命題：湖北溫德克英聯(lián)合教研工作室 命題人：溫襲明，李守恒
審題：武漢襲明教研工作室，黃岡SFL創(chuàng)優(yōu)教研團(tuán)隊(duì)
考試時(shí)間:2024年11月29日 上午8:00-10:00 星期五
本試卷共8頁(yè)，23小題。滿(mǎn)分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)150分鐘。
注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。
2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。
3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上。
4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。第二部分 閱讀理解 (共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)
第一節(jié) (共15小題; 每小題 2.5分, 滿(mǎn)分37.5分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Understanding the Fd Grading System: A Cnsumer's Guide
Intrductin:
In recent years, there has been a grwing awareness amng cnsumers abut the nutritinal value f the fd and beverages they cnsume. In respnse t this demand fr transparency, cities like Shanghai have begun implementing fd grading systems. This guide aims t prvide insight int hw these systems wrk, their benefits, and hw cnsumers can use this infrmatin t make infrmed chices.
The Fd Grading System Explained:
The fd grading system is a public health initiative designed t classify fd and beverage items based n their nutritinal cntent. The system typically uses a letter grading scale, such as A, B, C, and D, where A represents the healthiest ptins and D indicates prducts high in sugars, saturated fats, trans fats, and nn-sugar sweeteners.
Hw It Wrks:
Nutritinal Analysis: Fds and beverages are analyzed fr their cntent f key nutrients and nn-nutrients that can affect health when cnsumed in excess.
Grading Criteria: The grading criteria cnsider nt nly the presence f harmful cmpnents like sugars and unhealthy fats but als the nutritinal value, such as the presence f fiber, prtein, and essential vitamins and minerals.
Labeling: Once graded, prducts are labeled with their respective grades. This labeling is usually dne at the pint f sale, allwing cnsumers t make healthier chices with ease.
Benefits f the Fd Grading System:
Empwering Cnsumers: The system empwers cnsumers by prviding them with clear, at-a-glance infrmatin abut the health impact f their fd chices.
Healthier Chices: By understanding the grading, cnsumers are mre likely t chse higher-grade items, leading t imprved dietary habits and public health.
Encuraging Manufacturers: Fd and beverage manufacturers are incentivized t imprve the nutritinal prfile f their prducts t achieve better grades, which can bst sales and market cmpetitiveness.
Using the Fd Grading System:
As a cnsumer, yu can utilize the fd grading system in the fllwing ways:
Read Labels Carefully: Befre making a purchase, take a mment t read the grade n the prduct's label. Opt fr items with higher grades (A r B) whenever pssible.
Make Cmparisns: Cmpare the grades f different prducts within the same categry t chse the healthier ptin.
Educate Others: Share yur knwledge abut the fd grading system with friends and family t spread awareness and prmte healthier eating habits.
Cnclusin:
The fd grading system is a pwerful tl in the fight against diet-related health issues. By understanding and utilizing this system, cnsumers can take cntrl f their dietary chices and cntribute t a healthier sciety. As mre cities and cuntries adpt similar initiatives, the glbal shift twards healthier fd ptins becmes mre attainable.
This text is designed t be infrmative yet apprachable, prviding readers with a clear understanding f fd grading systems and their implicatins fr cnsumer chices.
1.What is the primary purpse f the fd grading system accrding t the text?
A. T increase sales fr fd manufacturers.
B. T prvide clear nutritinal infrmatin fr cnsumers.
C. T reduce the prductin f unhealthy fd items.
D. T regulate fd prices in the market.
2. Which f the fllwing is NOT part f the criteria used fr grading fd and beverages in the system described?
A. The presence f nn-sugar sweeteners.
B. The nutritinal value f the prduct.
C. The use f artificial clring.
D. The cntent f sugars and unhealthy fats.
3. What is the main idea f the infrmatinal text?
A. The fd grading system is a glbal initiative.
B. The fd grading system educates cnsumers n making healthier chices.
C. The fd grading system nly applies t beverages.
D. The fd grading system is designed t imprve the taste f fd.
【答案與解析】
問(wèn)題1：細(xì)節(jié)理解
根據(jù)文本，食品分級(jí)系統(tǒng)的主要目的是什么？
A. 增加食品制造商的銷(xiāo)售量。
B. 為消費(fèi)者提供清晰的營(yíng)養(yǎng)信息。
C. 減少不健康食品的生產(chǎn)。
D. 調(diào)節(jié)市場(chǎng)價(jià)格。
答案：B. 為消費(fèi)者提供清晰的營(yíng)養(yǎng)信息。
解析： 文本中提到，食品分級(jí)系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)公共衛(wèi)生倡議，旨在根據(jù)食品和飲料的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分對(duì)它們進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。其主要目的是通過(guò)提供清晰的、一目了然的信息，賦予消費(fèi)者權(quán)力，幫助他們做出更健康的選擇。
問(wèn)題2：細(xì)節(jié)理解
以下哪項(xiàng)不是該系統(tǒng)中用于分級(jí)食品和飲料的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)？
A. 非糖甜味劑的存在。
B. 產(chǎn)品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)值。
C. 人工色素的使用。
D. 糖和不健康脂肪的含量。
答案：C. 人工色素的使用。
解析： 文本中提到，分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不僅考慮了過(guò)量消費(fèi)可能影響健康的有害成分，如糖和不健康脂肪，還包括了營(yíng)養(yǎng)值，例如纖維、蛋白質(zhì)和必需的維生素和礦物質(zhì)的存在。而人工色素并未在文中被提及為分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。
問(wèn)題3：主旨大意
該信息文本的主要觀點(diǎn)是什么？
A. 食品分級(jí)系統(tǒng)是一項(xiàng)全球性倡議。
B. 食品分級(jí)系統(tǒng)教育消費(fèi)者做出更健康的選擇。
C. 食品分級(jí)系統(tǒng)僅適用于飲料。
D. 食品分級(jí)系統(tǒng)旨在改善食品的味道。
答案：B. 食品分級(jí)系統(tǒng)教育消費(fèi)者做出更健康的選擇。
解析： 文本的主要觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了食品分級(jí)系統(tǒng)如何教育消費(fèi)者，并幫助他們通過(guò)清晰的標(biāo)簽信息做出更健康的食品選擇，從而促進(jìn)更健康的飲食習(xí)慣和公共健康。
B
閱讀下列短文，從每篇短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
The Tale f Xiami SU7: A Leap int the Future f Electric Vehicles
Once upn a time in the bustling heart f China, a tech giant by the name f Xiami decided t embark n a daring venture. Knwn fr their smartphnes and a plethra f gadgets, Xiami set its sights n the electric vehicle (EV) market, a realm dminated by the likes f Tesla and BYD. The year was 2021, and the stage was set fr a new chapter in Xiami's legacy with the annuncement f their first electric car, the SU7.
The SU7 was nt just any car; it was a symbl f innvatin and a testament t Xiami's cmmitment t the future. With a starting price pint significantly lwer than that f Tesla's Mdel 3, the SU7 aimed t disrupt the market with its affrdability and impressive range f at least 700 kilmetres n a single charge. This was a bld claim, ne that pitted the SU7 against the best in the industry.
The design f the SU7 was a masterpiece f aerdynamics and aesthetics, basting a drag cefficient f Cd0.195, which was the lwest glbally at the time. Its sleek, futuristic silhuette and spacius interir, cmplete with a 3000mm wheelbase, made it a head-turner and a cmfrtable ride. The car's interir was a cntinuatin f Xiami's eths f human-centred design, with a luxurius yet warm ambiance, digital dashbard, and a large central cntrl screen that seamlessly integrated with Xiami's smart ecsystem
Under the hd, the SU7 was pwered by Xiami's HyperEngine, a mtr that prmised bth efficiency and a thrilling acceleratin. Cupled with Xiami's prprietary CTB (Cell t Bdy) technlgy, the car nt nly basted an enhanced driving range but als a lwer centre f gravity fr imprved stability
The handling characteristics f the SU7 was nthing shrt f exceptinal, thanks t its advanced chassis technlgy and full-stack in-huse intelligent driving features. Whether navigating city streets r cruising n highways, the SU7 ffered precise steering, stable suspensin, and intelligent driving assistance that instilled cnfidence and ease
The launch f the SU7 was met with an verwhelming respnse. Within minutes f pening pre-rders, the SU7 had already brken recrds with thusands f rders puring in, a testament t the public's excitement and trust in Xiami's fray int the EV market. This was nt just a car; it was a statement, a declaratin f Xiami's ambitin t becme ne f the wrld's tp five car manufacturers within the next 15 t 20 years
The stry f the SU7 is ne f curage and determinatin, led by Xiami's funder, Lei Jun. He persnally drve the car, learned t race, and participated in winter and summer tests, ensuring that every aspect f the car met the high standards he set. His hands-n apprach and belief in the team's passin fr cars were instrumental in the SU7's success.
In the annals f autmtive histry, the Xiami SU7 will be remembered as a trailblazer, a car that nt nly captured the imaginatin f the public but als redefined what it means t be a high-perfrmance electric vehicle. It is a stry f a cmpany that dared t dream and, in ding s, created a legacy that will ech thrugh the ages.
4. What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
A. The price and range f the Xiami SU7.
B. The design and interir features f the Xiami SU7.
C. The perfrmance and technlgy f the Xiami SU7.
D. The public's respnse t the launch f the Xiami SU7.
5. What can be inferred abut Xiami's strategy with the SU7 frm the passage?
A. Xiami aimed t cmpete with high-end luxury car brands.
B. Xiami intended t enter the EV market with a high-priced flagship mdel.
C. Xiami's gal was t ffer an affrdable yet high-perfrmance EV t disrupt the market.
D. Xiami's primary fcus was n designing a car with the lwest pssible price.
6. Based n the cntext, what des the term "CTB technlgy" mst likely refer t?
A. A type f high-perfrmance engine.
B. A technlgy that imprves battery life.
C. A chassis design fr better stability.
D. A technlgy that integrates the battery cells with the car's bdy structure.
7. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The design and features f the Xiami SU7.
B. The challenges faced by Xiami in the EV market.
C. The stry f Xiami's entry int the electric vehicle market with the SU7.
D. The glbal impact f Xiami's HyperEngine technlgy.
【答案與解析】
4. 段落大意題:
- 正確答案：B. The design and interir features f the Xiami SU7.
- 第二段主要描述了SU7的設(shè)計(jì)和內(nèi)飾特點(diǎn)，包括其流線(xiàn)型外觀、寬敞的內(nèi)部空間和先進(jìn)的技術(shù)集成。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?br> - A. The price and range f the Xiami SU7：這些信息在第一段提到，而不是第二段。
- C. The perfrmance and technlgy f the Xiami SU7：雖然提到了技術(shù)，但第二段更側(cè)重于設(shè)計(jì)和內(nèi)飾。
- D. The public's respnse t the launch f the Xiami SU7：公眾的反應(yīng)在文章的后半部分提到，而不是第二段。
5. 推理推斷題:
- 正確答案：C. Xiami's gal was t ffer an affrdable yet high-perfrmance EV t disrupt the market.
- 原文中提到小米SU7的起售價(jià)顯著低于特斯拉Mdel 3，且續(xù)航里程至少700公里，這表明小米旨在提供一款性?xún)r(jià)比高的電動(dòng)汽車(chē)，以顛覆市場(chǎng)。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?br> - A. Xiami aimed t cmpete with high-end luxury car brands：原文沒(méi)有提到小米旨在與高端豪華車(chē)品牌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
- B. Xiami intended t enter the EV market with a high-priced flagship mdel：原文明確提到小米SU7的起售價(jià)低，與此選項(xiàng)相矛盾。
- D. Xiami's primary fcus was n designing a car with the lwest pssible price：原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是性?xún)r(jià)比，而不僅僅是最低價(jià)格。
6. 猜詞題:
- 正確答案：D. A technlgy that integrates the battery cells with the car's bdy structure.
- 原文中提到的CTB技術(shù)指的是電芯與車(chē)身結(jié)構(gòu)集成的技術(shù)，這有助于提高車(chē)輛的性能和穩(wěn)定性。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?br> - A. A type f high-perfrmance engine：CTB技術(shù)與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)類(lèi)型無(wú)關(guān)。
- B. A technlgy that imprves battery life：CTB技術(shù)涉及電池與車(chē)身的集成，而不是電池壽命。
- C. A chassis design fr better stability：CTB技術(shù)可能有助于穩(wěn)定性，但原文中并沒(méi)有直接提到底盤(pán)設(shè)計(jì)。
7. 主旨大意題:
- 正確答案：C. The stry f Xiami's entry int the electric vehicle market with the SU7.
- 整篇文章講述了小米以其SU7車(chē)型進(jìn)入電動(dòng)汽車(chē)市場(chǎng)的故事，包括其特點(diǎn)、市場(chǎng)定位和對(duì)行業(yè)的潛在影響。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?br> - A. The design and features f the Xiami SU7：雖然文章提到了SU7的設(shè)計(jì)和特點(diǎn)，但這不是文章的主旨。
- B. The challenges faced by Xiami in the EV market：文章沒(méi)有特別提到小米在EV市場(chǎng)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
- D. The glbal impact f Xiami's HyperEngine technlgy：文章沒(méi)有討論HyperEngine技術(shù)的全球影響。
這些解析依據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，詳細(xì)解釋了每個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案選擇依據(jù)，并且解釋了為什么其他選項(xiàng)不正確。希望這能幫助您更深入地理解文章的內(nèi)容和每個(gè)問(wèn)題的正確答案。
C
Science shuld guide plicy, but cautin is needed when technlgies like CRISPR have the ptential t exclude rather than assist peple t live their lives.
CRISPR can be used t treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, mre wrrying prmise f this technlgy — ne abut which scientists seem at nce excited and cautius — lies in its ability t eliminate frm the gene pl what medical science identifies as faulty r abnrmal genes that cause difference in individual peple. Certainly, ges the lgic f CRISPR’s prmise, the gal f ridding future generatins f terrible diseases that cause suffering and death and exhaust resurces, seems an unquestinable enterprise.
This lgic is cnsistent with wider scietal views. The idea that ridding sciety f genetic differences that cunt as defect is an undeniable “gd” cntinues t be pervasive. Editing ut a gene-linked cnditin, supprters may argue, is different frm editing ut a persn, and curing disease is a gd thing. But ur genetic cnditins are nt simply entities that can be clipped away frm us and ur genetic cnditins frm a fundamental part f wh we are.
Using genme manipulatin tls and perfrming genetic selectin is equal t a new frm f eugenic thinking grunded in what the cmmunicatins studies schlar James L. Chemey calls “cmmn sense” ableism, a belief system that allws peple t simultaneusly deny any cmmitment t distasteful eugenic principles while als hlding them up. Ultimately, “cmmn sense” ableism embdies a similar gal f cleansing unacceptable human variatins that the campaigns t eliminate the suppsedly inferir have held in the past.
Peple with “bad” genes shuldn’t be edited ut f existence in sme versin f a utpian future. Evaluating the quality f life f anther persn is mrally questinable in a sciety based n the cncept that all peple are f equal value regardless f their individual differences.
Expanding diversity in all its frms, including disability, strengthens the human cmmunity ethically and bilgically because it pens the public and private sphere t a variety f perspectives, experiences and ideas t live tgether with mutual flurishing.
Genme editing is pwerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can als be harmful by editing ut the kinds f peple that medical science, and the sciety it has shaped, categrize as diseased r genetically cntaminated — peple wh are understd as having bad genes. We shuld be reminded that bad genes dn’t necessarily lead t bad lives, just as gd genes dn’t necessarily lead t gd lives. If CRISPR is put t use t eliminate rather than t treat genetic difference, we as a sciety wuld essentially instrumentalize this mralistic and reductinist assumptin..
8. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing best describes the authr's view n the use f CRISPR t eliminate genetic defects?
A. The authr fully supprts the use f CRISPR fr the betterment f human health.
B. The authr is cncerned abut the ptential misuse f CRISPR t exclude individuals with genetic differences.
C. The authr believes that CRISPR shuld nly be used fr treating severe diseases with clear genetic causes.
D. The authr argues that CRISPR technlgy is inherently flawed and shuld nt be used at all.
9. What can be inferred frm the authr's discussin abut "cmmn sense" ableism?
A. The authr believes that ableism is a ratinal apprach t genetic diversity.
B. The authr suggests that "cmmn sense" ableism is a subtle frm f discriminatin that is widely accepted.
C. The authr thinks that "cmmn sense" ableism is a new cncept intrduced by James L. Chemey.
D. The authr argues that "cmmn sense" ableism is a psitive develpment in the field f genetics.
10. The authr emplys the term "utpian future" t describe a sciety that edits ut "bad" genes. What is the rhetrical effect f this term?
A. It evkes a sense f idealism and prgress in genetic engineering.
B. It highlights the ptential dangers f verreaching in genetic mdificatin.
C. It suggests that such a future is impssible and therefre nt wrth discussing.
D. It emphasizes the authr's supprt fr a future free f genetic diseases.
11. What is the main argument f the passage?
A. CRISPR technlgy has the ptential t cause mre harm than gd if nt used cautiusly.
B. Genetic diversity shuld be preserved because it enriches sciety ethically and bilgically.
C. The scietal view that genetic defects shuld be eliminated is mrally and ethically flawed.
D. The use f CRISPR t treat diseases is a clear and unquestinable gd.
【答案與解析】
8. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題:
- 正確答案：B. a questinable tl fr remving faulty genes
- 原文提到了CRISPR技術(shù)可能排除而不是幫助人們生活的可能性，表明作者對(duì)這種技術(shù)的使用持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?br> - A. a necessary evil in treating severe diseases：原文并沒(méi)有將CRISPR描述為“必要的惡”，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)了其潛在的排除個(gè)體的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
- C. a prmising technlgy t cnserve resurces：原文沒(méi)有提到資源保護(hù)，而是討論了消除遺傳差異的道德問(wèn)題。
- D. a lgical apprach t imprving human genetics：原文中作者質(zhì)疑了這種邏輯，認(rèn)為它可能導(dǎo)致排除個(gè)體，而不是改善人類(lèi)遺傳。
9. 推理題:
- 正確答案：B. cmpare genetic selectin t eugenic thinking
- 原文中提到了“cmmn sense” ableism與優(yōu)生學(xué)思維的相似之處，指出它們都旨在清除不可接受的人類(lèi)變異。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?br> - A. trace the evlutin f genetic selectin in histry：原文沒(méi)有追溯遺傳選擇的歷史演變。
- C. ffer an example f campaigns t remve bad genes：原文沒(méi)有提供具體的運(yùn)動(dòng)例子，而是討論了這種思維的一般概念。
- D. reveal the rt f the scietal view n genetic differences：原文沒(méi)有揭示社會(huì)對(duì)遺傳差異觀點(diǎn)的根源，而是批評(píng)了這種觀點(diǎn)。
10. 修辭手法分析題:
- 正確答案：B. It highlights the ptential dangers f verreaching in genetic mdificatin.
- 原文中使用“utpian future”來(lái)暗示一個(gè)理想化的未來(lái)，其中通過(guò)基因編輯消除所謂的“壞”基因，但實(shí)際上作者認(rèn)為這種做法是有問(wèn)題的。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?br> - A. It evkes a sense f idealism and prgress in genetic engineering：這與作者的意圖相反，作者批評(píng)了這種理想化的未來(lái)。
- C. It suggests that such a future is impssible and therefre nt wrth discussing：原文并沒(méi)有說(shuō)這樣的未來(lái)不可能，而是批評(píng)了追求這種未來(lái)的想法。
- D. It emphasizes the authr's supprt fr a future free f genetic diseases：作者并沒(méi)有支持一個(gè)沒(méi)有遺傳疾病的未來(lái)，而是批評(píng)了這種追求。
11. 主旨大意題:
- 正確答案：C. In Defense f Our Bad Genes
- 文章主要討論了保護(hù)遺傳多樣性的重要性，反對(duì)將某些基因標(biāo)記為“壞”并試圖消除它們。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?br> - A. The Dark Side f CRISPR：雖然文章討論了CRISPR的潛在負(fù)面影響，但主旨更廣泛地涉及了對(duì)遺傳差異的辯護(hù)。
- B. In the Wake f Genetic Selectin：文章并沒(méi)有集中在遺傳選擇的后果上，而是集中在對(duì)遺傳差異的價(jià)值辯護(hù)上。
- D. The Prmise and Price f Gene Editing：雖然文章提到了基因編輯的潛在好處和代價(jià)，但主旨更側(cè)重于辯護(hù)遺傳差異的價(jià)值。
D
“Assume yu are wrng.” The advice came frm Brian Nsek, a psychlgy prfessr, wh was ffering a strategy fr pursuing better science.
T understand the cntext fr Nsek’s advice, we need t take a step back t the nature f science itself. Yu see despite what many f us learned in elementary schl, there is n single scientific methd. Just as scientific theries becme elabrated and change, s d scientific methds.
But methdlgical refrm hasn’t cme withut sme fretting and frictin. Nasty things have been said by and abut methdlgical refrmers. Few peple like having the value f their life’s wrk called int questin. On the ther side, few peple are gd at vicing criticisms in kind and cnstructive ways. S, part f the challenge is figuring ut hw t bake critical self-reflectin int the culture f science itself, s it unflds as a welcme and integrated part f the prcess, and nt an embarrassing sideshw.
What Nsek recmmended was a strategy fr changing the way we ffer and respnd t critique. Assuming yu are right might be a mtivating frce, sustaining the enrmus effrt that cnducting scientific wrk requires. But it als makes it easy t interpret criticisms as persnal attacks. Beginning, instead, frm the assumptin yu are wrng, a criticism is easier t interpret as a cnstructive suggestin fr hw t be less wrng — a gal that yur critic presumably shares.
One wrry abut this apprach is that it culd be demralizing fr scientists. Striving t be less wrng might be a less effective mtivatin than the prmise f being right. Anther cncern is that a strategy that wrks well within science culd backfire when it cmes t cmmunicating science with the public. Withut an appreciatin fr hw science wrks, it’s easy t take uncertainty r disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect sme f the very features f science that make it ur best apprach t reaching reliable cnclusins abut the wrld. Science is reliable because it respnds t evidence: as the quantity and quality f ur evidence imprves, ur theries can and shuld change, t.
Despite these wrries, I like Nsek’s suggestin because it builds in cgnitive humility alng with a sense that we can d better. It als builds in a sense f cmmunity — we’re all in the same bat when it cmes t falling shrt f getting things right.
Unfrtunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypthesis: that assuming ne is wrng can change cmmunity nrms fr the better, and ultimately supprt better science and even, perhaps, better decisins in life. I dn’t knw if that’s true. In fact, I shuld prbably assume that it’s wrng. But with the benefit f the scientific cmmunity and ur best methdlgical tls, I hpe we can get it less wrng, tgether.
12. Accrding t Paragraph 1, what is the cre message f Brian Nsek's advice?
A. Scientists shuld always be cnfident in their methds.
B. The scientific methd is unchanging and universal.
C. There is a need fr a mre self-reflective apprach in the scientific cmmunity.
D. Methdlgical refrmers are ften criticized unfairly.
13. In the cntext f the article, what des the term "methdlgical refrmers" mst likely refer t?
A. Peple wh are against scientific refrms.
B. Scientists wh advcate fr changes in scientific methds.
C. Individuals wh are resistant t change in their scientific wrk.
D. Critics wh questin the value f scientific methds.
14. What is a ptential benefit f adpting the "assume yu are wrng" strategy accrding t the authr?
A. It can reduce persnal attacks in scientific debates.
B. It may lead t a decrease in the mtivatin f scientists.
C. It will make scientific cnclusins mre reliable.
D. It can imprve the public's understanding f science.
15.Cnsidering the "assume yu are wrng" strategy, which f the fllwing applicatins in nn-scientific fields is mst likely t align with the principles discussed in the article?
A. Encuraging business leaders t always trust their initial instincts in making decisins.
B. Training pliticians t be mre defensive abut their plicies t avid admitting faults.
C. Prmting a culture in educatinal institutins where teachers and students actively seek feedback t imprve learning utcmes.
D. Advising jurnalists t stick t their narratives regardless f ppsing views t maintain cnsistency.
【答案與解析】
12. 段落分析題:
- 問(wèn)題: Accrding t Paragraph 1, what is the cre message f Brian Nsek's advice?
- 正確答案: C. There is a need fr a mre self-reflective apprach in the scientific cmmunity.
- 解析: 第一段提到了Brian Nsek的建議，即“假設(shè)你錯(cuò)了”，這是一個(gè)追求更好科學(xué)的戰(zhàn)略。這個(gè)建議的背景是科學(xué)本身的性質(zhì)，以及科學(xué)方法的變化和改進(jìn)。因此，核心信息是需要在科學(xué)界采取更加自我反思的方法。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋:
- A. Scientists shuld always be cnfident in their methds.
- 錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)槲恼聫?qiáng)調(diào)的是自我反思和質(zhì)疑，而不是盲目自信。
- B. The scientific methd is unchanging and universal.
- 錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)槲恼旅鞔_指出科學(xué)方法會(huì)隨著時(shí)間和理論的發(fā)展而變化。
- D. Methdlgical refrmers are ften criticized unfairly.
- 錯(cuò)誤，雖然文章提到了改革者面臨的批評(píng)，但這并不是Nsek建議的核心信息。
13. 詞義猜測(cè)題:
- 問(wèn)題: In the cntext f the article, what des the term "methdlgical refrmers" mst likely refer t?
- 正確答案: B. Scientists wh advcate fr changes in scientific methds.
- 解析: 文章中提到了方法論改革者面臨的爭(zhēng)議和批評(píng)，這表明他們是那些主張改變科學(xué)方法的人。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋:
- A. Peple wh are against scientific refrms.
- 錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)椤癿ethdlgical refrmers”是指支持改革的人，而不是反對(duì)改革的人。
- C. Individuals wh are resistant t change in their scientific wrk.
- 錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)榈挚棺兓娜瞬粫?huì)被稱(chēng)為改革者。
- D. Critics wh questin the value f scientific methds.
- 錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)榕u(píng)者質(zhì)疑科學(xué)方法的價(jià)值，而改革者是提出改進(jìn)建議的人。
14. 推理題:
- 問(wèn)題: What is a ptential benefit f adpting the "assume yu are wrng" strategy accrding t the authr?
- 正確答案: A. It can reduce persnal attacks in scientific debates.
- 解析: 文章中提到，從“假設(shè)你錯(cuò)了”的立場(chǎng)出發(fā)，批評(píng)更容易被解釋為建設(shè)性的建議，而不是個(gè)人攻擊。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋:
- B. It may lead t a decrease in the mtivatin f scientists.
- 錯(cuò)誤，雖然這是一個(gè)擔(dān)憂(yōu)，但文章并沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)這會(huì)減少科學(xué)家的動(dòng)力。
- C. It will make scientific cnclusins mre reliable.
- 錯(cuò)誤，文章沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)這個(gè)策略會(huì)使科學(xué)結(jié)論更可靠，而是說(shuō)它有助于響應(yīng)證據(jù)。
- D. It can imprve the public's understanding f science.
- 錯(cuò)誤，文章討論了這個(gè)策略可能在公眾溝通中適得其反，而不是改善公眾理解。
15. 聯(lián)系實(shí)際的選擇題:
- 問(wèn)題: Cnsidering the "assume yu are wrng" strategy, which f the fllwing applicatins in nn-scientific fields is mst likely t align with the principles discussed in the article?
- 正確答案: C. Prmting a culture in educatinal institutins where teachers and students actively seek feedback t imprve learning utcmes.
- 解析: 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文章中提倡的策略相符，即通過(guò)接受反饋和批評(píng)來(lái)改進(jìn)，這與教育領(lǐng)域中尋求反饋以改善學(xué)習(xí)成果的文化相一致。
- 其他選項(xiàng)解釋:
- A. Encuraging business leaders t always trust their initial instincts in making decisins.
- 錯(cuò)誤，這與文章提倡的自我反思和接受批評(píng)的策略相悖。
- B. Training pliticians t be mre defensive abut their plicies t avid admitting faults.
- 錯(cuò)誤，這與文章中提倡的開(kāi)放性和接受批評(píng)的態(tài)度相反。
- D. Advising jurnalists t stick t their narratives regardless f ppsing views t maintain cnsistency.
- 錯(cuò)誤，文章中提倡的是從可能錯(cuò)誤的角度出發(fā)，接受批評(píng)和反饋，而不是堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)不顧反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。
第二節(jié) (共5小題; 每小題2.5分, 滿(mǎn)分12.5分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Artificial-intelligence systems like Grammarly, an autmated grammar-checker, are trained with data. Fr instance, translatin sftware is fed sentences translated by humans, Grammarly's training data invlve a large number f standard errr-free sentences and human-crrected sentences. 16 The sftware then lks at a user's writing: if a line f wrds seems ungrammatical, it tries t spt hw the generally suppsed mistake is mst clsely similar t ne frm its training inputs.
17 Advances in language technlgy have been impressive in, fr example, speech recgnitin, which invlves anther srt f statistical guess—whether r nt a stretch f sund matches a certain line f wrds. 18 It can rate the tne f an email befre yu send it, after being trained n texts that have been assessed by humans, fr example as “admiring” r “cnfident”.
But grammar is the real magic f language, jining wrds int structures, jining thse structures int sentences, and ding s in a way that maps nt meaning. 19 Cmputers can analyze grammatical sentences fairly well, labeling things like nuns and verb phrases. But they struggle with sentences that are difficult t analyze, precisely because they are ungrammatical—in ther wrds, written by the kind f persn wh needs Grammarly.
20 T crrect such writing requires knwing what the writer intended. But cmputers dn't wrk in meaning r intentin, they wrk in frmulae. Humans, by cntrast, can usually understand even sentences that are nt grammatically crrect, because f the ability t guess the cntents f ther minds. Grammar-checking cmputers illustrate nt hw bad humans are with language, but just hw gd.
A. Grammarly can seem t miss mre errrs than it marks.
B. One Grammarly feature that wrks fairly well is feeing analysis.
C. T crrect such writing requires knwing what the writer intended.
D. Grammarly has sme bvius strengths in understanding meaning r intentins.
E. Cmputers utpace humans at prblems that can be slved with pure maths.
F. Develpers als add certain rules t the patterns Grammarly has taught itself.
G. In this decisive structure—meaning cnnectin, machines are n match fr humans.
【答案與解析】
16. 空格前文提到Grammarly的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)包含大量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)無(wú)錯(cuò)句和人工糾正的句子，軟件會(huì)查看用戶(hù)寫(xiě)作中的每行文字，如果看起來(lái)不合語(yǔ)法，會(huì)嘗試找出與其訓(xùn)練輸入中最相似的普遍假定錯(cuò)誤。 這里適合填入的是關(guān)于Grammarly如何工作的進(jìn)一步解釋或補(bǔ)充信息。最合適的選項(xiàng)是：
- F. Develpers als add certain rules t the patterns Grammarly has taught itself. 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)說(shuō)明了開(kāi)發(fā)者還會(huì)添加特定的規(guī)則到Grammarly自學(xué)的模式中，這與前文提到的軟件如何識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤是相符合的。
17. 空格提到了語(yǔ)言技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，特別是語(yǔ)音識(shí)別，這涉及到另一種統(tǒng)計(jì)猜測(cè)——一段聲音是否與某行文字匹配。 這里適合填入的是關(guān)于語(yǔ)言技術(shù)其他應(yīng)用的信息。最合適的選項(xiàng)是：
- B. One Grammarly feature that wrks fairly well is tne analysis. 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)提到了Grammarly在語(yǔ)氣分析方面的功能，這與前文提到的語(yǔ)音識(shí)別和郵件發(fā)送前的語(yǔ)調(diào)評(píng)估相呼應(yīng)。
18. 空格討論了語(yǔ)法是語(yǔ)言的真正魔力，將單詞組合成結(jié)構(gòu)，將這些結(jié)構(gòu)組合成句子，并以映射到意義的方式進(jìn)行。 這里適合填入的是強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)算機(jī)在處理語(yǔ)法和意義上的局限性。最合適的選項(xiàng)是：
- G. In this decisive structure—meaning cnnectin, machines are n match fr humans. 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了在結(jié)構(gòu)—意義連接的決定性環(huán)節(jié)中，機(jī)器無(wú)法與人類(lèi)匹敵，這與前文提到的計(jì)算機(jī)分析語(yǔ)法句子和人類(lèi)理解非語(yǔ)法句子的能力相呼應(yīng)。
19. 空格提到計(jì)算機(jī)可以相當(dāng)好地分析語(yǔ)法句子，標(biāo)記名詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等，但它們難以分析難以分析的句子，因?yàn)樗鼈儾缓险Z(yǔ)法。 這里適合填入的是關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)在理解意圖和意義上的局限性。最合適的選項(xiàng)是：
- C. T crrect such writing requires knwing what the writer intended. 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)說(shuō)明了糾正這類(lèi)寫(xiě)作需要知道作者的意圖，這與前文提到的計(jì)算機(jī)在處理不合語(yǔ)法句子時(shí)的挑戰(zhàn)相符合。
20. 空格討論了計(jì)算機(jī)不理解意圖和意義，它們工作在公式上，而人類(lèi)可以理解即使不合語(yǔ)法的句子，因?yàn)槟軌虿聹y(cè)他人的思維內(nèi)容。 這里適合填入的是關(guān)于Grammarly可能錯(cuò)過(guò)錯(cuò)誤的信息。最合適的選項(xiàng)是：
- A. Grammarly can seem t miss mre errrs than it marks. 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)提到了Grammarly似乎錯(cuò)過(guò)的錯(cuò)誤比它標(biāo)記的要多，這與前文提到的計(jì)算機(jī)在理解意圖和意義上的局限性相呼應(yīng)。
第三部分 語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用
第一節(jié) (共15小題； 每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C和 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
Heads r Tails?
Careful: It’s nt 50-50
The phrase “cin tss” is a classic synnym fr randmness. But since the 18th century, mathematicians have _________ that even fair cins tend t land n ne side slightly mre ften than the ther. Prving this tiny bias, _________, wuld require hundreds f thusands f carefully recrded cin flips, making labratry tests a lgistical (后勤的，組織協(xié)調(diào)的) _________.?
Franti?ek Bart?, currently a Ph.D. candidate studying the research methds f psychlgy at the University f Amsterdam, became interested in this _________ fur years ag. He culdn’t _________ enugh vlunteers t investigate it at first. But after he began his Ph.D. studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 vlunteers frm six cuntries. Multiple weekends f cin flipping later, including ne 12-hur marathn _________, the team perfrmed 350,757 tsses, breaking the previus recrd f 40,000.
With ne side initially upward, the flipped cin landed with the same side facing _________ as befre the tss 50.8 percent f the time. The large number f thrws allws _________ t cnclude that the nearly 1 percent bias isn’t a fluke (僥幸). “We can be quite sure there is a bias in cin flips after this data set,” Bart? says.
The leading thery explaining the _________ advantage cmes frm a 2007 physics study by Stanfrd University statisticians, whse calculatins predicted a same-side bias f 51 percent. Frm the mment a cin is launched int the air, its entire track — including whether it lands n heads r tails — can be calculated by the laws f __________. The researchers determined that airbrne cins dn’t turn arund their symmetrical axis (對(duì)稱(chēng)軸); __________, they tend t mve ff-center, which causes them t spend a little mre time high in the air with their initial “up” side n tp.
Fr day-t-day decisins, cin tsses are as gd as randm because a 1 percent bias isn’t __________ with just a few cin flips, says statistician Ameli, wh wasn’t invlved in the new research. Still, the study’s cnclusins shuld eliminate any lasting dubt regarding the cin flip’s slight bias. “This is great experiment-based evidence __________ the bias,” she says.
It isn’t difficult t prevent this bias frm influencing yur cin-tss matches; simply __________ the cin’s starting psitin befre flipping it shuld d the trick. But if yur friends are __________ the tiny bias, yu may as well benefit frm yur slight advantage. After all, 51 percent dds beat a casin’s huse advantage. “If yu asked me t bet n a cin,” Bart? says, “why wuldn’t I give myself a 1 percent bias?”
21.A．cnfirmed B．denied C．Recrded D．suspected
22.A．therefre B．hwever C．fr example D．vice versa
23.A．nightmare B．cntext C．Interventin D．delay
24.A．cinage B．Discipline C．Challenge D．phrase
25.A．cperate with B．rund up C．shrug aside D．cunt n
26.A．a(chǎn)nalysis B．race C．interviewD．sessin
27.A．upward B．evenly C．Dwnward D．unifrmly
28.A．Vlunteers B．gamblers C．Psychlgists D．statisticians
29.A．Accidental B．dminant C．subtle D．prejudiced
30.A．Mechanics B．relativity C．gemetry D．chemistry
31.A．mrever B．instead C．Likewise D．initially
32.A．Insignificant B．Accessible C．inclusive D．perceptible
33.A．reversing B．integrating with C．backing up D．rejecting
34.A．Cncealing B．shifting C．Perceiving D．a(chǎn)nchring
35.A．favurable t B．ppsed t C．unaware f D．suspicius f
【答案與解析】
21. D. suspected
- 解析: 文章提到自18世紀(jì)以來(lái)，數(shù)學(xué)家們已經(jīng)懷疑即使是公平的硬幣也傾向于稍微更頻繁地落在某一側(cè)。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. cnfirmed：文章中沒(méi)有提到數(shù)學(xué)家們已經(jīng)確認(rèn)了這種偏見(jiàn)。
- B. denied：否認(rèn)與文章內(nèi)容相矛盾，因?yàn)槲恼掠懻摿似?jiàn)的存在。
- C. recrded：記錄并不涉及對(duì)偏見(jiàn)的懷疑或確認(rèn)。
22. A. cnfirmed
- 解析: 證明這種微小的偏見(jiàn)需要成千上萬(wàn)次仔細(xì)記錄的硬幣投擲，意味著之前的懷疑已被證實(shí)。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- B. denied：否認(rèn)與文章內(nèi)容相矛盾。
- C. fr example：例如并不適用于此處的語(yǔ)境。
- D. vice versa：反之亦然，與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
23. A. nightmare
- 解析: 進(jìn)行成千上萬(wàn)次硬幣投擲的實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試在后勤上是一場(chǎng)噩夢(mèng)。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- B. cntext：上下文與此處討論的后勤問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)。
- C. interventin：干預(yù)不適用于描述實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試的困難。
- D. delay：延遲并不直接關(guān)聯(lián)到實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試的困難。
24. C. challenge
- 解析: Franti?ek Bart? 對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)感興趣，意味著他想探究硬幣投擲的偏見(jiàn)問(wèn)題。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. cinage：造幣與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- B. discipline：學(xué)科不適用于描述硬幣投擲的問(wèn)題。
- D. phrase：短語(yǔ)不適用于描述Bart?感興趣的問(wèn)題。
25. D. cunt n
- 解析: 他最初無(wú)法召集足夠的志愿者來(lái)研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題，意味著他依賴(lài)于志愿者的幫助。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. cperate with：合作并不直接關(guān)聯(lián)到召集志愿者的問(wèn)題。
- B. rund up：圍捕與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- C. shrug aside：忽視不適用于描述Bart?對(duì)志愿者的需求。
26. D. sessin
- 解析: 一個(gè)12小時(shí)的馬拉松硬幣投擲會(huì)話(huà)，意味著長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的硬幣投擲活動(dòng)。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. analysis：分析并不直接關(guān)聯(lián)到硬幣投擲的活動(dòng)。
- B. race：比賽與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- C. interview：面試不適用于描述硬幣投擲的活動(dòng)。
27. A. upward
- 解析: 硬幣以一側(cè)向上翻轉(zhuǎn)后，以相同側(cè)向上落地的比例為50.8%，意味著硬幣保持了初始的向上狀態(tài)。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- B. evenly：均勻并不適用于描述硬幣投擲的結(jié)果。
- C. dwnward：向下與文章內(nèi)容相反。
- D. unifrmly：一致也不適用于描述硬幣投擲的結(jié)果。
28. A. vlunteers
- 解析: 從六個(gè)國(guó)家招募了47名志愿者進(jìn)行硬幣投擲實(shí)驗(yàn)。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- B. gamblers：賭徒與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- C. psychlgists：心理學(xué)家不適用于描述參與硬幣投擲的人。
- D. statisticians：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家不適用于描述參與硬幣投擲的人。
29. C. subtle
- 解析: 幾乎1%的偏見(jiàn)是非常微妙的，意味著它很小但可被檢測(cè)到。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. accidental：偶然的意味著不是故意的，與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- B. dminant：主導(dǎo)的與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- D. prejudiced：有偏見(jiàn)的與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
30. A. mechanics
- 解析: 硬幣的整個(gè)軌跡，包括它落在正面還是反面，可以通過(guò)力學(xué)定律來(lái)計(jì)算。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- B. relativity：相對(duì)論與硬幣投擲的力學(xué)無(wú)關(guān)。
- C. gemetry：幾何學(xué)與硬幣投擲的力學(xué)無(wú)關(guān)。
- D. chemistry：化學(xué)與硬幣投擲的力學(xué)無(wú)關(guān)。
31. B. instead
- 解析: 硬幣在空中不圍繞它們的對(duì)稱(chēng)軸翻轉(zhuǎn)；相反，它們傾向于偏移中心，意味著它們傾向于以初始的“向上”側(cè)保持更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. mrever：此外與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- C. likewise：同樣與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- D. initially：最初與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
32. D. perceptible
- 解析: 1%的偏見(jiàn)在僅僅幾次硬幣投擲中是可感知的，意味著它足夠大以至于可以被注意到。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. insignificant：不顯著與文章內(nèi)容相反。
- B. accessible：可訪(fǎng)問(wèn)的與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- C. inclusive：包容的與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
33. C. backing up
- 解析: 這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論應(yīng)該消除對(duì)硬幣投擲輕微偏見(jiàn)的任何持續(xù)懷疑，意味著結(jié)論支持了偏見(jiàn)的存在。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. reversing：反轉(zhuǎn)與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- B. integrating with：與...集成與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- D. rejecting：拒絕與此處內(nèi)容相反。
34. D. anchring
- 解析: 改變硬幣的起始位置可以防止偏見(jiàn)影響你的硬幣投擲比賽，意味著起始位置是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. cncealing：隱藏與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- B. shifting：轉(zhuǎn)移與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- C. perceiving：感知與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
35. C. unaware f
- 解析: 如果你的朋友沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這個(gè)微小的偏見(jiàn)，你可能會(huì)從你的輕微優(yōu)勢(shì)中受益。其他選項(xiàng)與上下文不符。
- 其他選項(xiàng):
- A. favurable t：有利于與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- B. ppsed t：反對(duì)與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
- D. suspicius f：懷疑與此處內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。
第二節(jié) (共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
The fairest wman in the wrld was Helen. 36 was the fame f her beauty that there was nt a single yung prince in all f Greece that didn’t wish t marry her. When her suitrs assembled in her hme t make a frmal prpsal fr her hand there were s many frm such pwerful families that her reputed father King Tyndareus, was afraid t select ne frm amngst them, fearing that the thers wuld unite against him. He therefre demanded first a slemn path frm all 37 they wuld stand up fr the cause f Helen’s husband, whever he might be, if any wrng was dne t him thrugh his marriage. Then Tyndareus chse Menelaus, the brther f Agamemnn, and made him King f Sparta as well.
S matters std when Paris gave the glden apple t Aphrdite. The Gddess f Lve and Beauty knew very well where the mst beautiful wman n earth was 38 (find). She led the yung shepherd straight t Sparta, where Menelaus and Helen received him graciusly as their guest. The ties between guest and hst were strng. But Paris brke that sacred bnd. Menelaus, trusting cmpletely t it, left Paris in his hme and went ff t Crete.
Menelaus returned t find Helen gne, and he called upn all f Greece t help recver her. The chieftains respnded 39 they were bliged t d. They eagerly arrived fr the great expeditin, 40 (crss) the sea and lay mighty Try in ashes. Tw f the first rank, hwever, were missing: Odysseus. King f the Island f Ithaca, and Achilles, the sn f Peleus and the sea nymph Thetis. Odysseus, wh was ne f 41 (shrewd) men in Greece, did nt want t leave his huse and family t embark n a rmantic adventure verseas fr the sake f a faithless wman. He pretended, therefre, that he had gne mad, and when a messenger frm the Greek
Army had arrived, the King was plwing a field and swing it with salt 42 seed. But the messenger seized Odysseus’ little sn and put him directly in the way f the plw. Instantly the father turned the plw aside, thus 43 (prve) that he had all his wits abut him. Hwever reluctant, he had t jin the Army.
Achilles was kept back by his mther. She sent him t the curt f Lycmedes and made him wear wmen’s clthing, hiding him amng the maidens. Odysseus was dispatched by the chieftains t bring him ut. Disguised as a peddler he went t the curt 44 Achilles was said t be, with gay rnaments in his pack such as wmen lve, and als sme fine weapns. While the girls flcked arund the trinkets, Achilles fingered each f the swrds and daggers. Odysseus knew him then, and he had n truble at all in making him disregard what his mther had said and 45 (g) t the Greek camp with him.?
S the great fleet made ready.
【答案與解析】
36. - 原文：“was the fame f her beauty”表明這里需要一個(gè)連詞來(lái)連接前后句，表示“她的美貌是如此的有名”。
- 答案：such
37. - 原文：“frm all they wuld stand up fr the cause f Helen’s husband”表明這里需要一個(gè)賓格代詞來(lái)指代前面提到的“all”。
- 答案：whm
38. - 原文：“where the mst beautiful wman n earth was”需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式來(lái)完成句子，表示“地球上最美麗的女人在哪里可以被找到”。
- 答案：t be fund
39. - 原文：“The chieftains respnded”后需要一個(gè)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明他們?nèi)绾位貞?yīng)，這里需要一個(gè)表示他們有義務(wù)這樣做的表達(dá)。
- 答案：as
40. - 原文：“They eagerly arrived fr the great expeditin, crss the sea and lay mighty Try in ashes.”需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式來(lái)修飾前面的“expeditin”，表示“跨越海洋”的動(dòng)作。
- 答案：crssing
41. - 原文：“Odysseus, wh was ne f shrewd men in Greece”需要一個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)形式來(lái)完成句子，表示“奧德修斯是希臘最精明的人之一”。
- 答案：shrewdest
42. - 原文：“swing it with salt seed”需要一個(gè)名詞來(lái)完成句子，表示“用鹽作為種子播種”。
- 答案：salt
43. - 原文：“thus prve that he had all his wits abut him”需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式來(lái)完成句子，表示“因此證明了他完全清醒”。
- 答案：prving
44. - 原文：“Disguised as a peddler he went t the curt Achilles was said t be”需要一個(gè)連詞來(lái)連接兩個(gè)從句，表示“偽裝成小販，他去了據(jù)說(shuō)阿喀琉斯所在的宮廷”。
- 答案：where
45. - 原文：“and he had n truble at all in making him disregard what his mther had said and g t the Greek camp with him”需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)完成句子，表示“并且他毫不費(fèi)力地讓他不顧他母親的話(huà)，和他一起去希臘營(yíng)地”。
- 答案：g
第四部分 寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)
第一節(jié) (滿(mǎn)分15分)
46．你校英文報(bào)征文，請(qǐng)結(jié)合以下四幅圖片中的任意一幅或幾幅，按要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇100詞左右的作文。
要求：1.題目自擬；
2.簡(jiǎn)述圖片中的現(xiàn)象；
3.發(fā)表自己的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
例文：
題目：The Distractin f Mbile Phnes: A Call fr Balance
In the cntemprary tableau captured in the image, a cuple is engrssed in their mbile phnes, blivius t the sumptuus feast befre them. This scene is a micrcsm f a brader scietal trend where digital devices ften supplant genuine human interactin, leading t a state f alienatin.
The prliferatin f smartphnes has ushered in an era where cnnectivity knws n bunds. These devices, with their myriad functinalities, have becme the hub f ur digital lives. They empwer us t navigate the vast expanse f the internet, t chrnicle ur musings n scial platfrms, and t capture and share the fleeting mments f ur existence with unprecedented ease.
Hwever, this cnvenience cmes at a cst. The very technlgy that prmised t bring us clser has, in many instances, driven us apart. The cuple in the image, ptentially nce bund by shared experiences and cnversatins, nw finds their attentin riveted t the glw f their screens. Their phnes have becme the interlper, the third wheel in their relatinship, diluting the ptency f their cnnectin.
It is imperative that we strike a balance. We must nt allw the allure f ur mbile devices t eclipse the value f face-t-face engagement. T fster meaningful relatinships and t preserve the sanctity f ur interactins, we ught t cultivate the art f presence. When in the cmpany f lved nes, we shuld stw away ur phnes and immerse urselves in the richness f the mment.
In cnclusin, while mbile phnes are a testament t human ingenuity, they shuld nt becme the arbiters f ur scial lives. Let us use them as tls t enhance ur experiences, nt as substitutes fr the authentic human tuch. After all, it is the warmth f a shared meal, the depth f a heartfelt cnversatin, and the jy f a shared laugh that truly nurishes the sul.
This refined cmpsitin emplys a sphisticated lexicn and a diverse array f sentence structures, including metaphrical language and a direct appeal t the reader, t address the impact f mbile phnes n interpersnal relatinships.
在這篇范文中，我們可以看到多種高級(jí)句型和修辭手法的運(yùn)用，這些技巧不僅增強(qiáng)了文章的表達(dá)力，也提升了其說(shuō)服力。以下是對(duì)文中一些高分句型的解析和可能的拓展：
1. 高分句型1： "This scene is a micrcsm f a brader scietal trend where digital devices ften supplant genuine human interactin, leading t a state f alienatin."
- 解析： 這句話(huà)使用了比喻（"a micrcsm" 表示“微觀世界”），將圖片中的場(chǎng)景比作社會(huì)趨勢(shì)的一個(gè)縮影，強(qiáng)調(diào)了手機(jī)對(duì)人際關(guān)系的影響。
- 拓展： "Just as a single drp can reflect the sun, this image mirrrs the pervasive impact f technlgy n ur scial fabric."
2. 高分句型2： "The prliferatin f smartphnes has ushered in an era where cnnectivity knws n bunds."
- 解析： 這里使用了擬人（"cnnectivity knws n bunds"），賦予了“連通性”以生命，強(qiáng)調(diào)了智能手機(jī)帶來(lái)的無(wú)限連接。
- 拓展： "The ubiquity f smartphnes has catapulted us int an epch f bundless intercnnectivity, redefining the cnturs f ur scial landscape."
3. 高分句型3： "Hwever, this cnvenience cmes at a cst."
- 解析： 這句話(huà)簡(jiǎn)潔而深刻，指出了便利性背后的犧牲。
- 拓展： "Yet, this facade f cnvenience cnceals a mre prfund sacrifice, the ersin f authentic human bnds."
4. 高分句型4： "The cuple in the image, ptentially nce bund by shared experiences and cnversatins, nw finds their attentin riveted t the glw f their screens."
- 解析： 使用了對(duì)比（"nce bund... nw finds"），突出了過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在的差異，強(qiáng)調(diào)了手機(jī)對(duì)關(guān)系的沖擊。
- 拓展： "Once united by the threads f shared stries and laughter, the cuple is nw ensnared by the luminescence f their screens, a stark cntrast t their frmer unity."
5. 高分句型5： "It is imperative that we strike a balance."
- 解析： 使用了強(qiáng)調(diào)（"imperative"），強(qiáng)調(diào)了找到平衡的重要性。
- 拓展： "Urgently, we must navigate the delicate balance between the digital and the tangible, ensuring that technlgy serves as an enhancer, nt a barrier, t ur human cnnectins."
6. 高分句型6： "Let us use them as tls t enhance ur experiences, nt as substitutes fr the authentic human tuch."
- 解析： 這句話(huà)使用了祈使句（"Let us..."），直接向讀者發(fā)出呼吁，強(qiáng)調(diào)了手機(jī)的正確使用方式。
- 拓展： "May we wield these devices as cnduits fr enriching ur lives, rather than allwing them t supplant the irreplaceable warmth f human cntact."
通過(guò)這些句型的解析和拓展，我們可以看到如何通過(guò)使用高級(jí)詞匯、復(fù)雜句式和修辭手法來(lái)提升文章的質(zhì)量和深度。這些技巧對(duì)于寫(xiě)作高分作文至關(guān)重要。
在這篇范文中，使用了一系列高級(jí)詞匯來(lái)增強(qiáng)文章的表達(dá)和說(shuō)服力。以下是一些關(guān)鍵的高級(jí)詞匯及其含義：
Alienated (疏遠(yuǎn)的) - 描述人們因?yàn)檫^(guò)度使用手機(jī)而與他人疏遠(yuǎn)的狀態(tài)。
Sumptuus (豪華的) - 形容食物的豐盛和精美。
Interpersnal (人際的) - 與人與人之間的關(guān)系有關(guān)。
Prliferatin (激增) - 描述智能手機(jī)數(shù)量的快速增長(zhǎng)。
Cnnectivity (連通性) - 指設(shè)備之間的連接能力。
bundless (無(wú)界限的) - 強(qiáng)調(diào)連通性沒(méi)有限制。
Addicted (上癮的) - 描述人們對(duì)智能手機(jī)的依賴(lài)。
Side effects (副作用) - 指過(guò)度使用手機(jī)可能帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響。
Imperative (必要的) - 強(qiáng)調(diào)找到平衡的重要性。
Artifice (手段) - 在這里指手機(jī)作為增強(qiáng)體驗(yàn)的工具。
Substitutes (替代品) - 強(qiáng)調(diào)手機(jī)不應(yīng)成為人際交往的替代品。
Authentic (真實(shí)的) - 描述真實(shí)的人際關(guān)系。
Nurishes (滋養(yǎng)) - 描述人際關(guān)系對(duì)精神的滋養(yǎng)作用。
Ubiquity (普遍存在) - 強(qiáng)調(diào)智能手機(jī)的無(wú)處不在。
Catapulted (彈射，推動(dòng)) - 描述智能手機(jī)如何推動(dòng)我們進(jìn)入一個(gè)新時(shí)代。
這些高級(jí)詞匯不僅豐富了文章的詞匯，也使得文章的表達(dá)更加精確和有力。在寫(xiě)作中適當(dāng)使用這些詞匯可以提升文章的檔次，使讀者對(duì)作者的論點(diǎn)有更深的印象。
(滿(mǎn)分25分)
47. 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
I was twenty then, teaching a class f thirty students in Trnt including Mike, a 10-year-ld street kid. Having lst his father and mther, he lived with a mentally-disturbed grandmther.?
He was always hungry, s each day I’d take him fr breakfast befre class. Each nn after I shared my lunch with him, I taught him new skills—using a micrscpe, cnstructing a camera etc.
One day Mike tld me f his dream. Mst kids in the class wanted t be dctrs, teachers r sme such thing, but nt Mike! His desire was t be a gangster (強(qiáng)盜)! And he was serius abut it.
I believed all children had a gift fr what he wanted t be. If he wanted t be a gangster, I’d d all I culd t help him becme the very best “gangster”.
I had a plan. Every Saturday after we had breakfast, I tk him t the Law Library f the city. I explained t him a gd gangster had t knw smething abut criminal law, and reading up n law was the nly way t learn. His yung mind was interested, and he dve in.
That was hw we spent each Saturday mrning that year. I’d drp him ff at the law library. Three hurs later, I’d return, pick him up fr lunch and after a review f his mrning’s wrk, take him hme.
The fllwing year I taught in anther schl far away, which prevented me cntinuing t participate physically with him n Saturday mrnings. But I prvided him with public transprtatin tickets s he culd keep up his regular study at the library.
Later I gt married and mved t Lndn. Sadly, and t my great regret, I lst cntact with Mike.
Years passed. I ften thught f him, wndering what had becme f him. Then, ne day, I was back in Trnt n business, lking up the number f a frmer clleague in the telephne directry, and there, Mike’s name as part f a title f “JUDGES and LAWYERS” danced ff the page int my eyes.
注意：
1. 續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2. 請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
I wndered, “Culd it be him?”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When we were able t get tgether, he tld me his rad t the law.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
例文:
I wndered, “Culd it be him?” The name was as familiar as a lng-lst meldy, stirring a whirlwind f emtins. With a heart punding in my chest, I dialed the number, the digits dancing beneath my trembling fingers. The line cnnected, and a vice, rich with the resnance f years past, answered. It was Mike, the by wh had nce been a part f my daily rhythm, nw a man, his vice steady yet filled with an undercurrent f gratitude. We exchanged wrds, a fldgate f memries and emtins, and arranged t meet.
When we were able t get tgether, he tld me his rad t the law. Over a cup f cffee, the arma f which transprted us back t the days when we were bth yunger, Mike narrated his jurney. The Law Library had been his sanctuary, a secnd hme where he had fund slace in the pages f justice and rder. His dedicatin t learning criminal law had been unwavering, a beacn f his determinatin t refrm. He spke f the nights he spent pring ver legal tmes, the days he argued in mck trials, and his dreams that were nw a reality. He had becme a paragn f the very justice he had nce nly read abut, a judge, a guardian f the law, a symbl f hpe fr thse wh, like his yunger self, yearned t dream against the dds.
His tale was a narrative f triumph, a chrnicle f the indmitable spirit f a by wh, guided by a mentr's unwavering belief, had scaled the heights f success. It was a testament t the pwer f educatin, the impact f mentrship, and the resilience f the human will. As we sat there, I realized that my rle had been but a catalyst in his jurney, and Mike's wn reslve had been the fire that had lit his path.
在這篇范文中，我們可以看到多種高級(jí)句型和修辭手法的運(yùn)用，這些技巧不僅豐富了文章的內(nèi)容，也增強(qiáng)了其表達(dá)效果。以下是對(duì)文中一些高分句型的解析和可能的拓展：
1. "With a heart punding in my chest, I dialed the number, the digits dancing beneath my trembling fingers."
-解析：這句話(huà)使用了形象生動(dòng)的比喻（"heart punding" 和 "digits dancing"），傳達(dá)了緊張和期待的情緒。
-拓展："As my pulse raced with anticipatin, each number I pressed seemed t ech with the fervr f a thusand hpes."
2. "The line cnnected, and a vice, rich with the resnance f years past, answered."
-解析：這里使用了擬人化（"vice, rich with the resnance"），賦予聲音以深度和歷史感。
-拓展："The cnnectin was established, and the vice n the ther end, laden with the eches f bygne eras, respnded with a depth that transcended time."
3. "He had becme a paragn f the very justice he had nce nly read abut, a judge, a guardian f the law, a symbl f hpe fr thse wh, like his yunger self, learned t dream against the dds."
-解析：這句話(huà)通過(guò)一系列并列的名詞短語(yǔ)（"a paragn f justice", "a judge", "a guardian f the law"）強(qiáng)調(diào)了Mike的成就。
-拓展："He had ascended t becme an emblem f righteusness, a beacn f legal integrity, and a testament t the transfrmative pwer f aspiratin against adversity."
4. "His tale was a narrative f triumph, a chrnicle f the indmitable spirit f a by wh, guided by a mentr's unwavering belief, had scaled the heights f success."
-解析：這句話(huà)使用了復(fù)雜的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)（"a narrative f triumph", "a chrnicle f the indmitable spirit"）來(lái)描述Mike的故事。
-拓展："His jurney was an epic f victry, a saga that bre witness t the unyielding reslve f a sul, nurtured by the steadfast faith f a guide, reaching the pinnacle f achievement."
高級(jí)詞匯總結(jié)：
-Familiar(熟悉的)
-Meldy(旋律)
-Trembling(顫抖的)
-Fervr(熱情)
-Resnance(抵抗)
-Catalyst(催化劑)
-Chrnicle(記錄)
-Epemic(宏大的)
-Reverence(回響)
-Unwavering(堅(jiān)定的)
-Ascent(上升)
-Pinnacle(頂峰)
-Metamrphsis(轉(zhuǎn)變)
這些高級(jí)詞匯和句型不僅提升了文章的語(yǔ)言水平，也加深了讀者對(duì)文章主題和情感的理解。在寫(xiě)作中適當(dāng)運(yùn)用這些詞匯和句型，可以有效地提升文章的質(zhì)量和影響力。
本題要求考生根據(jù)給定材料續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。這不僅考察了考生的閱讀理解能力，還考察了其創(chuàng)造性寫(xiě)作技巧。以下是對(duì)題目的詳細(xì)分析：
題目要求：
1. 續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)：約150詞，要求考生在有限的字?jǐn)?shù)內(nèi)完整表達(dá)思想。
2. 段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)：提供了兩段的開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)，為考生的寫(xiě)作提供了方向。
3. 文筆要求：文筆好，用詞高級(jí)，句式和修辭手法多樣，這要求考生展示其語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的熟練度和創(chuàng)造性。
材料分析：
- 背景：故事發(fā)生在多倫多，涉及一位20歲的教師和一名10歲的街頭孩子Mike。
- 人物：教師和Mike，后者失去了父母，與精神不穩(wěn)定的祖母同住。
- 情節(jié)：教師每天帶Mike吃早餐，教他新技能，發(fā)現(xiàn)Mike想成為強(qiáng)盜的夢(mèng)想后，決定引導(dǎo)他學(xué)習(xí)法律。
- 發(fā)展：教師制定了計(jì)劃，帶Mike去市法律圖書(shū)館學(xué)習(xí)，后因工作變動(dòng)和個(gè)人生活變化與Mike失去聯(lián)系。
- 高潮：多年后，教師在多倫多偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)Mike的名字出現(xiàn)在“法官和律師”的名單上。
續(xù)寫(xiě)段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)分析：
1. "I wndered, “Culd it be him?”"：這個(gè)開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)暗示了教師對(duì)Mike身份的懷疑和希望，為續(xù)寫(xiě)段落設(shè)定了情感基調(diào)。
2. "When we were able t get tgether, he tld me his rad t the law."：這個(gè)開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)表明了兩人重逢的場(chǎng)景，為Mike講述自己如何走上法律道路的故事鋪墊。
續(xù)寫(xiě)段落內(nèi)容建議：
- 第一段：可以描述教師對(duì)Mike身份的確認(rèn)過(guò)程，以及他們重逢時(shí)的情感交流?？梢赃\(yùn)用比喻、擬人等修辭手法，增強(qiáng)情感表達(dá)。
- 第二段：Mike講述自己如何從街頭孩子成長(zhǎng)為法律專(zhuān)業(yè)人士的過(guò)程。這里可以詳細(xì)描述他在圖書(shū)館的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，以及教師的影響如何激勵(lì)他追求正義。

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