詞類的構成考點主要分布在語法填空中，懂得詞類的構成對我們平時學習英語幫助極大。
1. （江蘇泰州）Beijing, the capital f China, is wrld’s ________ (ne) city t hst Olympic Games twice.
【答案】first
【解析】句意：中國首都北京是世界上第一個兩次舉辦奧運會的城市。根據“city t hst Olympic Games twice”可知，此處是指第一個兩次舉辦奧運會的城市，表示順序用序數詞first“第一”。故填first。
2. （江蘇泰州）With the ________ (develp) f the sciety, mre and mre peple devte their energy t charity.
【答案】develpment
【解析】句意：隨著社會的發(fā)展，越來越多的人將精力投入到慈善事業(yè)中?？崭裎挥凇皌he”和“f”之間，用名詞形式develpment“發(fā)展”，固定短語with the develpment f“隨著……的發(fā)展”。故填develpment。
3. （2023·江蘇泰州）Audibks(有聲讀物) are s welcme that the number f the listeners is increasing ________ (rapid).
【答案】rapidly
【解析】句意：有聲讀物是如此受歡迎，聽眾的數量正在增加。此處在句中修飾動詞，用副詞形式，故填rapidly。
（2023·深圳一模）
Hw much d yu knw abut Wushu? Wushu, als knwn as martial arts, is ne f the earliest ___36___ (sprt) in China. It uses bth bdy and brain. What’s mre, Wushu is an utstanding example f ___37___ (traditin) Chinese culture. It can explain ___38___ Chinese peple understand the wrld. Over its lng histry, Wushu ___39___ (develp) int a special unity f exercise, self-prtectin and art.
As a sprt and ___40___ artistic frm, Wushu wins great ppularity in China. In Shenzhen, sme schls have Wushu classes fr kids. Every training ___41___ (require) students t take it seriusly. Only by training hard can they build up ___42___ (they) bdies and meet the challenges in the future.
As a cmpetitive sprt with great fitness value, Wushu has spread ___43___ (wide) acrss the wrld. Bruce Lee helped make Wushu wrld-famus. Thanks t him, the wrd “kung fu” appeared in many freign language dictinaries. Many Chinese have set up Wushu schls utside China, prviding peple ___44___ the chance t experience the fantastic sprt. During the Hangzhu Asian Games in 2023, mre peple were able ___45___ (enjy) the beauty f Wushu.
【答案】36. sprts 37. traditinal 38. hw 39. has develped 40. an 41. requires
42. their 43. widely 44. with 45. t enjy
37題和43題都是詞形變化題
37.句意：更重要 的是，武術是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的杰出代表。此處修飾名詞短語Chinese culture，用形容詞traditinal“傳統(tǒng)的”，作定語。故填traditinal。
43.句意：武術作為一項極具健身價值的競技體育項目，在世界范圍內廣泛傳播。此處修飾動詞has spread，用副詞形式。故填widely。
（一）合成法
由兩個或多個單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，這種構詞法叫作合成法，合成的詞叫作合成詞。初中階段最常見的合成詞是名詞，如：
hmewrk作業(yè)ntebk筆記本schlbag書包basketball籃球
ftball足球playgrund操場birthday生日pstcard明信片
weekend周末bathrm浴室 bedrm臥室classrm教室
fireman消防員pliceman警察pstman郵遞員 rainbw彩虹
spaceship宇宙飛船 spacesuit宇航服snwman雪人gentleman紳士
其他常用的合成詞：
everyday每天的 hard-wrking努力的nline在線的 utdrs在戶外
utside在外面 anybdy/anyne任何人 anything 任何事（物） anywhere任何地方
everybdy/everyne每個人 everything所有事（物） everywhere處處 smebdy/smene某人
smething某事（物） smewhere某處nbdy沒人 nthing沒有事（物） nwhere無處
（二）派生法
由一個詞加上前綴或后綴構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫作派生法。
1. 前綴：通常變詞義，不變詞性
2. 后綴：通常變詞性
（1）常用的形容詞后綴
（2）常用的名詞后綴
（3）常用的動詞后綴
（4）常用的副詞后綴
（5）常用的數詞后綴
（三）轉化法
一個單詞由一種詞性轉化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉化法。
一、單項選擇
1. Which f the fllwing wrds is frmed in the same way as “implite”?
A. blackbard B. uncertain C. chairpersn D. earthquake
2. We frm a new wrd “________” in a different way frm the ther three.
A. firefighter B. nticebard C. impatient D. greenhuse
3. Which f the fllwing wrds is frmed the same way as “husewrk”?
A. instructinB. uncertainC. cheerfulD. chairpersn
4. We can add prefix “im-” t the fllwing wrds t frm new wrds with the ppsite meaning _______.
A. hnestB. crrectC. cmmnD. partial
5. We can put the prefix “un” befre the fllwing wrds t give them the ppsite meaning EXCEPT________ .
A. activeB. certainC. imprtantD. finished
6. Which f the fllwing wrds has a different prefix t make it have an ppsite meaning?
A. pssibleB. pliteC. crrectD. patient
7. “……Shuld yuthful heads in vain turn grey. we wuld regret fr aye.”
——The River All Red by Xu Yuanchng.
Which wrd is frmed in the same way as “yuthful”?
A. disappearB. dangerusC. ftprintD. impssible
8. An adult panda _________ 100-150 kilgrams. That is t say, its _________ is 100-150 kilgrams.
A. weight; weight B. weighs; weighs C. weight; weighD. weighs; weight
9. He wrks hard and is ften_______. I hpe he will have mre_______ at his business.
A. successful; successB. success; successful C. successfully; successful D. successful; successful
10. — What ______ yu, dad?
—I was ______ that the dg culd d s many useful things fr the disabled.
A. surprised; surprised B. surprising; surprising C. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprise
二、用詞的適當形式填空
1. He hit his hand (heavy) against the wall.
2. — Our neighbur next dr is putting smething n the wall.
— It’s (pssible) t sleep with all that nise.
3. I asked him t help me but he (agree).
4. Sme insects are and we shuld try nt t kill them. (harm)
5. There are many freign (visit) in ur schl tday.
6. It’s very kind f yu t help me with my English with great . (patient)
7. Pr little girl! It is fr her t suffer s much. Let’s give her a hand. (fair)
8. If we dn’t take actin t prtect the frests, they will sn . (appear)
9. Mzart was a famus (music) in the wrld.
10. Li Jun was (lucky) because his car brke dwn yesterday.
11. Yu shuld take an active part in the (discuss).
12. His mther is a nurse and his father is a (manage).
13. The man fund himself (able) t walk and felt hpeless.
14. Amy is a(n) (usual) wman frm America. She is a famus artist nw.
15. It’s (pleasant) t see s much smg in the sky.
16. I want t be a fireman in the future, but my parents （agree）. They want me t becme a dctr.
17. There is a lt f (pllute) in this river.
18. They are just kidding. Dn’t take it (serius).
19. She thinks a gd friend must knw her (true).
20. He invented a machine t peple in wheelchairs t g up the stairs. (able)
21. As we all knw, thinking is really imprtant t students. (dependent)
22. Mst (west) peple like eating fast fd.
23. Hw thse peple deeply influenced by wars wish t live (peace)!
24. My father keeps diaries t remember his (day) life.
25. It was (sun) yesterday, but there is much rain tday.
26. Yu can find thse (climb) names n the hme page f ur club.
27. A lt f (art) perfrm plays, cncerts and peras there.
28. There are fur girls in the shp. (Germany)
29. She wrks (careful) in her schl.
30. I knw he is (aware) f his mistake because he still acts in the same ld way.
31. We all live in a place—the Earth. (beauty)
32. N ne was willing t help the ld man and he felt (help).
33. Smene is singing at the back f the hall. (lud)
34. —Are yu able t fix the TV Mike?
—N, I’m (certainly) that I can d it myself.
35. When yu make a (decide), yu must be careful.
36. Yur (suggest) is f great value and is really wrth taking. Thank yu s much!
37. He was tired ut that he fund himself (able) t mve ut f the htel.
38. Because f the wlf, everyne in the twn is feeling . (easy)
39. He wrte lts f bks fr yung peple. (science)
40. I have gt a headache, s I feel (cmfrtable) nw.
41. Mary is an (Australia) girl, s she knws a lt abut kalas.
42. All the drivers must remember (safe) is first.
43. He didn’t act (nrmal) yesterday and he had few wrds the whle afternn.
44. We shuld help the (able) peple. Life is hard fr them.
45. When I help thers, I have a strng (feel) f satisfactin.
46. Thanks very much fr yur (kind).
47. Thanks fr yur (invite), but I dn’t have time t the party.
48. He cked the sup by putting in t much . (salty)
49. The tired students arrived at the campsite . (final)
50. We ften see sme peple in the street in sme pr cuntries. (hme)
51. My trip t the UK is (educatin).
52. He shuted at a girl. Hw (plite) he was!
53. The tw （travel）were trapped（被困）n the muntain by the terrible strm.
54. She is an excellent (cker). We like her dishes very much.
55. Where can learn mre abut the West Lake in Hangzhu? (tur)
56. The says guests shuld wear evening dress t the party. (invite)
57. This was a very (use) lessn fr her.
58. His (ill) was mre serius than the dctr first thught.
59. Lk! Hw Kate is laughing! (happy)
60. The little girl’s face turned red because f her .(shy)
61. It’s very t play the sccer n the street. (danger)
62. There were nt many peple in the supermarket, s it was .(crwd)
63. Li Ming ges t see his grandparents at a (fix) date every mnth..
64. I can’t understand the (mean)f all the new wrds.
65. Ms Zhang is ur English (teach). She (teach) us well.
66. We were tuched by the f the welcme. (warm)
67. The tw bys like t write stries and want t be (reprt)
68. The weather was (fair) fine s we culd g camping yesterday.
69. The f that bridge is ver 200 metres. (lng)
70. My sister felt s sad t find that it was t clean her favurite T-shirt. (hpe)
71. (lucky) because we didn’t pass the math test yesterday.
72. If yu keep n wrking hard, yu will be (success).
73. Parents ften feel (help), knwing that all the effrts wn't imprve their child's study.
74. (sudden)Alice fell int a hle in the grund yesterday.
75. Many (visit) came t the hmetwn f the great man during the vacatin.
76. All these interesting experiments can ur knwledge.（wide）
77. Many students get (sleep) after a day f classes.
78. They went int the bedrm （quiet）.
79. The measure is nt （suit）fr the farmers.
80. It’s cl and sunny tday. It’s a （relax） day.
81. She likes very much and she wants t be an (art).
82. The red bx is the (heavy) f the five.
83. Many peple knw that the zipper is a great (invent) in ur daily life.
84. A true friend can help yu get ut f (sad) when yu’re unhappy.
85. Many pp stars dislike being asked (persn) questins in public.
86. Jim's English magazine isn't as (interest) as that ne.
87. Yu shuld make an aplgy t her fr yur ( careless) .
88. I think friendship is much (value) than mney .
89. Panda is kind f (lve) animal, I like it very much.
90. It is t eat lts f chclate befre the main meals. (health)
91. He practices (care) this week than last week.
92. Wu Jing is a well-knwn （ direct）. He is ppular amng film lvers.
93. T my disappintment, the new mvie is s (meaning).
94. Please make a (decide) t chse which ne is the best.
95. The plan is nt a new (discver), it’s been knwn fr years.
96. It will be a gd (chse) t take the high-speed train t Yancheng frm Suqian next year.
97. Every child wants t be the (prud) f their parents.
98. If yu dn’t have a deep lve fr smething, dn’t be (satisfy) until yu find ne.
99. Wild animals which are nw in danger need ur (prtect).
100. The man is still an (knw) writer, but he is sure t be famus.
101.Nthing is a waste if we have a (create) mind.
102.The teacher tld us t pay attentin t (spell) English wrds.
103. Each f us spke at the meeting (active).
104．His ________(knw) f English is very limited.
105．Everyne is brn with the ________ t learn. (able)
106．With the help f the teacher, there has been a great ________ in her spken English. (imprve)
107.Wuld yu tell me the (prnunce) f the new wrd?
108. Yu can't lse yur ________ with her; instead, yu shuld be _______ with her. (patient)
109.The Spring Festival is ne f the mst imprtant ________(traditin) festivals in China.
110. The Stry f White Snake is s________ that all f us are ________.(tuch)
111.The__________ (die) f Tm’s pet made him rather sad.
112.The game tells children the _____________(imprtant) f sharing lve and jy.
113. What’s the_________ f ding that? He is nt s generus, he is a _______ man. (mean)
114.The by laughed (excite) after he heard the gd news.
115.English is difficult fr me. Can yu give me sme ?(suggest)
116.This 5-year-ld by has such a gd sense f (direct) that he never gets lst.
117.My teacher pinted ut the wrng chice f ________ in my cmpsitin. (express)
118. The UK is an ld ________ cuntry, where there are many palaces and castles. (Eurpe)
119. China is an cuntry, and we cme frm ______________.(Asia)
120.The (lcal) f the Jy City is very gd. It is clse t the Wild Gse Pagda.
121. The htel had a great (celebrate) fr its pening.
122. The bk is based n (histry) events.
123．Gd hbbies can always bring us ___________(happy).
124.Yu can see lts f (natin) flags flying ver the square.
125. The bk describes where the finest tea leaves __________ (prduce).
126.I can't stand the nise here. It's t (nise) and let's find a quiet place.
127.The cmpany is a wrld (lead) in electrical gds.
128.The ld man gave away all his mney t supprt (medicine) research.
129．________(histry) believed Stnehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried t cmmunicate with the gds.
130.I prefer the mvie is that has a happy ____________(end).
131. The (pain) expressin n her face suggested that she had knwn the sad news.
132.Jerry played the guitar n the shw, and his (perfrm) was s wnderful that peple cheered happily.
133. The visitrs felt ________ after the ________ vacatin. (relax)
134.The bk prvides (value) advice fr teenagers.
135.Mike's father is a (bank). He wrks in a big bank.
136.Winning the gld medal at the Olympic Games brught him (famus).
137.They are wrking t measure the real (weigh) f the elephant.
138. After the discussin, we reached an ________(agree) that we wuld visit the ld peple nce a mnth.
139.Yu must learn hw t cntrl yur (feel) at yur age.
140.After the accident, the ld man was lucky t be__________.(live)
141. Kbe passed away accidentally. He read the news in ___________ ver and ver again. (believe)
142.Teachers' Day is cming. We're ging t hld a (celebrate) fr ur teachers.
143.I was very excited when the (annunce) that I was the winner f the cmpetitin came.
144.The pliceman reprted the new (discver).
145.I think the stry is (believe). I ever heard smething similar.
146.The (transprt) in China is develping quite fast.
147．He always helps thers and his life is full f ________. (please)
148.All kinds f rules made fr children killed their (create).
149.The phts bring back lts f gd___________(memrize).
150.He wants t be strng enugh t vercme all the (difficult).
常用的前綴
示 例
dis-表示否定、相反或相對，可用在動詞、名詞、形容詞前
agree同意→disagree不同意 appear出現→disappear消失
like喜歡→dislike不喜歡 advantage優(yōu)點→disadvantage缺點
hnest誠實的→dishnest不誠實的
un-, im-, in-, ir-, il-表示否定意義，多用于形容詞前
happy開心的→unhappy不開心的 healthy健康的→unhealthy不健康的
plite禮貌的 →implite不禮貌的 pssible可能的→impssible不可能的
crrect正確的→incrrect不正確的 regular規(guī)則的→irregular不規(guī)則的
legal合法的→illegal不合法的
re-表示“重新；再”，用在動詞前
build建造→rebuild重建 cycle循環(huán)→recycle再循環(huán)
view觀察→review復習
常用的形容詞后綴
示 例
-able (n./v. →adj.)表示“可以……的；顯示……性質”
accept接受→acceptable可接受的 drink喝；飲→drinkable可飲用的
cmfrt舒適→cmfrtable舒服的 fashin時尚→fashinable流行的
value價值→valuable寶貴的
-ful (n. →adj.)表示“充滿……的”
beauty美麗→beautiful美麗的 cheer快樂→cheerful快樂的
success成功→successful成功的 harm傷害→harmful有害的
-less (n. →adj.)表示“沒有……的”
care謹慎→careless粗心的 hme家 →hmeless無家可歸的
life生命→lifeless無生命的 help幫助→helpless無助的
-us (n. →adj.)表示“有……性質的”
danger危險→dangerus危險的 fame名聲→famus有名的
humr幽默→humrus幽默的
-y (n. →adj.)表示“有……特征的”
clud云 →cludy多云的 rain雨 →rainy下雨的
health健康→healthy健康的
-ly (n. →adj.)表示“有……性質的”
friend朋友→friendly友好的 lve 愛→lvely可愛的
day一天→daily每天的
-ing/-ed (v. →adj.)表示“有……特征的”
surprise吃驚→surprising令人吃驚的；surprised感到驚訝的
relax放松→relaxing令人輕松的；relaxed放松的，自在的
其他形式：-ish, -ive, -en, -ern, -al等
fl傻瓜→flish愚蠢的 attract吸引→attractive有吸引力的
gld金子→glden金的 suth南方→suthern南方的traditin傳統(tǒng)→traditinal傳統(tǒng)的
常用的名詞后綴
示 例
-er/r (v. →n.)
表示人或物
drive駕駛→driver司機 wrk工作→wrker工人
sing唱歌→singer歌手 speak說話→speaker發(fā)言者；揚聲器
ck烹飪→cker爐具 cntain容納→cntainer容器
invent發(fā)明→inventr發(fā)明家 visit參觀→visitr游客
-tin (v. → n.)
表示行為或結果
act行動→actin行動 invent發(fā)明→inventin發(fā)明
pllute污染→pllutin污染 intrduce介紹→intrductin介紹
celebrate慶?！鷆elebratin慶祝 invite邀請→invitatin邀請
-ment (v. →n.)
表示行為或結果
agree同意→agreement同意 develp發(fā)展→develpment發(fā)展
achieve取得成就→achievement成就 annunce宣布→annuncement公告
advertise做廣告→advertisement廣告
-ness (adj. →n.)
表示性質、狀態(tài)
happy幸福的→happiness幸福 sad悲傷的→sadness悲傷
ill生病的→illness疾病
-dm (adj./n. →n.)
表示狀況、領域
free自由的→freedm自由 wise睿智的→wisdm智慧
king國王→kingdm王國
其他形式：-th, -ty, -ence, -ance, -hd, -ist, -ian, -an, -ese等
dead死的→death死亡 true真實的→truth真相
safe安全的→safety安全 difficult困難的→difficulty困難
different不同的→difference差別 imprtant重要的→imprtance重要性
child小孩→childhd童年 science科學→scientist科學家
music音樂→musician音樂家 Africa非洲→African非洲人
China中國→Chinese中國人
常用的動詞后綴
示 例
-ize (n./adj. →v.)
表示“使……成為；使……化”
aplgy道歉→aplgize道歉
memry記憶→memrize記住 real真的→realize認識到
-fy (n./adj. →v.)
表示“使……成為；使……進入狀態(tài)”
beauty美→beautify美化
simple簡單的→simplify簡化
-en (n./adj. →v.) 表示“使……”
fright恐怖→frighten使驚恐 shrt短的→shrten縮短
常用的副詞后綴
示 例
-ly (adj. → adv.)
表示方式、程度
careful小心的→carefully謹慎地
angry生氣的→angrily生氣地
-ward(s) (adv. → adv.)
表示“向……”
t朝；向→tward(s)朝著
fre在前面→frward(s)向前
常用的數詞后綴
示 例
-teen 表示“十幾”
six六→sixteen十六
-ty 表示“整十位數”
six六→sixty六十
-th 表示“序數詞”
six六→sixth第六
常見的轉化
示 例
動詞→名詞
walk v. 走路；步行 → walk n. 散步
I usually walk hme after wrk. 我通常下班后步行回家。
Let’s g ut fr a walk. 我們去外面散散步吧。
名詞→動詞
milk n. 牛奶 → milk v. 擠奶
Wuld yu like milk in yur cffee? 你想要咖啡里加奶嗎？
Tm helped his mther milk the cw. 湯姆幫媽媽給牛擠奶。
形容詞→動詞
dry adj. 干燥的 → dry v. 弄干
It’s ht and dry here in summer. 這里的夏季炎熱干燥。
Use the twel t dry yur hands. 用這條毛巾把手擦干。

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