語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目(一)　冠　詞　　冠詞是高考語(yǔ)法填空的常考點(diǎn)，經(jīng)?？疾椴欢ü谠~a、an和定冠詞the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，空后有名詞且兩者搭配在一起表示泛指含義時(shí)，要考慮不定冠詞a/an；有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、表示特指或特指意義的比較級(jí)等形式時(shí)，要考慮定冠詞the；空處前后的詞與冠詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配要牢記。
如何判定填冠詞[典例呈現(xiàn)](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse walks visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr 61._________ first time.
[解析]　第一步：確定是否填冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后有名詞time。第二步：判斷是特指還是泛指。fr the first time是固定搭配，意為“第一次”。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]第一步：確定是否填冠詞　　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看空后是否有名詞。第二步：判斷是特指還是泛指1．若空后有可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，搭配后表示泛指時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用不定冠詞a/an；2．若空后有名詞，搭配后表示特指時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用定冠詞the；3．看看是不是固定搭配。
考法　冠詞的基本用法[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The meat shuld be fresh with _________ tuch f sweetness, and the surrunding sup ht, clear and delicius.a　考查冠詞。a tuch f是固定搭配，意為“少許、微量”。
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)In cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple f Heaven, the hutngs reflect _________ culture f grassrts Beijingers.the　考查冠詞。根據(jù)名詞culture后面的介詞短語(yǔ)f grassrts Beijingers可知，此處culture表示特指概念，應(yīng)用定冠詞the修飾。
3．(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)_________ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip. A　考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處泛指“他的一個(gè)朋友”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，friend的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用a，空處位于句首，首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。
4．(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Cvering an area abut three times _________ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. the　考查冠詞。此處用the，構(gòu)成倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)＋the size f＋名詞。
5．(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)_________ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt. The　考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處要填寫(xiě)冠詞與Brwn family 構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)?！皌he＋姓氏”意為“某某一家人”，the符合句意。空處位于句首，首字母應(yīng)該大寫(xiě)。
6．(2024·浙江卷1月)Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets have started selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份). Then, when yu use ne sectin, _________ ther stays fresh.the　考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后省略了名詞sectin。the ther意為“另一個(gè)”，為固定搭配，空處應(yīng)用定冠詞。
7．(2024·青島二模)Watching Liu wrk is _________ visual delight. a　考查冠詞。此處為抽象名詞具體化，空后的delight意為“令人享受的事情”，表泛指，visual的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a修飾。
8．(2024·惠州二模)Using shrt vides ver new media platfrms t prmte turism has becme _________ effective publicity channel. an　考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“一個(gè)有效的宣傳渠道”，故前要加不定冠詞表示單數(shù)概念，因空后effective的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，故用不定冠詞an。
9．(2024·江蘇五地第三次調(diào)研)They have _________ better flavr than the later batches which can be grwn vernight.a　考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“一個(gè)更好的口味”，為泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞來(lái)修飾，且better的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用a。
10．(2024·株洲一模)One day, when we lk up at the sky, we may find that many satellites in _________ vast universe are lking back at us.the　考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空后universe 為名詞，vast universe意為“浩瀚的宇宙”。此處表示唯一性，故用定冠詞the。
11．(2024·婁底模擬)At the age f 27, she was named an inheritr (傳承人) f Hua'er, becming _________ yungest inheritr f this traditinal art at the time. the　考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示最高級(jí)，應(yīng)用the來(lái)修飾。
12．(2024·十堰4月調(diào)研)After that talk with his mther, Jhn set abut making the effrt t learn the art frm and hped t change _________ idea that men culdn't learn embridery. the　考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，約翰希望改變的是“男人不能學(xué)習(xí)刺繡”這一觀(guān)念，句中idea表特指，前面應(yīng)加定冠詞the。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．兩個(gè)口訣巧判用the還是a/an(1)用定冠詞the的情況：特指雙方熟悉，上文已提及，世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二，專(zhuān)有名詞、西洋樂(lè)器、序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)前；(2)用不定冠詞a/an的情況：泛指一類(lèi)人或物，與ne同義表“一”，和序數(shù)詞一起表“又一、再一”。
2．五種可能填冠詞的情況(1)填不定冠詞a/an的情況：①a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；②a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。(2)填定冠詞the的情況：①the(＋定語(yǔ))＋名詞＋f等介詞短語(yǔ)；②the(＋定語(yǔ))＋名詞＋定語(yǔ)從句；③the(＋定語(yǔ))＋名詞＋不定式/分詞短語(yǔ)。
3．根據(jù)固定搭配或用法確定冠詞(1)不定冠詞用在固定搭配中，如：catch a cld、 have a fever、 all f a sudden、 as a matter f fact、 as a result、 have a gift fr、 make a living、 give sb. a lift、 have a gd knwledge f等；(2)定冠詞用在固定搭配中，如：at the same time、 n the cntrary、 t tell the truth、 in the distance、 make the mst/best f、 n the spt等；
(3)動(dòng)詞(catch/take/hit等)＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位；(4)a＋比較級(jí)(＋名詞)，表示“一個(gè)更……的人或物”；(5)抽象名詞具體化具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用，?？嫉挠校簊urprise、 pleasure、 cmfrt、 danger、 success、 failure、 beauty等。
Test 1　　(2024·潮州一模)In 1998, an ec-museum was established in Sujia Mia, Yi and Hui Twnship, China's Guizhu Prvince. Cnsisting f 12 villages, including Gaxing Village, the ec-museum is different frm traditinal nes. It isn't enclsed by walls and 1._________ it shwcases is mre than varius cllectins.
　　Xing Shazhen, a 77-year-ld resident f Gaxing Village, weaves every day with a lm (織布機(jī)) in a wden huse, her daughter-in-law busy 2._________(learn) the craft frm her.“The cstumes, language, music and even the way f prductin f the lcal cmmunity are all living 3.___________(significance) exhibits，” said Lu Gang, head f the museum.
significant
　　A decade ag, Gaxing Village 4._________(list) in a traditinal Chinese villages catalg (目錄). Hwever, Lu fund there were few lms left in the village. He 5._________(apply) fr a budget frm relevant departments and invited prfessinal craftsmen t prduce lms fr the villagers. He asked each villager that received the machine 6._________ (use) it and train an inheritr (繼承者) f the lcal weaving technique. In additin, mst f the ld flk huses with their 7._________ (rf) made f straw needed regular replacement and Lu had their riginal appearance 8._________(restre).
　　There are 25 such ec-museums in the prvince, which are in line 9._________ sustainable develpment principles. Nt nly d they guide villagers t perfrm independent-management and activate their passin fr preserving their traditinal cultures, but they create mre jbs and give 10._________ bst t lcal turism.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了貴州省梭戛苗族彝族回族鄉(xiāng)建立的生態(tài)博物館。
1．what　考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。2．learning　考查固定搭配。be busy ding sth.是固定搭配，意為“忙于做某事”。3．significant　考查形容詞?？蘸笫敲~exhibits，所以空處應(yīng)填形容詞significant。
4．was listed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以list應(yīng)該作本句謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是Gaxing Village，兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)A decade ag可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；Gaxing Village是單數(shù)，故填was listed。5．a(chǎn)pplied　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)and可知，空處是和invited作本句的并列謂語(yǔ)，所以apply也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。6．t use　考查固定搭配。ask sb.t d sth.是固定搭配，意為“要求某人做某事”。
7．rfs　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。空前是形容詞性物主代詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞，rf意為“屋頂”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。8．restred　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞had，所以restre應(yīng)該用非謂語(yǔ)形式，邏輯主語(yǔ)是appearance，兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。9．with　考查固定搭配。in line with是固定搭配，意為“符合……的”。10．a(chǎn)　考查固定搭配。give a bst t是固定搭配，意為“促進(jìn)”。
Test 2　　(2024·江蘇決勝新高考5月聯(lián)考)Lcated in suth Anhui Prvince, the tw traditinal villages Xidi and Hngcun are architectural 1._________(cmplex), with a high histrical and artistic value. They still retain (保留) the riginal features f Anhui villages between the 14th and 20th centuries.
　　Xidi village 2.___________(cmpse) f mre than 300 civil residences, mst f which were built in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Backed by picturesque hills and twering ancient wds, this village is nted 3._________ the harmny f its architecture and its clrful fields. The residential buildings are mstly black and white. The decratins display a strng flavr f the Ming and Qing dynasties. Ptted plants, fishing pls and flwerbeds give 4._________ whle village a sense f harmny with nature.
　　Hngcun village features its verall design 5._________ resembles the shape f an x. The ancient Academy f the Suth Lake casts its shadw in the lake and 6._________(create) a quiet scene tgether with ancient trees and graceful buildings arund it.
　　Xidi and Hngcun experienced 1，000 years f cntinuus 7.______________(transfrm) and develpment, all the while authentically 8._________ (preserve) their characters as traditinal Chinese villages. The villages faithfully preserve elements that are typical f traditinal pre-mdern villages. 9.____________(additinal), the site preserves reginal art, custms, cuisine and ther frms f cultural and traditinal ways f life. Xidi and Hngcun are, withut dubt, ideal sites fr a cntemprary sciety 10.____________(research) traditinal village culture.
transfrmatin
Additinally
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了安徽省南部的兩個(gè)傳統(tǒng)村落西遞和宏村。
1．cmplexes　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。architectural為形容詞，空處應(yīng)用名詞，作表語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句中are可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2．is cmpsed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子陳述的是客觀(guān)事實(shí)，Xidi village和cmpse之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)Xidi village是單數(shù)，應(yīng)填is cmpsed。3．fr　考查固定搭配?！癰e nted fr...”是固定搭配，意為“以……聞名”。
4．the　考查冠詞。句中whle前應(yīng)與定冠詞the連用，特指“整個(gè)西遞村”。5．that/which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為design，指物，且空處在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which。6．creates　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)and可知，空處和casts作本句的并列謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。
7．transfrmatin　考查名詞。cntinuus為形容詞，空處應(yīng)用名詞，作賓語(yǔ)，transfrm的名詞為transfrmatin，為不可數(shù)名詞。8．preserving　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞experienced，空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，Xidi and Hngcun和preserve為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。9．Additinally　考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾后面整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)。10．t research　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達(dá)“來(lái)進(jìn)行研究”，表目的，所以用不定式。
語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目(二)　代　詞如何判定填代詞[典例呈現(xiàn)](2024·福州第二次質(zhì)檢)I feel 65._________ ur respnsibility t cmmunicate abut the charm f the primitive inscriptin with the yunger generatins and freigners.
[解析]　第一步：確定是否填代詞。動(dòng)詞feel后缺少賓語(yǔ)，且空后沒(méi)給提示詞，故需要填代詞。第二步：確定代詞的種類(lèi)和形式。句子真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式，空處應(yīng)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，feel it ur respnsibility t d sth.意為“覺(jué)得做某事是我們的責(zé)任”。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]第一步：確定是否填代詞　　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)句子缺少形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用it。第二步：判斷是否指代上文中提到的人或物　　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)指代上文中所提到的人或物時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用相應(yīng)的代詞。
考法　代詞的基本用法[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2024·淄博一模)It's extremely dry here, with the amunt f annual evapratin (蒸發(fā)) being mre than 60 times _________ f the annual rainfall. that　考查代詞。此處意為“年降雨量”，是同類(lèi)異物特指，空處用代詞that替代前面提到的the amunt。
2．(2024·齊魯名校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Even s, _________ was nt until the Republic f China era in the 1910s that there were sme nticeable results in prmting a cmmn unified language in China.it　考查固定句型。“It was nt ”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，意為“直到……才……”。
3．(2024·泰安三模)The authrs say, “_________ is time t start understanding and discussing AI's ptential.”It　考查固定句型?！癷t is time t d sth.”意為“是做某事的時(shí)候了”。
4．(2024·廣東2月大聯(lián)考)Yang Cunxin, wh was brn and raised next t the statin and later wrked there, feels _________ a duty t tell the stry f its cnnectin t China's histry. it　考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，空處應(yīng)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
5．(2024·雅禮中學(xué)月考)The Chinese gvernment has increasingly invested in the prtectin f tangible (物質(zhì)的)and intangible cultural heritage natinwide, by building museums, hsting mre events. Yu name _________．it　考查代詞?！癥u name it.”意為“你想得到的都有，凡是你說(shuō)得出的(應(yīng)有盡有)”，是習(xí)慣表達(dá)。
6．(2024·遼寧教研聯(lián)盟一模)_________ keeps my brain active t cmmunicate with peple nline.It　考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞不定式t cmmunicate with peple nline是真正的主語(yǔ)，空處是形式主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用it，首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。
7．(2024·寧波4月模擬)Once the perfrmance starts, the actr keeps pulling dwn ne mask after _________ in swift mvements t cnvey different emtins.anther　考查固定搭配。ne after anther是固定搭配，意為“一個(gè)又一個(gè)、一個(gè)接一個(gè)”。
8．(2024·重慶八中二模)Studies at Harvard Business Schl shw that thugh sme individuals may be mre creative than _________， almst every individual can be creative in the right circumstances.thers　考查代詞?！啊笔枪潭ù钆洌鉃椤耙恍渌?，根據(jù)句中sme individuals可知，空處應(yīng)用thers，表示“其他人”。
9．(2024·蚌埠質(zhì)檢)It was ne f the three natinwide celebratins back then. The _________ tw were Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. ther　考查代詞。根據(jù)空前一句的句意可知，空處所在句表示“另外兩個(gè)是元宵節(jié)和中秋節(jié)”，空處意為“其他的”，用ther。
10．Anne, a shrt vide talent frm Omaha, USA, filmed a reactin vide t the artistry and psted _________ nline. it　考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知，空處指代上文的a reactin vide，應(yīng)用it。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．句意清，指代明　　當(dāng)句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要填代詞。(1)如果空前出現(xiàn)了可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，并且空處作主語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)指代的情況用he、she或it；(2)如果空前出現(xiàn)了可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，并且空處作賓語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)指代的情況用him、her或it；(3)如果空前出現(xiàn)了可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，并且空處作主語(yǔ)，用they；(4)如果空前出現(xiàn)了可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，并且空處作賓語(yǔ)，用them。
2．it的用法(1)指代天氣、時(shí)間、距離等；(2)代替上文提到過(guò)的事物；(3)it可作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)；(4)it常用的固定用法：①I(mǎi)t is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/wh＋其他；②when it cmes t...當(dāng)談到……；③as sb. puts it正如某人所說(shuō)；④make it成功；take it easy別緊張；g it加油；get it明白
3．熟記常見(jiàn)代詞的區(qū)別(1)二者選其一用either；二者都不選用neither；(2)若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一個(gè)”用anther；若表示“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”用the ther，常用結(jié)構(gòu)： ther...；若表示“其余的、另外的”，在名詞前用ther；若泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，不跟名詞且指代復(fù)數(shù)，用thers，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：；(3)若指代上文出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞則用that；若指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用thse；(4)若指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的某類(lèi)事物中的“一個(gè)”用ne；若指代復(fù)數(shù)形式用nes。
Test 1　　(2024·江蘇新高考基地學(xué)校大聯(lián)考)Every day, Duan Lianru spends several hurs sitting in her ffice in Hunchun, Jilin Prvince t make a 1.____________(cmpare) f hundreds f phts f Siberian tigers n the cmputer.
　　“It seems a little bring, but 2._________(basic) I enjy the wrk, which makes a cnnectin between me and the big cats，” said the 36-year-ld mnitr frm the search mnitring center f the Nrtheast China Tiger and Lepard Natinal Park. The park 3._________ (stretch) acrss the prvinces f Jilin and Heilngjiang.
　　Duan is respnsible fr identifying the tigers accrding t patterns n 4._________ (they) fur and giving them smething like 5._________ identity card. 　　The park, 6._________ size exceeds (超過(guò)) 1.4 millin hectares, is the mst imprtant habitat fr wild Siberian tigers and Amur lepards in China. 　　The Siberian tigers' “ID cards” cme 7._________ a lt f imprtant basic data that aids scientific cnservatin. 8._________(base) n such infrmatin, Duan draws the family trees f the tigers.
　　Recent years 9. _______________(see) a remarkable increase in the variety and number f wild animals and mre tiger families have been fund, including sme back tw r three generatins. 　　“I feel quite hnred t be invlved in such significant wrk，” Duan said. “10._________(create) a mre beautiful wrld, humans and wild animals, I hpe, can live in harmny.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了東北虎豹國(guó)家公園搜索監(jiān)測(cè)中心的管理員段連儒的工作及意義。
has/have seen
1．cmparisn　考查名詞。此處作賓語(yǔ)且空前有不定冠詞a，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式。2．basically　考查副詞。此處修飾后面整句話(huà)，應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。3．stretches　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句子陳述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)The park是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。4．their　考查代詞。此處修飾名詞fur，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。
5．a(chǎn)n　考查冠詞。此處泛指“一張身份證”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，identity的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。6．whse　考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是park，關(guān)系詞在從句中作size的定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whse。7．with　考查介詞。此處指東北虎的“身份證”上有很多重要的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，有助于科學(xué)保護(hù)?？仗帒?yīng)用介詞with，意為“帶有”。8．Based　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。be based n意為“根據(jù)、以……為基礎(chǔ)”，為固定短語(yǔ)，空處省略be動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。
9．has/have seen　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。由句意可知，此處表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Recent years被看作整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可以用復(fù)數(shù)，即助動(dòng)詞可以使用has或have。10．T create　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。
Test 2　　(2024·海南高考全真模擬)By drawing n the surface f a cup f tea, chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick has becme ppular. Hwever, 10 years ag, this typical technique was clse t 1._____________(disappear) cmpletely.　　“It in fact requires dzens f prcesses, and they are nt easy 2.___________(cmplete)，” Zhang Zhifeng, a perfrmer f chabaixi, said.
disappearing
　　As a special art frm in China, 3._________ had nce been as nrmal as drawing and playing instruments, chabaixi can create endless 4._________(pattern) such as bambs and muntains r even calligraphy such as autgraphs and shrt prverbs.　　“It is 5._________(ttal) different frm making latte (拿鐵) because we use clear water as the bject t inject int the cup instead f milk. But when the water 6._________(tuch) the surface f stirred tea, it turns int a white clr and disappears in 20 minutes，” Zhang explained.
　　This technique 7._________(list) as part f China's Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recvered by Zhang. “This technique is the key 8._________ tea culture 　　frm the Sng Dynasty, and it wuld be such 9._________ shame t let it fade. 10._________ is als necessary that this technique must be passed n t the next generatins s they can have a better understanding f the histry behind it，” Zhang added.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一種古老的中國(guó)茶藝——茶百戲。
1．disappearing　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意以及空前的介詞t并分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)該填disappearing作介詞t的賓語(yǔ)。2．t cmplete　考查固定句型。主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋t d為固定句型，其中不定式用主動(dòng)形式。3．which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞a special art frm為物，且空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。4．patterns　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)所給可數(shù)名詞pattern以及空前的endless可知，空處應(yīng)填pattern的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
5．ttally　考查副詞?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~different，應(yīng)用副詞形式，作狀語(yǔ)。6．tuches　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。后面主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)該是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)water為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。7．was listed　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致?？仗幨窃摼渥拥闹^語(yǔ)部分，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 2017可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；句子的主語(yǔ)This technique和動(dòng)詞list之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)This technique為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。
8．t　考查介詞。the key t...意為“……的關(guān)鍵”。根據(jù)句意和空前的名詞key可知，空處應(yīng)填介詞t和名詞key搭配。9．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。此處表泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，shame的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用a。10．It　考查固定句型?？仗帒?yīng)填I(lǐng)t作形式主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成固定句型：It＋be＋adj.＋that從句，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的that從句。
語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目(三)　介詞(短語(yǔ))、數(shù)詞　　高考對(duì)介詞的考查主要集中在介詞的基本用法及含介詞的固定搭配的用法上。語(yǔ)法填空題對(duì)介詞的考查形式為純空格，即沒(méi)有提示詞，這對(duì)考生正確理解句意和對(duì)知識(shí)的掌握提出了較高的要求。因此，考生應(yīng)在掌握介詞基本用法的同時(shí)，注意總結(jié)和積累其與名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)并熟記其意義和用法。近幾年，高考對(duì)數(shù)詞鮮有考查。
如何判定填介詞[典例呈現(xiàn)](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The Glasshuse stands 63._________ a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute that/which brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
[解析]　第一步：確定是否填介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)空后的名詞achievement在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，其前應(yīng)填介詞。第二步：根據(jù)句意及固定搭配確定答案。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)空處在不及物動(dòng)詞stand后名詞achievement前，應(yīng)考慮動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配；再根據(jù)句意“該玻璃溫室作為當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的偉大成就而存在”可知，此處為stand as，意為“作為……存在”。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]第一步：確定是否填介詞　　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)名詞或代詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前面一般填介詞。第二步：根據(jù)句意及固定搭配確定答案1．分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)空格在名詞前后時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮名詞與介詞的搭配；2．分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)空格在不及物動(dòng)詞后名詞前時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配；3．分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)空格在形容詞后名詞前時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮形容詞與介詞的搭配。
考法1　介詞(短語(yǔ))的基本用法[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility _________ saving their envirnment.fr　考查介詞。take respnsibility fr是固定搭配，意為“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”。
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)Thanks t Beijing's lng histry _________ the capital f China, almst every hutng has its stries, and sme are even assciated with histric events. as　考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知，as是介詞，意為“作為”，符合句意。
3．(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut were als Shakespeare's cncerns. I happen t knw that Tang's play The Peny Pavilin(《牡丹亭》) is similar in sme ways _________ Rme and Juliet.t　考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在形容詞similar后名詞Rme and Juliet前，應(yīng)考慮形容詞與介詞的搭配；再根據(jù)句意“《牡丹亭》在某些方面與《羅密歐與朱麗葉》相似”可知，此處為be similar t，意為“與……相似”。
4．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _________ all peple f the natin t enjy—as a natinal park.fr　考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在不及物動(dòng)詞preserve后名詞peple前，應(yīng)考慮動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配；再根據(jù)句意“要妥善保護(hù)這個(gè)地區(qū)，以供全國(guó)人民欣賞”可知，此處表示“為了”。
5．(2024·濟(jì)南一模)An ancient stne gate first greets yur eyes _________the entrance t the village.at　考查介詞。在某個(gè)“小地點(diǎn)”時(shí)，可使用介詞at。at the entrance意為“在入口處”。
6．(2024·濰坊一模)She greets her fans _________a sweet, gentle vice just like any ther livestreamer.in　考查介詞。此處表達(dá)“用甜美溫柔的聲音”，應(yīng)用介詞in表示“用……”之意。
7．(2024·泰州中學(xué)一模)_________feeling happy, which is a temprary state, leading a happier life is abut individual grwth by finding meaning thrugh the whle life.Unlike　考查介詞。此處表示“暫時(shí)的幸福”和“更幸福的生活”的比較，這兩種幸福是不同的，需用介詞unlike，位于句首首字母大寫(xiě)。
8．(2024·蘇北七市二模)In ancient times, the drums were played _________New Year's Eve at the imperial palace t bring peace. n　考查介詞。New Year's Eve是“除夕”，在具體的某一天前用介詞n。
9．(2024·鹽城第三次模擬)A research center has als been established, _________experts frm hme and verseas jintly prviding suggestins fr their prtectin.with　考查介詞?！皐ith＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，空處應(yīng)用介詞with。
10．(2024·江門(mén)一模)The Yutu-2 is named _________ the pet rabbit f the Chinese mn gddess Chang'e.after　考查介詞。be named after是固定搭配，意為“以……命名”。
11．(2024·茂名二模)Jhannes Vermeer is famus arund the wrld _________his paintings f calm scenes in dmestic settings, accrding t the museum.fr　考查介詞。表示“以……聞名”用短語(yǔ)be famus fr。
12．(2024·衡陽(yáng)二模)Livestck stay n the grund flr, while peple always live ___________it.abve/ver　考查介詞。根據(jù)上文的“Livestck stay n the grund flr”以及表示“對(duì)比”的連詞while可知，此處應(yīng)表示“在……上方”，用介詞abve或ver。
13．(2024·湖北七市3月聯(lián)考)Over a decade ag, McKenzie said researchers discvered a link _________exercise and fcus in children. between　考查介詞。“”是固定搭配，意為“在……和……之間”。
14．(2024·福建高三4月聯(lián)考)_________the same time, they shall assume respnsibility and fight as best as they can. Since ancient times, Wing Chun has been a technique fr gentlemen.At　考查介詞。at the same time是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“同時(shí)”，句首字母需大寫(xiě)。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．辨邏輯，聯(lián)想恰當(dāng)介詞(1)表示時(shí)間的in、n和at①in表示在某段較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間內(nèi)(如世紀(jì)、朝代、年、月、季節(jié)等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等；②n表示在具體的日子或具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等；③at表示某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等。
(2)表示交通方式的by和n/in①by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名詞，名詞前不加冠詞；②n/in后跟交通工具時(shí)，名詞前應(yīng)有冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)。(3)表示“用……”的by、in和with①by＋交通工具/通信工具，也可表方式，如：by car/train/air/sea/letter/email/phne/hand；②in多用于表示語(yǔ)言、材料的名詞前；③with多用于表示工具或身體器官的名詞前。
(4)fr：①(表示去向)往、向，如：leave fr(動(dòng)身去……)；②為得到、為獲?。虎郾硎疽欢螘r(shí)間，如：fr tw years (兩年)；④因?yàn)?、由于；⑤就……而言?5)beynd：①在……另一邊；②在……更遠(yuǎn)處；③超出、非……所能及。(6)as用作介詞，意為“作為”，常用于一些動(dòng)詞之后，如：wrk as(從事……工作)、serve as(可用作……)、 act as(擔(dān)任、充當(dāng)……)。(7)despite/in spite f意為“盡管”。
2．依據(jù)句式和搭配填介詞(1)與動(dòng)詞搭配，如： (把……誤認(rèn)為……)、(致力于……)。(2)與名詞或代詞搭配，如：(a) lack f (缺乏……)、n ne's wn/by neself(靠自己)。(3)與形容詞搭配，如：be absent frm (缺席)、be curius abut (對(duì)……感到好奇)。
(4)其他搭配，如：(從……到……)、(在……和……之間)。(5)介詞短語(yǔ)，如：by accident (偶然)、in truble (處于困境中)、in turn(依次，轉(zhuǎn)而)。
考法2　數(shù)詞的基本用法[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp's fables date t the _________(six) century B．C．sixth　考查數(shù)詞?？涨坝卸ü谠~the，空后是名詞century，所以空處填序數(shù)詞sixth。
2．(2024·龍巖3月質(zhì)檢)Li Xingchang, 68, is the _________(eight) inheritr in his family.eighth　考查數(shù)詞?？涨坝卸ü谠~the，空后是名詞inheritr，所以空處填序數(shù)詞eighth。
3．(2024·重慶南開(kāi)中學(xué)質(zhì)檢)A recent reprt shwed that in the whle cuntry, the barbecue is _________(tw) nly t ht pt amng late-night dining ptins.secnd　考查數(shù)詞。根據(jù)后面的nly t可知，此處表示“第二大夜宵選擇”，所以用序數(shù)詞。
4．There I met a gentleman by the name f Kurien in his late _________(eighty).eighties　考查數(shù)詞。in ne's late eighties意為“在某人快九十歲時(shí)”。
5．Back in the _________(ninety), he wuld remain at the z fr almst three mnths t stay with the pandas during the breeding seasn.nineties　考查數(shù)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“在九十年代”，空處應(yīng)用nineties。
6．It is reprted that the flds have left _________(thusand) f peple hmeless.thusands　考查數(shù)詞。thusands f意為“數(shù)以千計(jì)的”。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞規(guī)律(1)一般由基數(shù)詞加th構(gòu)成，如：sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh、hundredth；(2)以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，先把y變?yōu)閕e，再加th，如：twentieth、thirtieth；(3)不規(guī)則變形，如：first、secnd、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth等。
2．年齡、年代表達(dá)法(1)表達(dá)“在某人幾十多歲”時(shí)，用“in ne's＋整十基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”，如：in ne's fifties(在某人五十多歲時(shí))；(2)表達(dá)“在幾十年代”時(shí)，用“in the＋整十基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”， 如：in the thirties(在三十年代)。
Test 1　　(2024·東莞二模)When Lin Zhanxi first intrduced mushrm cultivatin(培育) t the Gbi Desert residents f Ningxia, he didn't expect such a phenmenal success. 1._________inventr f junca, a methd that uses grass cuttings as substrate (培養(yǎng)基) fr grwing eatable and medicinal mushrms, has lng been cmmitted 2._________expanding the methd in pverty relief.
　　In the 1980s, as a prfessr at Fujian Agriculture and Frestry University, Lin experimented with grass instead f lgs t grw mushrms because lgs weren't 3._________(ready) available fr many rural husehlds while grass, 4._________leaves and rts can be used fr eclgical management, is an essential multi-functinal agricultural resurce. In 1986, Lin made it, and sn his methd 5._____________ (adpt) by 51 cunties in Fujian.
　　When junca was made a key prject in the pairing-ff cperatin between Fujian and Ningxia in 1997, Lin advcated 6._________(take) advantage f abandned cave dwellings (窯洞) fr grwing mushrms in Ningxia. The prject dubled the farmers' yearly incme that year.
　　The success made junca7._________(prmte) in 506 China's cunties and it was then intrduced t 106 develping cuntries. This wrld-famus innvatin 8.____________(bring) welfare t millins f peple s far. What tuched Lin mst during his jurney t ther cuntries t help develp junca technlgy was that a freign minister even named his daughter after junca in hnr f China's 9._________ (assist).
　　“I feel I have a new missin 10._________(shulder), even after China wins its battle t reduce pverty. I can still fresee the imprtance f junca in helping farmers better their situatin and imprving the eclgy and the envirnment arund us，” he said.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了菌草的發(fā)明者林占熺長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直致力于在扶貧中推廣菌草，對(duì)扶貧做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)的故事。
1．The　考查冠詞。此處為特指一種以草屑為基質(zhì)種植食用蘑菇和藥用蘑菇的方法，所以用定冠詞。2．t　考查介詞。be cmmitted t為固定搭配，意為“致力于”。3．readily　考查副詞。修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞。4．whse　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是grass，空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用whse。
5．was adpted　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)methd之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；因句子表達(dá)的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)methd為單數(shù)，故填was adpted。6．taking　考查固定搭配。advcate ding sth.為固定搭配，意為“主張做某事”。
7．prmted　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因與其邏輯主語(yǔ)junca之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。8．has brught　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)s far可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語(yǔ)This wrld-famus innvatin為單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用has。9．a(chǎn)ssistance　考查名詞?？仗幵诰渲凶髻e語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞。10．t shulder　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？仗幵诰渲凶骱笾枚ㄕZ(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)尚未發(fā)生的不確定的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。
Test 2　　(2024·湖北4月調(diào)研)China will build the wrld's largest natinal park system, and a layut plan will be released sn.The plan is being drafted 1._________(meet) the requirements f building a system with the largest scale f prtectin, the mst diverse gegraphical features and the highest cnservatin value in the wrld. Under the plan, which 2.__________________ (launch) by the administratin in 2019, abut 50 areas have been selected as candidates fr natinal parks.
was launched
The parks are expected t cver 10 percent f the 3._________(cuntry) land area and preserve mre than 80 percent f the key natinal 4._________(prtect) wild plant and animal species. In Octber, China annunced its first grup f five natinal parks, cvering 5._________ttal land area f mre than 230,000 square kilmeters. Since their establishment, the parks 6.___________(make) achievements in envirnmental and species prtectin.
“At the same time, a new grup f natinal parks are being established 7._________an rderly manner and will be put int use as sn as pssible，” emphasized Li, the Natinal Frestry and Grassland Administratin fficial. Li als said at the news cnference n Mnday 8._________China's planted frest cnservatin area has reached 87.6 millin hectares, 9._________(rank) N.1 in the wrld. China is als ne f the 12 cuntries with the 10._________(rich) bidiversity in the wrld, he added.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。中國(guó)將建設(shè)世界上最大的國(guó)家公園體系，不久將發(fā)布布局規(guī)劃。該規(guī)劃正在起草中，以滿(mǎn)足建設(shè)世界上保護(hù)規(guī)模最大、地理特征最多樣、保護(hù)價(jià)值最高的體系的要求。
1．t meet　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表目的，應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。2．was launched　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) in 2019可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；先行詞the plan與launch之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；the plan為單數(shù)，故填was launched。
3．cuntry's　考查名詞所有格。此處作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞所有格形式。4．prtected　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。wild plant and animal species與prtect之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。5．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞?！癱ver a(n) f”是固定搭配，意為“占地……；覆蓋多大面積”，ttal的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用a。6．have made　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Since their establishment可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語(yǔ)the parks是復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用have。
7．in　考查介詞。in an rderly manner是固定搭配，意為“有條不紊地”。8．that　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，該賓語(yǔ)從句成分齊全，句意完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。9．ranking　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示一種自然而然的結(jié)果，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。10．richest　考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)句中in the wrld可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)。
語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目(四)　連　詞　　對(duì)連詞的考查主要涉及并列連詞和三大從句，是高考語(yǔ)法填空的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是學(xué)生的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。分析句子成分，牢記從句規(guī)則用法是解題的關(guān)鍵。
如何判定填連詞[典例呈現(xiàn)](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Recalling watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin, Edmndsn said, “It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language 65._________see hw Tang's play was being perfrmed.”
[解析]　第一步：判斷是否填連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，短語(yǔ)hear the Chinese language和see hw Tang's play was being perfrmed之間存在邏輯關(guān)系。第二步：確定具體的連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，短語(yǔ)hear the Chinese language和see hw Tang's play was being perfrmed之間是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)填and。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]第一步：確定并列連詞　　如果兩個(gè)單詞、短語(yǔ)、分句之間存在并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇、因果關(guān)系時(shí)，填并列連詞。第二步：確定引導(dǎo)詞　　如果空處引導(dǎo)從句，則首先要看它所引導(dǎo)的是哪一種從句，然后根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的種類(lèi)和功能來(lái)確定填哪一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。
考法1　并列連詞[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn't wrk, _________smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin.but/yet　考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知，前后分句間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用but或yet。
2．(2023·浙江卷1月)During China's dynastic perid, emperrs planned the city f Beijing _________arranged the residential areas accrding t scial classes. and　考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，planned和arranged是并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞and連接。
3．(2024·浙江卷1月)The shelves in mst supermarkets are full f family-size this and multi-buy that. Hwever, if yu're shpping fr ne, buying extra t benefit frm price reductins desn't make sense. Either yur shpping is then t heavy t carry hme _________ yu can't use what yu've bught while it's still fresh.r　考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前后兩個(gè)分句之間是選擇關(guān)系。意為“要么……要么……”，為固定用法。
4．(2024·揚(yáng)州考前調(diào)研)She ntes that it's suitable fr bth persnal and grup cnsumptin, and can be drunk quickly _________enjyed fr a whle afternn.r　考查連詞。根據(jù)句意可知，前后句之間為選擇關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞r。
5．Weak and dizzy, I was abut t fall t the grund _________smene tk hld f me.when　考查連詞?！癰e abut t ”為固定句型，意為“正要做……這時(shí)……”。
6．Still, eat well and enjy yurself every day in life, _________yu will get a wrthwhile reward.and　考查連詞。此處為固定句型“祈使句＋and/r＋陳述句”，結(jié)合句意可知，應(yīng)用連詞and。
7．Hardly had we arrived at the farm _________we saw many ranges hanging frm the branches.when　考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，此處為固定句型“”，意為“一……就……”。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．關(guān)系分析法　　分析空格前后單詞、短語(yǔ)或分句之間的關(guān)系，確定用哪個(gè)連詞。(1)表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連詞有and、、、 nt (als)...等；(2)表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有r、等；(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的連詞有but、 while、 等；(4)表示因果關(guān)系的連詞有s、 fr等。
2．句型法(1)祈使句＋and/r＋陳述句(2)be 正在做……，這時(shí)……be abut t 正要做……，這時(shí)……h(huán)ad just 剛做完……，這時(shí)……一……就……
考法2　定語(yǔ)從句[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating(紀(jì)念)Tang Xianzu, _________is knwn as “the Shakespeare f Asia”， add an internatinal character t Stratfrd-upn-Avn, William Shakespeare's hmetwn.wh　考查定語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指人，先行詞是Tang Xianzu，故應(yīng)用wh引導(dǎo)。
2．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park—2.2 millin acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, _________became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.which　考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞是Wrangell-Saint Elias，應(yīng)用which。
3．(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute _________brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.that/which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為表示物的名詞短語(yǔ)the Silk Rute，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用that/which。
4．(2024·淄博一模)The Crescent Spring, _________terrain and landscape are really distinctive, has becme a rmantic scenic spt.whse　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為T(mén)he Crescent Spring，空處在從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞terrain and landscape，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whse。
5．(2024·棗莊一模)He has wrked in many cmpanies in China and als married a girl in Beijing, _________has allwed him t knw China better.which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞指代前面的句子，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用which。
6．(2024·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)一模)There are many different types f quyi-perfrmance in China, such as pingshu and shuanghuang, amng _________the crsstalk is mst ppular.which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞types，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用which。
7．(2024·濱州二模)The barbecue craze in Zib began n March 8, 2023, _________a grup f cllege students rde a high-speed train t the city t eat skewers.when　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞March 8, 2023，且從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。
8．(2024·漳州第三次質(zhì)檢)During the activity, yu are encuraged t intrduce yur favrite English literature t us and state the reasn _________yu like it.why　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少主干成分，且先行詞是reasn，應(yīng)用why。
9．(2024·廈門(mén)第二次質(zhì)檢)The pstal service hall is n lnger a traditinal ne, prviding a new scene _________ citizens can scialize and experience pstal culture.where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞scene，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。
10．There was nce a twn in the heart f America _________ all life seemed t enjy peaceful c-existence with its surrundings.where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞twn，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用where。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]第一步：確定是定語(yǔ)從句　　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處無(wú)提示詞，空后的句子不完整，且對(duì)空前的某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句起限定作用，就要考慮填定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。
第二步：分清限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句　　在先行詞的后面出現(xiàn)逗號(hào)的往往是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1．that、 why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；2．which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可以代表主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容，可在從句中充當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)；3．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可置于句首、句中或句末，意為“正如”。
第三步：尋找先行詞，判斷屬性(指人還是指物，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因)1．先行詞指人用that、wh、whm、whse；2．先行詞指物用that、which、whse；3．表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因用when、where、why?！?br/>第四步：判斷從句中所缺成分，確定關(guān)系詞1．缺少主語(yǔ)用that、which、wh；2．缺少動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)用that、which、wh、whm；3．缺少介詞的賓語(yǔ)用whm、which；4．缺少定語(yǔ)用whse；5．缺少時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)用when、where、why。
考法3　名詞性從句[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) They als need t be ready t give interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists.This is _________they need an English trainer. why　考查表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，此處考查固定句型“This is why...”，意為“這就是……的原因。”
2．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)On a cl, starry night in mid-September 1870, fur men relaxed befre a campfire alng the Firehle River in _________is nw nrthwestern Wyming. They were part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.what　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用what。
3．(2024·海南高三學(xué)業(yè)水平診斷)There is n dubt _________China's AI industry will have an infinitely bright future.that　考查同位語(yǔ)從句?！皌here is n dubt that...”為固定句型，意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……”，其中that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，起解釋說(shuō)明的作用。
4．(2024·浙江金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考)_________are knwn as imprtant aspects f the traditinal Chinese calendar, such as hlidays, seasnal divisins, and the 24 slar terms, came frm these astrnmical bservatins.What　考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，表示“……的(東西等)”，應(yīng)用what，句首單詞首字母需大寫(xiě)。
5．(2024·遼寧名校聯(lián)盟3月適應(yīng)性考試)It's reprted _________many scenes were sht n the grunds f distinguished Chinese scientific institutes.that　考查主語(yǔ)從句?！癐t's reprted that...”為固定句型，意為“據(jù)報(bào)道……”，該句型中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的從句。
6．(2024·濰坊二模)It suggests simply eating smaller meals, less frequently, is _________ultimately leads t weight lss.what　考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，suggests后為省略了that的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少表語(yǔ)，空處需引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作is的表語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what。
7．(2024·廣東名校5月模擬)We are s casual and careless abut _________we use things arund us t make us fun, but it is imprtant fr ur happiness and health.hw　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少方式狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用連接副詞hw引導(dǎo)。
8．(2024·蚌埠第四次質(zhì)檢)Hwever, the timing f the festival varies between regins, because f the difference in _________flwering begins.when　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意可知，空處意為“什么時(shí)候”，應(yīng)用when。
9．(2024·海南高三一模)It's just because that persn isn't great at _________is knwn in psychlgy as perspective taking (換位思考).what　考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的(東西等)”，應(yīng)用what。
10．(2024·大連二模)She has been wrking hard at her art since the age f tw; that was _________Wang Shi Chiang first became aware f his daughter's interest in painting.when　考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用when。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．兩個(gè)技巧搞定名詞性從句(1)分析句子成分①?gòu)木渲胁蝗比魏纬煞智揖渥右饬x完整，應(yīng)考慮that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)that沒(méi)有詞義，也不作任何成分；②從句中不缺任何成分，但句意中缺少“是否”的意思時(shí)，則應(yīng)考慮whether引導(dǎo)各種名詞性從句；if引導(dǎo)及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句；③從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，考慮用連接代詞what、wh、whm、which、whatever等；④從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，考慮用連接副詞where、when、hw、why等。
(2)結(jié)合句意和引導(dǎo)詞的本義解題 有些引導(dǎo)詞在句中有很鮮明的意義，如whether/if (是否)、whever (任何人)、whatever (任何事)、because (因?yàn)?、why (為什么)等。結(jié)合句意和語(yǔ)境，不難解決這類(lèi)試題。
2．掌握常見(jiàn)的it句型(1)It be＋形容詞＋主語(yǔ)從句；(2)It be＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句；(3)It be＋名詞詞組(a pity、a surprise、a gd news)＋that從句。3．牢記that和what的區(qū)別(1)that沒(méi)有詞義，且在從句中不作任何成分；(2)what在從句中表示“……的(東西等)”(有時(shí)可以不譯)，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。
考法4　狀語(yǔ)從句[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2024·濰坊一模)Hwever, she had just made majr prgress in livestreaming _________her cnditin wrsened t the edge f death.when　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，空處引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)。
2．(2024·江蘇前黃中學(xué)一模)There is s much t take in ______disciples (學(xué)徒) usually start their career as yung children，spending years cnditining their bdies and minds fr the stage.that　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。此處為“”句型，意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
3．(2024·安徽皖江聯(lián)盟最后一卷)_________________________histric and natural wnders are still the pririties, Chinese turists nw prefer a mre rural experience.Thugh/Althugh/While　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句中的“Chinese turists nw prefer a mre rural experience”可知，逗號(hào)前的內(nèi)容為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，空處表示“盡管”，應(yīng)填Thugh或Althugh或While。
Thugh/Althugh/While
4．(2024·重慶高考模擬調(diào)研)Kam Waihi shaved her hair n May 12 in recgnitin f her friend Kathi Tait, wh has been dealing with alpecia areata (斑禿)_________she was nine years ld.since　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“she was nine years ld”是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合其前的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)“has been dealing with”可知，此處應(yīng)用since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)。
5．(2024·葫蘆島二模)Emperr Liu Che wuld establish a cuju field _________his army went.wherever　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，空處應(yīng)用wherever，意為“無(wú)論去哪里”，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。
6．(2024·青島二模)Yu can't be t careful t cntrl the knife, _________nce there is a wrng cut, yu need t start all ver again.because　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，空后句子為空前內(nèi)容的原因，應(yīng)填because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．句意法(1)while、 when、 as、 since、 befre、 after等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句； (2)because、 since、 as、 nw that等引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；(3)if、 unless、 nce等引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句； (4)thugh、 althugh、 while等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句； (5)in case等引導(dǎo)目的或條件狀語(yǔ)從句； (6)where、 when引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句； (7)whatever、 whenever、 hwever、 whichever、 wherever 等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
2．固定句式法(1)如此……以至于……(2)直到……才……(3)It will/wn't be＋一段時(shí)間＋befre...過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才/沒(méi)過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就……(4)It is＋一段時(shí)間＋since...自從……以來(lái)已經(jīng)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。(5) (nt)...無(wú)論……還是……
Test 1　　(2024·曲靖二模)Gathering mre than 200 f China's cultural relic experts tgether, a cntest fcusing n antique restratin 1._________ (take) place in Taiyuan, Nrth China's Shanxi Prvince n Mar. 26, 2023. 2._________(arrange) by the Natinal Cultural Heritage Administratin, a large number f 3.____________(participant) shwed their skills by wrking n authentic histrical relics.
participants
　　Ta Zhngjun, 4._________Chinese histrian, said, “Real relics fr repairers are what a gd canvas (畫(huà)布) is t a painter.” The cultural relic repairers 5._______________(chse) frm six categries t reveal the cuntry's strictly designed relics cnservatin schemes (規(guī)劃).
　　Li Qun, a vice minister f culture and turism, said that the cmpetitin aims t select and train sme6._________(high) skilled relic experts s as t establish a talent trp that pssess up-t-date restratin skills.
　　Searching fr talents frm 27 prvinces arund the cuntry, the cmpetitin is the largest event fr 7._________(select) future talents ever held in China's cultural relic industry. Yu Jiadng, 8._________is a vice minister f human resurces and scial security, said that China is striving t build a 9.___________(prfessin) cmpetitin system with Chinese characteristics and that this cmpetitin is 10._________great imprtance t this field.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一個(gè)聚集了200多名中國(guó)文物專(zhuān)家的古董修復(fù)比賽，旨在選拔和培訓(xùn)一些技能更高的文物專(zhuān)家，以建立一個(gè)具有最新修復(fù)技能的人才隊(duì)伍。
1．tk　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)n Mar.26, 2023可知，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2．Arranged　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。arrange與主句主語(yǔ)之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，句首單詞首字母需大寫(xiě)。3．participants　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)a large number f可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且Chinese的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用a。
5．were chsen　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。照應(yīng)上文謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said，空處也應(yīng)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)；主語(yǔ)repairers和chse之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，故填were chsen。 6．highly　考查副詞。此處修飾形容詞skilled，應(yīng)使用副詞。7．selecting　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞fr后應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
8．wh　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞Yu Jiadng，指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞wh引導(dǎo)。9．prfessinal　考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞短語(yǔ)cmpetitin system，應(yīng)使用形容詞。 10．f　考查固定搭配。be f great imprtance是固定搭配，意為“具有重要性”。
Test 2　　(2024·泰安二模)Thanks t abundant rainfall and the patient effrt f the lcal gvernment, Jinan, 1._________prvincial capital f Shandng that 2._________(title) as the “city f springs”， has seen a year f remarkable achievement.
　　The Batu Spring, a famus scenic spt in the city's Lixia district, saw its water table beynd 30 meters n Oct.11 t reach the 3._________(high) level fr that time f year since it started gushing (噴涌) again in 2003.Since early this year, the spring's water table 4._________(be) n the rise, the water affairs bureau says. There are 1，209 artesian (自然流淌的) springs in Jinan, accrding t a list 5._________(publish) in September, 2022.　
　　The suthern hilly area, 6._________als cllects and generates the spring water, is higher than the river plain t the nrth. The grundwater flws dwnward and gushes ut at the ft f the hills. In sme springs, bubbles are seen rising frm the bedrck. The water is s clear in every spring that 7._________(turist) can see the bttm f the springs. The Black Tiger Spring riginates 8._________ a 3-meter-deep, 1.7-meter-wide 9._________(nature) cave. Its name cmes frm the raring sund it makes 10._________water gushes ut f tiger head-shaped stnes. 　　The springs in Jinan are a way f life.
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了山東省會(huì)濟(jì)南的幾處著名的泉水。
1．the　考查冠詞。capital意為“省會(huì)”，是名詞，前面應(yīng)加the，表示特指。2．is titled　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Jinan，空處是從句謂語(yǔ)，和that指代的先行詞Jinan之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；描述客觀(guān)事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；Jinan為單數(shù)，故填is titled。3．highest　考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)定冠詞the和句意可知，此處表示“最高水位”，用形容詞最高級(jí)形式。
4．has been　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Since early this year可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語(yǔ)the spring's water table是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用has。5．published　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，所以此處用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。名詞a list和publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。6．which　考查定語(yǔ)從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為T(mén)he suthern hilly area，指物，且空處在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。

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