平·二模）_______ must g t addressing immediate needs and ensuring the safety f all individuals in the cmmunity during this crisis.
A．MeasuresB．TargetsC．Functins.D．Pririties
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這場危機(jī)中，必須優(yōu)先解決當(dāng)前的需求，并確保社區(qū)中所有人的安全。A. Measures措施；B. Targets目標(biāo)；C. Functins功能；D. Pririties優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。此處應(yīng)指應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)時(shí)需要采取的“措施”來解決眼前的需求和保障安全，因此Measures最符合語境。故選A。
64．（23-24高三下·天津·階段練習(xí)）The visit t the art gallery gave the yung painter a prfund ______ int the use f clrs in abstract art, s she decided t experiment with it in her wn paintings.
A．understandingB．fascinatinC．glimpseD．challenge
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：參觀美術(shù)館使這位年輕的畫家深刻地了解了色彩在抽象藝術(shù)中的運(yùn)用，因此她決定在自己的繪畫中進(jìn)行嘗試。A. understanding理解；B. fascinatin入迷，著迷；C. glimpse一瞥，短暫的感受；D. challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)gave the yung painter a prfund及int the use f clrs in abstract art可知，此處表示“對(duì)色彩在抽象藝術(shù)中的運(yùn)用有了深刻的理解”，give a glimpse int為固定短語。故選C。
65．（2024·天津·二模）The CCTV shw - the Chinese Petry Cmpetitin has been ppular amng the audience, which is partly designed t aruse peple’s ______ in Chinese petry.
A．enthusiasmB．respnseC．significanceD．reflectin
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：CCTV的節(jié)目——中國詩詞大會(huì)在觀眾中很受歡迎，這部分是設(shè)計(jì)來激發(fā)人們對(duì)中國詩詞的熱情。A. enthusiasm熱情；B. respnse反應(yīng)；C. significance意義或重要性；D. reflectin反映或思考。enthusiasm符合語境，表示節(jié)目旨在激發(fā)觀眾對(duì)中國詩詞的熱情。故選A項(xiàng)。
66．（24高三·黑龍江哈爾濱·期末）Yu can deepen yur and memry if yu scan the material first.
A．cmpassinB．cmpensatinC．cnsumptinD．cmprehensin
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你先瀏覽一下材料，可以加深你的理解和記憶。A. cmpassin同情；B. cmpensatin補(bǔ)償；C. cnsumptin消費(fèi)；D. cmprehensin理解。根據(jù)句意可知，此處為名詞cmprehensin“理解”，滿足句意要求。故選D項(xiàng)。
67．（2024·天津·二模）Over the years, peple have learned frm ants that team wrk and perseverance are tw key _______ t success.
A．cntentsB．ingredientsC．a(chǎn)pprachesD．instructins
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，人們從螞蟻身上學(xué)到，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和毅力是成功的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。A.cntents內(nèi)容；B. ingredients要素，因素；C. appraches方法；D. instructins說明書。根據(jù)句意可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和毅力是成功的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。故選B項(xiàng)。
68．（2024·天津?qū)幒印ひ荒＃￤hen giving first aid, we shuld give tp ________ t thse in the mst serius situatins.
A．prirityB．ptential
C．criticismD．elements
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在進(jìn)行急救時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該優(yōu)先考慮那些情況最嚴(yán)重的人。A. pririty優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，最重要的事；B. ptential潛力；C. criticism批評(píng)；D. elements元素。由“thse in the mst serius situatins”可知，句子表示“在進(jìn)行急救時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該優(yōu)先考慮那些情況最嚴(yán)重的人”，give pririty t意為“優(yōu)先考慮”。故選A。
69．（2024·天津·一模）Healthcare wrkers are at risk f getting infectius diseases because f their t infected patients.
A．guidanceB．respnseC．expsureD．a(chǎn)dvantage
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)護(hù)人員由于與被感染的病人接觸而有感染傳染病的危險(xiǎn)。A. guidance指導(dǎo)；B. respnse反應(yīng)，回復(fù)；C. expsure接觸；D.advantage優(yōu)勢。醫(yī)療工作人員和感染的病人是頻繁接觸的，并且因此面臨感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。
70．（23-24高三下·天津南開·開學(xué)考試）Men must cnsider eating, drinking, clthing and finding shelter befre they can pursue entertainment and .
A．ptentialB．recreatinC．justiceD．interventin
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人在追求娛樂和消遣之前，必須先考慮吃、喝、穿和住的地方。A. ptential潛能；B. recreatin消遣；C. justice公平；D. interventin介入。根據(jù)上文“entertainment and”可知，指追求娛樂和消遣。故選B。
閱讀理解
Passage 1
Experiments n rats shw that mixing energy drinks with alchl can cause lng-term prblems with cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) functin, adding t cncerns ver yung adults drinking habits.
The study was carried ut by a team frm the University f Cagliari, and grups f male adlescent rats being given alchl, energy drinks, r a mixture f bth. Varius standard experiments were then used t assess cgnitive functin - including brain scans and behaviral tests - up t 53 days after drinking.
These tests revealed that the animals cnsuming the mixed drinks shwed enduring changes in their ability t learn and remember and changes in the hippcampus (海馬體) - a part f the brain respnsible fr learning and memry.
Alchl and energy drinks are ppular with yung peple fr varius reasns, and the effects frm this study are that these habits culd cause sme lng-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippcampus plasticity culd be affected, damaging the brain’s ability t adapt and change in respnse t new infrmatin and demands.
While the rats n alchl and energy drinks initially shwed a bst in certain brain functins. these benefits didn’t last, and ver time and int adulthd there was a decline in brain capability.
The results shw that alchl mixed with energy drinks cnsumptin during the preadleseent perid prduces adaptive hippcampal changes at the electrphysilgical and mlecular levels. assciated with changes in behavir, which are already detectable during adlescence and persist in adulthd.
These results still need t be cnfirmed in human studies, and there’re likely differences between sexes due t hrmne interactins that weren’t explred in this study. But health cncerns ver energy drinks are justified. Alchl has plenty f effects in health, and it’s well-knwn that mixing the tw tgether in any kind f significant way isn’t the best idea.
Overall, the analysis f the whle set f data btained suggests that alchl mixed with energy drinks, during adlescence, may have results that are nt necessarily the sum f thse bserved with alchl r energy drinks alne and permanently affect hippcampal plasticity.
1．Hw was the study carried ut?
A．By bserving rats’ varius behavirs n the spt.
B．By cmparing rats’ reactins n different ccasins.
C．By cllecting previus data f rats f different kinds
D．By measuring the cgnitive influences n the tested rats.
2．What des the underlined wrd “enduring” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Minr.B．Instant.C．Lasting.D．Unnticeable
3．What can we learn frm the study?
A．Mixed drinks initially d great damage t rats’ brains.
B．Great sex differences have been detected in rats s far.
C．Human subjects have nt been invlved in the prcess
D．The hippcampal and behaviral changes dn’t last lng.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Adlescent Rats Experimented, Great Cncerns Arused
B．Mre Energy Drinks Cnsumed, Mre Health Effects Nted
C．Healthy Diet Habits Adpted, Behaviral Patterns Imprved
D．Energy Drinks Mixed with Alchl, Brain Functins Affected
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于將能量飲料與酒精混合飲用對(duì)青春期大鼠認(rèn)知能力長期影響的研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種混合飲品會(huì)導(dǎo)致大鼠在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力方面出現(xiàn)持久性改變，特別是影響海馬體的可塑性，進(jìn)而損害大腦適應(yīng)新信息和需求的能力。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Varius standard experiments were then used t assess cgnitive functin - including brain scans and behaviral tests - up t 53 days after drinking. (然后用各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)來評(píng)估飲酒后53天的認(rèn)知功能，包括腦部掃描和行為測試。)”可知，研究是通過測量對(duì)被試大鼠的認(rèn)知影響來進(jìn)行的，故選D。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Alchl and energy drinks are ppular with yung peple fr varius reasns, and the effects frm this study are that these habits culd cause sme lng-term harm. (由于各種原因，酒精和能量飲料在年輕人中很受歡迎，這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果是，這些習(xí)慣可能會(huì)造成一些長期危害。)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“這些測試表明，喝了混合飲料的動(dòng)物在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力以及海馬體（大腦中負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的部分）的變化方面表現(xiàn)出持久的變化”，劃線詞enduring的意思是“持久的”，和lasting意思相近，故選C。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“These results still need t be cnfirmed in human studies, and there're likely differences between sexes due t hrmne interactins that weren't explred in this study. (這些結(jié)果仍需要在人類研究中得到證實(shí)，而且由于激素的相互作用，兩性之間可能存在差異，而這項(xiàng)研究并未探索這些差異。)”可知，我們能從這項(xiàng)研究中了解到人類實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象尚未參與這一過程。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段“These tests revealed that the animals cnsuming the mixed drinks shwed enduring changes in their ability t learn and remember and changes in the hippcampus (海馬體) - a part f the brain respnsible fr learning and memry. (這些測試表明，喝了混合飲料的動(dòng)物在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力以及海馬體（大腦中負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶的部分）的變化方面表現(xiàn)出持久的變化。)”和第四段“Alchl and energy drinks are ppular with yung peple fr varius reasns, and the effects frm this study are that these habits culd cause sme lng-term harm. In particular, it seems that hippcampus plasticity culd be affected, damaging the brain’s ability t adapt and change in respnse t new infrmatin and demands. (由于各種原因，酒精和能量飲料在年輕人中很受歡迎，這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果是，這些習(xí)慣可能會(huì)造成一些長期危害。特別是，海馬體的可塑性似乎會(huì)受到影響，損害大腦適應(yīng)和改變新信息和需求的能力。)”可知，本文主要講的是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于將能量飲料與酒精混合飲用對(duì)青春期大鼠認(rèn)知能力長期影響的研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種混合飲品會(huì)導(dǎo)致大鼠在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力方面出現(xiàn)持久性改變，特別是影響海馬體的可塑性，進(jìn)而損害大腦適應(yīng)新信息和需求的能力，因此最好的題目是D選項(xiàng)“Energy Drinks Mixed with Alchl, Brain Functins Affected (混合酒精的能量飲料影響大腦功能)”。故選D。
Passage 2
As mre and mre species near extinctin, scientists have been cllecting samples frm animals, plants and ther creatures and string them in bibanks acrss the glbe. But climate change, envirnmental disasters and wars threaten these mdern Nah’s arks. Nw, a team f researchers is brainstrming an ut-f-this-wrld slutin: building ne f these vaults (庫) n the mn.
A bibank in a permanently shadwed regin at the mn’s suth ple culd be far mre stable than thse n Earth. This part f the mn usually remains arund -196° Celsius, perfect fr string mst animal cells lng-term, marine bilgist Mary Hagedrn and clleagues reprt in BiScience.
Hagedrn and clleagues drew inspiratin frm the Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault in Nrway which takes advantage f belw-zer Arctic temperatures t preserve millins f seeds frm arund the wrld. In 2017, melting (融化) frzen sil threatened t fld the vault, highlighting the need fr a backup plan. A different team has prpsed building a lunar ark in lava (熔巖) tubes that run beneath the mn’s surface. But that design requires a slar-pwered cling system; any lss f pwer and the samples wuld be destryed. In the mn’s frever-frzen shadwed regins, a lunar vault wuldn’t need energy r cnstant human maintenance, Hagedrn’s team says.
Given the shadwy suth ple’s lw temperatures, Hagedrn says, a vault there culd stre “ne f the mst pwerful cells that we have tday” — fibrblasts. Scientists can transfrm these animal cells int stem cells, “and then thse stem cells can be used fr clning,” she says. The cells culd be valuable fr regenerating ppulatins f threatened r extinct species and fr building ecsystems in future human settlements n the mn r Mars.
The prpsal has its share f barriers. Fr instance, the mn’s permanently dark regins aren’t free frm temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen f the Jhns Hpkins University. “They are still cld but perhaps nt always cld enugh fr this prject withut sme level f temperature management.”
1．Why is the mn an ideal place fr the bibank?
A．It’s nt affected by wars.B．It’s nt envirnmentally plluted.
C．It has prper temperatures.D．It has rich resurces fr research.
2．What led t Hagedrn’s prpsal f a lunar bibank?
A．The slar-pwered cling system.B．The lava tubes n the mn’s surface.
C．The prblem facing the Nrway Vault.D．The discvery f ice n the lunar ple.
3．What can scientists use fibrblasts t d?
A．Frm stem cells fr clning.B．Explre mn sil cnditins.
C．Help land humans n the mn.D．Imprve the ec-system f the earth.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Lunar Explratin: The Next Frntier fr Clning
B．Relieving Climate Change: The Mn Bibank Prject
C．The Mn as a Backup: A New Slutin fr Seed Strage
D．Building Bibanks n the Mn: A Prpsal t Save Bidiversity
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D
【解析】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述隨著氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)對(duì)地球的威脅日益加劇，科學(xué)家們提議在月球上建立一個(gè)生物庫，以保護(hù)地球上瀕危物種。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“This part f the mn usually remains arund -196° Celsius, perfect fr string mst animal cells lng-term(月球的這一部分通常保持在零下196攝氏度左右，非常適合長期儲(chǔ)存大多數(shù)動(dòng)物細(xì)胞)”可知，月球溫度適宜，是建立生物庫的理想之地，故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hagedrn and clleagues drew inspiratin frm the Svalbard Glbal Seed Vault in Nrway which takes advantage f belw-zer Arctic temperatures t preserve millins f seeds frm arund the wrld. In 2017, melting (融化) frzen sil threatened t fld the vault, highlighting the need fr a backup plan.(Hagedrn和他的同事們從挪威的斯瓦爾巴全球種子庫獲得了靈感，該種子庫利用北極零下的溫度保存了來自世界各地的數(shù)百萬顆種子。2017年，融化的凍土有可能淹沒了種子庫，這凸顯了后備計(jì)劃的必要性)”可知，挪威的斯瓦爾巴全球種子庫面臨的問題致使Hagedrn提出建立一個(gè)月球生物庫，故選C。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Given the shadwy suth ple’s lw temperatures, Hagedrn says, a vault there culd stre “ne f the mst pwerful cells that we have tday” — fibrblasts. Scientists can transfrm these animal cells int stem cells, “and then thse stem cells can be used fr clning,” she says.(Hagedrn說，鑒于南極陰暗地區(qū)的低溫，那里的一個(gè)儲(chǔ)藏室可以儲(chǔ)存“我們今天擁有的最強(qiáng)大的細(xì)胞之一”——成纖維細(xì)胞?？茖W(xué)家們可以將這些動(dòng)物細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為干細(xì)胞，“然后這些干細(xì)胞可以用于克隆，”她說。)”可知，成纖維細(xì)胞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為干細(xì)胞用于克隆，故選A。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Nw, a team f researchers is brainstrming an ut-f-this-wrld slutin: building ne f these vaults (庫) n the mn.(現(xiàn)在，一組研究人員正在集思廣益，想出一個(gè)天外飛行的解決方案：在月球上建造一個(gè)這樣的儲(chǔ)藏庫)”可知，文章主要講述隨著氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)對(duì)地球的威脅日益加劇，科學(xué)家們提議在月球上建立一個(gè)生物庫，以保護(hù)地球上瀕危物種。D項(xiàng)“在月球上建立生物庫：拯救生物多樣性的建議”為最佳標(biāo)題，故選D。
Passage 3
Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a rle in ur life. When it cmes t playing games like chess, r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures, cmputers are well ahead f humans. But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading.
We are blessed with a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life — t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball — we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple’s minds.
In psychlgy, the ability t infer anther’s mental state is referred t as thery f mind. In humans, this capacity develps at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. Fr instance, if smene asks whether yu are ging fr a run and yu reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly cnclude the answer is n. But this requires huge amunts f backgrund knwledge abut running, weather and human preferences.
Besides, whether humans r AI, the thery f mind is suppsed t emerge naturally frm ne’s wn learning prcess. Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.
But we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind. Humans can clearly explain their gals t each ther using cmmn language and ideas. While letting AI frm the thery f mind in their learning prcess is likely t lead t develping mre pwerful AI, plainly building in shared ways t represent knwledge may be crucial fr humans t trust and cmmunicate with AI.
It is imprtant t remember, thugh, that the pursuit f machines with thery f mind is abut mre than just building mre useful rbts. It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.
1．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing cntexts can AI understand well?
A．When asked where an bject is, a naughty kid pints in the wrng directin.
B．When a teacher asks fr a by’s hmewrk, he answers “my dg ate it”.
C．When yu are treated with a htpt fr dinner, yu reply “a sre thrat”.
D．When a mm tells her kid milk is gd fr health, the kid drinks it up.
2．Which statement will the authr agree with mst abut AI’s thery f mind?
A．AI has already mastered the ability t read human minds.
B．The develpment f AI’s thery f mind heavily relies n human’s understanding f it.
C．AI’s thery f mind can appear naturally withut any human interventin.
D．AI’s thery f mind is superir t human’s in all frms.
3．What is the authr’s attitude tward truly self-aware machines?
A．Ambiguus.B．Cnservative.C．Skeptical.D．Apprving.
4．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．AI’s Thery f Mind Will Define Our Future
B．AI with Its Own Thery f Mind Is Expected
C．AI’s Thery f Mind — a Blessing r Suffering t Humans
D．Thery f Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了AI具備理論心智能力的挑戰(zhàn)與發(fā)展。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“We are blessed with a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life — t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball — we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple’s minds.(我們擁有著一種神秘的能力，能夠推斷他人的目標(biāo)、愿望和信念，這是一種至關(guān)重要的技能，意味著我們可以預(yù)判他人的行為以及自己行為的后果。如果AI要在日常生活中真正發(fā)揮作用——有效地與我們合作，或者理解到一個(gè)孩子可能會(huì)追著彈跳的球跑上馬路——我們必須賦予它們這種進(jìn)化賦予我們的能力：解讀他人的心思。)”可知，AI不具備人類推理出他人的目標(biāo)、欲望和信念的能力，無法解讀人類的心思。由此可推知，“當(dāng)媽媽告訴孩子牛奶對(duì)健康有益時(shí)，孩子就把它喝光了”不涉及推理，AI可以輕松理解。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“In humans, this capacity starts t develp at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. (心理學(xué)家將推斷他人精神狀態(tài)的能力稱為心理理論。在人類中，這種能力在很小的時(shí)候就開始發(fā)展。然而，如何在機(jī)器中復(fù)制這種能力還遠(yuǎn)不清楚。主要挑戰(zhàn)之一是語境問題)”和第四段的“Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.(將先驗(yàn)知識(shí)構(gòu)建到人工智能中，使其依賴于我們對(duì)心理理論的不完美理解。此外，人工智能可能能夠開發(fā)出我們永遠(yuǎn)無法想象的方法。我們可能不知道許多形式的心理理論，僅僅是因?yàn)槲覀兩钤谝粋€(gè)具有某些類型的感官和某種思考能力的人體中)”可知，人類在一定程度上限制了AI的思維理論，作者最有可能同意“人工智能心理理論的發(fā)展在很大程度上依賴于人類對(duì)心理理論的理解”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選B。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“But we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind.(但我們可能仍然希望人工智能有一種更像人類的心理理論形式)”以及最后一段的“It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research:building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.(這也是通往AI和機(jī)器人研究更深層次目標(biāo)的墊腳石：構(gòu)建真正具有自我意識(shí)的機(jī)器。我們是否能夠最終實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)還有待觀察。但在這一過程中，思考其他人和其他代理，實(shí)際上我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)如何更好地認(rèn)識(shí)自己)”可推知，作者支持開發(fā)具有心智理論的AI，期待建造真正有自我意識(shí)的機(jī)器。故選D。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a rle in ur life. When it cmes t playing games like chess, r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures, cmputers are well ahead f humans. But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading.(超人類的人工智能已經(jīng)在我們的生活中發(fā)揮了作用。當(dāng)涉及到下象棋這樣的游戲，或是解決預(yù)測蛋白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)等復(fù)雜的科學(xué)難題時(shí)，計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于人類。但是，我們擁有一種它們還遠(yuǎn)未掌握的超能力：讀心術(shù))”以及最后一段的“It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research:building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.(這同時(shí)也是通往AI和機(jī)器人研究更深層次目標(biāo)的一步：構(gòu)建真正具有自我意識(shí)的機(jī)器。我們是否能夠最終達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)還有待觀察。但在這一過程中，通過思考其他人和其他代理，我們也在學(xué)習(xí)如何更好地認(rèn)識(shí)自己)”可知，文章主要探討了超人人工智能雖在特定任務(wù)上超越人類，但在理解他人意圖方面仍顯不足，強(qiáng)調(diào)了為AI賦予類似人類的“心智理論”能力的重要性及其挑戰(zhàn)。所以“人工智能有望擁有自己的心智理論”適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選B。
完形填空
Passage 1
（2024·天津卷）
Humans have evlved (進(jìn)化) t spend lng perids ding physical exercise. But why desn’t everyne enjy exercising? The cmplexity f the human brain is t blame.
Evlving an ability desn’t autmatically mean we’ll want t use it. While physical exercise isn’t that bad, it’s still typically unpleasant. It has t be: yu’re pushing yur bdy t its physical limits, which leads t significant discmfrt.
Anther issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt. Studies have shwn that it calculates the effrt required fr actins and tends t stp us frm squandering vital resurces n fruitless effrts, like walking ver 30 km fr a handful f berries.
The thing is, regular exercise t get “in shape” requires cnstant and cnsiderable effrt — all fr gradual prgress and uncertain rewards. S, yur brain’s tendency t ask, “Is it wrth it? ” will be hard t quieten. This particular feature als means we typically prefer things which ffer minimum effrt fr maximum reward.
Thankfully, the human brain is a cmplex rgan. It isn’t ruled by its mre primitive drives. While many species’ thught prcesses are limited t “Fd, eat it!”, “Danger, run!”, “Pain, avid!”, we’ve evlved beynd that. Our brains can frm multiple lng-term gals and ambitins. We can imagine a desirable future scenari (情況), figure ut hw we’d achieve it, and d just that. Or at least wrk tward it. This directly impacts hw ur brain prcesses mtivatin and willpwer. It makes us capable f delayed gratificatin (滿足): we can recgnize that rejecting a reward nw can lead t a greater reward later, and act accrdingly.
S hw des the brain prcess mtivatin? The self-discrepancy (自我差異) thery suggests we have several “selves” active in ur minds at any given time: ur “actual” self, ur “ideal” self, and ur “ught” self. Yur “actual” self is hw yu are right nw. Yur “ideal” self is what yu want t be. And yur “ught” self is the self that des what yu ught t be ding t becme yur “ideal” self. S, if yur “ideal” self is a prfessinal ftballer, and yur “actual” self isn’t, yur “ught” self is the ne that spends a lt f time training, exercising, and getting better at ftball.
As far as yur brain is cncerned, there are prcesses that discurage exercise, and prcesses that encurage it. Ideally, yu’ll end up putting mre weight n the latter than the frmer.
1．What can be learnt frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Sme peple are brn physically weaker than thers.
B．Sme peple dislike driving themselves t hard physically.
C．Mst peple have the habit f ding physical exercise.
D．Mst peple d physical exercise fr cmfrt and pleasure.
2．Which is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd “squandering” in Paragraph 3?
A．Cnserving.B．Mixing.C．Misusing.D．Sharing.
3．What is the authr’s purpse in writing Paragraph 4?
A．T raise a questin.B．T prvide a definitin.
C．T make a cmparisn.D．T further explain a pint.
4．Accrding t the authr, hw are humans different frm many ther species?
A．Humans are able t picture a favrable future.
B．Humans benefit mre frm painful experiences.
C．Humans care mre abut immediate rewards.
D．Humans are skilled at aviding dangers.
5．Accrding t the self-discrepancy thery, wh presents the mst active “ught” self?
A．A ftballer dreaming f becming a mvie star.
B．A student eating ptat chips while watching TV.
C．A prfessinal dancer perfrming at a theatre.
D．A swimmer training t win an Olympic medal.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D
【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了并非人人都喜歡體育鍛煉的原因，指出這是因?yàn)槿四X對(duì)無謂的努力很抵觸且鍛煉本身的回報(bào)不確定，不過大腦能形成長期目標(biāo)、處理動(dòng)機(jī)，我們能學(xué)會(huì)延時(shí)滿足，為目標(biāo)不懈努力。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“But why desn’t everyne enjy exercising? (但是為什么不是每個(gè)人都喜歡鍛煉呢？)”和第二段中“While physical exercise isn’t that bad, it’s still typically unpleasant. It has t be: yu’re pushing yur bdy t its physical limits, which leads t significant discmfrt. (雖然體育鍛煉并沒有那么糟糕，但它通常還是令人不愉快的。這是必然的：你正在把你的身體推向它的身體極限，這導(dǎo)致了明顯的不適)”可知，有些人不喜歡鍛煉是身體被迫達(dá)到體能極限時(shí)會(huì)感到明顯不適。由此可知，有些人不喜歡對(duì)自己的身體施加太大的壓力。故選B項(xiàng)。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Anther issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt. Studies have shwn that it calculates the effrt required fr actins (另一個(gè)問題是，人類的大腦對(duì)浪費(fèi)精力非常敏感。研究表明，它可以計(jì)算出行動(dòng)所需的努力)”可知，人腦對(duì)無謂的努力很抵觸。由此可知，此處指“它會(huì)阻止我們將重要資源浪費(fèi)在無效的努力上”，畫線詞意思應(yīng)該是“浪費(fèi)，濫用”，與Misusing意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)。
3．推理判斷題。第三段中的“Anther issue is that the human brain is highly sensitive t wasted effrt. (另一個(gè)問題是，人類的大腦對(duì)浪費(fèi)精力非常敏感)”指出人腦對(duì)無謂的努力很抵觸，第四段“The thing is, regular exercise t get “in shape” requires cnstant and cnsiderable effrt — all fr gradual prgress and uncertain rewards. S, yur brain’s tendency t ask, “Is it wrth it? ” will be hard t quieten. This particular feature als means we typically prefer things which ffer minimum effrt fr maximum reward (問題是，有規(guī)律的鍛煉來保持“身材”需要持續(xù)和相當(dāng)大的努力——所有這些都是漸進(jìn)的，回報(bào)是不確定的。所以，你的大腦問“這值得嗎？”問題的傾向?qū)⒑茈y平息。這個(gè)特殊的特征也意味著我們通常更喜歡那些付出最少努力卻獲得最大回報(bào)的東西)”用規(guī)律鍛煉以保持身材的例子具體說明人腦的這種工作機(jī)制。由此可知，作者寫第四段的目的是進(jìn)一步解釋上文的觀點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。
4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“While many species’ thught prcesses are limited t “Fd, eat it!”, “Danger, run!”, “Pain, avid!”, we’ve evlved beynd that. Our brains can frm multiple lng-term gals and ambitins. We can imagine a desirable future scenari (情況), figure ut hw we’d achieve it, and d just that. (雖然許多物種的思維過程僅限于“食物，吃它！”、“危險(xiǎn)，快跑！”、“痛苦，躲避！”，我們已經(jīng)超越了這一點(diǎn)。我們的大腦可以形成多個(gè)長期目標(biāo)和抱負(fù)。我們可以想象一個(gè)理想的未來場景，弄清楚我們?nèi)绾螌?shí)現(xiàn)它，然后去做)”可知，人類與許多其他物種的不同之處在于，人類能夠想象一個(gè)美好的未來。故選A項(xiàng)。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中“And yur “ught” self is the self that des what yu ught t be ding t becme yur “ideal” self. S, if yur “ideal” self is a prfessinal ftballer, and yur “actual” self isn’t, yur “ught” self is the ne that spends a lt f time training, exercising, and getting better at ftball. (你的“應(yīng)該”自我就是做你應(yīng)該做的事情來成為你的“理想”自我的那個(gè)自我。所以，如果你的“理想”自我是一名職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，而你的“實(shí)際”自我不是，那么你的“應(yīng)該”自我就是花大量時(shí)間訓(xùn)練、鍛煉，并在足球方面做得更好的那個(gè)人)”可知，“自我差異”理論認(rèn)為“應(yīng)該”自我會(huì)使人為奮斗目標(biāo)持續(xù)努力。由此可知，為贏得奧運(yùn)獎(jiǎng)牌而訓(xùn)練的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員表現(xiàn)出最活躍的“應(yīng)該”自我。故選D項(xiàng)。
Passage 2
（2024年1月浙江高考真題）The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (誘惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轟炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
1．What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A．Take an examinatin alne.B．Shw respect fr the researchers.
C．Share their treats with thers.D．Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
2．Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A．the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B．the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C．the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D．the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
3．What des the authr suggest readers d?
A．Absrb new infrmatin readily.B．Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C．Use diverse infrmatin surces.D．Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
4．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Eat Less, Read MreB．The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C．The Later, the BetterD．The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D
【解析】這是一篇說明文。在信息化時(shí)代我們作為成年人每天都在面對(duì)棉花糖測試，信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章對(duì)此進(jìn)行了介紹。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat.(每個(gè)孩子都被告知，如果他們?cè)诔灾暗却?5分鐘，他們將得到第二次獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。)”可知，在米歇爾的測試中，孩子們需要在吃之前等待15分鐘才能得到第二次獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。故選D。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.(但是，當(dāng)我們重塑了我們周圍的世界，大大減少了獲取卡路里的成本和努力時(shí)，我們的大腦仍然和幾千年前一樣，這種不匹配是我們這么多人努力抵抗我們知道不應(yīng)該吃的誘人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根據(jù)第三段可知，豐富的食物供應(yīng)和我們不曾改變的大腦之間存在不匹配。故選C。
3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.(因此，就像我們需要更仔細(xì)地考慮我們的熱量消耗一樣，我們也需要更仔細(xì)地考慮我們的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的誘惑，以便最有效地管理我們的時(shí)間。)”可知，作者建議讀者做有選擇性的信息消費(fèi)者。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (誘惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.(作為成年人，我們每天都要面對(duì)棉花糖測試。誘惑我們的不是甜食，而是我們的電腦、手機(jī)和平板電腦——所有這些將我們與全球信息傳遞系統(tǒng)連接起來的設(shè)備，它們對(duì)我們的作用就像棉花糖對(duì)學(xué)齡前兒童的作用一樣。)”可知，文章主要是講在信息化時(shí)代我們作為成年人每天都在面對(duì)棉花糖測試，信息轟炸讓我們攝入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故選D。
Passage 3
（2022年6月浙江卷）
Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(適度) als gets results n the jb.
In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all. High levels f knwledge can make peple t attached t traditinal ways f viewing prblems acrss fields the arts, sciences, and plitics. High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.
Hw lng we stay n the clck and hw we spend that time are under careful examinatin in many wrkplaces. The yung banker wh eats lunch at his desk is prbably seen as a g-getter, while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice. “Peple frm cultures that value relatinships mre than urs des are shcked by the thught f eating alne in frnt f a cmputer”, says Art Markman, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Texas, Austin. Scial interactin has been shwn t lift md(情緒) and get peple thinking in new directins and in ways that culd help imprve any pst-lunch effrt.
Markman als prmtes ff-task time. “Part f being a gd thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated t what yu are wrking n at the mment but give yu fresh ideas abut yur wrk,” he says. “Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity. S, when peple d things t increase their life satisfactin, they als make themselves mre effective at wrk.”
1．What des Ellen Langer’s study shw?
A．It is wrthwhile t be a perfectinistB．Translatin makes peple knwledgeable.
C．Simpler jbs require greater cautin.D．Mderate effrt prduces the best result.
2．The underlined wrd “g-getter” in paragraph 3 refers t smene Wh_______.
A．is gd at handling pressureB．wrks hard t becme successful
C．a(chǎn) has a natural talent fr his jb.D．gets n well with his c-wrkers
3．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．A gd thinker is able t inspire ther peple.
B．Experience unrelated t yur jb is useless.
C．A cheerful md helps make a creative mind.
D．Fcusing n what yu d raises prductivity.
4．What des the text seem t advcate?
A．Middle-f-the-rad wrk habits.B．Balance between wrk and family.
C．Lng-standing cultural traditins.D．Harmny in the wrk envirnment.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了許多人認(rèn)為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果。所以要適度工作，工作時(shí)要有積極的情緒，這會(huì)讓自己在工作中更有效率。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Many peple believe that wrking t the maximum is the secret t success, but research has fund that mderatin(適度) als gets results n the jb.(許多人認(rèn)為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer f Harvard University, researchers asked peple t translate sentences int a new a made-up language. Subjects wh practiced the language mderately befrehand made fewer errrs than thse wh practiced extensively r nt at all.(在哈佛大學(xué)Ellen Langer領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員要求人們將句子翻譯成一種新的虛構(gòu)的語言。那些事先適度練習(xí)這門語言的受試者比那些全力練習(xí)或根本不練習(xí)的受試者犯的錯(cuò)誤要少。)”可知，第一段提出主題，即適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果，接著第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究來證明這一點(diǎn)，由此可推知，Ellen Langer的研究表明適度的努力會(huì)產(chǎn)生最好的結(jié)果。故選D。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“while his clleagues wh chat ver a relaxed cnference-rm meal get dirty lks frm the crner ffice.(而他那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事會(huì)得到別人不屑的目光，即被認(rèn)為不努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個(gè)努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，劃線單詞g-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Als, there is a lt f research shwing that a psitive md leads t higher levels f prductivity and creativity.(此外，許多研究表明，積極的情緒能夠提高生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)造力。 )”可知，積極的情緒能夠提高生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于創(chuàng)造性思維。故選C。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“but research has fund that mderatin(適度) als gets results n the jb.(但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果)”和第二段中“High cnscientiusness is related t lwer jb perfrmance, especially in simple jbs where it desn’t pay t be a perfectinist.(高盡責(zé)性與低工作表現(xiàn)有關(guān)，尤其是在簡單的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介紹研究表明適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果，所以文章提倡適度工作，即中庸的工作習(xí)慣。故選A。

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