第04講名詞和There be 句型-【寒假自學(xué)課】2025年七年級英語寒假提升精品講義（人教版2024）-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

名詞
考點一名詞的數(shù)
名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞是指能用數(shù)目來計算，表示可以分成個體的人或事物的名詞，有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。
名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化：
名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的不規(guī)則變化：
不可數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來計算，表示不可以分成個體的物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名詞。如果想要表達(dá)“量”的變化，在前面可以加上一些表示數(shù)量的短語。如: a glass f warm water一杯溫水; tw cups f cffee 兩杯咖啡; sme milk 一些牛奶。
常見的不可數(shù)名詞有：
【考點再現(xiàn)】單項選擇。
( )1. Hw many ________ wuld yu like?
A. pear B. bread C. milk D. pencils
( )2. There are 34 ________ dctrs in the hspital.
A. wman B. wmen C. wman's D. wmen's
( )3. My father has ________ fr breakfast.
A. tw piece f bread B. tw pieces f bread
C. tw piece f breads D. tw pieces f breads
考點二名詞所有格
名詞所有格是指名詞中表示所屬關(guān)系的形式。名詞所有格有兩種形式：一種是以“’s”結(jié)尾，多用來修飾有生命的東西；另一種是由 f構(gòu)成，即在介詞 f 后面加名詞，多用來修飾沒有生命的東西。
名詞后面加上“’s”或“’”
二、f所有格
表示無生命東西的所有格，一般由名詞與f構(gòu)成短語。如:a pht f my family我家的一張全家福;the clur f the skirt 這條短裙的顏色。
名詞所有格口訣
一般名詞后加’s，這種情況最常見。
兩者共有添后邊，各有各添記心間。
復(fù)數(shù)名詞有s，后面只把’來添。
名詞若是無生命， f結(jié)構(gòu)來相連。
注意點：有時我們可以用“名詞+f+名詞所有格”
構(gòu)成雙重所有格形式。如: sme pictures f Jack’s 杰克的一些圖片。
【考點再現(xiàn)】
1．These are ________ chairs.
A．Tim and Tm’sB．Tim’s and Tm’sC．Tim’s and Tm
2．What’s ________ favurite clur?
A．yur mtherB．yur mther’sC．yurs mther
3．—Dad, is this ________ vlleyball?
—N, ________ is in that bx.
A．Bill; hisB．Bill’s; hisC．Bill; he
There be 句型
There be句型表示某處存在某物/某人。
如：There is a bk n the desk.
↓ ↓
某物某處
翻譯：書桌上有一本書。
考點一 There be句型結(jié)構(gòu)
There is+a/an 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+地點狀語.
There is an apple n the tree. 樹上有一個蘋果。
There is a map n the wall. 墻上有一張地圖。
There are+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+地點狀語.
There are fur apples n the tree. 樹上有四個蘋果。
There are sme flwers in the park. 公園里有許多花。
There is + 不可數(shù)名詞 +地點狀語.
There is sme water in the bttle.瓶子里有一些水。
(水是不可數(shù)名詞,即使有sme, be動詞也是單數(shù))
【考點再現(xiàn)】單項選擇。
( ) 1. There ________sme water in the bttle.
A. isB. areC. haveD. be
( ) 2. There ________a pencil and many pens in Tm's schlbag.
A. isB. areC. haveD. be
考點二 There be 句型的否定形式
例1：There is a bk n the desk.(改為否定句)
→There is nt/isn't a bk n the desk.
例2：There are sme bks n the desk.(改為否定句)
→There aren't any bks n the desk.
例3：There are five apples n the tree.(改為否定句)
→There are nt five apples n the tree.
【考點再現(xiàn)】
There ________ any eggs in the fridge. I need t buy sme.
A．a(chǎn)reB．a(chǎn)ren’tC．haven’tD．isn’t
考點三 There be 句型疑問句及回答
一般疑問句
把be動詞調(diào)整到句首，再在句尾加上問號即可。
當(dāng)肯定句中有sme時，要改為any(否定變化也一樣)。
例如：There is sme water n Mars.(改為一般疑問句)
→Is there any water n Mars?
There are sme fish in the water.(改為一般疑問句)
→Are there any fish in the water?
There be句型的回答
肯定回答：Yes, there is/are.
否定回答: N, there isn’t/aren’t.
特殊疑問句
提問There be 句型的特殊疑問句形式有以下三種變化：
對主語提問：
①當(dāng)主語是人時，用“Wh”提問；
②當(dāng)主語是物時，用“What”。
注意：無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，提問時一般都用be的單數(shù)形式，回答時根據(jù)實際情況來決定。
例1：There are many things ver there.(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)
→What's ver there?
例2：There is a little girl in the rm.(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)
→Wh is in the rm?
對地點提問：提問地點用“Where is/are+主語”。
There is a cmputer n the desk.(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)
→Where is the cmputer？
對數(shù)量提問：
①Hw many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+地點短語?
②Hw much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+地點短語?
例1：There are tw chairs in the bedrm.(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)
→Hw many chairs are there in the bedrm?
There is sme water in the bttle.(對劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)
→Hw much water is there in the bttle?
【考點再現(xiàn)】
—Is there a supermarket arund the ld street?
—________. I ften g shpping there.
A．Yes, there isB．N, there isn’tC．Yes, there areD．N, there aren’t
考點四 There be 句型與have/has的區(qū)別
結(jié)構(gòu)不同：
There be + 名詞 +其它.
主語 + have/has + 其它.
意義不同
there be側(cè)重表示“存在”
have/has側(cè)重表示“持有/擁有”
兩者不可混用
(×) There is have
(×) There have are
試對比以下句子：
There are sme apples in the bx.盒子里有一些蘋果。
We have sme apples.我們有一些蘋果。
There is a dg under the desk.書桌下有一只狗。
My mther has a dg.我媽媽有一只狗。
【考點再現(xiàn)】
Lk, ___________ many restaurants in frnt f the bank.
A．has .B．have C．there is D．there are
1．We need sme ________ and tw ________.
A．bananas; cup f milk B．bananas; cups f milk C．banana; milkD．banana; milks
2．—I want t write a letter. Can yu give me sme ________, please?
—Sure. Here yu are.
A．penB．paperC．mneyD．nte
3．—Culd yu give me _________ milk, Mum?
—Srry, we nly have ________ in the fridge.
A．a(chǎn)ny; tw bttles f rangesB．a(chǎn)ny; tw bttles f range juice
C．sme; tw bttles f ranges juiceD．sme; tw bttles f range juice
4．—May I help yu, sir?
—________, please.
A．Sme beef and tw glass f waterB．Sme beef and tw glass f waters
C．Sme beef and tw glasses f waterD．Sme beef and tw glasses f waters
5．—What can I d fr yu, sir?
—I’d like tw ________. We all like them.
A．bwls f ricesB．bxes f applesC．cartn f milkD．glasses f ranges
6．There is nly a little ________ in the fridge. That’s nt enugh fr breakfast.
A．a(chǎn)ppleB．milkC．eggD．vegetable
7．Hw many ________ d yu want fr yur hamburger?
A．piece f cheeseB．pieces f cheesesC．pieces f cheeseD．piece f cheeses
8．This is Mrs. Green. She is ________ mm.
A．Susan and LilyB．Susan and Lily’s
C．Susan’s and LilyD．Susan’s and Lily’s
9．The red dress n the chair isn’t ________. Her dress is yellw.
A．Lucy’B．LucyC．Lucy’sD．her
10．I played ping-png with a friend f ________.
A．myB．mineC．herD．ur
11．The tw bags aren’t _______. They are _______.
A．urs; Lucy and Lily’sB．ur; Lucy and Lily’s
C．ur; Lucy’s and Lily’sD．urs; Lucy’s and Lily’s
12．This man in red is a friend f _______.
A．my fatherB．my father’sC．my fathers’D．my fathers’s
13．—Is this ________ rm, Bb?
—N. It is ________.
A．yu; Tm and Jim’sB．yur; Tm’s and Jim’sC．yur; Tm and Jim’s
14．—Thse tennis rackets are cl! Whse are they?
—They’re my ______. She plays tennis well.
A．father’sB．sister’sC．brther’sD．grandparents’
15．—Are there any students in the playgrund?
—________. All f them are in the classrm.
A．Yes, there areB．N, there aren’t
C．Yes, they areD．N, they aren’t
16．—Is there a blue pen n yur desk?
—N, ________.
A．it isB．it isn’tC．there isD．there isn’t
17．—What’s in yur bag?
—________ tw bks and a pen.
A．They’reB．There’reC．There have
18．There ________ a freign teacher and sme students talking abut Chinese tea.
A．hasB．haveC．a(chǎn)reD．is
19．There ________ a ruler and tw erasers in the pencil case.
A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．hasD．have
20．— Will there ________ a ftball match n CCTV5 this evening?
— Yes. There ________ usually ftball matches n Sunday evenings.
A．have; areB．be; areC．a(chǎn)re; haveD．be; will be
真題感知
1．（2024·西藏·中考真題）________ father wrks in the plice statin.
A．Eric and Helen’sB．Eric and HelenC．Eric’s and HelenD．Eric’s and Helen’s
2．（2023·湖南邵陽·中考真題）—What animals did yu see n the farm, Tm?
—I saw sme ________.
A．rabbitB．ducksC．sheeps
3．（2023·湖南郴州·中考真題）My parents tk me t the amusement park n ________ Day. There were s many exciting things t d there.
A．Children’sB．ChildrenC．Child’s
4．（2023·湖南岳陽·中考真題）Yueyang is ne f the tp 10 mst beautiful ________ in China this year.
A．cityB．citiesC．citys
5．（2022·西藏·中考真題）Mre and mre ________ want t learn abut Chinese culture.
A．GermansB．GermanC．GermanyD．Germans’
6．（2022·湖南益陽·中考真題）Lk! There are sme ________ eating grass n the hill.
A．sheepB．cwC．hrse
7．（2023·廣西來賓·中考真題）—There are many ________ abut this farm.
—Yes, lts f ________ are planted n it.
A．pht; ptatB．phts; ptatsC．phts; ptatesD．phtes; ptates
8．（2023·廣東清遠(yuǎn)·中考真題）I’m s hungry. Please give me ________ t eat.
A．three breadsB．three pieces f breads C．three pieces f bread D．three piece f bread
9．（2023·湖南懷化·中考真題）________ rm lks very clean.
A．Bb and Dave’sB．Bb’s and Dave’sC．Bb’s and Dave
10．（2023·湖南湘西·中考真題）—Hw much hney d we need?
—Let’s see. Tw ________.
A．spns f hneyB．spn f hneysC．spns f hneys
11．（2023·廣西百色·中考真題）Uncle Li has a farm, there are sme________ n the farm.
A．chicken and sheepB．chickens and sheeps
C．chickens and sheepD．chicken and sheeps
12．（2023·西藏·中考真題）Walking alng the river, I met a friend f ________.
A．fathersB．father’sC．fatherD．fathers’
13．（2022·湖南邵陽·中考真題）— Wuld yu like sme ________?
— Yes, madam.
A．eggB．juiceC．milk teas
14．（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·中考真題）The ________ is China’s natinal treasure. It’s a kind f cute animal that likes eating bamb.
A．pandaB．tigerC．elephant
15．（2024·吉林長春·中考真題）—There ________ many ancient Chinese pems in this bk. Which ne d yu like best?
—Climbing a Twer by Wang Zhihuan.
A．a(chǎn)reB．isC．wereD．was
16．（2024·黑龍江綏化·中考真題）Lk! There ________ sme infrmatin abut traffic rules in this bk.
A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．was
17．（2024·甘肅白銀·中考真題）—Oh, n! Yur brther left his umbrella at hme. There ________ heavy rain this afternn.
—Dn’t wrry, Mm. I’ll bring it t him.
A．wasB．has beenC．a(chǎn)reD．will be
18．（2023·遼寧撫順·中考真題）Lk! There ________ sme infrmatin abut traffic safety in this bk.
A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wasD．were
19．（2023·西藏·中考真題）There ________ a clear lake in my city.
A．beB．a(chǎn)mC．isD．a(chǎn)re
20．（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）There ________ many mdern high-speed railways in Jiangsu and they help peple travel easily.
A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wasD．were
提升專練
1．There is a lt f ________ and three ________ n the table in the kitchen.
A．dumpling; chickenB．ptates; eggplants
C．rice; chickenD．rice; eggplants
2．I saw several (幾個) ________ there.
A．fxB．fxesC．fxs
3．There are fur ________ and five ________ in the grup.
A．Japanese; GermanB．Chinese; JapaneseC．Germans; American
4．I want tw ________.
A．cups f teaB．cup f teaC．cups f teas
5．—Hw far (多遠(yuǎn)) is it frm yur hme t schl?
—It’s nly ten ________ walk.
A．minute’sB．minutesC．minutes’
6．—Why d yu buy s ________?
—Because they’re cheap. Yu shuld get sme t.
A．many tmatesB．much bananasC．many breadD．much salt
7．—________ meat d yu want, Mrs Wilsn?
—Three and a half ________.
A．Hw many; kils B．Hw many; kil C．Hw much; kilsD．Hw much; kil
8．—Gd mrning, Madam. Can I help yu?
—Sure, I’d like ________ fr cking vegetables.
A．tw cups f tea B．three pieces f bread C．five kils f il D．fur bttles f milk
9．Wuld yu like ________?
A．sme range juices B．a(chǎn)ny ranges juices C．a(chǎn)ny range juicesD．sme range juice
10．—Daniel, what wuld yu like fr yur supper?
—I’d like t buy sme _______ and tw_______.
A．ptates; kils f beefs B．ptat; kils f beef C．tmates; kils f beefD．tmat; kils f beefs
11．Mr.Black is ________father.
A．Mary and Cindy B．Mary’s and Cindy C．Mary and Cindy’sD．Mary’s and Cindy’s
12．—Dad, is this ________ basketball?
—N, ________ is in that bx.
A．Bill; hisB．Bill’s; hisC．Bill; he
13．—A beautiful farm!
—It’s my ________. And he has many animals n the farm.
A．uncle’sB．unclesC．uncles’
14．These are ________ mthers.
A．Tm’s and Jerry’sB．Tm and Jerry’sC．Tm’s and Jerry
15．There ________ a big park and sme bkshps near my hme.
A．hasB．haveC．isD．a(chǎn)re
16．There ______ sme ld huses near my schl last year.
A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wasD．were
17．—What’s n the wall?
—________a guitar.
A．It isB．This isC．There is
18．There ________ a cartn festival in Shanghai next Saturday.
A．is ging t haveB．will haveC．haveD．is ging t be
19．Hw many members ______ in yur reading grup?
A．a(chǎn)re thereB．there isC．is thereD．there are
20．—Is there a supermarket arund the ld street?
—________. I ften g shpping there.
A．Yes, there isB．N, there isn’tC．Yes, there areD．N, there aren’t
考點聚焦：核心考點+中考考點，有的放矢
重點速記：知識點和關(guān)鍵點梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺
難點強(qiáng)化：難點內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升
學(xué)以致用：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破
情況
改法
例詞
一般情況
加 s
dg→dgs; hen→hens
以 s、x、ch、sh 結(jié)尾的名詞
加 es
bus→buses; bx→bxes; watch→watches
以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞
變y為 i再加es
baby→babies; family→families
以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞
加s
mnkey→mnkeys; ty→tys
以f 或 fe結(jié)尾的名詞
變f或fe為 v,再加es
knife→knives; wlf→wlves
以“元音字母+”結(jié)尾的名詞
加s
z→zs; radi→radis
以“輔音字母+”結(jié)尾的(有生命)名詞
加 es
tmat→tmates; ptat→ptates
改法
例詞
單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同
deer→deer; sheep→sheep;
fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese;
Japanese→Japanese
改變單詞中的元音字母
man→men; wman→wmen;
ft→feet; tth→teeth;
gse→geese
在詞尾加上en或者ren
x→xen; child→children
復(fù)合名詞
主要詞改復(fù)數(shù)
apple tree→apple trees
含man 或wman的,前后都改復(fù)數(shù)
man teacher→men teachers
完全沒有規(guī)律可循
muse→mice
液體不可數(shù)
water, milk, tea, juice, glue, rain, cffee, sup, il
固體不可數(shù)
bread, rice, paper, snw, meat, beef, fd, fruit, salad, salt, cal, wd, plastic
其他抽象名詞
news, wind, energy, weather, health, time, hmewrk
思路點撥：例題主要考查可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則以及不可數(shù)名詞的形式。
1.由many可知后面必須接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，需要分清哪些詞是可數(shù)名詞，哪些詞是不可數(shù)名詞，以及牢固掌握可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。此題中B、C項為不可數(shù)名詞， A項為可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式， D項為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故選 D。
2.由數(shù)字34 可知后面接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果 wman修飾后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示其性別，則前后兩個名詞都必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。wman屬于不規(guī)則變化，它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是 wmen, 故選 B。
3.不可數(shù)名詞需要計量時，可以用“數(shù)詞或冠詞+計量名詞+ f + 不可數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)，量詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，但f后的名詞需要用原形。bread是不可數(shù)名詞, 用a piece f修飾, 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時, 改數(shù)詞和量詞, 其余不變, 故選 B。
答案1. D 2. B 3. B
單詞形式
所有格添加方法
舉例
不以s結(jié)尾的名詞
加’s
that girl's cat那個女孩的外套
Mike's family邁克的家人
以 s 或 es結(jié)尾的(復(fù)數(shù))名詞
加’
Teachers’ Day教師節(jié)
the bys’ teacher這些男孩的老師
不以 s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞
加’s
the children’s tys孩子們的玩具 Wmen's Day婦女節(jié)
兩人或兩人以上共有的
只需在最后一個名詞后加’s即可
Tm and Mike's Chinese teacher 湯姆和邁克的中文老師
兩人或兩人以上各自擁有的
在每個名詞后加’s
Tm's and Mike's Chinese teachers 湯姆和邁克(各自擁有的)的中文老師
思路點撥：例題主要考查名詞所有格。
1.句意：這些是Tim和Tm的椅子。
考查名詞所有格。此空修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞chairs，表示各自擁有，需要在每個人名后加’s，故選B。
2.句意：你媽媽最喜歡的顏色是什么？
考查名詞所有格以及代詞辨析。yur你的，形容詞性物主代詞；yurs你的，名詞性物主代詞。修飾名詞mther，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞yur，排除C選項。修飾名詞clur，應(yīng)用名詞所有格，故選B。
3.句意：——爸爸，這是比爾的排球嗎？——不，他的在那個盒子里。
考查名詞所有格和代詞辨析。his他的；he他。第一空是作定語，需用Bill的所有格形式，排除AC項；第二空是指他的排球，應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞his，故選B。
答案1. B 2. B 3. B
注意：就近原則
There be句型中，幾個名詞并列時，be的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由最近名詞單復(fù)數(shù)決定。如：
There are tw bys and a girl under the tree.
(tw bys 最靠近be動詞)
There is a girl and tw bys under the tree.
(a girl 最靠近be動詞)
思路點撥：例題考查There be句型中be動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)。在做題時，要注意根據(jù)主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式來確定 be動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)。
1.本題中的主語 sme water為不可數(shù)名詞, 所以be動詞應(yīng)用is。另外, 要注意There be句型不能與 have 共用。
2.本題中的主語是a pencil and many pens。當(dāng)句中有兩個或更多的主語時, 謂語be動詞要和最靠近它的主語保持一致，所以be 動詞應(yīng)用is。
答案 1. A 2. A
There be句型的否定：
★ 在be后面加nt即可，is nt =isn’t，are nt= aren’t
注意：句中如果出現(xiàn)sme則改成any.
思路點撥：例題主要考查There be句型否定句。
句意：冰箱里沒有雞蛋了。我需要買一些。
考查There be句型。are是，用于第二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)在時，第一、三人稱復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)在時；aren’t不是，用于第二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)在時，第一、三人稱復(fù)數(shù)現(xiàn)在時；haven’t沒有；isn’t不是，be動詞的三單形式。根據(jù)any 和“I need t buy sme.”可知，此處表示否定；there be句型中be動詞的數(shù)遵循“就近原則”，eggs是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以此處用aren’t。故選B。
思路點撥：例題主要考查There be 句型的一般疑問句。
句意：——老街附近有超市嗎？——是的，有。我經(jīng)常去那里購物。
考查there be句型的一般疑問句。根據(jù)“Is there a supermarket arund the ld street?”和“I ften g shpping there.”可知，此處為there be句型，且應(yīng)進(jìn)行肯定回答，be動詞為is，其肯定回答結(jié)構(gòu)為“Yes, there is.”。故選A。
答案 A
思路點撥：例題主要考查There be句型與have/has的區(qū)別。
句意：看，銀行前面有很多餐館。
考查There be句型。根據(jù)“ restaurants in frnt f the bank.”可知，銀行前面有很多餐館，需用there be句型，表示“某地有某物”。主語many restaurants是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，be動詞用are。故選D。
答案 D

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