在近幾年的各地中考閱讀試題中，出現(xiàn)一種新型題——任務(wù)型閱讀。這是閱讀理解題中難度比較大的一種題型。它要求同學(xué)們在閱讀文章之后能對文章里的一些細節(jié)做到準(zhǔn)確把握，是一種讀寫結(jié)合的題型。任務(wù)型閱讀在中考英語試卷中，不同地區(qū)考查類型不同，但?？嫉闹饕兴姆N類型。第一種是回答問題型，第二種是完成表格型，第三種是還原短文型，最后一種是多元綜合型。
1．(2023·湖南長沙） 閱讀還原Hw t Imprve Yur ReadingLearning hw t read well in English might nt be an easy task. ____1___ Reading well in English is useful fr many reasns, nt nly fr taking tests. If yu want t imprve yur reading in English, the fllwing are just fr yu!Chse right reading materials (材料). There are s many chices! There are textbks and graded readers, but there are als a lt mre bks yu can read. ____2____ Here is a gd rule t fllw: chse reading materials where yu understand at least 80% f the cntent (內(nèi)容). Be intentinal (意圖明確的). Being intentinal means ding smething n purpse with a reasn in mind. With reading, yu need t be intentinal by setting a reading aim. Decide n a certain number f pages yu want t read each day. ____3____ T make sure yur daily practice gets dne, spare sme time and put it in yur study plan!
yu need t accept the fact that yu might nt understand every single wrd, and that’s OK! Yur brain can’t learn s many new things at ne time. It’s mre imprtant t get the big picture f what yu are reading. ___5____A. Read wrd grups.B. Dn’t chse a bk that is t easy r t difficult.C. Yu culd als be intentinal with planning a time t read.D. But it’s smething yu’ll have t d n yur language learning jurney.E. And yu can g back t check the new things yu dn’t understand later.
____4____Reading can bth intrduce yu t new vcabulary (詞匯) and teach yu hw t use them. Many wrds in English are ften used tgether in a cnsistent (相互連貫的) way. Reading grups f wrds, r wrds that g tgether, will help yu better understand hw t use yur new vcabulary. Dn’t try t understand everything. As yu’re practicing yur reading
【答案】1. D 2 B 3 C 4. A 5. E【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹如何提高你的閱讀。1.根據(jù)“Learning hw t read well in English might nt be an easy task.”可知，學(xué)習(xí)如何用英語閱讀可能不是一件容易的事，但確是必做的事。選項D“但這是你在學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程中必須要做的?！狈险Z境，故選D。2.根據(jù)“Chse right reading materials.”和“chse reading materials where yu understand at least 80% f the cntent”可知，本段就選擇正確的閱讀材料給出建議，建議選擇至少理解80%內(nèi)容的閱讀材料，選項B“不要選擇太容易或太難的書?！狈险Z境，故選B。3.根據(jù)“Decide n a certain number f pages yu want t read each day.”可知，確定你每天要讀的頁數(shù)，此處與計劃相關(guān)，選項C“你也可以有意識地計劃一個閱讀時間。”符合語境，故選C。4.根據(jù)“Reading can bth intrduce yu t new vcabulary and teach yu hw t use them.”可知，閱讀既可以向你介紹新詞匯，也可以教你如何使用它們。本段與新詞匯相關(guān)，選項A“閱讀詞組?！狈险Z境，故選A。5.根據(jù)“As yu’re practicing yur reading, yu need t accept the fact that yu might nt understand every single wrd, and that’s OK!”可知，當(dāng)你在練習(xí)閱讀時，你需要接受你可能不理解每個單詞的事實，這沒關(guān)系！可以讀完再回頭檢查不理解的部分，選項E“你可以回頭檢查你不理解的新東西。”符合語境，故選E。
1.（2023·江蘇無錫）閱讀填空 先通讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文章后表格的空格內(nèi)填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。每個空格只能填一個單詞。T supprt the emplyment (就業(yè)) f disabled peple in Guangzhu, Starbucks has pened its first “Silent Café” in China where almst half the staff are hearing impaired.Furteen ut f the thirty staff members have truble hearing, and s Starbucks has created a café that desn’t require custmers t say anything—nr the staff t hear anything. “This might be the quietest Starbucks amng the ver 3800 shps n the Chinese mainland,” says Le Tsi, Chief Operating Officer f Starbucks, China.The newly pened “Silent Café” has a special rdering system where all fd and drinks are numbered, letting custmers easily write dwn their rder and allwing them t place rders withut having t say a wrd.Chen Siting, a staff member shares her thughts abut the idea. “We cannt hear yu but wuld like t share a tasty cffee with yu,” says Siting. “I believe mre peple like me culd find a career they dream abut in the future,” she cntinues.Like Siting, Zhu Jieying, has been wrking at Starbucks fr abut seven years, making him its first hearing-impaired cffee master. He has hpes that Starbucks culd pen mre pprtunities (機遇) fr thse wh are disabled, and encurage them t prve themselves and t explre mre pssibilities in life.
Title; Starbucks “Silent Café”
【答案】54. Opened 55. impairment 56. numbers 57 ideal 58. prvide
【解析】本文介紹了星巴克為給更多有聽力障礙的人提供工作，開設(shè)了“無聲咖啡店”。54.根據(jù)“Starbucks has pened its first ‘Silent Café’ in China where almst half the staff are hearing impaired.”可知第一個“無聲咖啡店”在廣州開業(yè)，pen表示“開業(yè)”，此處用被動語態(tài)，動詞用過去分詞。故填pened。55.根據(jù)“where almst half the staff are hearing impaired.”可知幾乎一半的員工都有聽力障礙，have后接名詞，hearing impairment表示“聽力障礙”。故填impairment。56.根據(jù)“The newly pened ‘Silent Café’ has a special rdering system where all fd and drinks are numbered, letting custmers easily write dwn their rder and allwing them t place rders withut having t say a wrd.”可知新開的“無聲咖啡館”有一個特殊的點餐系統(tǒng)，所有的食物和飲料都有編號，讓顧客很容易寫下他們的訂單，讓他們不用說一句話就可以下單，number表示“號碼”，此處用復(fù)數(shù)。故填numbers。57.根據(jù)“I believe mre peple like me culd find a career they dream abut in the future,”可知陳思婷相信更多像她一樣的人會在未來找到夢想的職業(yè)。此空為形容詞作定語修飾名詞，ideal表示“理想的”。故填ideal。58.根據(jù)“He has hpes that Starbucks culd pen mre pprtunities (機遇) fr thse wh are disabled, and encurage them l prve themselves and t explre mre pssibilities in life.”可知朱潔瑩希望星巴克能夠給殘疾人提供更多機會，prvide sb with sth表示“提供給某人某物”。故填prvide。
（2023·天津）It is healthy t live arund trees. Trees wrk as dctrs and they keep us healthy.Many scientists have studied hw trees clean the air. Fr peple in large cities, trees can be very imprtant fr their health. These days, cities are planting trees nt just in parks. They are als planting trees alng streets in rder t help clean the air.Sme scientists als believe trees help mre than just the air. Trees keep ur bdies healthy as well. Peple in hspitals seem t d better when they can see trees frm their rms. Peple with trees near their hmes usually take mre exercise.Scientists have als studied the healthy effects (效果) f trees n ur minds. One effect f trees seems t be that they make peple feel relaxed. Scientists did sme research n city peple in an area with few trees. After trees were planted n the street, peple walked slwer when ging hme. They said the area was much nicer.Of curse, anther gd effect is that dctr trees wrk fr free!51. Trees wrk as ____________ and they keep us healthy.52. Cities are als ____________ alng streets t help clean the air.53. Peple in hspitals ____________ when they can see trees.54. Scientists have studied ____________ n ur minds.55. After trees were planted n the street, ____________ when they went hme.
【答案】51. dctrs 52. planting trees 53 seem t d better 54. the healthy effects f trees 55. peple walked slwer【解析】本文介紹了樹木“醫(yī)生”對人們健康的好處。51根據(jù)“Trees wrk as dctrs and they keep us healthy.”可知樹木起著醫(yī)生的作用。故填dctrs。52根據(jù)“These days, cities are planting trees nt just in parks. They are als planting trees alng streets in rder t help clean the air.”可知城市在街道上植樹，以幫助清潔空氣。故填planting trees。53根據(jù)“Peple in hspitals seem t d better when they can see trees frm their rms.”可知醫(yī)院里的人如果能從房間里看到樹，情況似乎會好一些。故填seem t d better。54根據(jù)“Scientists have als studied the healthy effects (效果) f trees n ur minds.”可知科學(xué)家們研究了樹木對我們大腦的健康影響。故填the healthy effects f trees。55根據(jù)“After trees were planted n the street, peple walked slwer when ging hme.”可知在街上種了樹后，人們回家時走得慢了。故填peple walked slwer。
（2023·廣東）回答問題（本題共5小題，每小題2分，共10分）
51. Wh discvered that dreams may make yu smart?_____________________________________________________________________52. When des the brain review yur experiences in the day?_____________________________________________________________________53. Where des the brain replay the painful memries?_____________________________________________________________________54. What might help yu get higher marks accrding t the passage?_____________________________________________________________________55. Which matters mre fr creativity, hard wrk r dreams?____________________________________________________________________
【解析】本文介紹了夢是什么，并介紹了夢的功能。51.根據(jù)“This was discvered by scientists wh d research n dreams.”可知這個結(jié)論是研究夢的科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故填Scientists wh d research n dreams (discvered it).52.根據(jù)“Scientists explain that during sleep time yur brain reviews yur experiences in the day.”可知是在睡眠期間，大腦會回顧一天的經(jīng)歷。故填During sleep time.53.根據(jù)“While yu are sleeping, hwever, the brain will replay the painful memries in a safe dream space.”可知大腦會在一個安全的夢境空間里回放痛苦的記憶。故填I(lǐng)n a safe dream space.54.根據(jù)“They say a sweet dream might help yu get higher marks.”可知一個甜蜜的夢會幫助你得到高分。故填A(yù) sweet dream.55.根據(jù)“In a wrd, hard wrk matters mre fr creativity, thugh dreams als have a rle t play.”可知努力工作對于創(chuàng)造力更重要。故填Hard wrk.
（2023·沈陽）AHere is sme infrmatin abut three rganizatins. They prvide funds (基金) t help children, wmen and animals in need.CCTF
50. 寫出文中畫線部分(A)和(D)的同義詞或近義詞：________；________51. 將文中畫線部分(B)改寫為：________ then, the prject has helped them ________ t schl.52. 將文中畫線部分(C)譯成英語：________53. 在文中(E)和(F)的空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~：________；________54. 從文中找出兩個基金會的簡稱：________；________
【答案】50. ①. culdn’t ②. daily 51. ①. Since ②. return 52. Tday it is still (very) imprtant./Tday it remains (very) imprtant. 53. ①. an ②. because 54. ①. CCTF ②. UNICEF；WWF(任意兩個)【解析】本文主要介紹了三個基金會的情況。50.were unable t表示“不能夠”，且were是過去式，所以culdn’t是它的同義詞；everyday“每日的”，形容詞，daily是它的同義詞，故填culdn’t；daily。51.frm then n=since then“從那時起”，g back=return，故填Since；return。
52.tday“今天”，此句是一般現(xiàn)在時；it is still/it remains“它仍然是”；(very) imprtant“非常重要”，故填Tday it is still (very) imprtant./Tday it remains (very) imprtant.53.根據(jù)“The WWF is … envirnmental rganizatin.”可知，空處表泛指，且envirnmental是以元音音素開頭的，所以填an；根據(jù)“Nw many animals becme endangered … peple kill them and destry their hmes.”可知，空格后“人們殺死它們，摧毀它們的家園”是解釋前半句“許多動物瀕臨滅絕”的原因，所以用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，故填an；because。54.根據(jù)“CCTF is shrt fr the China Children and Teenagers’ Fund.” “UNICEF is the ‘United Natins Children’s Fund’.” “The Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature (WWF) was set up in 1961.”可知，CCTF，UNICEF，WWF都是基金會的簡稱，故填CCTF；UNICEF；WWF(任意兩個)。
還原句子型閱讀是中考題型中比較新的題型，一般有200-250個單詞左右，常見題型為5選5（廣州，湖北荊州等）、6選5（深圳，成都等），7選5（山東，江蘇等）。這題型實際上需要學(xué)生拓寬自己思維的深度和廣度，不再只是簡單地從句子層面出發(fā)理解和把 控詞匯含義和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，從而逐步理解篇章意思，而是從更高層次的篇章層面上，立足整體，體會句子或語段前后的銜接和連貫性，進而把握篇章大意和作者寫作思路及其意圖。它要求考生不但要有扎實的語言功底，而且還要有較強的邏輯思維能力，要求考生能夠“既見樹木又見森林”，極大的增加了考生的難度。
解題技巧在做閱讀還原題的過程中，要關(guān)注段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系（主要有并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等）及在英語閱讀中常見的單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、代詞指代，關(guān)注特殊句式。如排比句等。在做閱讀還原題時，首先要看標(biāo)題讀選項，預(yù)測文章大意并找出選項與文章對應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞；然后要讀文章、找邏輯，抓過渡句和主題句。注意解題時先把握容易找出的邏輯關(guān)系，再解決有困難的題；最后，在完成所有選項后，要回讀文章，核查邏輯關(guān)系。1．通讀全文，了解文章大意。2．通讀答案，找出和文章相對應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵詞。3．根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)、具體內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞，將選項填入文中。4．將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)，研究多余選項，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。
解題方法（一）問題設(shè)在段中1. 盯緊橫線的前后詞語根據(jù)段落一致性原則，在原文和選項中找到相關(guān)的特征詞。2．抓住過渡詞，看住上下句看與前文是否是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系，此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時注意選項中 所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立，對比關(guān)系。看與前文是否是并列或排比關(guān)系，在這種情況下，通常是該段落要求補全說明本段主題的其他細節(jié)。 因此，通常選項中會出現(xiàn)表示并列或遞進關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其 他線索。
（二）問題設(shè)在段首1. 通常是段落的主題句認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。2．與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系等著重閱讀后文第一二句，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關(guān)特征詞，通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。因此這兩句之間會有某種的銜接手段。3．段落間的過渡句這時要瞻前顧后找啟示，即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分，通常正確答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機銜接，并結(jié)合下一 段內(nèi)容，看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來。
（三）問題設(shè)在段尾1．空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句，重點閱讀以鎖定關(guān)鍵詞。2．通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞：Therefre, as a result, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd, all in all, in cnclusin等詞語。選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。3．所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容的句子如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接，認(rèn)真閱讀下一 段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。4. 如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細節(jié)還是主題通常文章第一段要提出文章的主 題，如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。
（2023·山東濟南）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。We all lve spending time by the sea. Sme lucky nes might live n the cast and enjy the benefits (益處) all arund the year. ____1____ Mst f us wuld say we feel healthier by the cean. In the past, dctrs wuld actually suggest spending time by the sea t their patients. And research has shwn that peple wh live n the cast are mre likely t believe their health is gd cmpared t thse living in a city. S hw d we benefit, exactly?Well, t start with, it’s great fr ur mental (心理) health. Scientists have discvered that we have smething called a blue mind. They have shwn that watching, listening t the waves (海浪) r being in the cean helps ur brains slw dwn. ____2____ This is why peple wh have truble sleeping are ften tld t listen t recrdings f the sund f waves hitting the beach t help them relax at bedtime.____3____ We g ut a lt mre when we’re n hliday by the sea. We ften becme mre active n hlidays and peple wh live n the cast are usually mre active t. ____4____ Walking n sand requires mre effrt than n the pavement. And the sea air is gd fr peple with breathing prblems t. There is less pllutin in the air near the cean and in autumn and winter the air is fresher. This is healthier than the dry air in hmes with central heating. It has even been fund that the chemicals in sea water may help us have healthy skin.____5____ We lk frward s much t having ur next ne!
A. Breathing the air in the city makes yu mre active.B. Others usually have t wait fr the next vacatin.C. Being by the sea is als gd fr ur physical health.D. Kids especially like t have fun by the sea in summer.E. Naturally we ften feel s great at the end f a seaside hliday.F. The sund f them can help us relax and feel free frm stress.G. And if yu take yur walks n the beach, this is a lt better.
【答案】1. B 2. F 3. C 4. G 5. E【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹如何從海邊受益。1.根據(jù)“Sme lucky nes might live n the cast and enjy the benefits (益處) all arund the year.”可知，一些幸運的人可能住在海邊，一年四季都能享受到好處。結(jié)合選項，此處是結(jié)構(gòu)，選項B“其他人通常要等到下一個假期?！狈险Z境，故選B。2.根據(jù)“They have shwn that watching, listening t the waves (海浪) r being in the cean helps ur brains slw dwn.”可知，他們已經(jīng)證明，觀察、傾聽海浪或在海洋中可以幫助我們的大腦慢下來。此處提到幫助我們慢下來的大海的聲音，選項F“它們的聲音可以幫助我們放松，擺脫壓力?！狈险Z境，故選F。3.根據(jù)“We g ut a lt mre when we’re n hliday by the sea. We ften becme mre active n hlidays and peple wh live n the cast are usually mre active t.”可知，當(dāng)我們在海邊度假時，我們外出的次數(shù)要多得多。我們經(jīng)常在假期變得更活躍，住在海邊的人通常也更活躍。此處提到在海邊對人們的好處，選項C“在海邊對我們的身體健康也有好處。”符合語境，故選C。4.根據(jù)“Walking n sand requires mre effrt than n the pavement.”可知，在沙灘上行走比在人行道上行走更費力氣。此處提到在沙灘上行走，選項G“如果你在沙灘上散步，這就好多了?！狈险Z境，故選G。5.根據(jù)“We lk frward s much t having ur next ne!”可知，我們非常期待我們的下一次，因為度假的經(jīng)歷很棒，所以期待下一次在海邊度假。選項E“在海邊度假結(jié)束時，我們自然會感覺很棒?！狈险Z境，故選E。
（2023·廣州）閱讀短文及文后A~E選項，選出可以填入1-5各題空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Years ag, green was simply a clr. Nw it’s much mre! In the 1970s, sme peple began t wrry abut what we did t mther Earth. ___1___ It is a big idea that tuches gvernments all ver the wrld, and a small idea that tuches us all in ur hmes.Architects (建筑師) and building engineers are thinking abut hw t make buildings greener. These days, green architecture is becming mre and mre ppular. ____2____We need t be very careful abut the materials (材料) we use. It is better t chse renewable materials-thse that the Earth replaces quickly. ____3____ Als, fr thse materials that are nt renewable, we need t use them as little as pssible. Our mther Earth has ffered us many ther pssibilities, such as wind and slar pwer.Planners must think abut the needs f thse wh will spend time in green buildings. In many cases, green energy is mre cmfrtable fr peple. ____4____ Natural lighting is ften kinder t the eyes than electric lighting. In fact, many peple wh live r wrk in green buildings reprt feeling happier and healthier.____5____ Fr example, they might try t use as little land as pssible. If a building cvers a large area, there will be less space fr plants and trees. They als have t think abut cutting dwn waste and pllutin while the building wrk is ging n.Althugh green buildings are mre expensive t build, they are less expensive t run.
A. Or we can reuse sme materials.B. As a result, green thinking was brn.C. T understand it, we have t lk at three different areas.D. Fr example, natural wind brings peple cleaner and fresher air.E. Architects must cnsider what the building will d t the envirnment.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. E【解析】本文主要介紹綠色建筑。1.根據(jù)“It is a big idea that tuches gvernments all ver the wrld, and a small idea that tuches us all in ur hmes.”可知此處介紹了一個想法，大到影響全世界的政府，小到影響我們每個人的家，結(jié)合下文可知與綠色相關(guān)。故選項B“因此，綠色思維誕生了”符合語境，故選B。
2.根據(jù)“We need t be very careful abut the materials (材料) we use.”及下文可知此處介紹了綠色建筑需要考慮的事情，如使用的材料等。故選項C“為了理解它，我們不得不看到三個區(qū)域”符合語境，故選C。3.根據(jù)“It is better t chse renewable materials-thse that the Earth replaces quickly. ”可知此處介紹的是可再生的材料，接下來也應(yīng)是類似的綠色材料。故選項A“或者我們可以重復(fù)使用一些材料”符合語境，故選A。4.根據(jù)“In many cases, green energy is mre cmfrtable fr peple.”可知此處介紹的是綠色能源，故選項D“例如，自然風(fēng)帶給人們更干凈和更清新的空氣”符合語境，故選D。5.根據(jù)“Fr example, they might try t use as little land as pssible. If a building cvers a large area, there will be less space fr plants and trees. They als have t think abut cutting dwn waste and pllutin while the building wrk is ging n.”可知此處介紹的是綠色建筑對環(huán)境方面的考慮，故選項E“建筑師必須考慮建筑對環(huán)境的影響”符合語境，故選E。
考向二、完成表格題 任務(wù)型閱讀題型大多采用填表形式。該題型往往對答案的字?jǐn)?shù)有所限制，空格里通常要求填入1個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，當(dāng)然有時也會要求考生填入不超過3個或4個單詞，因此，同學(xué)們在答題時，不僅要讀懂文章，知道在哪里尋找答案，還要注意“言簡意賅、切中要害”，用規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)答出所需要點，以確保答案在拼寫、人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時態(tài)等方面“無懈可擊”。由于此題型要求高、難度大，往往成為中考英語的拉分題。若想在中考中獲得理想的成績，對該題型務(wù)必做到讀懂文章，掌握主旨，仔細推敲，尋找關(guān)鍵詞，學(xué)會組織語言寫出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯。表格挖空處是根據(jù)原文中的關(guān)鍵詞句來設(shè)置的，因而答案往往是與原文中出現(xiàn)的詞語或意思相近的詞語，通常情況下有四種設(shè)題方式：
1. 標(biāo)題歸納題：一般位于表格的上欄或左欄，考生可根據(jù)表格下欄或右欄的內(nèi)容及文章段落中主題句和文章大意進行分析，加以概括總結(jié)。2. 細節(jié)理解題：利用表格中所給的信息定位至原文，仔細辨別，尋找答案。3. 推理判斷題：對比表格內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容的差異，根據(jù)語境和邏輯推理得出答案。同義轉(zhuǎn)換題：對比表格內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容的差異，根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)進行詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換，
（2023·浙江金華）閱讀下列短文，在空白處填入與短文內(nèi)容相符的信息，完成閱讀摘記。每空不得超過三個詞。Welcme t Jinhua Science and Technlgy Museum!The museum cvers 11,000 square meters, with fur theme exhibitin halls fr yu t explre. S far, mre than 500, 000 peple have paid a visit since it was pen in 2020. Here fllws what yu can see and d.Life and DevelpmentThe first flr exhibitin hall fcuses n Life and Develpment. Here, yu can learn abut the rigin and develpment f life, fr example, hw ur brain is develping. Yu can als enjy sme pictures abut the animals that have disappeared.Explratin and DiscveryIf yu are interested in physics, the secnd flr is a gd chice. It ffers a gd chance t d sme hands-n activities. Sme physics experiments are als allwed, which help yu better understand different scientific phenmena(現(xiàn)象).
Design and IntelligenceRbt fans will surely be attracted by different rbts n the third flr. Amazingly, the rbts can draw, dance and even play the pian fr yu. Of curse, yu can als play games with them.Earth and UniverseThe hall n the furth flr is abut Earth and Universe, where yu can experience kinds f activities abut universe explratin(探索). The recrds f space explratin will give yu a strng feeling f pride.Mre fun is waiting fr yu! We are pen frm 9:00 am t 4:30 pm, Wednesday t Sunday, clsed n Mnday and Tuesday (except hlidays and festivals). And we stp receiving visitrs by 4:00 pm. Welcme t bk yur free tickets and visit us. Fr mre infrmatin, please call us at 0579—82872222.
【答案】1. 11,000 square meters 2. fr free##fr nthing 3. play games 4. physics 5. Life【解析】本文主要介紹了金華科技館。1.根據(jù)“The museum cvers 11,000 square meters, with fur theme exhibitin halls fr yu t explre.”可知，博物館占地11000平方米，故填11,000 square meters。2.根據(jù)“Welcme t bk yur free tickets and visit us.”可知，門票免費，fr free/nthing“免費”符合句意，故填fr free/nthing。3.根據(jù)“Of curse, yu can als play games with them”可知，可以和機器人玩游戲，play games符合句意，故填play games。4.根據(jù)“Sme physics experiments are als allwed”可知，可以在這里做物理實驗，physics“物理”符合句意，故填physics。5.根據(jù)“Life and Develpment”可知，此處介紹“生活與發(fā)展”的展廳，故填Life。
分析近3年各地市中考英語真題可知，回答問題型閱讀的話題涉及故事類、介紹類、觀點建議類、飲食與健康類、科普知識類、文化風(fēng)俗類及校園生活類。詞數(shù)為200－260詞， 一般情況下，每篇文章設(shè)5個問題， 其中以4個特殊疑問句、1個一般疑問句居多， 少量涉及5個特殊疑問句和3個特殊疑問句、2個一般疑問句。
解題基本步驟1. 先看問題，再讀文章：把握主題，確定方向，摘取有用的材料，舍棄無關(guān)的信息，高效省時。2. 細讀全文，認(rèn)真推敲：細心閱讀與試題有的詞匯、句子或段落，要特別留心一些信息詞。3. 復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案：在找到答案后，應(yīng)將答案帶入問題中，檢查有無矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，則要考慮重選答案。細節(jié)理解題此類題型一般都可以根據(jù)問題中的key wrds在文章中定位信息，找到答案。但在寫答語時需要注意“準(zhǔn)、精、變”，即盡量用原文的關(guān)鍵詞回答，避開不熟悉的句式、詞匯或者詞組，提高準(zhǔn)確度；不要抄原句，要進行簡單扼要地概括精煉；答語的人稱和時態(tài)要與問題的人稱和時態(tài)保持一致。
三 概括主旨題針解答此類試題時，要注意文章或段落的標(biāo)題、開頭與結(jié)尾。另外還要注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞，這可能是主題詞，通過分析主題詞在本文的意義，結(jié)合主題詞在文中的相關(guān)句子，整合出文章或段落的主題句。注意回答一定要言之有理，高度凝練。四 開放性設(shè)問題開放性試題，也叫綜合語言運用。此類試題具有設(shè)問的開放性、思維的多向度和答案的多元化等特點。設(shè)問特點是多層次、多角度地設(shè)問，學(xué)生可以從不同角度來回答。答案是多元的，答案只要符合邏輯，語法正確都可以得分，答案不是唯一的。針對此類題型，先閱讀找要點，組織要點。思考給出自己的觀點。（主觀+客觀）
（2023·江蘇連云港）One day, a yung by named Zhang Liang was walking alng a bridge. He saw an ld man sitting there. One f the ld man’s shes was left under the bridge.“G ver there and get my she, yung by!” the ld man rdered. Zhang Liang felt surprised, but he still picked it up fr the ld man. The ld man said, “Five days later, please cme t meet me at the bridge early in the mrning.”Five days later, Zhang Liang went there as prmised. But the ld man came there befre him. The ld man gt angry abut his lazy habit.Zhang Liang was asked t cme again. The next day, Zhang Liang arrived earlier than befre. But the ld man was still befre him. The ld man became much angrier and asked him t get there again the next mrning.This time, Zhang Liang arrived at the bridge late at night. He spent the whle night there. When the ld man came the next early mrning, he was happy t find Zhang Liang there earlier than him.The ld man ndded with a smile and gave Zhang Liang a valuable bk. Zhang Liang read the bk carefully day and night and learned many skills frm it. Many years later, he became a wise general (將軍) and made great achievements.
66. Where did Zhang Liang get ne f the ld man’s shes?______________________________________________________67. Wh came t the bridge first five days later?______________________________________________________68. Why was the ld man angry with Zhang Liang?______________________________________________________69. What did the ld man give Zhang Liang at last?______________________________________________________70. What can we learn frm Zhang Liang?______________________________________________________
【答案】66. Under the bridge. 67. The ld man./The ld man came first. 68. Because f his lazy habit./His lazy habit./Because Zhang Liang was late./Because Zhang Liang came late./Because Zhang Liang arrived late./Zhang Liang gt there late./Zhang Liang came after him./Zhang Liang arrived after him. 69. A valuable bk. 70. Never give up./Dn’t give up./Be plite t the elderly./Be hard-wrking./Be patient./Be helpful./Wrk hard./Study hard.【解析】本文主要講述了“張良拾履”的故事，告訴我們耐心和容忍是成功所必備的德行，而一個人的美德就是從細微的小事中體現(xiàn)出來的。66.“One f the ld man’s shes was left under the bridge.”可知老人的一只鞋被留在橋下了。故填Under the bridge.67.根據(jù)“Five days later, Zhang Liang went there as prmised. But the ld man came there befre him.”可知五天后老人先來到橋上。故填The ld man./The ld man came first.68.根據(jù)“Five days later, Zhang Liang went there as prmised. But the ld man came there befre him. The ld man gt angry abut his lazy habit.”可知是因為張良懶惰的習(xí)慣/來晚了/在老人之后來的。故填Because f his lazy habit./His lazy habit./Because Zhang Liang was late./Because Zhang Liang came late./Because Zhang Liang arrived late./Zhang Liang gt there late./Zhang Liang came after him./Zhang Liang arrived after him.69.根據(jù)“The ld man ndded with a smile and gave Zhang Liang a valuable bk”可知老人給了張良一本珍貴的書。故填A(yù) valuable bk.70.開放性作答，結(jié)合文章，言之有理即可。參考答案為Never give up./Dn’t give up./Be plite t the elderly./Be hard-wrking./Be patient./Be helpful./Wrk hard./Study hard.
（2023·湖北黃石）閱讀短文，回答問題。Humans share the Earth with all kinds f wildlife and have lived in peace with them fr thusands f years.Many f ur animal friends may nt be arund fr much lnger, hwever, and many f them are in great danger. Accrding t a study, the ppulatins f animals including mammals (哺乳動物), birds and fish have fallen by an average f 60 percent since 1970. What’s wrse, a study in 2014 fund that species (物種) are dying ut 1,000 times faster than nrmal.Sadly, it is because f humans that animals are in this situatin nw. By increasing human develpment, we may end up seriusly harming the envirnment n which animals live and depend. Human develpment has caused pllutin in ceans and three quarters f the wrld’s land t be affected (影響). The balance between animals and their ecsystems has been greatly harmed by humans.Luckily, many peple have realized that ur actin in fact des harm t animals, risking ur wn lives as a result, s effective steps have been quickly taken t save bth these endangered animals as well as urselves. The Wrld Wildlife Fund has called n gvernments and businesses t prtect nature. In China, many natural reserves (保護區(qū)) have been built up and harmful behavir such as selling rhin hrns (犀牛角), tiger bnes and ivry has been banned (禁止).Peple have been taking steps in the right directin, which is encuraging news. The numbers f many animals have increased. The prtectin f animals still has a lng way t g. In the end, t prtect animals is t prtect urselves, and we shuld spare n effrt tward living in harmny (和諧) with nature.
31. What d humans share with wildlife accrding t the passage?______________________________________________________________________32. In paragraph 2, hw many studies are mentined abut the danger wildlife is in?______________________________________________________________________33. Wh is respnsible fr the current (目前的) situatin?______________________________________________________________________34. What has China dne t save the endangered wildlife?______________________________________________________________________35. What is the writer’s purpse f writing the passage?______________________________________________________________________
【答案】31. Sharing the Earth. 32. Tw. 33. Humans. 34. In China, many natural reserves have been built up and harmful behavir such as selling rhin hrns, tiger bnes and ivry has been banned. 35. T tell/call n peple t prtect animals and live in harmny with nature.【解析】本文主要介紹了人類的活動造成了野生動物的數(shù)量在減少，作者號召人們保護動物，與自然和諧相處。31.根據(jù)“Humans share the Earth with all kinds f wildlife”可知人類與各種野生動物共享地球。故填Sharing the Earth.32.根據(jù)“Accrding t a ’s wrse, a study in 2014”可知此處提到了兩個研究。故填Tw.33.根據(jù)“Sadly, it is because f humans that animals are in this situatin nw”可知正是因為人類，動物現(xiàn)在才處于這種境地。故填Humans.34.根據(jù)“In China, many natural reserves (保護區(qū)) have been built up and harmful behavir such as selling rhin hrns (犀牛角), tiger bnes and ivry has been banned (禁止).”可知在中國，已經(jīng)建立了許多自然保護區(qū)，并禁止出售犀牛角、虎骨和象牙等有害行為。故填I(lǐng)n China, many natural reserves have been built up and harmful behavir such as selling rhin hrns, tiger bnes and ivry has been banned.35.通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了人類的活動造成了野生動物的數(shù)量在減少，作者號召人們保護動物，與自然和諧相處。故填T tell/call n peple t prtect animals and live in harmny with nature.
近幾年，任務(wù)型閱讀這一新題型逐步進入中考題。任務(wù)型閱讀主要考查學(xué)生實際運用語言的能力。它要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上完成某些任務(wù)，考查學(xué)生的判斷推理能力。 1. 中心歸納題中心歸納題屬于綜合概括題，主要位于表格的標(biāo)題處。這類題要求考生在弄懂全文的內(nèi)容后，抓住文章的中心，然后對中心進行高度濃縮、概括，從而成為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的標(biāo)題。由于詞數(shù)被限制在幾個單詞以內(nèi)，因此這類題難度較大。考生必須具備對文章進行綜合分析、歸納概括以及準(zhǔn)確表達的能力。這類試題在考題中通常只占一題。
2. 段意概括題段意概括題屬于分析表達題，主要位于表格的左邊欄。這類題主要考查考生對文章體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識及用語言文字的表達能力。如果文章是說明文，那么它的主題是什么？它的目的是什么？作者用什么方式、從哪幾個方面進行介紹、說明的？作者通過介紹、說明得出了什么樣的結(jié)論？作者提出了什么樣的建議或希望？如果文章是議論文，那么文章的論點是什么？作者用什么方法、從哪些方面進行論證的？最后得出了什么樣的結(jié)論？對于考生來說，這類試題有一定的難度，考生必須平時注意對文章進行分析，同時還應(yīng)多熟記一些概括性的詞匯，如：purpse/aim/gal; tpic/theme; suggestin/advice; type/kind; way/means/methd; effect/result; cause/reasn; feature/characteristic; functin/use; cmment/assessment等。這類試題在考題中一般占2―3題。
3. 功能理解題功能理解題屬于理解表達題。這類題主要考查考生對句子、信息在文章中所起作用的理解?？忌荒苤煌Ａ粼趯渥幼置嬉馑嫉睦斫猓鴳?yīng)該透過現(xiàn)象抓住句子、信息的本質(zhì)，即它與前后信息的聯(lián)系，它們之間究竟是什么樣的關(guān)系，如因果、條件、讓步、比較等。這類試題在考題中通常占2―3題。
4. 信息壓縮及改寫題信息壓縮及改寫題屬于活用題?？忌灰ㄗx全文，就能在文章中找到與試題相關(guān)的信息，但是由于所給的信息往往過長，考生必須對這些信息進行再次加工，將信息壓縮、改寫成不超過三個單詞的短語。如The by is eight years ld這一信息可考慮改寫為an eight-year-ld by。這類試題在考題中占2—3題。5. 信息獲取題信息獲取題屬于基礎(chǔ)題?？忌贿呴喿x文章就能一邊從文章中直接找出試題的相關(guān)信息，并且不需要任何加工就可將它直接作為試題的答案。這類試題在考題中占2―3題。
（2023·山東濰坊）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文后的要求答題。The Earth’s ging n a trip nce again! Whether yu have watched The Wandering Earth (流浪地球) in 2019 r nt, the name must be well-knwn t yu. Since it was China’s first science fictin (科幻) film, the cinemas were sn s crwded when it was n. The Wandering Earth Ⅱ came ut n the first day f the Lunar New Year in 2023. It has becme the newest hit. As a prequel (前篇) t The Wandering Earth in 2019, the new mvie describes the fact that humans are in danger f dying ut fr sme reasns. T survive, they make different plans. Finally, they decide t build tens f thusands f huge engines n the surface f the Earth. They plan t drive the Earth t the nearest slar system. The mvie shws hw humans fight against disasters (災(zāi)難). In rder t save the Earth, a grup f yung peple have t step frward t start a race against time fr life and death. “The creatrs f The Wandering Earth Ⅱ are very similar t the characters in the mvie. Their great curage and creative spirit are the engine t push the ‘planet’ f science fictin int the future,” said Liu Cixin, writer f the stry The Wandering Earth and the nvel The Three-bdy Prblem. “We all knw that China’s science fictin still has a lng way t g. Luckily, there are a grup f peple wh are wrking very hard fr it.”Frm The Wandering Earth fur years ag t this year’s prequel, directr Gu Fan always hpe peple can remember the idea expressed in them. Because f the lve fr ur hmeland, we wn’t escape frm the Earth in a spaceship, but chse t wander with the planet at last.
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問題39. Why was The Wandering Earth in 2019 s ppular? _____________________________________________40. What des The Wandering Earth Ⅱ shw us? _____________________________________________41. What are the creatrs and the characters f the mvie like in Paragraph 3? _____________________________________________42. Please translate the underlined sentence int Chinese. (請將文中劃線句子翻譯成漢語) _____________________________________________43. In The Wandering Earth Ⅱ, humans are in danger f dying ut fr sme reasns. Please imagine and write ut tw reasns. (請展開想象并寫出兩條合理的原因) (1) _____________________________________________(2) _____________________________________________
【答案】39. Because it was China’s first science fictin film. 40. It shws us hw humans fight against disasters. 41. Brave/Curageus and creative. 42. 因為對自己祖國的熱愛，我們不會乘坐宇宙飛船逃離地球，而是最終選擇與地球一起流浪。 43. ①. It is t ht fr plants t grw. ②. Nature resurces are almst used up.
【解析】本文介紹了《流浪地球》這部電影，進一步表達對中國科幻電影未來的希望。39.根據(jù)“Since it was China’s first science fictin (科幻) film, the cinemas were sn s crwded when it was n.”可知《流浪地球》是中國第一部科幻電影，所以很流行。故填Because it was China’s first science fictin film.40.根據(jù)“As a prequel (前篇) t The Wandering Earth in 2019, the new mvie describes the fact that humans are in danger f dying ut fr sme mvie shws hw humans fight against disasters (災(zāi)難).”可知《流浪地球2》展示了人們?nèi)绾螌篂?zāi)難。故填I(lǐng)t shws us hw humans fight against disasters.41.根據(jù)“The creatrs f The Wandering Earth II are very similar t the characters in the mvie. Their great curage and creative spirit are the engine t push the ‘planet’ f science fictin int the future”可知《流浪地球2》的創(chuàng)作者與電影中的角色非常相似。他們的勇氣和創(chuàng)造精神是推動科幻小說“星球”走向未來的引擎。故填Brave/Curageus and f因為；lve愛；hmeland家鄉(xiāng)；escape逃脫；Earth地球；in the spaceship坐宇宙飛船；chse選擇；wander漫步；at last最后。故填：因為對自己祖國的熱愛，我們不會乘坐宇宙飛船逃離地球，而是最終選擇與地球一起流浪。43.本文是開放新試題，給出人們要滅絕的原因，參考答案：太熱不適合植物生長/自然資源幾乎用完了。故填I(lǐng)t is t ht fr plants t grw.；Nature resurces are almst used up.

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